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Rezumatul Tezei De Doctorat MINISTERUL EDUCAŢIEI NAȚIONALE UNIVERSITATEA “VALAHIA” DIN TÂRGOVIȘTE IOSUD ŞCOALA DOCTORALĂ DE ŞTIINŢE ECONOMICE ŞI UMANISTE DOMENIUL FUNDAMENTAL ŞTIINŢE ECONOMICE DOMENIUL CONTABILITATE REZUMATUL TEZEI DE DOCTORAT: ”UTILIZAREA METODELOR DE REPARTIZARE A COSTURILOR ŞI A VENITURILOR PENTRU CREŞTEREA PERFORMANŢEI ÎN ENTITĂȚILE ECONOMICE DE TRANSPORT PUBLIC DE PERSOANE” Conducător de doctorat: Prof. univ. dr. Ion CUCUI Doctorand: Elena Valentina DUMITRU Târgovişte, 2018 1 CUPRINSUL REZUMATULUI TEZEI DE DOCTORAT 1 CUPRINSUL TEZEI DE DOCTORAT ...................................................................................... 3 2 CUVINTE CHEIE ....................................................................................................................... 5 3 INTRODUCERE ......................................................................................................................... 5 4 COTEXTUL CERCETĂRII ........................................................................................................ 6 5 MOTIVAŢIA ŞI OBIECTIVELE CERCETĂRII ....................................................................... 7 6 IPOTEZELE CERCETĂRII ŞTIINŢIFICE ................................................................................ 8 7 ÎNCADRAREA EPISTEMOLOGICĂ A CERCETĂRII ........................................................... 9 8 DEMERSUL METODOLOGIC ................................................................................................ 11 9 EXPUNERE SUCCINTĂ A STRUCTURII ŞI CONŢINUTULUI TEZEI .............................. 12 10 CONCLUZII ............................................................................................................................ 23 11 CONTRIBUȚII PERSONALE PRIVIND CERCETAREA ȘTIINȚIFICĂ ȘI PROPUNERI 24 12 PROPUNERI ŞI PERSPECTIVE VIITOARE ALE CERCETĂRII ȘTIINȚIFICE ............... 26 13REFERINȚE BIBLIOGRAFICE.............................................................................................. 27 14 DISEMINAREA REZULTATELOR CERCETĂRII ............................................................. 32 15 CURRICULUM VITAE .......................................................................................................... 34 2 1 CUPRINSUL TEZEI DE DOCTORAT INTRODUCERE 6 CAPITOLUL I 22 LOCUL, ROLUL ŞI EVOLUŢIA TRANSPORTULUI PUBLIC DE PERSOANE LA NIVEL NAŢIONAL ŞI INTERNAŢIONAL 1.1. Locul transportului public de persoane în economia naţională 22 1.2. Rolul transportului public de persoane în funcţie de cerere şi ofertă 30 1.2.1. Cererea de transport public de persoane 32 1.2.2. Oferta de transport public de persoane 33 1.3. Evoluția transportului public de persoane și efectele sale economice 35 1.3.1. Aspecte istorice privind transportul public de persoane 36 1.3.2. Sistemul de transport public de persoane 39 1.3.3. Infrastructura transportului 40 1.4. Realităţi şi tendinţe europene şi naţionale privind transportul public de 41 persoane şi impactul acestuia asupra mediului 1.5. Realități și perspective în transportul public de persoane 46 1.5.1. Realități în transportul public de persoane din Municipiul București 46 1.5.2. Aspecte privind activitatea transportului public de persoane din 48 cadrul RATB 1.5.3. Corelarea ofertei cu cererea de transport public de persoane și 51 fundamentarea necesarului de mijloace de transport 1.5.4. Fundamentarea necesarului de mijloace de transport public de 53 persoane 1.5.5. Analiza economico-financiară în RATB 55 1.5.6. Perspective în transportul public de persoane 62 CAPITOLUL II ANALIZA STRATEGICĂ A PROFITABILITĂȚII ÎN 64 ENTITĂȚILE ECONOMICE DE TRANSPORT PUBLIC DE PERSOANE 2.1. Strategia generală a entităților economice de transport public de persoane 64 2 2.2. Tabloul de bord echilibrat privind performanţa financiară în 68 entităţile de transport public de persoane 2.2.1. Implementarea tabloului de bord echilibrat 74 2.2.2. Analiza SOWT privind performanţa financiară în entităţile de 75 transport public de persoane 2.3. Analiza strategică a profitului din exploatare 76 2.4. Aspecte privind auditul intern exercitat în entitățile economice de transport 86 public de persoane CAPITOLUL III ARHITECTURA METODELOR DE REPARTIZAREA 90 COSTURILOR ȘI VENITURILOR ÎN ENTITĂȚILE PUBLICE DE TRANSPORT PUBLIC DE PERSOANE 3.1. Repartizarea costurilor într-o entitate de transport public de persoane 90 3.1.1..Abordări conceptuale privind costurile în domeniul transportului 91 public de persoane 3.1.2. Scopurile repartizării costurilor către obiectele de cost 93 3.1.3. Criterii adecvate privind deciziile de repartizare a costurilor 94 3.2. Metode de repartizare a costurilor utilizate în transportul public de persoane 96 3 3.2.1. Metode clasice de repartizare a costurilor 97 3.2.2. Metode evoluate de repartizare a costurilor 98 3.2.3 Metode moderne de repartizare a costurilor 99 3.2.4. Repartizarea costurilor către structurile entității economice de 101 transport public de persoane 3.3. Analiza abaterilor vânzărilor de servicii în entitatea de transport public de 104 persoane 3.3.1. Abaterile în raport cu bugetul static 105 3.3.2. Abaterea în raport cu bugetul flexibil și abaterea imputabilă 106 volumului vânzărilor 3.3.3. Abaterile structurii vânzărilor și ale cantităților vândute 108 CAPITOLUL IV POSIBILITĂȚI DE CREARE A UNUI CADRU 112 CONSISTENT ȘI PREDICTIBIL DIN PERSPECTIVA REPARTIZĂRII COSTURILOR ȘI A VENTURILOR DEPARTAMENTELOR AUXILIARE 4.1. Aprecieri generale privind diferențierea metodei cotei unice a repartizării 112 costurilor, de metoda cotei duale a repartizării costurilor 4.2. Măsurarea și prezentarea performanței manageriale în alegerea cotelor de 118 repartizare bugetate și cele efective 4.2.1. Cote bugetate versus cote efective 119 4.2.2. Utilizare bugetată, utilizare efectivă și nivelul capacității ca baze de 120 repartizare 4.3 Repartizarea costurilor departametelor auxiliare prin metoda directă, metoda 123 în trepte descendente și metoda reciprocă 4.4. Repartizarea costurilor comune prin metoda disociată de repartizare a 135 costurilor versus metoda incremental 4.5. Repartizarea veniturilor din vânzarea pachetelor de produse 138 4.6. Repartizarea veniturilor pachetelor de produse către produse 140 CAPITOLUL V UTILIZAREA METODEI ABC PENTRU REPARTIZAREA 143 COSTURILOR ȘI A VENITURILOR ÎN ENTITĂȚILE ECONOMICE DE TRANSPORT PUBLIC DE PERSOANE 5.1. Posibilitatea extinderii metodei ABC în entităţile economice de transport 144 public de persoane 5.1.1 Reducerea costurilor – condiţie esenţială pentru creşterea 144 performanţei entităţii economice de transport public de persoane 5.1.2. Aportul metodei ABC în entitățile economice de transport public de 146 persoane 5.2. Analiza rezultatelor demersului extinderii metodei ABC în entitățile 147 economice de transport public de persoane 5.2.1. Utilizarea metodelor de cercetare privind demersul extinderii 148 metodei ABC în transportul public de persoane 5.2.2. Rezultatele demersului extinderii metodei ABC în transportul 150 public de persoane 5.2.3 Interpretarea rezultatelor 152 5.2.4 Concluziile cercetării empirice 176 CAPITOLUL VI IMPLEMENTAREA METODEI ABC ÎN ENTITĂȚILE 177 ECONOMICE DE TRANSPORT PUBLIC DE PERSOANE PENTRU 4 CREȘTEREA PERFORMANȚEI 6.1. Aspecte generale privind metoda de calculație a costurilor ABC 178 6.2. Importanța metodei ABC privind analiza strategică 180 6.3. Analiza comparativă a metodelor tradiționale de contabilitate de gestiune 182 utilizate în cadrul entităților economice de transport public din România cu metoda de calculație a costurilor ABC 6.3.1. Organizarea contabilității de gestiune în cadrul RATB prin metoda 192 globală 6.3.2. Organizarea contabilității de gestiune și calculației costurilor prin 202 metoda ABC în RATB 6.3.3. Rezultatele finale ale implemetării metodei ABC în cadrul RATB 233 CONCLUZII FINALE PRIVIND CERCETAREA ȘTIINȚIFICĂ 235 Contribuții proprii privind ceretarea științifică 251 Propuneri şi perspective viitoare ale cercetării 254 BIBLIOGRAFIE 255 Articole și alte lucrăi de specialitate 260 DISEMINAREA REZULTATELOR CERCETĂRII 262 LISTA TABELELEOR 264 LISTA FIGURILOR 268 LISTA ACRONIMELOR UTILIZATE 272 ANEXE 275 2 CUVINTE CHEIE Teza de doctorat ”UTILIZAREA METODELOR DE REPARTIZARE A COSTURILOR ŞI A VENITURILOR PENTRU CREŞTEREA PERFORMANŢEI ÎN ENTITĂȚILE ECONOMICE DE TRANSPORT PUBLIC DE PERSOANE” își propune atingerea obiectivelor și validarea ipotezelor utilizând următoarele cuvinte cheie: Entități economice de transport public de persoane Sistem de transport Analiza strategică Mecanismul de repartizare a costurilor Analiza abaterilor vânzărilor Departamente auxiliare Metoda de calculație a costurilor ABC Creșterea performanței entității economice 3 INTRODUCERE Dispersarea umană a fost un factor crucial pentru cucerirea gobului pământesc, istoria omenirii devenind radical diferită de a oricărei alte specii de pe planetă. Apar aşezări permanente, populaţia creşte, iar strămoşii noştri sunt determinați să învețe să-și administreze hrana, dezvoltându-şi ultimele priceperi necesare pentru a supravieţui. Trecerea la agricultură a fost un pas important în dezvoltarea omenirii, iar pentru a evidenția recoltele necesare pentru hrană, strămoşii noştri au conceput prima scriere, iar pentru a le administra a luat naştere contabilitatea. De-alungul timpului, progresele tehnicii au evoluat şi ne referim la calea ferată, 5 electricitatea, telegraful, primul automobil, primul avion, etc. Prin intermediul internetului și a sateliților ce se rotesc în jurul Pământului am avut posibilitatea să vizionăm decolarea primilor cosmonauți și imagini
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