Component 1. Elaboration of Bucharest's Iuds, Capital
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ROMANIA Reimbursable Advisory Services Agreement on the Bucharest Urban Development Program (P169577) COMPONENT 1. ELABORATION OF BUCHAREST’S IUDS, CAPITAL INVESTMENT PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT Output 3. Urban context and identification of key local issues and needs, and visions and objectives of IUDS and Identification of a long list of projects. Chapter 3. Spatial and Functional Profile March 2021 DISCLAIMER This report is a product of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/the World Bank. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. This report does not necessarily represent the position of the European Union or the Romanian Government. COPYRIGHT STATEMENT The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable laws. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with the complete information to either: (i) the Municipality of Bucharest (Bd. Regina Elisabeta 47, Bucharest, Romania); or (ii) the World Bank Group Romania (Str. Vasile Lascăr 31, et. 6, Sector 2, Bucharest, Romania). This report was delivered in March 2021 under the Reimbursable Advisory Services Agreement on the Bucharest Urban Development Program, concluded between the Municipality of Bucharest and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development on March 4, 2019. It is part of Output 3 under the above-mentioned agreement – Urban context and identification of key local issues and needs, and visions and objectives of IUDS and Identification of a long list of projects – under Component 1, which refers to the elaboration of Bucharest’s Integrated Urban Development Strategy, Capital Investment Planning, and Management AKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report has been delivered under the provisions of the Reimbursable Advisory Services Agreement on the Bucharest Urban Development Program and has been prepared under the guidance and supervision of Christoph Pusch (Practice Manager, Social, Urban, Rural and Resilience for Europe and Central Asia) and Tatiana Proskuryakova (Country Manager, Romania and Hungary). The report has been prepared by a team under the coordination of Dean Cira (Lead Urban Specialist) and composed of Andreea China (Senior Urban Development Specialist), Corina Chirilă (Senior Urban Development Specialist), Marius Cristea (Senior Urban Development Specialist), Andrei Mitrea (Urban Development Specialist), Alexandru Belenyi (Senior Urban Development Specialist), Marcel Ionescu-Heroiu (Senior Urban Development Speicalist), Marius Cristea (Senior Urban Development Specialist), Sorina Racoviceanu (Lead Urban Development Specialist), Carli Venter (Senior Urban Development Specialist), Oana Franț (Operations Specialist), Bianca Butacu (Analyst), Adina Vințan (Operations Specialist), Ioana Irimia (Communications Specialist) and George Moldoveanu (Information Assistant). The team would like to express its gratitude for the excellent cooperation, guidance, and timely feedback provided by the representatives of the Municipality of Bucharest, especially Mr. Nicușor Dan, Mr. Sorin Chiriță, Mr. Cătălin Zoican, Ms. Adriana Duțu, Ms. Luminița Glodea, and by the many other local and regional partners that have contributed to the elaboration of this report. ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ADI TPBI Bucharest-Ilfov Inter-Community Development Association for Public Transport ADI ZMB Inter-Community Development Agency for the Bucharest Metropolitan Area ADR BI Regional Development Agency Bucharest–Ilfov ALPAB Lakes, Parks and Leisure Administration CRE Commercial Real Estate CSP County Spatial Plan GDP Gross Domestic Product GLA Gross Leasable Area IUDP CZB Integrated Urban Development Plan for the Central Area of Bucharest PMB Municipality of Bucharest PUG General Urban Plan PUZ Zonal Urban Plan ROA Romanian Order of Architects SUMP Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 1 2 METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................................................................... 6 2.1 THE APPROACH ON HOUSING IN BUCHAREST ................................................................................................ 6 2.2 APPROACH ON PUBLIC SPACES IN BUCHAREST .............................................................................................. 7 2.3 THE APPROACH ON THE REAL ESTATE MARKET IN BUCHAREST ........................................................................... 9 3 ADMINISTRATIVE AND FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE OF BUCHAREST ......................................................... 14 3.1 ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE ................................................................................................................. 14 3.2 FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE ...................................................................................................................... 16 3.3 URBAN DEVELOPMENT DYNAMICS ........................................................................................................... 20 3.3.1 Urban sprawl ............................................................................................................................. 20 3.3.2 Densification process.................................................................................................................. 25 3.3.3 Land reserves ............................................................................................................................. 28 4 HOUSING IN BUCHAREST: RESULTS ........................................................................................................ 31 4.1 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS .......................................................................................................................... 31 4.1.1 Brief statistical profile of housing in Bucharest............................................................................ 32 4.1.1.1. Bucharest in International Context .......................................................................................................... 33 4.1.1.2. Existing Housing Stock ............................................................................................................................ 33 4.1.1.3. Selling and rental prices for dwellings ..................................................................................................... 36 4.1.1.4. Housing stock in Bucharest, by construction period ................................................................................. 37 4.1.1.5. Evolution of the existing number of dwellings ......................................................................................... 38 4.1.1.6. Evolution of the number of dwellings completed .................................................................................... 40 4.1.1.7. The dynamics of the real estate market of the residential buildings ......................................................... 44 4.1.1.8. Types of dwellings .................................................................................................................................. 46 4.1.1.9. Size of dwellings ..................................................................................................................................... 47 4.1.2.0. Inhabitants ............................................................................................................................................. 49 4.1.2.1. Housing Stock. Use and occupancy levels ................................................................................................ 51 4.1.2.2. Housing Overcrowding Rate.................................................................................................................... 52 4.2 EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................................ 53 4.2.1 Social housing stock in Bucharest and its inhabitants .................................................................. 53 4.2.2 Housing ensembles age and constructive system ........................................................................ 54 4.2.3 Inhabitants aged 0 to 14 years old .............................................................................................. 55 4.2.4 Inhabitants aged 15 to 64 years old ............................................................................................ 56 4.2.5 Inhabitants older than 64 years old ............................................................................................ 57 4.2.6 Residential stock age .................................................................................................................. 60 4.2.7 Amenities and citizen satisfaction ............................................................................................... 62 4.2.8 Rejuvenation index and Residential stock age ............................................................................. 65 5 PUBLIC SPACES IN BUCHAREST: RESULTS ............................................................................................... 68 5.1 ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC SPACES IN BUCHAREST ..............................................................................................