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Constraints Facing the Implementation of Inclusive Education in Tanzania’S Primary Schools: a Case of Ikungi District

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Constraints Facing the Implementation of Inclusive Education in Tanzania’S Primary Schools: a Case of Ikungi District The University of Dodoma University of Dodoma Institutional Repository http://repository.udom.ac.tz Education Master Dissertations 2017 Constraints facing the implementation of þÿinclusive education in Tanzania s primary schools: a case of Ikungi district Katanga, Jonah Robert The University of Dodoma Katanga, J. R. (2017). Constraints facing the implementation of inclusive education in þÿTanzania s primary schools: a case of Ikungi district.Dodoma: The University of Dodoma http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12661/419 Downloaded from UDOM Institutional Repository at The University of Dodoma, an open access institutional repository. CONSTRAINTS FACING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN TANZANIA’S PRIMARY SCHOOLS: A CASE OF IKUNGI DISTRICT JONAH ROBERT KATANGA MASTER OF ARTS IN EDUCATION THE UNIVERSITY OF DODOMA OCTOBER, 2017 CONSTRAINTS FACING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN TANZANIA’S PRIMARY SCHOOLS: A CASE OF IKUNGI DISTRICT By Jonah Robert Katanga A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Education of the University of Dodoma. The University of Dodoma October, 2017 CERTIFICATION The undersigned certifies that he has read and hereby recommends for acceptance by the University of Dodoma a Dissertation entitled “Constraints Facing the Implementation of Inclusive Education in Tanzania’s Primary Schools” in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts of the University of Dodoma. …………………………………………. Dr. Juhud Cosmas (SUPERVISOR) Date……………………………………… i DECLARATION AND COPYRIGHT I, Katanga, Jonah R, declare that this dissertation is my own original work and that it has not been presented anywhere and will not be presented to any other University for a similar or any other degree award. Signature………………… No part of this dissertation may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without asking prior written permission of the author or the University of Dodoma. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I owe my sincere thanks to the Almighty God for his guidance and strength since the commencement of this work to the time of completion as without him I couldn‘t have done anything. I wish to express my sincere appreciations and thanks to my supervisor, Dr Juhud, Cosmas for his academic support and intellectual guidance during my study; its through his enormous help and advice I managed to fulfill my study. I wish to extend my gratitude and appreciation to my respondents who took time to answer my questions and gave me encouragement to finish this dissertation. Special thanks should also be extended to my young brother Adonis Byemelwa for his moral and technical support especially on data analysis. My sisters Mary Christer Katanga, Beatrice Katanga and my Brothers Christian Katanga and John Katanga deserve my deeply thanks for prayers and encouragement to me during my study. I would like to extend my profound gratitude to Ikungi District Executive Director, the District Education Officers and my Head of Department for their valuable help, support and assistance throughout my study. I say thank you all for your assistance. I finally express my deeply heart thanks to my lovely wife Elianora Katanga, my lovely daughters Sima, Inna, Ainekisha, Namala and Juliana Katanga and my beloved son Moses Katanga for their endless prayers and encouragement, serenity, understanding and support throughout my study. God bless you all. iii DEDICATION I dedicate this dissertation to my lovely family. May God bless them entirely for their endless love and care to me throughout the entire period of my study. iv ABSTRACT This study aimed at investigating the constraints facing implementation of inclusive model of education through exploration of how interactive, cooperative, participative, supportive and effective it is to learners with disability and their attitude against the concept in primary schools in Tanzania particularly in Ikungi District and the mitigation strategies in place. It is a qualitative case study with phenomenological approach and was guided by bio-ecological systems theory. Sampling of this study employed purposive sampling to obtain the respondents whereby 97 respondents were selected. This involved district education officials, head teachers from inclusive schools, teachers, pupils with and without disability and parents. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions and documentary review and were analyzed through descriptive and interpretive approaches. The findings revealed that some constraints exist in implementation of Inclusive education in selected schools. These are mainly on inadequate teacher training on special needs learners, shortage of teaching and learning facilities, poor and incomplete infrastructure and insufficient funding. The constraints affect effective learning to learners with disability. Also findings revealed that there is inconsistency in curriculum modifications and changes which don‘t consider special education. The study revealed that no specific strategies in place to mitigate the constraints in implementation of inclusive education. Government should make deliberate efforts to improve teaching and learning environment of inclusive schools by establishing good teachers training, modifying curriculum inclusive in favor of special needs learners, allocating sufficient budget and improving community participation in supporting inclusion in education for best education development to children with disability. v TABLE OF CONTENTS CERTIFICATION ........................................................................................................ i DECLARATION AND COPYRIGHT ........................................................................ ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................ iii DEDICATION ............................................................................................................ iv ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................. v TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................ vi LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................... ix LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................... x LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................................. xi LIST OF ABREVIATIONS ....................................................................................... xii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ...................................................................... 1 1.1 Background to the Problem .................................................................................... 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem ....................................................................................... 4 1.3 Objectives of the Study .......................................................................................... 5 1.4 Research Questions ................................................................................................ 5 1.5 Significance of the Study ....................................................................................... 6 1.6 Scope and Delimitations ........................................................................................ 8 1.7 Definition of key terms .......................................................................................... 9 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ....................................................... 10 2.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 10 2.2 Theoretical Framework ........................................................................................ 10 2.3 Empirical Review ................................................................................................. 15 2.3.1 Literature Review Out of Tanzania ................................................................... 15 2.3.2 Literature Review in Tanzania .......................................................................... 16 2.3.3 Policies on Inclusive Education ........................................................................ 20 2.3.4 Challenges facing inclusive Schools ................................................................. 21 2.4 Conceptual Framework ........................................................................................ 22 2.5 Research Gap ....................................................................................................... 24 vi CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ...................................... 26 3.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 26 3.2 Research Design ................................................................................................... 26 3.3 Location of the Study ........................................................................................... 27 3.4 Target Population ................................................................................................. 27 3.5 Sample and Sampling Procedures ........................................................................ 28 3.6 Methods of Data Collection.
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