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CLEW Yearbook Clean Energy Wire | CLEW 2015 COP21 – The view from Germany | Clean Energy Wire Dossiers CLEW Yearbook Clean Energy Wire | CLEW 2015 Imprint The Clean Energy Wire supports journalists who cover Germany‘s Energiewende, providing international correspondents with an overview of the key stories, experts, decision-makers and facts of Germany’s landmark energy transition. Its news digest offers a daily snapshot of important energy policy reports, studies, policy decisions and current debates. The website provides in-depth background material and key contacts for journalists looking for information on Germany’s energy transition and climate policy. Sven Egenter Carel Carlowitz Mohn Kerstine Appunn Editor in Chief Dir. Media Programmes Correspondent Eva Freundorfer Sören Amelang Sandra Suck Programme Officer Correspondent Assistant Our team of journalists and media professionals in Berlin is avail- able to support journalists in their work. Clean Energy Wire CLEW Rosenstr. 2 10178 Berlin, Germany [email protected] +49 30 2844 90 200 Clean Energy Wire is a joint initiative of the European Climate Foundation and Stiftung Mercator under the roof of the Smart Energy for Europe Platform (SEFEP) gGmbH. Authors: Sören Amelang, Kerstine Appunn, Lars Borchert, Peter Dinkloh, Sven Egenter, Paul Hockenos, Ruby Russell, Jakob Schlandt, Ellen Thalman Design and typesetting: Annika Langer, Berlin Cover and Dossier images: © [Shutter81] Fotolia; © [Thomas Lehmann] iStock; © [ArpadNagy-Bagoly] Fotolia; © [mhp] Fotolia; © [PhotoSG] Fotolia; © [Alex Kotlov] iStock; © [WEMAG AG] Batteriespeicher Schwerin Akkuhalle; © [Lulla] Fotolia; © [nullplus] iStock; © [ictor] iStock; © [anweber] Fotolia; © [Bengt Lange] Moorburg Power Plant 11, Vattenfall; ©[hansenn] Fotolia; © [Gina Sanders] Fotolia; © [Sunny studio] Fotolia; © [Giso Bammel] Fotolia Portrait photos team: © [Detlef Eden] detlefeden.com Publication: Jan 2016 2 Introduction The year 2015 earned the label “historic” as it came to a Some dossier stories – like the History of the Energie- close. Observers hailed the Paris Agreement on climate wende – will provide valuable background for some action as a breakthrough for efforts to limit global time to come. The interviews in our pre-COP21 package warming. Whether the world will live up to its pledge continue to offer insights into the hopes and concerns remains to be seen. But the year will certainly have a of Energiewende players. Our dossiers are, as one jour- special place in the Clean Energy Wire’s history, as our nalist put it, a “treasure trove” of story leads, contacts first in full operation. and, most importantly, context. The articles in this yearbook showcase the Energie- Our small team of committed staff journalists and wende’s shifts in policy and plentiful challenges. And freelance editors and writers is close to achieving the it’s been an eventful year for the generational project almost 360° view of the Energiewende we are ultimate- of transforming Germany’s energy supply. ly aiming for. A closer look at the role of the financial industry and – putting a key piece of the puzzle in When we went online in November 2014, just uttering place – a first take on the mobility sector, will kick off the words “coal exit” was taboo among politicians. Now 2016’s round of dossiers, with necessary updates and the debate is in full swing. This was a year in which the new deep dives to follow. discussion over costs seemed to peak, and the reform of the Renewable Energy Act stoked fears of an end to Whatever role the events of 2015 will ultimately have the surging growth of wind and solar power. Yet at the played in the history of the global energy transition, we end of 2015, cost concerns are almost as prominent hope this dossier yearbook will be the first collection as they have ever been, while Germany chalks up a from a strong body of Energiewende coverage by the new record for renewable power production. The gov- Clean Energy Wire. ernment’s struggle to meet its own climate targets has Sven Egenter been a constant theme throughout. The Stiftung Mercator and the European Climate Foun- dation initiated our project with the goal of contributing to the successful move towards a low-carbon econo- my by supporting quality journalism. Right from the start, the dossier articles in this yearbook formed the backbone of our work to help international journalists understand and cover the Energiewende. The articles, each fact-checked and often re-written several times, provide context and set out the state of play on key issues of the complex Energiewende story. They do not aim to be the final word. Instead, they give a snapshot of ongoing debates. Some events unfolded so fast the articles featured in this yearbook – such as the dossier on power market reform – have been fully revised and updated. At the same time, our factsheets, news stories and press digest on cleanenergywire.org keep readers abreast of the Energiewende’s twists and turns. 3 Clean Energy Wire | CLEW 2015 Contents Introduction . 3 COP21 - The view from Germany (Interview series) . 6 “The energy transition is not a cakewalk” . 8 says Frederik Moch, German Trade Union Association (DGB) . “Next innovation wave in economy will be ‘green’” . 9 says Dirk Messner, Development Institute (DIE) . “Old business models are challenged by Energiewende” . 11 says Rüdiger Senft, Commerzbank . “We must err on the side of caution” . 13 says Hans-Otto Pörtner, Alfred Wegener Institut . “Paris must send signal for global fossil fuel exit” . 14 says Regine Günther, WWF Germany . “Paris must be starting point for carbon price talks” . 16 says Ottmar Edenhofer, Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change . “Energy sector key to cutting CO2 but cannot do job alone” . 18 says Uwe Franke, German Member Committee of the World Energy Council . “World expects Germany to lead way with Energiewende” . 19 says Jennifer Morgan, World Resources Institute . “We need a global deal and national efforts” . 21 says Daniela Jacob, Climate Service Center Germany (GERICS) . “Emissions trading is the key to climate protection” . 23 says Katherina Reiche, VKU German Association of Local Utilities . “Paris deal no guaranteed home-run” . 24 says Karsten Sach, Environment Ministry . “Machinery makers to benefit from global climate deal” . 26 says Naemi Denz, German Engineering Federation VDMA . “Germany must commit to brown coal exit before Paris” . 28 says Sabine Minninger, Bread for the World . Since 2008 . “EU must speak with one voice” . 30 says Reimund Schwarze, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research . CLEW Dossiers 2014/2015 The challenges of Germany’s nuclear phase-out . 32 The Energiewende and efficiency . 44 The power market and the energy transition . 54 Energiewende effects on power prices, costs and industry . 62 4 The Energiewende and its implications for international security . 72 New technologies for the Energiewende . 80 Germany’s energy transition in the European context . 88 The history of the Energiewende . 96 The energy transition’s effect on jobs and business . 106 The people’s Energiewende . 116 Utilities and the energy transition . 122 The energy transition and climate change . 133 The energy transition and Germany’s power grid . 138 The social impact of Germany‘s energy transition . 146 EEG 2.0 – A new legal framework for the German energy transition . 152 5 Clean Energy Wire | CLEW 2015 6 Dossier COP21 - The view from Germany German positions on the Paris Climate Summit 7 Dec 2015 | Sören Amelang, Hopes for the Paris Climate Summit from Kerstine Appunn 30 November to 11 December are high, but will the COP21 become a breakthrough for global efforts to reign in climate change? In this dossier, the Clean Energy Wire presents German perspectives on the summit and a new climate agreement. A series of interviews will highlight positions of activists, researchers, businesses, politicians and negotiators. The factsheet “Controversial climate summit issues – positions in Germany” gives an overview of the most disputed issues at the COP21 – e.g. climate finance and differentiation – and highlights the position of the German government and civil society on these topics. The results of the Paris summit have strong implications for the Germany’s Energiewende, the move to simultaneously phase-out nuclear power and decarbonise the economy. Clean Energy Wire | CLEW 2015 German positions on the Paris Climate Summit energy transition is a good example. We should remain Interview 1 The energy a model for how climate action, socially responsible transition is not actions and prosperity can be achieved simultaneously. We have to do some homework on this but, general- a cakewalk ly, we should continue to show that an industrialised country like Germany can achieve a climate-friendly The final negotiations for a global cli- economy. With the energy transition, we have seen an mate treaty are underway in Paris. increase in innovation in all economic sectors and we have seen new jobs emerging in the renewables indus- What is the German perspective on an try. But we have also seen challenges: there has been international climate agreement and no breakthrough in energy efficiency policy, there are issues with the grid expansion and we are facing major what has the energy transition structural change in the energy sector that will impact (Energiewende) got to do with it? The the workforce. And looking at the renewables sector: Clean Energy Wire talks to German Green jobs have to become good jobs – co-determined and well-paid! The energy transition is not a cakewalk businesses, researchers, negotiators, but it is necessary. politicians and activists who have stakes in the talks. Today: Frederik Moch, Head Do all the different trade unions in Germany support the energy transition? of Division for Energy Policy at the We have a consensus that the energy transition is nec- German Trade Union Association (DGB). essary not only for the climate, but also to innovate the country. All unions in Germany agree that the energy CLEW: What would transition is an opportunity.
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