MSAS R4: FTF Questionnaire English Ver. 7 June 2010 Adol ID [|||||]

MSAS_R4: FTF Questionnaire English Ver. 7 June 2010 Adol ID [__|__|__|__|__|__]

TIME BEGUN [___|___]:[___|___] (24 hour time)

SECTION A: RESPONDENT INFORMATION VERIFICATION NO QUESTION RESPONSE SKIP Script_A: "I would like to ask you a few questions about yourself: your age, schooling, and where you live."

A0a What is your current age? AGE: [___|___]

A0b When is your birthday? DAY: [___|___] / MONTH: [___|___] [Don't know = 88]

A0c What year you were born? YEAR: [___|___|___|___] Don't know 88 → A4a

A0d 1. [If respondent knows DAY, MONTH & YEAR of birth:] [Check if current age is consistent with the date of the current interview, then circle:] Current age is consistent with date of birth 1 → A4a Current age is NOT consistent with date of birth 2 → A0e 2. [If respondent only knows MONTH & YEAR of birth:] [Check if current age is consistent with month & year of the current interview, then circle:] Current age is consistent with month & year of birth 1 → A4a Current age is NOT consistent with month & year of birth 2 → A0e 3. [If respondent only knows YEAR of birth:] [Check if current age is consistent with year of the current interview, then circle:] Current age is consistent with year of birth 1 → A4a Current age is NOT consistent with year of birth 2 → A0e

A0e You just told me that your age is [age A0a] and that you were born on [day/month A0b] of [year A0c]. Something doesn't match. Are you more sure that your age is [age A0a] or are you more sure that you were born on [day/month A0b] of [year A0c]? Respondent is more sure of his/her current age 1 Respondent is more sure of his/her date of birth 2

A0f [After you ask A0e, if the respondent corrects or mentions a different age, day, month or year of birth, record the changes below but DO NOT change any of the responses recorded in A0a, A0b or A0c. DO NOT help the respondent estimate his/her age or date of birth.] Current age: [___|___]; Date of birth: Day [___|___]/Month [___|___]/Year [___|___|___|___]

[Check reference-sheet: If respondent highest possible standard is 4-7 → A6a; else ask:] A4a Did you ever take the MANEB (PSLCE) exam? NO 0 → A6a YES 1

A4b What were your grades for …? [ Grades: A, B, C, D, F ]

[Read all options] English [_____] [66=Not yet received grades] Chichewa [_____] [88=Don't know] Arithmetic [_____] [99=Subject not in exam] Primary Science [_____] Social Studies [_____]

Page 1 of 41 MSAS_R4: FTF Questionnaire English Ver. 7 June 2010 Adol ID [__|__|__|__|__|__]

A4c Did you ever take the JCSE exam? NO 0 → A6a YES 1

A4d What were your grades for …? [ Grades: A, B, C, D, F ] [Read all options] Mathematics [_____] [66=Not yet received grades] Chichewa [_____] [88=Don't know] Geography [_____] [99=Subject not in exam] History [_____] Agriculture [_____] French [_____] Social Development [_____] Life Skills [_____] English [_____]

A6a Are you currently attending school? NO 0 YES 1 → A6b

A6aa What are the reasons that MARRIAGE/BIRTH you are not currently Marriage 1 [___] attending school? Pregnancy 2 [___] Has baby/Nursing baby 3 [___] [Do not read list; SCHOOL ISSUES check all mentioned] Finished primary school 4 [___] Not selected/accepted to secondary school 5 [___] [If the respondent provides Not doing well at school 6 [___] more than one response, Don't like school 7 [___] ask:] Problems with/afraid of other students 8 [___] "Which of these is Problems with/afraid of teacher 9 [___] the most important reason?" Travel/Distance to school 10 [___] Rather do something else 11 [___] [Circle the most Parents/Guardian don't want me to go to school 12 [___] important reason] FINANCIAL/WORK Financial/Costs 13 [___] No money for development funds 14 [___] Need to work at home/fields 15 [___] Need to work/earn money 16 [___] ILLNESS/DEATH Respondent sick/ill 17 [___] Illness: Parent/Guardian 18 [___] ALL Illness: Other HH member 19 [___] → A10 Death: Parent/Guardian 20 [___] Death: Other HH member 21 [___] HOUSEHOLD ISSUES Biological parents: Separated/divorced 22 [___] Need to look after brothers/sisters 23 [___] Hunger 24 [___] Other______25 [___] Don't know 88 [___]

A6b What is the name of the [Record name of school:] school you are currently attending?

[Check reference-sheet: Is the school Curent school is the same as school in reference-sheet 0 attended last interview the same as the Current school is different than school in reference-sheet 1 current school? Circle:]

Page 2 of 41 MSAS_R4: FTF Questionnaire English Ver. 7 June 2010 Adol ID [__|__|__|__|__|__]

A6b1 What district is this school in? DISTRICT: [___|___] [Use district codes at end of section]

A6b2 Is this a primary or a secondary school? Primary School 1 Secondary School 2 → A7b

A7a In which standard are you currently enrolled? STANDARD: [____] → A7c

A7b In which form are you currently enrolled? FORM: [____]

A7c Are you a day student, or a boarder at school, Day student 1 or a boarder somewhere else? Boarder at school 2 Boarder somewhere else 3

A10 [Respondent attending school:] [Record name of village/area:] Now let's talk about the village/area in which you live while you attend school. What is the name of that village/area? [Check reference-sheet: Is the village/ area [Respondent NOT attending school:] from last interview the same as the current Now let's talk about the village/area in which you village/area? Circle:] live. What is the name of that village/area? Same village/area 0 Same village/area but changed name 1 Different village/area 2

[If respondent is NOT attending school → Secon AA] A12 Do you live in another village/area during those NO 0 → Sect AA times that you are not in school? YES 1

A13 Where is the village/area you live in when you Same Traditional Authority (T/A) 1 are not in school? Same district 2 [Read response options 1-4] Another district 3 Another country 4 Don't know 88

A13a Which village/area do you consider your Current village/area [A10] 0 primary home? Other village/area 1

DISTRICT CODES: 01 Balaka 08 Mulanje 15 Dowa 22 Neno 02 Machinga 09 Thyolo 16 Kasungu 23 Mwanza 03 Zomba 10 Chikwawa 17 Salima 24 Likoma 04 Mangochi 11 Ntcheu 18 Mchinji 25 Rumphi 05 Blantyre 12 Dedza 19 Mzimba 26 Karonga 06 Chiradzulu 13 Lilongwe 20 Nkhotakota 27 Chitipa 07 Nsanje 14 Ntchisi 21 Nkhata Bay 28 Phalombe OTHER COUNTRY: 71 Mozambique 72 South Africa 77 Other country ______

Page 3 of 41 MSAS_R4: FTF Questionnaire English Ver. 7 June 2010 Adol ID [__|__|__|__|__|__]

SECTION AA: MIGRATION

Codes for Migration Roster:

CODES FOR QUESTION AA5: MAIN REASON MOVED TO VILLAGE/AREA: SCHOOL REASONS 01 Quality of this school 02 PSLE better at this school 03 Other reason this school 04 Poor quality of previous school 05 Problems with teachers at previous school 06 Problems with students at previous school 07 Other reason previous school 08 Attend secondary school OTHER REASONS 09 Death: Parent/Guardian 10 Death: Other HH member 11 Illness: Parent/Guardian 12 Illness: Other HH member 13 Biological parents: Separated/Divorced 14 Lower crop yields: Draught/Disease/Price drops 15 Loss of livestock 16 Job loss/Business failure (non-farming) 17 Economic opportunity: Self 18 Economic opportunity: Parent(s) 19 Economic opportunity: Other HH member 20 Fostered for other reason 21 Conflict with family members 22 Other relatives needed help 23 Moved with parents 24 Rejoined parents 25 Marriage 26 Other 88 Don't know

Page 4 of 41 MSAS R4 Adolescent Questionnaire English Ver. 7 June 2010 Adol ID [__|__|__|__|__|__]

SECTION AA: MIGRATION ROSTER Script_AA: "Now I would like to ask you about the different places where you have lived since the last time you were interviewed." [Record date last interview from reference-sheet: Month ______Year______. Record last village/area from reference-sheet in Line # 01.] AA1 AA2 AA3 AA4 AA5 AA6 AA7 MAIN REASON Line # NAME OF VILLAGE/AREA DISTRICT VILLAGE/AREA TYPE LEFT VILLAGE/AREA MONTH/YEAR LEFT MOVED TO Line # 01: When you were What district Is this village/area a Lines # 02-10: Line # 01: Since What month and year did you last interviewed on [date last is this village/ major urban centre, What is the main [date last interview], leave [village/area] to go live interview] you were living in area in? boma, trading centre reason that you have you left this village/ in another place? [village/area in line AA01]. or a rural village? moved to this area to go live in village/area? another place? Lines # 02-10: What is the 1 = Major urban centre Lines # 02-10: Have you Month = 1-12 [Use district codes in [Use codes for main name of the village/area that 2 = Boma left this village/area to go Year = 07, 08, 09, 10 previous page] reason moved to in you moved to next? 3 = Trading centre previous page] live in another place? Don't know = 88 DK = 88 4 = Rural village [Check: month and year should be between [Lines # 02-10: Record the name of the 5 = Other DK = 88 [If NO → Secon B] the date of the last interview and the date village/area that respondent moved to] 88 = Don't know of the current interview] [Reference-sheet: village/area] AA.01 [___|___] [_____] [ X | X ] NO = 0 →Sect B YES = 1 Month:[__|__] / Year:[__|__] ______AA.02 ______[___|___] [_____] [___|___] NO = 0 →Sect B YES = 1 Month:[__|__] / Year:[__|__]

AA.03 ______[___|___] [_____] [___|___]NO = 0 →Sect B YES = 1 Month:[__|__] / Year:[__|__]

AA.04 ______[___|___] [_____] [___|___] NO = 0 →Sect B YES = 1 Month:[__|__] / Year:[__|__]

AA.05 ______[___|___] [_____] [___|___]NO = 0 →Sect B YES = 1 Month:[__|__] / Year:[__|__]

AA.06 ______[___|___] [_____] [___|___] NO = 0 →Sect B YES = 1 Month:[__|__] / Year:[__|__]

AA.07 ______[___|___] [_____] [___|___]NO = 0 →Sect B YES = 1 Month:[__|__] / Year:[__|__]

AA.08 ______[___|___] [_____] [___|___] NO = 0 →Sect B YES = 1 Month:[__|__] / Year:[__|__]

AA.09 ______[___|___] [_____] [___|___]NO = 0 →Sect B YES = 1 Month:[__|__] / Year:[__|__]

AA.10 ______[___|___] [_____] [___|___]NO = 0 →Sect B YES = 1 Month:[__|__] / Year:[__|__] [Check: the last name of village/area recorded in AA2 should the same as the village/area recorded in A10] [If the respondent has moved more than 10 times: check here [____] and record additional movements in the notes sheet.]

Page 5 of 41 MSAS_R4: FTF Questionnaire English Ver. 7 June 2010 Adol ID [__|__|__|__|__|__]

SECTION B: RESPONDENT'S BIOLOGICAL MOTHER NO QUESTION RESPONSE SKIP Script_B: “Now I would like to ask you a few questions about your family, including your mother, father and siblings. Let's start with your mother."

[Check reference-sheet: if biological mother alive at last interview → B1, else ask:] B0 Was your biological mother alive on NO 0 → Sect C [reference-sheet: date last interview]? YES (reference-sheet incorrect) 2 Don't know 88 → Sect C

B1 Is your biological mother still living? NO 0 YES 1 → B3 Don't know 88 → Sect C

B1a In what month and year did she die? Month: [___|___]/Year: [___|___] [Don't know = 88]

[Check: the month and year of mother's death should be between ALL date of last interview and date of the current interview; if PRIOR, B0 IS NOT CORRECT 1 → Sect C confirm with respondent and circle:]

B3 [Respondent attending school:] Does your biological mother reside in the household in which you live while you attend school? NO 0 [Respondent NOT attending school:] YES 1 → B5 Does your biological mother reside in the household in which you live?

B4 How often do you see your biological mother? Never 0 Once a year/Once every few years 1 Once a month/Once every few months 2 Once a week/Once every few weeks 3 Everyday/Every few days 4 School holidays only 5

B5 What is your biological mother's current Never married 0 → B6 marital status? Married: Biological father 1 → B6 [If married/in union, ask:] With your biological Married: Other person 2 father or someone else? Separated 3 → B6 Divorced 4 → B6 Widowed 5 → B6 Don't know 88 → B6

B5b Did your step father go to primary school? NO 0 → B6 YES 1 Don't know 88 → B6

B5c How far did your step father go in school? Some primary 1 Completed primary 2 Some secondary 3 Completed secondary 4 Tertiary 5 Don't know 88

Page 6 of 41 MSAS_R4: FTF Questionnaire English Ver. 7 June 2010 Adol ID [__|__|__|__|__|__]

B6 What types of activities does your biological mother do to support the family? Does she do …? NO YES DK [Read all options] Subsistence farming 0 1 88 Commercial farming 0 1 88 Animal husbandry 0 1 88 Salaried employment 0 1 88 Temporary: kwacha or in kind/ganyu 0 1 88 Skilled artisan 0 1 88 Market vendor/sellers 0 1 88 Domestic/cook/garden worker 0 1 88 Other______0 1 88

B9a Since [date last interview], has your biological NO 0 mother given birth to any children? YES 1 Don't know 88

SECTION C: RESPONDENT'S BIOLOGICAL FATHER NO QUESTION RESPONSE SKIP Script_C: “Now I would like to ask you about your biological father.”

[Check reference-sheet: if biological father alive at last interview → C1, else ask:] C0 Was your biological father alive on NO 0 → C15 [reference-sheet: date last interview]? YES (reference-sheet incorrect) 2 Don't know 88 → C15

C1 Is your biological father still living? NO 0 YES 1 → C3 Don't know 88 → C15

C1a In what month and year did he die? Month: [___|___]/Year: [___|___] [Don't know = 88]

[Check: the month and year of father's death should be between ALL date of last interview and date of the current interview; if PRIOR, C0 IS NOT CORRECT 1 → C15 confirm with respondent and circle:]

C3 [Respondent attending school:] Does your biological father reside in the household in which you live while you attend NO 0 school? YES 1 → C5 [Respondent NOT attending school:] Does your biological father reside in the household in which you live?

C4 How often do you see your biological father? Never 0 Once a year/Once every few years 1 Once a month/Once every few months 2 Once a week/Once every few weeks 3 Everyday/Every few days 4 School holidays only 5

Page 7 of 41 MSAS_R4: FTF Questionnaire English Ver. 7 June 2010 Adol ID [__|__|__|__|__|__]

C5 What is your biological father's current Never married 0 → C8 marital status? Married 1 Separated 2 → C8 Divorced 3 → C8 Widowed 4 → C8 Don't know 88 → C8

C6 Is your biological father currently married to NO 0 your biological mother? YES 1 → C7 Don't know 88 → C7

C6b Did your step mother go to primary school? NO 0 → C7 YES 1 Don't know 88 → C7

C6c How far did your step mother go in school? Some primary 1 Completed primary 2 Some secondary 3 Completed secondary 4 Tertiary 5 Don't know 88

C7 In total, how many women is your biological TOTAL NUMBER: [___|___] father currently married to? Don't know 88

C8 What types of activities does your biological father do to support the family? Does he do …? NO YES DK [Read all options] Subsistence farming 0 1 88 Commercial farming 0 1 88 Animal husbandry 0 1 88 Salaried employment 0 1 88 Temporary: kwacha or in kind/ganyu 0 1 88 Skilled artisan 0 1 88 Market vendor/sellers 0 1 88 Domestic/cook/garden worker 0 1 88 Other______0 1 88

C11a Since [reference-sheet: date last interview], how TOTAL NUMBER: [___|___] many living children has your biological father had Don't know 88 with other women besides your biological mother?

C15 How many living brothers does your biological TOTAL NUMBER: [___|___] mother have? Don't know 88

[If respondent is NOT attending school → Secon D] C16 During the first school term of this school year, [Use relationship who paid the most for your …? codes at end of section] [Read all options] School supplies (notebook, pencil, paper, bag) [___|___] School uniform (clothing to wear to school) [___|___] Shoes for school [___|___] Food/snack money for school [___|___] Tutoring/extra lessons [___|___] Basic necessities (soap) [___|___]

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[If respondent is in SECONDARY school → C19] C17 Do you think you will be able to continue to NO 0 secondary school? YES 1 → C19 Don't know 88 → C19

C18 What is the main reason that you Not doing well at school 1 think you will not continue on to Don't like school 2 secondary school? Parents/Guardian don't want 3 Financial/Costs 4 ALL [Do not read list; circle main Need to work/Earn money 5 → Sect D reason mentioned] Travel/Distance to secondary 6 Other______7 Don't know 88

C19 [Respondent in PRIMARY school:] [Record all mentions] If you do attend secondary school, [Use relationship codes below] who will pay your school fees? a. [___|___] [Respondent in SECONDARY school:] b. [___|___] Who pays your school fees? c. [___|___]

RELATIONSHIP CODES: 00 No one 09 Biological sister 19 Male cousin 28 Other relative: Male 01 Self 10 Biological brother 20 Female cousin 29 Other relative: Female 02 Spouse 11 Half brother 21 Niece 41 Teacher 03 Son 12 Half sister 22 Nephew 42 Head teacher 04 Daughter 13 Mother's brother 23 Sister's husband 43 Village headman 05 Biological mother 14 Mother's sister 24 Brother's wife 44 Neighbor 06 Biological father 15 Father's brother 25 Spouse's mother 45 Friend 07 Step mother 16 Father's sister 26 Spouse's father 46 Other 08 Step father 17 Mother's parent 27 Spouse's other wife 88 Don't know 18 Father's parent 99 Not apply

Page 9 of 41 MSAS_R4: FTF Questionnaire English Ver. 7 June 2010 Adol ID [__|__|__|__|__|__]

SECTION D: RESPONDENT'S HOUSEHOLD ROSTER Respondent attending school: "Now I would like to ask about the household in which you live while you are attending school. By household we mean everyone who lives with you under the same household head, who shares a common pot at mealtimes, and lives in a common compound." Respondent NOT attending school: "Now I would like to ask about the household in which you live. By household we mean everyone who lives with you under the same household head, who shares a common pot at mealtimes, and lives in a common compound." D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D8 D9 D10 D11 RELATION SCHOOLING MARITAL STATUS Line # NAME SEX AGE SHIP [AGES 5 & OLDER] [AGES 10 & OLDER] Please give me the names of all individuals What is Is (NAME) male What age is (NAME)? Has (NAME) ever How far did (NAME) go in Is (NAME) still in a. What is (NAME)'s marital b. [If married to who usually stay in your current household. (NAME)’S or female? attended school? school? school? status? [If married ask:] To a resident, relationship to household resident? D11=22, ask:] Let’s start with the head of your household. you? Who in the 0=No school 11=Never married household is [Record respondent in line # 00] 1=Pre-school 22=Married to resident (NAME)'s [Use [Record household head in line # 01. If 2=Some primary 29=Married to 2 or more res spouse? relationship NO = 0 → D11 NO = 0 the respondent is the household head, 3=Completed primary 33=Married to nonresident codes at end of enter "same as respondent" in line # 01 [If age not certain: 4=Some secondary 44=Separated Enter line # of roster] MALE = 1 YES = 1 YES = 1 and DO NOT ask D3-D11] circle estimated] 5=Completed secondary 55=Divorced spouse 6=Tertiary 66=Widowed [Record first name and surname] DK = 88 FEMALE = 2 DK = 88 DK = 88 → D11 DK = 88 DK = 88 88=DK 88=DK If age younger than 5 → NEXT LINE # If age younger than 10 → NEXT LINE # [Respondent] H.00 ______[ 0 | 1 ] [ X ] Age [ X | X ] [ X ] [ X ] [ X ] a. [ X | X ] b. [ X | X ] [HH head] Age [___|___] H.01 ______[___|___] [____] Estimated = 1 [____] [____] [____] a. [___|___] b. [__|__] Age [___|___] H.02 ______[___|___] [____] Estimated = 1 [____] [____] [____] a. [___|___] b. [__|__] Age [___|___] H.03 ______[___|___] [____] Estimated = 1 [____] [____] [____] a. [___|___] b. [__|__] Age [___|___] H.04 ______[___|___] [____] Estimated = 1 [____] [____] [____] a. [___|___] b. [__|__] Age [___|___] H.05 ______[___|___] [____] Estimated = 1 [____] [____] [____] a. [___|___] b. [__|__] Age [___|___] H.06 ______[___|___] [____] Estimated = 1 [____] [____] [____] a. [___|___] b. [__|__] Age [___|___] H.07 ______[___|___] [____] Estimated = 1 [____] [____] [____] a. [___|___] b. [__|__] Age [___|___] H.08 ______[___|___] [____] Estimated = 1 [____] [____] [____] a. [___|___] b. [__|__] Age [___|___] H.09 ______[___|___] [____] Estimated = 1 [____] [____] [____] a. [___|___] b. [__|__]

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RESPONDENT'S HOUSEHOLD ROSTER, cont. D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D8 D9 D10 D11 RELATION SCHOOLING MARITAL STATUS Line # NAME SEX AGE SHIP [AGES 5 & OLDER] [AGES 10 & OLDER] Please give me the names of all individuals What is Is (NAME) male What age is (NAME)? Has (NAME) ever How far did (NAME) go in Is (NAME) still in a. What is (NAME)'s marital b. [If married to who usually stay in your current household. (NAME)’S or female? attended school? school? school? status? [If married ask:] To a resident, relationship to household resident? D11=22, ask:] you? Who in the 0=No school 11=Never married household is 1=Pre-school 22=Married to resident (NAME)'s [Use 2=Some primary 29=Married to 2 or more res spouse? relationship NO = 0 → D11 NO = 0 3=Completed primary 33=Married to nonresident codes at end of [If age not certain: 4=Some secondary 44=Separated Enter line # of roster] MALE = 1 YES = 1 YES = 1 circle estimated] 5=Completed secondary 55=Divorced spouse 6=Tertiary 66=Widowed [Record first name and surname] DK = 88 FEMALE = 2 DK = 88 DK = 88 → D11 DK = 88 DK = 88 88=DK 88=DK If age younger than 5 → NEXT LINE # If age younger than 10 → NEXT LINE # Age [___|___] H.10 ______[___|___] [____] Estimated = 1 [____] [____] [____] a. [___|___] b. [__|__] Age [___|___] H.11 ______[___|___] [____] Estimated = 1 [____] [____] [____] a. [___|___] b. [__|__] Age [___|___] H.12 ______[___|___] [____] Estimated = 1 [____] [____] [____] a. [___|___] b. [__|__] Age [___|___] H.13 ______[___|___] [____] Estimated = 1 [____] [____] [____] a. [___|___] b. [__|__] Age [___|___] H.14 ______[___|___] [____] Estimated = 1 [____] [____] [____] a. [___|___] b. [__|__] Age [___|___] H.15 ______[___|___] [____] Estimated = 1 [____] [____] [____] a. [___|___] b. [__|__] Age [___|___] H.16 ______[___|___] [____] Estimated = 1 [____] [____] [____] a. [___|___] b. [__|__] Age [___|___] H.17 ______[___|___] [____] Estimated = 1 [____] [____] [____] a. [___|___] b. [__|__] Age [___|___] H.18 ______[___|___] [____] Estimated = 1 [____] [____] [____] a. [___|___] b. [__|__]

RELATIONSHIP CODES: 05 Biological mother 11 Half brother 17 Mother's parent 23 Sister's husband 28 Other relative: Male 44 Neighbor 00 No one 06 Biological father 12 Half sister 18 Father's parent 24 Brother's wife 29 Other relative: Female 45 Friend 01 Self 07 Step mother 13 Mother's brother 19 Male cousin 25 Spouse's mother 41 Teacher 46 Other 02 Spouse 08 Step father 14 Mother's sister 20 Female cousin 26 Spouse's father 42 Head teacher 88 Don't know 03 Son 09 Biological sister 15 Father's brother 21 Niece 27 Spouse's other wife 43 Village headman 04 Daughter 10 Biological brother 16 Father's sister 22 Nephew

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SECTION D: HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS NO QUESTION RESPONSE SKIP [If head of household is the respondent, biological mother or biological father → D23a; else ask:] D23 What types of activities does the head of your household do to support the family? Does s/he do …? NO YES DK [Read all options] Subsistence farming 0 1 88 Commercial farming 0 1 88 Animal husbandry 0 1 88 Salaried employment 0 1 88 Temporary: kwacha or in kind/ganyu 0 1 88 Skilled artisan 0 1 88 Market vendor/sellers 0 1 88 Domestic/cook/garden worker 0 1 88 Other______0 1 88

D23a Who takes care of you, makes sure you eat D23b Is this person currently enough food, watches your behavior and living in your household? provides emotional support to you? [Probe:] Anyone else?

[Use relationship 1st person [___|___] → NO = 0 YES = 1 codes at end of 2nd person [___|___] → NO = 0 YES = 1 section] 3rd person [___|___] → NO = 0 YES = 1

D23c Is your current household the same household as NO 0 the one you lived in [date last interview]? YES 1 → D23f

D23e What is the main reason SCHOOL REASONS you left your previous Quality of this school 1 household? PSLE better at this school 2 Other reason this school______3 [Do not read list; Poor quality of previous school 4 circle main reason Problems with teachers at previous school 5 mentioned] Problems with students at previous school 6 Other reason previous school______7 Attend secondary school 8 OTHER REASONS Death: Parent/Guardian 9 Death: Other HH member 10 Illness: Parent/Guardian 11 Illness: Other HH member 12 Biological parents: Separated/Divorced 13 Lower crop yields: Draught/Disease/Price drops 14 Loss of livestock 15 Job loss/Business failure (non-farming) 16 Economic opportunity: Self 17 Economic opportunity: Parent(s) 18 Economic opportunity: Other HH member 19 Fostered for other reason 20 Conflict with family members 21 Other relatives needed help 22 Moved with parents 23 Rejoined parents 24 Marriage 25 Other ______26 Don't know 88

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D23f Has any member of your current household died NO 0 → Sect E since this time last year? YES 1 Don't know 88 → Sect E

D23g Who in your current household has died since [Use relationship codes below] this time last year? 1st person: [___|___] 2nd person: [___|___] 3rd person: [___|___]

SECTION E: HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS NO QUESTION RESPONSE SKIP E1 Does your household have any of the following? NO YES DK [Read list] A Mattress 0 1 88 B Sofa 0 1 88 C Table 0 1 88 D Chairs 0 1 88 E Paraffin/gas lamp 0 1 88 F Television 0 1 88 G Radio 0 1 88 H Cell phone 0 1 88 I Mosquito net 0 1 88 J Bicycle 0 1 88 K Motorcycle 0 1 88 L Car 0 1 88 M Tin roof 0 1 88 N Electricity 0 1 88 O Boat/Canoe 0 1 88 P Sewing machine 0 1 88 Q Books to read 0 1 88

[If Q = YES, ask:] R How many books? [___|___] 88

E1a What is the main source of lighting in your No lighting 0 household? Fire 1 Candle 2 Paraffin/gas lamp 3 Electricity 4 Torch 5

E1b Does anyone in your household own NO 0 a market stall? YES 1 Don't know 88

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E1c Does anyone in your household rent NO 0 a market stall? YES 1 Don't know 88

E2 I'm now going to read a list of animals. How many of the following animals does your household own? NUMBER DK [Read list] Goats [___|___] 88 Poultry [___|___] 88 Sheep [___|___] 88 Cattle [___|___] 88

E3 Does anyone in your household own farm land? NO 0 YES 1 Don't know 88

E4 Does anyone in your household rent farm land? NO 0 YES 1 Don't know 88

E5 Does the land your household works have NO 0 irrigation other than rain-water? YES 1 No land worked 2 → E8

E6 Did your household fertilize the crops that NO 0 were just harvested? YES 1 No crops harvested 2 → E8

E7 E7a What are the main crops that your E7b How much of this crop did household produced last harvest you produce last harvest season? season?

[Check each A Millet [___] [Ask for E-N only; if exact amount option B Sweet potatoes [___] not known ask to estimate] mentioned] C Sugar cane [___] D Cassava [___] E Rice [___] ______Bags (50 kg) F Groundnuts [___] ______Bags (50 kg) G Beans [___] ______Bags (50 kg) H Maize [___] ______Bags (50 kg) I Tobacco [___] ______KGs or bales ______J Cotton [___] ______KGs or bales ______K Soy beans [___] ______KGs or bales ______L Pigeon peas [___] ______Bags (50 kg) M Sourghum [___] ______KGs N Cow peas [___] ______Bags (50 kg)

E8 What is the main source of drinking Piped (dwelling/compound) 1 → E10 water for members of your household? Piped (public/shared) 2 Open well: protected (dwelling/compound) 3 → E10 Open well: protected (public/shared) 4 Open well: unprotected (dwelling/compound) 5 → E10 Open well: unprotected (public/shared) 6 Borehole (dwelling/compound) 7 → E10 Borehole (public/shared) 8 Spring/river/pond/dam 9 Other ______10

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E9 How long does it take to go to that [If less than 1 hour: HOURS: [___|___] source get water, and come back? record 0 hours and record the minutes] MINUTES: [___|___] Don't know 88

E10 What kind of toilet facility does your Flush toilet 1 household have? VIP pit latrine (lid, cement floor, fly trap) 2 Standard pit latrine (cement floor) 3 Traditional pit latrine (mud floor) 4 No facility/bush/field/throw away 5

E11 What is the main flooring material Natural (earth/sand/mud/dung) 1 used in your household? Rudimentary (wood/broken brick) 2 Finished (polished wood/cement/tile) 3 Other ______4

E12 What is the type of fuel mainly used for Electricity 1 cooking in your household? Paraffin 2 Charcoal 3 Firewood 4 Straw 5 Other ______6

E13 What is the total number of rooms in your household or compound, including bedrooms, ROOMS: [___|___] living rooms, and rooms in which you eat?

SECTION F: RESPONDENT'S CHARACTERISTICS NO QUESTION RESPONSE SKIP

Script_F: "Now I would like to ask a few questions about your religious practices."

F4 What religion are you? No religion 0 → Sect G Catholic 1 [If Muslim: ask if Quadiriya or Sukutu] Quadiriya muslim 2 [If Christian: ask what denomination] Sukutu muslim 3 "Just muslim" 4 CCAP 5 Church of Christ 6 Baptist 7 Anglican 8 Pentecostal/Charismatic 9 Seventh Day Adventist 10 Jehovah's Witness 11 Indigenous Christian 12 Indigenous non-Christian 13 "Just Christian" 14 Other______15

F5 When was the last time you attended religious Never 0 → F7 services at a church or mosque? 6 months ago or more 1 → F7 2-5 months ago 2 → F7 In the last month 3 In the last week 4 Today 5

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F6 [Christian only:] In the last month, how regularly Once 1 did you attend religious services? Less than once a week 2 Once a week 3 ALL 2-3 times per week 4 → F8 Everyday 5

F7 [Muslim only:] During Ramadan this past year NO 0 did you eat or drink during daylight? YES 1

F8 In the previous week, how often did you pray Not at all 0 during the day? Once 1 A few times 2 Once a day 3 A few times per day 4 5 times per day, everyday 5

F9 [Respondent attending school:] In the previous school week, how often did you attend [Madrassa/bible study] Never 0 after school? Some days 1 [Respondent NOT attending school:] Everyday 2 In the previous week, Monday through Friday, how often did you attend [Madrassa/bible study]?

F10 Do you attend [Madrassa/bible study] NO 0 on the weekends? YES 1

F11 What other religious activities have you done in the last month? NO YES [Read list] A Choir 0 1 B Youth group 0 1 C Bible/Koran study 0 1 D Prayer meeting 0 1 E Visiting the sick 0 1 F Revival meetings 0 1 G Evangelical work 0 1 H Islamic School/Madrassa 0 1 I Night prayers 0 1 J Other ______0 1

[If Muslim, ask:] Have you made Tauba? NO 0 F12 [If Christian, ask:] Are you a born again Christian? YES 1

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SECTION G: EDUCATION HISTORY AND CURRENT SCHOOLING NO QUESTION RESPONSE SKIP Script_G: "Now I would like to ask you some things about your schooling."

[School attendance: 2nd term, current school year] G00a Did you ever attend school during the NO 0 2nd term of the current school year? YES 1 → G00b

G00aa What are the reasons that MARRIAGE/BIRTH you did not attend the Marriage 1 [___] 2nd term of the current Pregnancy 2 [___] school year? Has baby/Nursing baby 3 [___] SCHOOL ISSUES [Do not read list; Finished primary school 4 [___] check all mentioned] Not selected/accepted to secondary school 5 [___] Not doing well at school 6 [___] [If the respondent provides Don't like school 7 [___] more than one response, Problems with/afraid of other students 8 [___] ask:] Problems with/afraid of teacher 9 [___] Which of these is the most Travel/Distance to school 10 [___] important reason? Rather do something else 11 [___] Parents/Guardian don't want me to go to school 12 [___] [Circle the most FINANCIAL/WORK important reason] Financial/Costs 13 [___] No money for development funds 14 [___] Need to work at home/fields 15 [___] Need to work/earn money 16 [___] ILLNESS/DEATH Adolescent sick/ill 17 [___] Illness: Parent/Guardian 18 [___] Illness: Other HH member 19 [___] ALL Death: Parent/Guardian 20 [___] → G0a Death: Other HH member 21 [___] HOUSEHOLD ISSUES Biological parents: Separated/divorced 22 [___] Need to look after brothers/sisters 23 [___] Hunger 24 [___] Other______25 [___] Don't know 88 [___]

G00b What is the name of the [Record name of school:] school you attended during the 2nd term of the current school year? [Check reference-sheet: school attended last interview, circle:] School is the same as reference-sheet 0 School is different than reference-sheet 1

G00b1 Is this a primary or a secondary school? Primary school 1 Secondary school 2 → G00d

G00c What standard did you attend in the 2nd term STANDARD: [___|___] → G00e of the current school year?

G00d What form did you attend in the 2nd term FORM: [___|___] of the current school year?

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G00e During the 2nd term of the current school year, Day student 1 were you a day student or a boarder at school, Boarder at school 2 or a boarder somewhere else? Boarder somewhere else 3

G00f Did you regularly attend the full 2nd term NO 0 of the current school year? YES 1

G00g Did you pass your exams at the end NO 0 of the 2nd term of the current school year? YES 1 Did not sit for exams 66 Results are not out yet 77

[School attendance: 1st term, current school year] G0a Did you ever attend school during the NO 0 1st term of the current school year? YES 1 → G0b

G0aa What are the reasons that MARRIAGE/BIRTH you did not attend the Marriage 1 [___] 1st term of the current Pregnancy 2 [___] school year? Has baby/Nursing baby 3 [___] SCHOOL ISSUES [Do not read list; Finished primary school 4 [___] check all mentioned] Not selected/accepted to secondary school 5 [___] Not doing well at school 6 [___] [If the respondent provides Don't like school 7 [___] more than one response, Problems with/afraid of other students 8 [___] ask:] Problems with/afraid of teacher 9 [___] Which of these is the most Travel/Distance to school 10 [___] important reason? Rather do something else 11 [___] Parents/Guardian don't want me to go to school 12 [___] [Circle the most FINANCIAL/WORK important reason] Financial/Costs 13 [___] No money for development funds 14 [___] Need to work at home/fields 15 [___] Need to work/earn money 16 [___] ILLNESS/DEATH Adolescent sick/ill 17 [___] Illness: Parent/Guardian 18 [___] Illness: Other HH member 19 [___] ALL Death: Parent/Guardian 20 [___] → G1a Death: Other HH member 21 [___] HOUSEHOLD ISSUES Biological parents: Separated/divorced 22 [___] Need to look after brothers/sisters 23 [___] Hunger 24 [___] Other______25 [___] Don't know 88 [___]

G0b What is the name of the [Record name of school:] school you attended during the 1st term of the current school year? [Check reference-sheet: school attended last interview, circle:] School is the same as reference-sheet 0 School is different than reference-sheet 1

G0b1 Is this a primary or a secondary school? Primary school 1 Secondary school 2 → G0d

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G0c What standard did you attend in the 1st term STANDARD: [___|___] → G0e of the current school year?

G0d What form did you attend in the 1st term FORM: [___|___] of the current school year?

G0e During the 1st term of the current school year, Day student 1 were you a day student or a boarder at school, Boarder at school 2 or a boarder somewhere else? Boarder somewhere else 3

G0f Did you regularly attend the full 1st term NO 0 of the current school year? YES 1

G0g Did you pass your exams at the end NO 0 of the 1st term of the current school year? YES 1 Did not sit for exams 66

[School attendance: 3rd term, previous school year] G1a Did you ever attend school during the NO 0 3rd term of the previous school year? YES 1 → G1b

G1aa What are the reasons that MARRIAGE/BIRTH you did not attend the Marriage 1 [___] 3rd term of the previous Pregnancy 2 [___] school year? Has baby/Nursing baby 3 [___] SCHOOL ISSUES [Do not read list; Finished primary school 4 [___] check all mentioned] Not selected/accepted to secondary school 5 [___] Not doing well at school 6 [___] [If the respondent provides Don't like school 7 [___] more than one response, Problems with/afraid of other students 8 [___] ask:] Problems with/afraid of teacher 9 [___] Which of these is the most Travel/Distance to school 10 [___] important reason? Rather do something else 11 [___] Parents/Guardian don't want me to go to school 12 [___] [Circle the most FINANCIAL/WORK important reason] Financial/Costs 13 [___] No money for development funds 14 [___] Need to work at home/fields 15 [___] Need to work/earn money 16 [___] ILLNESS/DEATH Adolescent sick/ill 17 [___] Illness: Parent/Guardian 18 [___] Illness: Other HH member 19 [___] ALL Death: Parent/Guardian 20 [___] → G3 Death: Other HH member 21 [___] HOUSEHOLD ISSUES Biological parents: Separated/divorced 22 [___] Need to look after brothers/sisters 23 [___] Hunger 24 [___] Other______25 [___] Don't know 88 [___]

[Record name of school:] G1b What is the name of the school you attended during the 3rd term of the previous [Check reference-sheet: school attended last interview, circle:] school year? School is the same as reference-sheet 0 School is different than reference-sheet 1

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G1b1 Is this a primary or a secondary school? Primary school 1 Secondary school 2 → G1d

G1c What standard did you attend in the 3rd term STANDARD: [___|___] → G1e of the previous school year?

G1d What form did you attend in the 3rd term FORM: [___|___] of the previous school year?

G1e During the 3rd term of the previous school year, Day student 1 were you a day student or a boarder at school, Boarder at school 2 or a boarder somewhere else? Boarder somewhere else 3

G1f Did you regularly attend the full 3rd term NO 0 of the previous school year? YES 1

G1g Did you pass your exams at the end NO 0 of the 3rd term of the previous school year? YES 1 Did not sit for exams 66

[Respondent NOT currently attending school → Secon L] G3 How long did it take you to get [If less than 1 hour: HOURS: [___|___] to school today/the last day you record 0 hours and went to school? record the minutes] MINUTES: [___|___] Don't know 88

G3a How did you get to school today/the By foot/walk 1 last day you went to school? Own bicycle/Household bicycle 2 Bicycle-taxi 3 Bus/Minibus/Other public transport 4 Private vehicle 5 Other ______6

G4 Do you have …? NO YES [Read list] School uniform 0 1 Shoes for school 0 1 Own bag for books 0 1 Own pens/pencils 0 1 Exercise/work book 0 1 All of your textbooks 0 1

G5 From where you sit in your classroom, are you able to? NO YES [Read list] Hear the teacher clearly 0 1 See the blackboard clearly 0 1 Write comfortably 0 1

G6 What do you sit on during class? Floor: ground 0 Floor: cement 1 Bench/Form 2 Chair with desk 3 Chair 4 Other ______5

G7 In your opinion, is the school toilet private NO 0 enough so that no one can see who is inside? YES 1 No toilets at school 77 Don't know 88

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G8 Do you have a desk or a table to write on NO 0 in your classroom? YES 1

G10 During the 3rd term of the previous school year, NO 0 did you attend extra lessons organized by your YES 1 school? School not organized extra lessons 66 Did not attend school in 3rd term 77

G11 During this school year, have you had private NO 0 → G28 tutoring? YES 1

G12 Where did these lessons take place? NO YES [Read list] At school 0 1 At teacher's home 0 1 Own home 0 1 Elsewhere 0 1

G13 Who provided the tutoring lessons? Was it …? NO YES [Read list] Own Teacher 0 1 Another teacher at this school 0 1 Teacher from another school 0 1 Another adult 0 1 Student in a higher standard 0 1 Student in the same standard 0 1 Other______0 1

Script_G28: "Now I would like to ask you some questions about your school attendance.”

G28 During this school year, have you ever missed NO 0 → G35 a day of school? YES 1

G29 What were the reasons that you Respondent sick/ill A [___] have been absent? Younger brother/sister sick B [___] Other household member sick C [___] [do not read list; Market day D [___] check all mentioned] Needed to work at home E [___] Needed to run errands for parents F [___] Clothes/uniform dirty G [___] Problem with/afraid of other students H [___] Problem with/afraid of teacher I [___] Menstruation J [___] Rather do something else K [___] Went to see/was with boy/girlfriend (chibwenzi) L [___] Needed to watch brothers/sisters M [___] Other______N [___] Funeral O [___] No money for development funds/school costs P [___] Hunger Q [___]

G30 Did you attend school yesterday/last NO 0 school day? YES 1 → G32a

G31 How many days in a row were you [Do NOT include SCHOOL DAYS: [___|___] absent, starting from the last school weekend days or day you missed? holidays] Sindikudziwa 88

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G32 What were the reasons that you Respondent sick/ill A [___] have been absent? Younger brother/sister sick B [___] Other household member sick C [___] [do not read list; Market day D [___] check all mentioned] Needed to work at home E [___] Needed to run errands for parents F [___] Clothes/uniform dirty G [___] Problem with/afraid of other students H [___] Problem with/afraid of teacher I [___] Menstruation J [___] Rather do something else K [___] Went to see/was with boy/girlfriend (chibwenzi) L [___] Needed to watch brothers/sisters M [___] Other______N [___] Funeral O [___] No money for development funds/school costs P [___] Hunger Q [___]

[Females only; Males → G33] G32a [Females:] The last time you had your menstrual NO 0 → G33a period, did you miss any days of school? YES 1 Never menstruated 2 → G33a

G32b [Females:] The last time you had your menstrual SCHOOL DAYS: [___|___] period, how many days of school did you miss? Don't know 88

G33a In the previous school week, how many days SCHOOL DAYS: [____] was your school on session? [max = 5 days]

G33b In the previous school week, how many days SCHOOL DAYS: [____] did you attend school? [max = 5 days]

G34a In the school week before that, how many days SCHOOL DAYS: [____] was your school on session? [max = 5 days]

G34b In the school week before that, how many days SCHOOL DAYS: [____] did you attend school? [max = 5 days]

G35 [Studying/Homework] No homework assigned 0 On the last day you attended school prior to Less than 30 minutes 1 today, about how much time did you spend 30 minutes to 1 hour 2 studying/doing school work at home? Between 1 and 2 hours 3 2 hours or more 4 Don't know 88

a.In the previous school week, did you use textbooks a. b. G36 in class for the following subjects? [If yes, ask:] Used textbooks? Shared textbooks b. Did you share the book with other pupils? with other pupils? [Read list] NO YES NO YES Chichewa 0 1 0 1 English 0 1 0 1 Life Skills 0 1 0 1 Mathematics 0 1 0 1

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SECTION H: CLASSROOM PRACTICES AND EXPERIENCES

Script_H: “Now we would like to ask you about your experiences in the classroom. For these questions we want you to think about your experience in the previous school week."

NO QUESTION RESPONSE SKIP H1 How often does your teacher encourage pupils to Never 0 express their opinions in class? Some days 1 [Read response options one time through] Everyday 2

H2 How often does your teacher encourage pupils to Never 0 have discussions in class? Some days 1 Everyday 2

H3 How often does your teacher encourage pupils to Never 0 work together on class assignments? Some days 1 Everyday 2

H4 How often does your teacher work individually with pupils Never 0 to help them with their lessons and assignments? Some days 1 Everyday 2

H5 How often does your teacher assign homework? Never 0 Some days 1 Everyday 2

H6 How often does your teacher praise pupils when they Never 0 do well in class? Some days 1 Everyday 2

H7 How often does your teacher scold pupils when they Never 0 do not understand their lessons? Some days 1 Everyday 2

H8 How often does your teacher tease or mock pupils Never 0 based on their intelligence? Some days 1 Everyday 2

H9 How often does your teacher tease or mock pupils Never 0 based on their appearance or general cleanliness? Some days 1 Everyday 2

H10 If some of the class does not understand something, Never 0 how often does the teacher call on other pupils Some days 1 to help explain it to the class? Everyday 2

SECTION I: HOUSEHOLD SUPPORT OF STUDENTS' SCHOOLING NO QUESTION RESPONSE SKIP I1 During the current school year, has anyone in your household NO 0 discouraged or prevented you from attending school? YES 1

I2 During the current school year, has anyone in your household NO 0 helped you with your schoolwork or lessons? YES 1

I3 During the current school year, has anyone in your household NO 0 talked to your teacher about your performance in school? YES 1

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I4 During the current school year, has anyone in your household NO 0 been a member of the school committee or attended PTA meetings? YES 1

SECTION J: SCHOOLING ENGAGEMENT AND ATTACHMENT

Script_J: "Now we would like to ask you about your participation and interest in school. For these questions we would like you to tell us if you disagree or agree with the following statements." NO QUESTION RESPONSE SKIP J1 You do not attend school regularly. Do you: (E-) Disagree 1 [J1-J8: read options 1 and 2 ONLY] Agree 2 No opinion/Don't know 88

J2 You are attentive in class. Do you: (E+) Disagree 1 Agree 2 No opinion/Don't know 88

J3 You rarely complete the tasks that are assigned Disagree 1 to you in class. Do you: (E-) Agree 2 No opinion/Don't know 88

J4 Education is not important to you. Do you: (A-) Disagree 1 Agree 2 No opinion/Don't know 88

J5 You respect your teachers. Do you: (A+) Disagree 1 Agree 2 No opinion/Don't know 88

J6 There is no adult at school whom you can talk to Disagree 1 if you have a problem. Do you: (A-) Agree 2 No opinion/Don't know 88

J7 You study at home even if you do not have an Disagree 1 exam. Do you: (E+) Agree 2 No opinion/Don't know 88

J8 Your teacher would not notice if you were absent Disagree 1 from school. Do you: (A-) Agree 2 No opinion/Don't know 88

SECTION K: SELF ESTEEM AND SCHOOLING COMPETENCE NO QUESTION RESPONSE SKIP K1 You have the talent to learn your lessons well. Disagree 1 Do you: (+) Agree 2 [K1-K3: read options 1 and 2 ONLY] No opinion/Don't know 88

K2 You often do not understand the lessons in class. Disagree 1 Do you: (-) Agree 2 No opinion/Don't know 88

K3 It is difficult for you to complete your schoolwork. Disagree 1 Do you: (-) Agree 2 No opinion/Don't know 88

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SECTION L: SELF ESTEEM AND CONFIDENCE NO QUESTION RESPONSE SKIP L1 You are as good at doing many things as others Disagree 1 of your age. Do you: (-) Agree 2 [L1-L4: read options 1 and 2 ONLY] No opinion/Don't know 88

L2 Your opinion is valued in your household. Disagree 1 Do you: (+) Agree 2 No opinion/Don't know 88

L3 People think that you have a lot of good qualities. Disagree 1 Do you: (+) Agree 2 No opinion/Don't know 88

L4 You cannot handle or succeed in many things Disagree 1 that you do. Do you: (-) Agree 2 No opinion/Don't know 88

L5 What is success in school most determined by? Talent 1 Talent, luck, or hard work? (-) Luck 2 Hard work 3 Combination 4 No opinion/Don't know 8

SECTION M: GENERAL GENDER ATTITUDES

Script_M1: "For the next few statements we want you to honestly tell us how well boys and girls perform in school. For each subject, tell us whether you think boys are better in the subject than girls, girls are better in the subject than boys, or you think boys and girls are equally good at these subjects." NO QUESTION RESPONSE SKIP M1 In learning English, do you think that: Boys are better than girls 1 Girls are better than boys 2 [Read options 1-3 ONLY] Boys and girls are equally good 3 No opinion/Don't know 88

M2 In learning Mathematics, do you think Boys are better than girls 1 that: Girls are better than boys 2 [Read options 1-3 ONLY] Boys and girls are equally good 3 No opinion/Don't know 88

M3 In learning Chichewa, do you think that: Boys are better than girls 1 Girls are better than boys 2 [Read options 1-3 ONLY] Boys and girls are equally good 3 No opinion/Don't know 88

M4 In Life Skills education, do you think No life skills education given 0 that: Boys are better than girls 1 [Read options 1-3 ONLY] Girls are better than boys 2 Boys and girls are equally good 3 No opinion/Don't know 88

Script_M5: "Do you disagree or agree with the following statements?"

M5 It is as important for girls to complete secondary Disagree 1 school as it is for boys. Do you: (+) Agree 2 [M5-M9: read options 1 and 2 ONLY] No opinion/Don't know 88

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M6 When a family cannot afford to send all children Disagree 1 to school, it is better to send boys than girls. Agree 2 Do you: (-) No opinion/Don't know 88

M7 When a husband and wife disagree about the Disagree 1 number of children to have, the husband's Agree 2 opinion matters more. Do you: No opinion/Don't know 88

M8 A girl should get married when she finds an Disagree 1 appropriate spouse, even if she is still in school. Agree 2 Do you: (-) No opinion/Don't know 88

M9 Girls are as intelligent as boys. Do you: (+) Disagree 1 Agree 2 No opinion/Don't know 88

M10 Sometimes a husband is annoyed or angered by things that his wife does. In your opinion, is a husband justified in hitting or beating his wife in the following situations? [Read list] NO YES DK If she goes out without telling him 0 1 88 If she neglects the children 0 1 88 If she argues with him 0 1 88 If she refuses to have sex with him 0 1 88 If she burns the food 0 1 88 If she has an extra marital affair 0 1 88

SECTION N: GENDER EQUITY EXPERIENCES IN SCHOOL NO QUESTION RESPONSE SKIP [Respondent NOT currently attending school → Secon P; else ask:] N1 Who receives more positive comments No positive comments made 0 from your teacher: boys, girls, or do Boys 1 they receive about the same amount? Girls 2 About the same 3 Don't know 88

N2 Who receives more negative comments No negative comments made 0 from your teacher: boys, girls, or do Boys 1 they receive about the same amount? Girls 2 About the same 3 Don't know 88

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SECTION O: SCHOOL CHORES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

Script_O1: "Now I would like to ask about work or other responsibilities that you may have at school."

O1 Sometimes students help Work at School NO YES out or are required to work A Swept the school ground 0 1 at school. B Cleaned classrooms 0 1 In the last week, have you C Cleaned bathrooms/latrines 0 1 done any of the following D Cleaned the blackboard 0 1 chores or work at school? E Fetched water 0 1 Have you …? F Gardened or farmed fields for school 0 1 [Read list A-I individually] G Tutored/helped other students 0 1 H Dug latrines/tree stumps/slashing/etc. 0 1 I Other______0 1

O3 O4 O5 O6 O7

[List How many The last time you The last time you Was this [chore] each days last did [chore], how did [chore], when a punishment? "YES" week have much time did you did you do it? in O1] you done spend doing it? [max=10] [chore]? [Read responses]

[If less than 1 hour: 1 = Before classes NO = 0 record 0 hours and 2 = During classes YES = 1 record the minutes] 3 = After school DK = 88 LETTER DAYS DK = 88 4 = At weekend [max = 7] 5 = Breaktime

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SECTION P: HOUSEHOLD LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT NO QUESTION RESPONSE SKIP Script_P1: "I would like to ask you about some activities that people do to help their families or to support themselves."

P1 Yesterday, how much time did you [If less than 1 hour: HOURS: [___|___] spend doing household chores, such as record 0 hours and cooking, cleaning, laundry, collecting record the minutes] MINUTES: [___|___] firewood, water? No chores done 0

P2 Excluding household chores, are you currently working without NO 0 receiving pay, or for kwacha or some other form of payment? YES 1 → Script_P4a

P3 In the past 12 months, excluding household chores, NO 0 → Sect Q did you ever work without receiving pay, or for kwacha YES 1 → Script_P4b or some other form of payment?

[Respondent currently working:] Script_P4a: "Now I would like to ask you some quesons about the diﬀerent types of work ―unpaid, for kwacha or some other form of payment― that you might have done in the past 12 months, starting with the work you are currently doing." [Respondent NOT currently working:] Script_P4b: "Now I would like to ask you some quesons about the diﬀerent types of work ―unpaid, for kwacha or some other form of payment― that you might have done in the past 12 months, starting with the last work that you did."

[Complete questions P4-P19 for EACH work/job done in the past 12 months, starting with the current or most recent one. If more than 3, record here [___|___] the total number of work/jobs done in the past 12 months and ask P4-P19 only about the 3 more recent.]

1st job/work 2nd job/work 3rd job/work

P4 What type of work Subsistence farming 1 1 1 [are/were] you doing? Commercial farming 2 2 2 Animal husbandry 3 3 3 [Circle only one Salaried employment 4 4 4 type of work in Temporary: kwacha or in kind/ganyu 5 5 5 each column] Skilled artisan 6 6 6 Market vendor/sellers 7 7 7 Domestic/cook/garden worker 8 8 8 Other 9 9 9

(Specify other) ______

______

P5 In what month and year did Month start work [___|___] [___|___] [___|___] you start doing this type of Year start work [___|___] [___|___] [___|___] work? Don't know 88 88 88

P6 Do/did you do this work for Work for family 1 1 1 a member of your family, for Work for someone else 2 2 2 someone else, or are you Self-employed 3 3 3 self-employed?

P7 Is/was this work seasonal, Seasonal work 1 1 1 throughout the year, or does Throughout the year 2 2 2 it depend on the work-load? Depends work-load 3 3 3 Don't know 88 88 88

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P8 How many months did you do Number of months [___|___] [___|___] [___|___] this work on the past year? Less than 1 month 0 0 0 Don't know 88 88 88

P9 How many days in the week Number of days [____] [____] [____] do/did you do this work, Don't know 88 88 88 on average?

P10 How many hours a day Number of hours [___|___] [___|___] [___|___] do/did you do this work, Don't know 88 88 88 on average?

P11 Are/were you paid in kwacha NO 0 0 0 → P15 for doing this work? YES 1 1 1

P12 How much are/were you paid Kwacha [______] [______] [______] in kwacha for doing this work? Don't know 88 88 88

P13 Are/were you paid daily, Daily 1 1 1 weekly, monthly, or on what Weekly 2 2 2 basis? Every two weeks 3 3 3 Monthly 4 4 4 Seasonal 5 5 5 Other 6 6 6 (Specify other) ______Don't know 88 88 88

P14 Are/were you paid on time Always 0 0 0 always, sometimes, never? Sometimes 1 1 1 Never 2 2 2 Don't know 88 88 88

P15 Are/were you paid in-kind NO 0 0 0 → P17 for doing this work? YES 1 1 1

P16 On a daily basis, how much would you say the in-kind pay Kwacha [______] [______] [______] you receive/received for your Don't know 88 88 88 work is worth in kwacha?

P17 Did you ever spend a night NO 0 0 0 → P19 away from your village/area YES 1 1 1 because of this work?

P18 How long did this work keep you Days [___|___] [___|___] [___|___] away from your village/area Weeks [___|___] [___|___] [___|___] during the past 12 months? Months [___|___] [___|___] [___|___] Don't know 88 88 88

P19 In what month and year did Month stop work [___|___] [___|___] [___|___] you stop doing this type of Year stop work [___|___] [___|___] [___|___] work? Still doing this work 0 0 0 Don't know 88 88 88

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SECTION Q: MARRIAGE AND THE MARRIAGE PROCESS NO QUESTION RESPONSE SKIP Script_Q: "Now I would like to ask some questions about marriage..."

Q0 [Insert last interview date from cover sheet:] Month ______Year ______[Check marital status from cover sheet:] Never married [___] → Q1a Married/Living together [___] → Q1b Separated [___] → Q1c Divorced [___] → Q1c Widowed [___] → Q1d [Respondent was 'never married' at last intervew:] Q1a Last time you were interviewed on [last interview date] you had never been married or living together with someone as if married. Have you married or lived together with someone as if married since then? NO 0 → Sect BH YES 1 Q1a1 Are you still married or living with someone as if married, or are you now separated, divorced or widowed? Still married/living together 1 Separated 2 ALL Divorced 3 → Q2 Widowed 4 [Respondent was 'married/living together' at last intervew:] Q1b Last time you were interviewed on [last interview date] you were married or living together with someone as if married. Are you still married to/living together with the same person? NO 0 YES 1 → Q2 Q1b1 What is your current marital status? Are you now …? [Read list] Married to/living together with someone else 1 Separated 2 ALL Divorced 3 → Q2 Widowed 4 [Respondent was 'separated / divorced' at last intervew:] Q1c Last time you were interviewed on [last interview date] you were separated/divorced. What is your current marital status? Are you now …? [Read list] Still separated 1 Still divorced/Got divorced 2 Widowed 3 ALL Married to/living together with someone else 4 → Q2 Married to/living together with same person was separated/divorced from 5

[Respondent was 'widowed' at last intervew:] Q1d Last time you were interviewed on [last interview date] you were widowed. Since then did you marry or begin to live together with someone as if married? NO 0 → Q2 YES 1 Q1d1 What is your current marital status? Are you now …? [Read list] Married/living together 1 Separated 2 Divorced 3 Widowed 4

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Q2 Now, I would like you to think back to all of your relationships. How many times have you been married Number of times: [____] or lived with someone as if married?

Script_Q4: "Now I would like to ask you some questions about your marriage(s) or the time(s) you lived together with someone as if married, starting with the first person you ever married/lived with."

1st marriage 2nd marriage 3rd marriage

Q3 Name of spouse or partner: ______

Q4 What age were you when you first AGE [___|___] [___|___] [___|___] married [name]? Don't know 88 88 88

Q5 What age were you when you first AGE [___|___] [___|___] [___|___] started living with [name]? Don't know 88 88 88

Q6 Compared to your age, Younger than you 1 1 1 how old is [name]? About the same age 2 2 2 1-4 years older 3 3 3 5-9 years older 4 4 4 10 or more years older 5 5 5 Don't know 88 88 88

Q7 What is [name] level No school 0 0 0 of schooling? Some primary 1 1 1 Completed primary 2 2 2 Some secondary 3 3 3 Completed secondary 4 4 4 Tertiary 5 5 5 Don't know 88 88 88

Q8 Females: Did [name] or his family promise to make a NO 0 0 0 → Q11 payment to your family when YES 1 1 1 you got married? Don't know 88 88 88 → Q11

Males: Did you or your family promise to make a payment to [name] when you got married?

Q9 How much was promised Kwacha [______] [______] [______] in total? Cattle [______] [______] [______] [Read list] Goats [______] [______] [______] Poultry [______] [______] [______] Other [______] [______] [______] (Specify other) ______

Q10 How much has been paid None 0 0 0 so far? Some 1 1 1 Most 2 2 2 All 3 3 3

Q11 Was the mediation of ankhoswe NO 0 0 0 involved in your marriage with YES 1 1 1 [name]?

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Q12 Was [name] chosen for you, Chose each other 0 0 0 or did you choose each other? Chosen by someone else 1 1 1

Q13 Are you still married/living NO 0 0 0 together as if married with YES 1 1 1 → Q16 [name]?

Q14 Did you separate or become Separated 1 1 1 divorced or widowed from Divorced 2 2 2 [name]? Widowed 3 3 3

Q15 What age were you when [name] AGE [___|___] [___|___] [___|___] ALL widowed/separated/divorced Don't know 88 88 88 → Sec BH you?

Q16 Does [name] reside in the NO 0 0 0 → Q19 household in which you live? YES 1 1 1

Q17 Does [name] ever spend the NO 0 0 0 → Q19 night away from your village/area YES 1 1 1 because of work? Don't know 88 88 88 → Q19

Q18 How long did this work keep Days [___|___] [___|___] [___|___] [name] away from your village/ Weeks [___|___] [___|___] [___|___] area during the past year? Months [___|___] [___|___] [___|___] Don't know 88 88 88

Q19 Females only: Does [name] NO 0 0 0 → Sec BH have other wives? YES 1 1 1 Don't know 88 88 88 → Sec BH

Q20 Females only: In total, how many Number of wives [___|___] [___|___] [___|___] other wives does [name] have? Don't know 88 88 88

SECTION BH: RESPONDENT’S BIRTH HISTORY NO QUESTION RESPONSE SKIP Script_BH1: "Now I would like to ask you a few questions about any children you may have had."

BH1 Females: Have you ever given birth? NO 0 → Sect R Males: Has a girl ever given birth to a child YES 1 that was yours? Males only: Don't know 88 → Sect R

BH2 Females: How many times have you given birth? Males: How many times has a girl given birth to a TIMES: [____] child that was yours that you know of?

Females: Script_BH3 "Now I would like to ask you some questions about each of these births. Let’s start with the very first time you gave birth." Males: Script_BH3: "Now I would like to ask you some questions about each of these births. Let’s start with the very first time a girl gave birth to a child that was yours."

[Check number of births in BH2: write the name of each child in BH3 and then complete questions BH4 to BH31 for each birth. If number of births in BH2 is more than 3, record the responses on the notes sheet at the end of the questionnaire]

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1st birth 2nd birth 3rd birth

BH3 First name of child: ______

BH4 Is [name] male or female? Male 1 1 1 Female 2 2 2 Don't know 88 88 88

BH5 In what month and year Born: Month [___|___] [___|___] [___|___] was [name] born? Born: Year [___|___] [___|___] [___|___] Don't know 88 88 88

BH6 Did you receive any antenatal NO 0 0 0 → BH9 care prior to [name]’s birth? YES 1 1 1 Don't know 88 88 88 → BH9

BH7 Who provided the antenatal Doctor 1 1 1 care before [name]’s birth? Clinical officer 1 1 1 [Probe:] "Was there Nurse/Midwife 1 1 1 anybody else?" Traditional birth attend (TBA) 1 1 1 Health surv. assist. (HSA) 1 1 1 [Circle all mentioned, Other 1 1 1 cross if not mentioned] (Specify other) ______Don't know 88 88 88

BH8 How many times did you get One time 1 1 1 antenatal care before [name] Two times 2 2 2 was born? Three or more times 3 3 3 Don't know 88 88 88

BH9 Where did you give birth to Hospital 1 1 1 [name]? Health centre 2 2 2 In a home 3 3 3 Other 4 4 4 (Specify other) ______Males only: Don't know 88 88 88

BH10 Did anyone assist with No/Unassisted 1 1 1 [name]'s birth? Doctor 1 1 1 Nurse/Midwife 1 1 1 [Circle all mentioned, Traditional birth attend (TBA) 1 1 1 cross if not mentioned] Health surv. assist. (HSA) 1 1 1 Friend/Relative 1 1 1 Other 1 1 1 (Specify other) ______Males only: Don't know 88 88 88

BH11 How much did [name] Kilograms [___.___] [___.___] [___.___] weigh at birth? Don't know 88 88 88

BH11a What size was [name] at birth Very large 1 1 1 compared to other children Larger than average 2 2 2 born in your village? Average 3 3 3 [Read response options 1-5] Smaller than average 4 4 4 Very small 5 5 5 Don't know 88 88 88

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BH12 Was [name] ever breastfed? NO 0 0 0 → BH15 YES 1 1 1 Males only: Don't know 88 88 88 → BH15

BH13 How many months was MONTHS [___|___] [___|___] [___|___] [name] breastfed? Less than 1 month 0 0 0 Still breastfeeding 77 77 77 Don't know 88 88 88

BH14 How many months after birth MONTHS [___|___] [___|___] [___|___] did [name] first get food/drink Less than 1 month 0 0 0 other than breastmilk? Never or not yet 77 77 77 Don't know 88 88 88

BH15 Is [name] still alive? AYI 0 0 0 INDE 1 1 1 → BH17 Sindikudziwa 88 88 88 → Sect R

BH16 How old was [name] when YEARS [___|___] [___|___] [___|___] s/he died? [If less than 1 year:] ALL MONTHS [___|___] [___|___] [___|___] → BH22 Less than 1 month 0 0 0 Sindikudziwa 88 88 88

BH17 How old is [name] now? YEARS [___|___] [___|___] [___|___] [If less than 1 year:] MONTHS [___|___] [___|___] [___|___] Less than 1 month 0 0 0 Sindikudziwa 88 88 88

BH18 Does [name] usually live NO 0 0 0 → Sect R with you? YES 1 1 1

BH19 Females: Does [name]'s NO 0 0 0 father live with you? YES 1 1 1

BH20 In the last two weeks, has Diarrhea 1 1 1 [name] had …? [Read list] Fever 1 1 1 [Circle all mentioned, Cough/difficulty breathing/ARI 1 1 1 cross if not mentioned] Don't know 88 88 88 → BH22

[If NONE circled in BH20 → BH22] BH21 When [name] was sick, did No treatment 1 1 1 you get him/her treatment? Hospital 1 1 1 [If yes:] Where did you go? Health centre 1 1 1 Traditional healer 1 1 1 Health surv. assist. (HSA) 1 1 1 [Circle all mentioned, Other 1 1 1 cross if not mentioned] (Specify other) ______Don't know 88 88 88

BH22 Do you have a card/health NO 0 0 0 passport where [name]'s YES 1 1 1 vaccinations are written Don't know 88 88 88 down?

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[If card/health passport is available, copy information for BH23-BH31. If card/health passport is unavailable, ask respondent about each vaccination:] "Has [name] received any of the following vaccinations?" BH23 BCG for TB (at birth) NO 0 0 0 YES 1 1 1 Don't know 88 88 88 BH24 Polio 0 (at birth) NO 0 0 0 YES 1 1 1 Don't know 88 88 88 BH25 Polio 1 (at 6 weeks) NO 0 0 0 YES 1 1 1 Child too young 77 77 77 Don't know 88 88 88 BH26 Polio 2 (at 10 weeks) NO 0 0 0 YES 1 1 1 Child too young 77 77 77 Don't know 88 88 88 BH27 Polio 3 (at 14 weeks) NO 0 0 0 YES 1 1 1 Child too young 77 77 77 Don't know 88 88 88 BH28 DPT/Pentavalente 1 (at 6 weeks) NO 0 0 0 YES 1 1 1 Child too young 77 77 77 Don't know 88 88 88 BH29 DPT/Pentavalente 2 (at 10 weeks) NO 0 0 0 YES 1 1 1 Child too young 77 77 77 Don't know 88 88 88 BH30 DPT/Pentavalente 3 (at 14 weeks) NO 0 0 0 YES 1 1 1 Child too young 77 77 77 Don't know 88 88 88 BH31 Measles/MMR (at 9 months) NO 0 0 0 YES 1 1 1 Child too young 77 77 77 Don't know 88 88 88

SECTION R: SOCIAL CAPITAL AND CITIZENSHIP

Script_R1: "Some adolescents belong to community or school groups. Now we would like to know if you belong to any organizations in your community or school." NO QUESTION RESPONSE SKIP R3 Since January 1st 2010, have you participated NO 0 → R5 in any organized sports activities? YES 1

R4 Of the last 7 days, how many days did you DAYS: [____] participate in organized sports activities? [max=7]

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R5 R6 R7 Are you a member of any social groups or clubs? When is the last time you Do you hold an For instance, are you a member of …? attended this club? office/leadership position in this club?

Within last 7 Within the More than 1 [Read list; if 'yes' ask R6 and R7] NO YES days last month month ago NO YES A Gender club/Fawema 0 1 1 2 3 0 1 B Child rights/Human rights 0 1 1 2 30 1 HIV/AIDS (TOTO)/Health life skills/Guidance C 0 1 1 2 3 0 1 and counseling club D Girls guides/Boy scouts 0 1 1 2 3 0 1 E Sports club 0 1 1 2 3 0 1 F Drama or dancing group 0 1 1 2 3 0 1 G Church group/Muslim group 0 1 1 2 3 0 1 H Debate/wildlife/chess 0 1 1 2 3 0 1 I Any other ______0 1 1 2 3 0 1

[R9-R12: First ask all questions for "Males" and record answer in MALES column. At end of section, return to ask all questions for "Females" and record answer in FEMALES column.]

Script_R9: "Now we want to ask about your friends and how often that you see them."

MALES FEMALES

R9 How many friends do you have who are [___|___] [___|___] [males/females]?

R10 How many of these [males/females] are currently [___|___] [___|___] attending school?

[Respondent NOT currently attending school → Secon Z, else ask:] R11 How many of these [males/females] are enrolled [___|___] [___|___] in your school?

R12 In the last week, how many of these [males/females] [___|___] [___|___] did you spend time with outside of school?

SECTION Z: GENDER NORMS & GIRLS AGENCY NO QUESTION RESPONSE SKIP Script_Z1: "I am going to read you a few statements. Please think about your own feelings and tell me if you disagree or agree with the following about yourself."

[Males → Z3, else ask:] Z1 Females: In an intimate relationship, I feel that the sexual Disagree 1 needs and enjoyment of my husband or boyfriend are more Agree 2 important than my own.

Z2 Females: I tell my husband or boyfriend what I honestly think Disagree 1 even when he might disagree. Agree 2 ALL Not apply 9 → Z5

Z3 Males: I think its important for a young man to act like he is Disagree 1 sexually active even if he is not. Agree 2

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Z4 Males : I feel that a man's sexual needs are more important Disagree 1 than a woman's. Agree 2

Z5 A woman is justified in refusing to have sex with her husband Disagree 1 if she is not in the mood or is tired. Agree 2

Z6 A husband should yield to his wife is she wants to use a Disagree 1 condom during sex. Agree 2

Z7 When you have a question for a health care provider, do you NO 1 feel comfortable asking it? YES 2

Z8 In the past year, have you stood up for someone who was NO 0 being treated unfairly? YES 1 Not apply 9

Z9 [Respondent attending school :] Have you ever told your NO 0 parents what your feelings are about continuing school? YES 1

Z10 In the past year, have you borrowed a book to learn more NO 0 about a subject you were interested in? YES 1

Z11 In the past year have you told your parents that you disagreed NO 0 with them about a decision that affected you? YES 1 Not apply 9

[Males → Secon HA, else ask:] Z12 Females : In the past year have you done something against NO 0 your husband's/partner's wishes because you thought it was YES 1 the right decision for you? Not apply 9

SECTION HA: SELF-REPORTED HEALTH AND NUTRITION

UMOYO / HEALTH STATUS

Script_HA1: "Now I would like to ask you a few questions about your health." NO QUESTION RESPONSE SKIP HA1 Overall, how would you rate your health in the past year? [___|___] [Show the respondent the diagram at the start of the section and explain:] [Record closest number “For example, if this end of the line [show #1] means lots of from Umoyo scale] health problems like serious diarrhea and really bad fevers, [min=1, max=10] and this end [show #10] means no health problem at all, where would you place yourself?

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HA2 Overall, how would you rate your health in the past month? [___|___] [Repeat diagram and explanation as in HA1] [Record closest number from Umoyo scale]

HA3 Have you had any health problems in the past month? [Read list] Fever NO=0 YES=1 Night sweat NO=0 YES=1 Rapid weight loss NO=0 YES=1 Recurring diarrhea (>3 days) NO=0 YES=1 Recurring coughing or shortness of breath (>3 days) NO=0 YES=1 Recurring vomiting (>3 days) NO=0 YES=1 Recurring fatigue/weakness (>3 days) NO=0 YES=1

[Respondent NOT currently attending school → HA7, else ask:] HA4 Since the start of the school year, have any of the following things been affected by your health problems? [Read list] Ability to go to school NO=0 YES=1 Ability to concentrate on school NO=0 YES=1 Ability to do well on exams NO=0 YES=1

HA5 Since the start of the school year, have you had more than More than enough 1 enough food to eat, just enough food to eat, or not enough Just enough 2 food to eat? Not enough 3

HA6 Since the start of the school year, have you had a problem Often 1 concentrating in class because of hunger? Sometimes 2 Never 3

HA7 In the past week, have you skipped any meals? NO 0 → Sect HC YES 1

HA8 What meals did you skip? [Read list] Breakfast NO=0 YES=1 Lunch NO=0 YES=1 Dinner NO=0 YES=1

HA9 For each type of meal [HA8], how many days last week [Ask number of days] did you skip that meal? [max=7] Breakfast DAYS: [____] Lunch DAYS: [____] Dinner DAYS: [____]

SECTION HC_1: REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH KNOWLEDGE NO QUESTION RESPONSE SKIP HC1 From one menstrual period to the next, are there NO 0 → HC3 certain days when a woman is more likely to YES 1 become pregnant if she has sexual relations? Don't know 88 → HC3

HC2 When is a woman most likely to become pregnant Just before her period 1 if she has sex? During her period 2 [Read response options] Right after her period has ended 3 Halfway between two periods 4 Other (specify) ______5 Don't know 88

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HC3 Now I would like to talk about family planning – the various ways or methods that a couple can use to delay or avoid a pregnancy.

[First: Circle Code 1 for each method mentioned spontaneously. Second: Proceed down the column, reading the name and description of each method not mentioned spontaneously; circle Code 2 if method recognized after reading description, and Code 3 if not recognized.] What methods have you heard about? Spontaneous Recognized Not [For methods not mentioned spontaneously, ask:] mention after recognized Have you ever heard of [method]? reading a) Pill: Women can take a pill every day to avoid 1 2 3 becoming pregnant b) Injectables: Women can have an injection by a health provider that stops them from becoming 1 2 3 pregnant for one or more months c) Condom: Men can put a rubber sheath on their penis before sexual intercourse 1 2 3

d) Emergency Contraception: Women can take pills up to 72 hours after sexual intercourse to avoid 1 2 3 becoming pregnant

SECTION HC_2: STIs AND HIV/AIDS

HC10 What can a person do Abstain from sex 1 to avoid or reduce their Use condoms 1 chances of gettind AIDS? Limit sex to one partner/stay faithful to one partner 1 [Probe:] “Anything else?" Limit number of sexual partners 1 Avoid sex with prostitutes 1 [Do not read list; Avoid sex with persons who have many partners 1 circle all mentioned Avoid sex with homosexuals 1 spontaneously] Avoid sex with persons who inject drugs intravenously 1 Avoid blood transfusions 1 Avoid sharing razors/blades 1 Avoid kissing 1 Avoid mosquito bites 1 Seek protection from traditional practitioner 1 Other (specify) ______1 Don't know any mode of transmission 88

HC11 Is it possible for a healthy-looking person to have the AIDS NO 0 virus? YES 1 Don't know 88

HC12 During the last 12 months, have you had a disease which you NO 0 got through sexual contact? YES 1 No sexual contact 77 Don't know 88

HC13 Sometime people experience a bad smelling abnormal genital NO 0 discharge. During the last 12 months, have you had a bad YES 1 smelling abnormal genital discharge? Don't know 88

HC14 Sometimes people have a genital sore or ulcer. During the last NO 0 12 months, have you had a genital sore or ulcer? YES 1 Don't know 88

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SECTION HD: HIV/AIDS RISK PERCEPTION NO QUESTION RESPONSE SKIP HD1 How worried are you currently that you might catch A lot 1 HIV/AIDS? Some 2 A little 3 No worry 4 Respondent has HIV/AIDS 5 → HD3 Don't know 88

HD2 Do you think that your chances of getting HIV/AIDS Great 1 (in the future) are great, moderate, small, or that Moderate 2 you have no chance at all? Small 3 No chance 4 Don't know 88

HD3 If we took a group of 10 people from this area, just normal people whom you found working in the fields NUMBER: [___|___] or in homes, how many of them do you think would Don’t' know 88 now have HIV/AIDS?

HD4 If we took a group of 10 people like yourself, for instance people who are your age and live nearby, how NUMBER: [___|___] many of them do you think would now have HIV/AIDS? Don’t' know 88

HD5 Do you personally know someone with HIV/AIDS? NO 0 YES 1

HD6 Do you personally know someone who has died of NO 0 HIV/AIDS? YES 1

HD7 Do you know a place where people can go to get NO 0 tested for HIV? YES 1

HD8 Have you ever been tested for HIV? NO 0 → Time End YES 1

HD9 Since [date last interview], have you been tested for NO 0 → Time End HIV? YES 1

HD10 I am not going to ask you the results, but did you obtain NO 0 the results of your HIV test? YES 1

TIME END [___|___]:[___|___] (24 hour time)

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[Write any notes that you have from the interview here:]

Page 41 of 41 MSAS R4 Adolescent ACASI Questionnaire English Ver. 20May2010 Adol ID [__|__|__|__|__|__]

SECTION S: SCHOOLING EXPERIENCES

SECTION S: ONLY IN-SCHOOL RESPONDENTS S1_Script: “Now we would like to ask you about your experiences in school during this school year.” NO QUESTION RESPONSE SKIP S1 During this school year, do the teachers at your NO 0 school keep an eye on pupils to make sure they are YES 1 not getting into trouble? Don't know 88 S2 During this school year, has your teacher ever been NO 0 → S4 absent from school for an entire day? YES 1 Don't know 88 → S4 S3 In the previous school week, how many days has Number of days [__|__] your teacher been absent from school for an entire [min = 0, max = 5] day? Don't know = 88 S4 The last day you attended school prior to today, did NO 0 your teacher arrive at your first class on time? YES 1 The teacher was absent that day 2 → S7 Don't know 88 S5 The last day you attended school prior to today, did NO 0 you miss any classes because your teacher did not YES 1 hold class? Don't know 88 S6 The last day you attended school prior to today, did NO 0 you miss any classes because your teacher left YES 1 early? Don't know 88

S7_Script: “For the next few questions, I want you to think about this school year only .”

S7 Does your teacher favor certain students in class NO 0 → S9 because of their tribe? YES 1 S8 What tribe does you teacher favor in class? Yao 1 Chewa 2 Lomwe 3 Other 4 S9 Does your teacher favor certain students in class NO 0 → S11 because of their religion? YES 1 S10 What religion does your teacher favor in class? Christian 1 Muslim 2 Other 3 S11 Does your teacher favor certain students in class NO 0 because he or she is a friend to their family? YES 1 S12 Does your teacher favor certain students in class NO 0 → S14 because of their gender? YES 1 S13 What gender does your teacher favor? Boys 1 Girls 2 S14 Does your teacher favor certain students because NO 0 → S16 they are poor or rich? YES 1 S15 Which group is favored? Poorer students 1 Wealthier students 2 Other students 3

S16_Script: “Remember, I want you to think about the current school year only .”

S16 In this school year, has your teacher ever asked you NO 0 for money, gifts or to do something in exchange for YES 1 better treatment or grades? S18 In this school year, has your teacher or another NO 0 teacher at this school ever asked you to come to his YES 1 or her house for a reason other than to perform chores?

1 MSAS R4 Adolescent ACASI Questionnaire English Ver. 20May2010 Adol ID [__|__|__|__|__|__]

S20 In this school year, has your teacher ever come to NO 0 school drunk? YES 1 Don't know 88 S22 In this school year, have other students at this NO 0 school ever come to school drunk? YES 1 Don't know 88 S23 In this school year, have you ever had something NO 0 → S25 stolen from you at school? YES 1 S24 In the previous school week, how many days did you Number of days [__|__] have something stolen from you at school? [min = 0, max = 5] S25 In this school year, have you ever stolen something NO 0 → T1 from someone at this school? YES 1 S26 In the previous school week, how many days did you Number of days [__|__] steal something from someone at this school? [min = 0, max = 5]

SECTION T: DISCIPLINE AND PUNISHMENT

SECTION T: ONLY IN-SCHOOL RESPONDENTS T1_Script: “Aside from chores, now we are going to ask you some questions about how you might have been disciplined by your teacher in this school year.” NO QUESTION RESPONSE SKIP T1 In this school year, to be disciplined, have you ever NO 0 → T3 been sent out of class? YES 1 T2 In the previous school week, how many days were Number of days [__|__] you sent out of class? [min = 0, max = 5] T3 In this school year, to be disciplined, have you ever NO 0 → T5 been kept after school? YES 1 T4 In the previous school week, how many days were Number of days [__|__] you kept after school? [min = 0, max = 5] T5 In this school year, to be disciplined, have you ever NO 0 → T7 been made to stand in the classroom? YES 1 T6 In the previous school week, how many days were Number of days [__|__] you made to stand in the classroom? [min = 0, max = 5] T7 In this school year, to be disciplined, have you ever NO 0 → U1 been whipped, hit, or beaten by the teacher with a YES 1 branch or their hand? T8 In the previous school week, how many days were Number of days [__|__] you whipped, hit, or beaten by the teacher? [min = 0, max = 5]

SECTION U: ALCOHOL, DRUGS AND DELINQUENCY

SECTION U: ALL RESPONDENTS NO QUESTION RESPONSE SKIP U1 Since January 1st, have you ever drunk alcohol? NO 0 → U3a YES 1 U2 In the previous week, Monday through Friday, how Number of days [__|__] If=0: many days did you drink alcohol during the day? [min = 0, max = 5] → U3a

U2a Did you get drunk on any of those days? NO 0 YES 1 U3a Since January 1st, have you drunk Kachasu? NO 0 → U3d YES 1 U3b In the previous week, Monday through Friday, how Number of days [__|__] If=0: many days did you drink Kachasu during the day? [min = 0, max = 5] → U3d

U3c Did you get drunk on any of those days? NO 0 YES 1 U3d Since January 1st, have you drunk Chibuku or NO 0 → U4a village-brewed beer or other beer? YES 1

2 MSAS R4 Adolescent ACASI Questionnaire English Ver. 20May2010 Adol ID [__|__|__|__|__|__]

U3e In the previous week, Monday through Friday, how Number of days [__|__] If=0: many days did you drink Chibuku or village-brewed [min = 0, max = 5] → U4a beer or other beer during the day? U3f Did you get drunk on any of those days? NO 0 YES 1 U4a Since January 1st, have you ever used a placebo? NO 0 YES 1 U5 Since January 1st, have you ever taken something NO 0 from a kiosk or vendor without paying? YES 1

U7 Since January 1st, have you ever sneaked out of NO 0 your compound at night without telling your parents? YES 1

QUESTIONS U9 & U10 ONLY FOR IN-SCHOOL RESPONDENTS Respondent NOT currently attending school → UU1 Respondent attending school: U9 During this school year, have you ever skipped a day NO 0 → UU1 of school without permission? YES 1 Respondent attending school: U10 In the previous school week, how many days did you Number of days [__|__] skip school without permission? [min = 0, max = 5]

SECTION UU: PUBERTY AND INITIATION RITES

SECTION UU: ALL RESPONDENTS

UU1_Script: “Now I would like to ask you some questions about growing up.”

NO QUESTION RESPONSE SKIP UU1 Girls: As girls grow into women, changes happen in their bodies, such as the start of menstrual periods. Age [__|__] If=0: At what age did you have your first menstrual period [min = 9, max = 20] → UU4a or have you not had one yet? Has not happened = 0 Boys: As boys grow into men, certain changes Don't know = 88 Boys: happen to their bodies, such as growing pubic hair, → UU4a voices getting deeper, or sometimes having ‘wet dreams.’ At what age did you first notice any of these changes happening in your body, or have none of these happened yet?

UU2 Girls only: Have you ever stayed home from school NO 0 → UU4a because you had your menstrual period? YES 1 QUESTIONS UU3, UU4 and UU4aa ONLY FOR IN-SCHOOL GIRLS UU3 Girls only: The last time you had your menstrual Number of days [__|__] If=0: period, how many days did you stay home from [min = 0, max = 5] → UU4a school? Max = 5 days or more UU4 Girls only: What was the main reason why your Cramps/Headache/Pain 1 → UU4a menstrual period caused you to stay home? Diarrhea 2 → UU4a Heavy bleeding 3 Other 4 → UU4a UU4aa Girls only: What was the main reason why the No rags 1 heavy bleeding caused you to stay home? Too few rags 2 Lack of water/place to clean 3 Other 4 UU4a Have you ever been initiated? NO 0 → UU5 YES 1 UU4b What age were you when you were initiated? Age [__|__] [min = 9, max = 20] Don't know = 88 UU5 Have you ever participated in a puberty or initiation NO 0 rite or camp? YES 1

3 MSAS R4 Adolescent ACASI Questionnaire English Ver. 20May2010 Adol ID [__|__|__|__|__|__]

UU9 Have you heard of male circumcision? NO 0 → V1 YES 1 UU10_Audio (Boys only): "Male circumcision is the removal of the foreskin from the head of the penis. The foreskin is the skin that covers all or most of the head of the penis of uncircumcised men. You can see if a man is circumcised by looking at his penis when he does not have an erection. When men are circumcised, you can see the head of the penis. When they are uncircumcised, the head may be partially or completely hidden by the foreskin. When the penis of an uncircumcised man is erect (hard), usually the foreskin pulls back and the head of the penis is uncovered." UU10 Boys only: Have you yourself been circumcised? NO 0 → V1 YES 1 Don't know 88 → V1 UU11 Boys only: What age were you when you were Age [__|__] circumcised? [min = 9, max = 20] Don't know = 88

SECTION V: SEXUAL BEHAVIOR

SECTION V IS ALL NEW SECTION V: ALL RESPONDENTS NO QUESTION RESPONSE SKIP V1 Are you currently married or living with someone as NO 0 → V25 if you were married? YES 1 V2 Boys only: How many wives do you currently have? One 1 Two 2 → V14 Three 3 → V14 MODULE 1: QUESTIONS V3 - V13 GIRLS: MARRIED (V1=1) BOYS: MARRIED TO ONLY ONE WIFE (V1=1 & V2=1) V3_Script_girls: "In the following questions we will use the term “husband” to mean the person you are currently married to or with whom you are living as if married." V3_Script_boys: "In the following questions we will use the term “wife” to mean the person you are currently married to or with whom you are living as if married." V3 Girls: Since this time last year, have you had sex NO 0 → V6 with your husband? YES 1 Boys: Since this time last year, have you had sex with your wife? V4 Girls: Since this time last year, have you used a NO 0 → V5 condom when you had sex with your husband? YES 1 Boys: Since this time last year, have you used a condom when you had sex with your wife? V4a Girls: Since this time last year, how often have you Some of the time 1 used condoms with your husband? Most of the time 2 Boys: Since this time last year, how often have you Every time you have sex 3 used condoms with your wife? V5 Girls: How old is your husband? Younger than you are 1 About the same age as you are 2 Boys: How old is your wife? 1-4 years older than you are 3 5-9 years older than you are 4 10 or more years older than you are 5

V6_Script_girls: "People sometimes have sex with someone other than their husband."

V6_Script_boys: "People sometimes have sex with someone other than their wife."

V6 Girls: Since this time last year, have you had sex NO 0 → V45 with someone other than your husband? YES 1 Boys: Since this time last year, have you had sex with someone other than your wife?

4 MSAS R4 Adolescent ACASI Questionnaire English Ver. 20May2010 Adol ID [__|__|__|__|__|__]

V7 Girls: Since this time last year, NOT including your One 1 husband, how many different people in total did you Two 2 have sex with? Three 3 Boys: Since this time last year, NOT including your Four 4 wife, how many different people in total have you Five or more 5 had sex with? V8 Girls: At the time you were in a sexual relationship NO 0 with someone else, were you also having sex with YES 1 your husband? Boys: At the time you were in a sexual relationship with someone else, were you also having sex with your wife? V9 Girls: Think of the last person you had sex with Only once 1 other than your husband. How often did you have Two to five times 2 sex with this person? More than five times 3 Boys: Think of the last person you had sex with other than your wife. How often did you have sex with this person? V10 Girls: Since this time last year, did you ever use a NO 0 → V11 condom with this person who was not your husband? YES 1

Boys: Since this time last year, did you ever use a condom with this person who was not your wife?

V10a Since this time last year, how often did you use Only once 1 condoms with this person? Some of the time 2 Most of the time 3 Every time you had sex 4 V11 How old was this person? Younger than you are 1 About the same age as you are 2 1-4 years older than you are 3 5-9 years older than you are 4 10 or more years older than you are 5 V12 Boys only: Since this time last year, have you had NO 0 → V13 sex with a sex worker or bar girl? YES 1 V12a Boys only: Since this time last year, did you ever NO 0 → V13 use a condom with a sex worker or bar girl? YES 1 V12b Boys only: Since this time last year, how often did Some of the time 1 you use condoms with sex workers or bar girls? Most of the time 2 Every time you had sex 3 If V5 or V11 equal '10 or more years older' → V45 V13 Since this time last year, did you ever have sex with NO 0 All: someone who was 10 or more years older than you? YES 1 → V45

MODULE 2: QUESTIONS V14 - V24 BOYS ONLY: MARRIED TO MORE THAN ONE WIFE (V2>1) V14_Script: "In the following questions we will refer to your "[FIRST/SECOND/THIRD] wife” as the women you are married to or with whom you are currently living as if married." Instructions: loop questions V14-V16 for number of wives (1-3) in V2. V14 Since this time last year, have you had sex with your NO 0 → Next wife [FIRST/SECOND/THIRD] wife? YES 1 V15 Since this time last year, have you used a condom NO 0 → V16 when you had sex with your YES 1 [FIRST/SECOND/THIRD] wife? V15a Since this time last year, how often have you used Some of the time 1 condoms when you had sex with your Most of the time 2 [FIRST/SECOND/THIRD] wife? Every time you have sex 3

5 MSAS R4 Adolescent ACASI Questionnaire English Ver. 20May2010 Adol ID [__|__|__|__|__|__]

V16 How old is your [FIRST/SECOND/THIRD] wife? Younger than you are 1 All: About the same age as you are 2 Next wife 1-4 years older than you are 3 → V14 5-9 years older than you are 4 If no more: 10 or more years older than you are 5 → V17

V17_Script: "People sometimes have sex with someone other than their wives."

V17 Since this time last year, have you had sex with NO 0 → V45 someone other than one of your wives? YES 1 V18 Since this time last year, NOT including your wives, One 1 how many different people in total did you have sex Two 2 with? Three 3 Four 4 Five or more 5 V19 At the time you were in a sexual relationship with NO 0 someone else, were you also having sex with one of YES 1 your wives? V20 Think of the last person you had sex with who was Only once 1 not one of your wives. How often did you have sex Two to five times 2 with this person? More than five times 3 V21 Since this time last year, did you ever use a condom NO 0 → V22 when you had sex with this person? YES 1 V21a Since this time last year, how often did you use Only once 1 condoms with this person? Some of the time 2 Most of the time 3 Every time you had sex 4 V22 How old was this person? Younger than you are 1 About the same age as you are 2 1-4 years older than you are 3 5-9 years older than you are 4 10 or more years older than you are 5 V23 Since this time last year, have you had sex with a NO 0 → V24 sex worker or bar girl? YES 1 V23a Since this time last year, did you ever use a condom NO 0 → V24 with a sex worker or bar girl? YES 1 V23b Since this time last year, how often did you use Some of the time 1 condoms with sex workers or bar girls? Most of the time 2 Every time you had sex 3 If V16 or V22 equal '10 or more years older' → V45 V24 Since this time last year, did you ever have sex with NO 0 All: someone who was 10 or more years older than you? YES 1 → V45

MODULE 3: QUESTIONS V25 - V44 GIRLS: NOT MARRIED (V1=0) BOYS: NOT MARRIED (V1=0) V25 Since this time last year, have you had sex? NO 0 → V45 YES 1 V26 Do you currently have a primary sex partner? By NO 0 → V38 primary sex partner we mean someone you have sex YES 1 with on a regular basis. MODULE 3A: QUESTIONS V27 - V37 GIRLS: NOT MARRIED, HAS PRIMARY SEX PARTNER (V26=1) BOYS: NOT MARRIED, HAS PRIMARY SEX PARTNER (V26=1) V27 Since this time last year, how many times did you Only once 1 have sex with your primary sex partner? Two to five times 2 More than five times 3 V28 Since this time last year, have you used a condom NO 0 → V29 when you had sex with your primary sex partner? YES 1

6 MSAS R4 Adolescent ACASI Questionnaire English Ver. 20May2010 Adol ID [__|__|__|__|__|__]

V28a Since this time last year, how often have you used Only once 1 condoms with your primary sex partner? Some of the time 2 Most of the time 3 Every time you have sex 4 V29 How old is your primary sex partner? Younger than you are 1 About the same age as you are 2 1-4 years older than you are 3 5-9 years older than you are 4 10 or more years older than you are 5 V30_Script: "People sometimes have sex with more than one person during the same time period that they are having sex with their primary sex partner." V30 Since this time last year, have you had sex with NO 0 → V45 someone other than your primary sex partner? YES 1 V31 Since this time last year, NOT including your primary One 1 sex partner, how many different people in total did Two 2 you have sex with? Three 3 Four 4 Five or more 5 V32 At the time you were in a sexual relationship with NO 0 someone else, were you also having sex with your YES 1 primary sex partner? V33 Think of the last person you had sex with other than Only once 1 your primary sex partner. How often did you have Two to five times 2 sex with this other person? More than five times 3 V34 Since this time last year, did you ever use a condom NO 0 → V35 when you had sex with this other person? YES 1

V34a Since this time last year, how often did you use Only once 1 condoms with this other person? Some of the time 2 Most of the time 3 Every time you had sex 4 V35 How old was this other person? Younger than you are 1 About the same age as you are 2 1-4 years older than you are 3 5-9 years older than you are 4 10 or more years older than you are 5 V36 Boys only: Since this time last year, have you had NO 0 → V37 sex with a sex worker or bar girl? YES 1 V36a Boys only: Since this time last year, did you ever NO 0 → V37 use a condom with a sex worker or bar girl? YES 1 V36b Boys only: Since this time last year, how often did Some of the time 1 you use condoms with sex workers or bar girls? Most of the time 2 Every time you had sex 3 If V29 or V35 equal '10 or more years older' → V45 V37 Since this time last year, did you ever have sex with NO 0 All: someone who was 10 or more years older than you? YES 1 → V45

MODULE 3B: QUESTIONS V38 - V44 GIRLS: NOT MARRIED AND NO PRIMARY SEX PARTNER (V26=0) BOYS: NOT MARRIED AND NO PRIMARY SEX PARTNER (V26=0) V38_Script: "People sometimes have sex with more than one person during the same time period." V38 Since this time last year, how many different people One 1 → V40 in total did you have sex with? Two 2 Three 3 Four 4 Five or more 5

7 MSAS R4 Adolescent ACASI Questionnaire English Ver. 20May2010 Adol ID [__|__|__|__|__|__]

V39 Were any of these relationships occurring at the NO 0 same time? That is, at the time you were in a sexual YES 1 relationship with one person, were you also in a sexual relationship with another person? V40 Think of the last person you had sex with. How often Only once 1 did you have sex with this person? Two to five times 2 More than five times 3 V41 Since this time last year, did you ever use a condom NO 0 → V42 when you had sex with this person? YES 1 V41a Since this time last year, how often did you use Only once 1 condoms with this person? Some of the time 2 Most of the time 3 Every time you had sex 4 V42 How old was this person? Younger than you are 1 About the same age as you are 2 1-4 years older than you are 3 5-9 years older than you are 4 10 or more years older than you are 5 V43 Boys only: Since this time last year, have you had NO 0 → V44 sex with a sex worker or bar girl? YES 1 V43a Boys only: Since this time last year, did you ever NO 0 → V44 use a condom with a sex worker or bar girl? YES 1 V43b Boys only: Since this time last year, how often did Some of the time 1 you use condoms with sex workers or bar girls? Most of the time 2 Every time you had sex 3 If V38=1 → V45 If V42 equal '10 or more years older' → V45 V44 Since this time last year, did you ever have sex with NO 0 someone who was 10 or more years older than you? YES 1

V45_Script: “I am now going to ask you some questions about your feelings and beliefs. There are no right or wrong answers. Please just answer how you honestly feel." V45 If you wanted to use a condom the next time you Very hard 1 have sex, how hard or easy would it be for you to Hard 2 get your sexual partner to use a condom? Not sure 3 Easy 4 Very easy 5 V46 How hard or easy would it be for you to consistently Very hard 1 use a condom every time you had sex in the next 3 Hard 2 months? Not sure 3 Easy 4 Very easy 5 V47 If your partner wanted to use a condom the next NO 0 time you have sex, would you be willing to use one? YES 1 Don't know 88 V48_Script: “Do the following statements reflect how you feel? Please tell me if you disagree or agree with the following statements." V48 Girls: You would not feel comfortable suggesting Strongly agree 1 using condoms with a new partner because he might Agree 2 think you have HIV or a sexually transmitted Undecided 3 infection. Disagree 4 Boys: You would not feel comfortable suggesting Strongly disagree 5 using condoms with a new partner because she might think you have HIV or a sexually transmitted infection.

8 MSAS R4 Adolescent ACASI Questionnaire English Ver. 20May2010 Adol ID [__|__|__|__|__|__]

V49 Girls: You would not feel comfortable suggesting Strongly agree 1 using condoms with a new partner because he might Agree 2 think you thought he had HIV or a sexually Undecided 3 transmitted infection. Disagree 4 Boys: You would not feel comfortable suggesting Strongly disagree 5 using condoms with a new partner because she might think you thought she had HIV or a sexually transmitted infection.

V50_Script: "There are many reasons a person might have sex with someone. Sometimes people have sex because they want to, and sometimes they have sex even though they don't really want to. Now I will ask you about your experiences the very first time you had sex."

V50 Which of the following would you say comes closest Didn't want it to happen 1 to describing how you felt about having sex the very Felt unsure/confused 2 first time? Wanted it to happen 3 → V55 You have never had sex 4 → W6 V51 Girls only: Did the person you had sex with the NO 0 very first time physically force you to have sex? YES 1 → W6 V52 Girls only: Did the person you had sex with the NO 0 very first time threaten you so you would have sex? YES 1 V53 Girls only: Did the person you had sex with the NO 0 very first time trick you into having sex? YES 1 V54 Girls only: Did the person you had sex with the NO 0 very first time insist on having sex with you? YES 1 V55 Girls only: Did the person you had sex with the NO 0 → W6 very first time give you food, clothing, money or YES 1 something else that you needed? V56 Girls only: Was the main reason you had sex the NO 0 first time because this person gave you food, YES 1 clothing, money or something else that you needed?

SECTION W: PREGNANCIES, BIRTHS AND CONTRACEPTION

SECTION W: ALL RESPONDENTS W6_Script: “Sometimes a girl has a miscarriage or a pregnancy that does not end in a live birth...” NO QUESTION RESPONSE SKIP W6 Girls: Since this time last year, have you had such a NO 0 pregnancy? YES 1 Boys: Since this time last year, has a girl that you Boys only: Don't know 88 made pregnant had such a pregnancy?

W10_Script: “Sometimes a girl becomes pregnant when she does not want to be...”

W10 Girls only: Since this time last year, have you been NO 0 → W13 pregnant when you did not want to be? YES 1 W11 Girls only: Since this time last year, the last time Do nothing and give birth 0 that you had such a pregnancy, what did you do? Attempt to remove the pregnancy 1 Did you ...? Successfully remove the pregnancy 2 Miscarry (without doing anything) 3 Do something else 4 W12 Boys only: Since this time last year, has a girl that NO 0 you made pregnant ever removed that pregnancy? YES 1 Don't know 88 W13_Script: “Now we are going to ask you some questions about how you might have tried to prevent pregnancy” W13 Girls only: Since this time last year, have you ever NO 0 → W15 used the pill? YES 1 Don't know 88 → W15

9 MSAS R4 Adolescent ACASI Questionnaire English Ver. 20May2010 Adol ID [__|__|__|__|__|__]

W14 Girls only: Are you currently using the pill? NO 0 YES 1 W15 Girls only: Since this time last year, have you ever NO 0 → W17 used injectables? YES 1 Don't know 88 → W17 W16 Girls only: Are you currently using injectables? NO 0 YES 1 W17 Since this time last year, have you ever used a NO 0 condom? YES 1 Don't know 88 SECTION X: PHYSlCAL HARASSMENT, INTIMIDATION AND VIOLENCE: TEACHER AND STUDENTS AT SCHOOL SECTION X: ONLY IN-SCHOOL RESPONDENTS X1_Script: “Now we are going to ask about your experiences at school. For these questions, we will ask if the experience has never occurred, occurred once or twice, occurred a few times, occurred many times or occurred almost every day.” NO QUESTION RESPONSE SKIP X4 In this school year, how often have you been Never 0 punched, slapped or whipped on the way to school? Once or twice 1 A few times 2 Many times 3 Almost everyday 4 X5 In this school year, how often have schoolmates Never 0 punched, slapped or whipped you at school? Once or twice 1 A few times 2 Many times 3 Almost everyday 4 X6 In this school year, how often have teachers Never 0 punched, slapped or whipped you at school? Once or twice 1 A few times 2 Many times 3 Almost everyday 4 X7 In this school year, how often have sexual Never 0 comments been made to you on the way to school? Once or twice 1 A few times 2 Many times 3 Almost everyday 4 X8 In this school year, how often have schoolmates Never 0 made sexual comments to you at school? Once or twice 1 A few times 2 Many times 3 Almost everyday 4 X9 In this school year, how often have teachers made Never 0 sexual comments to you at school? Once or twice 1 A few times 2 Many times 3 Almost everyday 4 X10 Girls: In this school year, how often have you been Never 0 touched or pinched on your breasts, buttocks, or Once or twice 1 genitalia on the way to school? A few times 2 Boys: In this school year, how often have you been Many times 3 touched or pinched on your buttocks or genitalia on Almost everyday 4 the way to school? X11 Girls: In this school year, how often have Never 0 schoolmates touched or pinched your breasts, Once or twice 1 buttocks, or genitalia at school? A few times 2 Boys: In this school year, how often have Many times 3 schoolmates touched or pinched your buttocks or Almost everyday 4 genitalia at school?

10 MSAS R4 Adolescent ACASI Questionnaire English Ver. 20May2010 Adol ID [__|__|__|__|__|__]

X12 Girls: In this school year, how often have teachers Never 0 touched or pinched your breasts, buttocks, or Once or twice 1 genitalia at school? A few times 2 Boys: In this school year, how often have teachers Many times 3 touched or pinched your buttocks or genitalia at Almost everyday 4 school?

SECTION Y: EXPERIENCES OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

SECTION Y IS ALL NEW SECTION Y: ALL RESPONDENTS NO QUESTION RESPONSE SKIP Y1a Since this time last year, has anyone in your NO 0 → Conclusion household pushed or shaken you, thrown something YES 1 at you, punched, slapped, whipped, kicked, or dragged you?

Y2a In the last month, how many times has any of these 0 times 0 → Conclusion things happened to you? 1 to 5 times 1 6 to 9 times 2 10 or more times 3 Don't know 88 Y3a In the last month, did your mother or father push NO 0 or shake you, throw something at you, punch, slap, YES 1 whip, kick, or drag you? Y3b Girls: In the last month, did your husband push or NO 0 shake you, throw something at you, punch, slap, YES 1 whip, kick, or drag you? Girls: Don't have a husband 2 Boys: In the last month, did your wife push or Boys: Don't have a wife 2 shake you, throw something at you, punch, slap, whip, kick, or drag you?

CONCLUSION

Conclusion: "If you would like to discuss any of the questions or issues raised in this survey, please feel free to discuss this with the interviewer."

Round 4 MSAS Adolescent Literacy and Math Questionnaire English Adol ID: [__|__|__|__|__|__]

Malawi Schooling and Adolescent Study

LITERACY AND MATHEMATIC EVALUATION ENGLISH

IDENTIFICATION School ID [__|__|__]

Adolescent’s surname ______[__|__|__|__|__|__] Adolescent’s firstname______Adolescent’s other names ______Adolescent’s other names ______Adolescent’s standard/form [__|__] Circle 1: 1 = In Primary 2 = In Secondary 33 = Out of School Adolescent’s sex [____] (Male=1 Female=2)

INTERVIEWER’S FINAL VISITS

DAY [__|__] INTERVIEWER [___|___|___]

MONTH [__|__] RESULT [___] 1 = COMPLETE 2 = PARTIAL COMPLETE 3 = STUDENT REFUSED

YEAR [ 2 | 0| 1 |__] LANGUAGE [___] 1 = CHICHEWA 2= YAO 3= OTHER (Specify:______)

SUPERVISOR LOGGED BY CHECKED BY ENTERED BY

INITIALS ______

DATE ______

TIME BEGUN [__|__][__|__] (24 HOUR TIME)

SECTION A: LITERACY EVALUATION

“Now I would like you to read this sentence to me” [Show sentences to respondent]. If respondent cannot read whole sentence, probe: “Can you read any part of the sentence to me?”

Farming is hard work. CANNOT READ AT ALL……………………………….. 1 A1 ABLE TO READ ONLY PARTS OF THE SENTENCE….. 2 ABLE TO READ WHOLE SENTENCE………………….. 3 BLIND/VISUALLY IMPAIRED…………………………... 4 The child is reading a book. CANNOT READ AT ALL……………………………….. 1 A2 ABLE TO READ ONLY PARTS OF THE SENTENCE……. 2 ABLE TO READ WHOLE SENTENCE…………………… 3 BLIND/VISUALLY IMPAIRED….………………...... 4 Parents love their children. CANNOT READ AT ALL………………………….……. 1 A3 ABLE TO READ ONLY PARTS OF THE SENTENCE…… 2 ABLE TO READ WHOLE SENTENCE………………….. 3 BLIND/VISUALLY IMPAIRED…..………………………. 4 A5 Children work hard in school. CANNOT READ AT ALL……………………………….. 1 ABLE TO READ ONLY PARTS OF THE SENTENCE..… 2 ABLE TO READ WHOLE SENTENCE………………….. 3 BLIND/VISUALLY IMPAIRED…..………………………. 4

TIME END [__|__][__|__] (24 HOUR TIME)

Page 1 of 8

Round 4 MSAS Adolescent Literacy and Math Questionnaire English Adol ID: [__|__|__|__|__|__]

SECTION B: MATHEMATICAL EVALUATION

[Instructions to Interviewer: Hand the questionnaire to the participant for the entire mathematical evaluation section and assist the participant in inserting their answers in the correct place. If the participant has questions about the problems, you may help them to understand the meaning of a question but do not assist them in finding the answer.]

B1 Write the missing number.

16, 17, _____, 19, ____, 21, 22, _____, _____, 25.

B2 Write these numbers in order starting from the biggest number to the smallest 7, 9, 4, 10, 3.

_____, _____, _____, _____, _____. OPERATIONS B3 ADDITION 5 136 + 4 + 45 [_____] [_____]

SUBTRACTION 19 9 - 7 - 5 [_____] [_____] MULTIPLICATION 3 21 x 12 x 4 [_____] [_____]

DIVISION 56 ÷ 8 = [____] 489 ÷ 3 = [____]

MONEY

B4 Each banana costs 60 tambala. How much would 3 bananas cost?

[______]

B5 You have 85 tambala and you want to buy a pencil that cost 65 tambala. How much change would you get? [______]

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Round 4 MSAS Adolescent Literacy and Math Questionnaire English Adol ID: [__|__|__|__|__|__]

“Here are a few more questions where you can use your mathematical skills. This is a multiple choice section. Circle the response (A,B,C, or D) that best answers the question.” B6 7225 A 11606 – 4381 B 3004 C 2944 D 2844

B7 Find the missing number. A 6 1 = ? B 3 3 6 C 18 D 2

B8 Change 3500 grams to kilograms and grams A 5 kg 300g B 30 kg 50g C 35 kg 0g D 3 kg 500g

B9 Write 63050 Tambala in Kwacha and Tambala

A. K6 35t

B. K6035 00t

C. K63 05t

D. K630 50t

B10 Juma had 2000 eggs. He sold 1109 eggs. How many were left? A 891 B 1891 C 991 D 901

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Round 4 MSAS Adolescent Literacy and Math Questionnaire English Adol ID: [__|__|__|__|__|__]

B11 The product of two factors is 255. If one of the factors is 17, what is the other factor? A. 270 B. 240 C. 19 D. 15

B12 A cell phone was bought for K10000.00 and later sold at K12500.00. What was the profit percent? A. 10% B. 20% C. 25% D. 30%

B13 Find the area of a square whose side is 18cm long. A. 28cm2 B. 56cm2 C. 196cm2 D. 324cm2

B14 Which of the following quadrilaterals is not a parallelogram? A. square B. rectangle C. trapezium D. rhombus

B15 Subtract 1 ⅛ from the sum of 2 ½ and 3/2. A. 7/8 B. 2 7/8 C. 1/2 D. 3/2

TIME END [__|__][__|__] (24 HOUR TIME)

SECTION C: READING AND COMPREHENSION: INTERVIEWER SHEET (CHICHEWA)

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Round 4 MSAS Adolescent Literacy and Math Questionnaire English Adol ID: [__|__|__|__|__|__]

[Instructions to interviewer: Hand the sheet with the Chichewa passage back to the student and read the following:…]

“Now I am going to ask you to read a short story out loud. I will time you and stop you after one minute. When I tell you to start, read aloud. You should read as quickly as you can, but without rushing, because I am also interested in what you remember from the story. After you have read from the passage, I may ask you a few questions about it. This is NOT a test. No one else will see the result and it will NOT affect your grade or promotion in school.”

[Instructions to interviewer: While marking the English passage as the participant reads, use the same symbols for marking as used in the Chichewa passage above. However, only mark words as incorrect if they are very badly mispronounced or if they say a different word. If the respondent does not finish in one minute or less, place a bracket “]” after the last word read.]

MARKINGS: MISSED / SKIPPED WORD (SLASH = /)

SERIOUSLY MISPRONOUNCED OR INCORRECT WORD ( X)

REPEATED WORD (CIRCLE)

ADDED WORD PRIOR TO (+) Chichewa 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Simoni ndi mchemwal wake Rute anayenda pa basi kukaona a i 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 malume awo. Pamene basi imadutsa pa mlatho anamva chiphokoso. Oyendetsa

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 basi anayimitsa basiyo ndipo anatuluka m’basimo. Thumba lalikulu la mbatata

31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 linali litagwa kuchokera pa mwamba pa basi. Thumba linang’ambi ndipo lo ka 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 mbatata zinangoti mbweee pa mseu. Simoni ndi Rute anathandiza kutola

51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 mbatatazo ndi kuzibwezeretsa mu thumba. Thumbalo linali lolemer kwambiri moti a 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 a bambo awiri anathandiza oyendetsa basi kunyamula thumbalo ndi kulikweza

71 72 73 pamwamba pa basi.

Page 5 of 8

Round 4 MSAS Adolescent Literacy and Math Questionnaire English Adol ID: [__|__|__|__|__|__]

CHICHEWA READING RECORD:

Interviewer: If the respondent finishes reading before one minute is over, click the stopwatch when finished so you know how much time was taken. If the respondent has not finished by the time one minute has elapsed, ask him or her to stop reading. Take the reading passage sheet from respondent before filling out the section below.

C1 Did the child finish reading passage in one NO 0 C3 minute or less? YES 1

C2 Record time on stopwatch, if completed Time in seconds [__|__] in one minute or less. Note: Time should not exceed 60 seconds.

C3 Did the respondent finish the first three NO 0 SECT D sentences in the passage [past word YES #26]? 1 C4 If no to C3 continue to section D If yes to C3continue to C4.

CHICHEWA READING COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS:

Interviewer: Read each of the following questions out loud to respondent. Do not show questions or answers to respondent. “Now I’m going to ask you some questions about the story. Try to answer each question and tell me if you don’t know the answer.”

Question Answer – Do Not Read

C4 How did Simon and Ruth travel? Correct answer: By bus INCORRECT…...... 0 CORRECT…...... 1 DON’T KNOW...... 88

Where were they going? Correct answer: To visit C5 INCORRECT…...... 0 their uncle CORRECT…...... 1

DON’T KNOW...... 88

Why did the driver stop the bus? Correct answer: He heard a C6 INCORRECT…...... 0 loud noise. CORRECT…...... 1 DON’T KNOW...... 88

What made the loud noise? Correct answer: The sack C7 INCORRECT…...... 0 of potatoes. CORRECT…...... 1 DON’T KNOW...... 88

How did Simon and Ruth help? Correct answer: They C8 INCORRECT…...... 0 picked up the potatoes and CORRECT…...... 1 put them back in the sack. DON’T KNOW...... 88

Why did the two men help the Correct answer: The sack C9 INCORRECT…...... 0 driver? was heavy. CORRECT…...... 1 DON’T KNOW...... 88

Page 6 of 8

Round 4 MSAS Adolescent Literacy and Math Questionnaire English Adol ID: [__|__|__|__|__|__]

SECTION D: READING RECORD AND COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS (ENGLISH)

[Instructions to Interviewer: Hand the sheet with the English passage back to the student and read the following:…]

MARKINGS: MISSED / SKIPPED WORD (SLASH = /)

SERIOUSLY MISPRONOUNCED OR INCORRECT WORD ( X)

REPEATED WORD (CIRCLE)

ADDED WORD PRIOR TO (+)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A long time ago, all animals lived together in Chief

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Ndapus village. The village was near a big river and a’s 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 a forest. They had lots of food to eat and

31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 plenty of water to drink. One day Chief Ndapusa went

41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 to his garden. He was sad because someon stole his e 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 crops. He did not know who the thief was. He

61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 told his wife about the crops. His wife was angry.

71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 She wanted her husband to ask all the animals if

81 82 83 84 85 86 they knew who stole the crops.

Page 7 of 8

Round 4 MSAS Adolescent Literacy and Math Questionnaire English Adol ID: [__|__|__|__|__|__]

READING RECORD:

D1 Did the child finish the reading passage in NO 0 D3 one minute or less? YES 1

D2 Record time on the stopwatch, if Time in seconds [__|__] completed in one minute or less. Note: Time should not exceed 60 seconds.

D3 Did the respondent finish the first three NO 0 SECT E sentences in the passage [past word YES D4 #35]? 1 If no to D3 END If yes to D3continue to D4.

ENGLISH READING COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS:

Question Answer – Do Not Read Where did all the Correct answer: In Chief D4 INCORRECT…...... 0 animals live? Ndapusa’s village CORRECT…...... 1 DON’T KNOW...... 88

Where did Chief Correct answer: The D5 INCORRECT…...... 0 Ndapusa go? garden CORRECT…...... 1 DON’T KNOW...... 88

Why was Chief Correct answer: D6 INCORRECT…...... 0 Ndapusa sad? Someone stole his crops CORRECT…...... 1 DON’T KNOW...... 88

Who was angry about Correct answer: Chief D7 INCORRECT…...... 0 the stolen crops? Ndapusa’s wife. CORRECT…...... 1 DON’T KNOW...... 88

What did Chief Correct answer: Ask all D8 INCORRECT…...... 0 Ndapusa’s wife want the animals if they know CORRECT…...... 1 him to do? who stole his crops. DON’T KNOW...... 88

TIME END [__|__][__|__] (24 HOUR TIME)

Page 8 of 8 MSAS_R4: Life Events - English Ver. 5 June 2010 Adol ID [__|__|__|__|__|__]

LIFE EVENTS RESPONDENT IDENTIFICATION SURNAME: SCHOOL ID: [___|___|___] FIRST NAME: OTHER NAME: ADOL ID: [___|___|___|___|___|___] OTHER NAME:

SUPERVISOR LOGGED BY CHECKED BY ENTERED BY INITIALS: DATE:

TIME BEGUN [___|___] : [___|___] (24 HOUR TIME)

Event A Event B Event C Left school permanently Worked for pay Had sex

Event D Event E Event F Got married Became pregnant Gave birth

[Instructions : Show the respondent the 6 cards and explain what each means. Ask the respondent to put the cards in a row in the order in which they occurred in his/her life. Explain that the reverse side of each card indicates that the event has not yet occurred. After the respondent orders the cards and places them in a row, record the order in LE1. Enter 0 in all remaining empty boxes to indicate that no more events have occurred. You cannot place a 0 between events that did occur. For each event that did occur, ask LE2]. 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th EVENT EVENT EVENT EVENT EVENT EVENT [Record EVENT CODES in the order in which they LE1 occurred in the respondent's life] [_____] [_____] [_____] [_____] [_____] [_____] [EVENT CODES: A, B, C, D, E, F] [Enter 0 in all remaining empty boxes] [For school ask]: What age were you when you left LE2 school permanently? [___|___] [___|___] [___|___] [___|___] [___|___] [___|___] [For other 5 events ask]: What age were you the very first time you [name event] ? DK = 88 DK = 88 DK = 88 DK = 88 DK = 88 DK = 88

TIME END [___|___] : [___|___] (24 HOUR TIME)

Life Events (1 of 1)

MSAS R4: FTF Questionnaire English Ver. 7 June 2010 Adol ID [__|__|__|__|__|__]

MSAS R4: FTF Questionnaire English Ver. 7 June 2010 Adol ID [|||||]