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An Assessment of the Impact of Kiswahili on Kinyaturu: a Case of Chahi Dialect

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An Assessment of the Impact of Kiswahili on Kinyaturu: a Case of Chahi Dialect The University of Dodoma University of Dodoma Institutional Repository http://repository.udom.ac.tz Humanities Master Dissertations 2015 An assessment of the impact of Kiswahili on Kinyaturu: a case of Chahi dialect Mayombwe, Chima The University of Dodoma Mayombwe, C. (2015). An assessment of the impact of Kiswahili on Kinyaturu: a case of Chahi dialect. Dodoma: The University of Dodoma. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12661/623 Downloaded from UDOM Institutional Repository at The University of Dodoma, an open access institutional repository. AN ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF KISWAHILI ON KINYATURU: A CASE OF CHAHI DIALECT By Chima Mayombwe A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master Degree of Arts in Linguistics of the University of Dodoma University of Dodoma October, 2015 CERTIFICATION The undersigned certifies that he has read and hereby recommends for the acceptance by the University of Dodoma the dissertation entitled: “An Assessment of the impact of Kiswahili on Kinyaturu; A case of Chahi Dialect in Singida” in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Master Degree of Arts (Linguistics) of the University of Dodoma. ……………………………………………… Dr. Stanislav, B. (Supervisor) Date………………………………………………… i DECLARATION AND COPYRIGHT It is hereby declared that, this valuable Research is my personal creation. The work is neither a copy nor alteration of any part or whole work of any person or institution and it has never been presented to any academic institution for academic award. Any sufficient or insufficient information found herein should be accredited to the Researcher. Signature……………………………………. No part of this thesis may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without written permission of the author or the University of Dodoma. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The completion of this work is in fact a combination of many cooperative hands since the dawn of the idea. It is next to impossible to mention all of them in this paper, but I would like to humbly bow down before you my living God through JESUS CHRIST for your endless mercies and grace in our life. I truly thank our loving guardian and teacher (lecturer) Dr. Rafiki Y Sebonde for being a reason to every success in this product. I humbly appreciate the immeasurable loving efforts of our instructor and my Supervisor Dr Stanislav B who is the cause of this work. I thank my better-half, my wife for being by my side and her ceaseless fervent prayers. I love you our beloved children, Sifa Liti (daughter) and Asante Mayombwe (son). May God bless and increase you always for enduring my absence this long. It is my prayer that the immeasurable and unspeakable love may stay with you my true brother, late Joseph M Chima, for being my courage. I will always keep you in my memory Mz Clement Mnkeni for giving me enough. My heartfelt gratitude also goes to my M.A. Linguistics 2013/2015 classmates for their valuable inputs into this research. Thanks to Mr. Ilumva, Obadia Kigwinya, Nyudike, Maria G (Mrs), Kayuni S, Lupenza H and Mr Henry Peter (MPA) my room-mate for everything you did to me. I appreciate the contributions of Mang‟onyi, Mwau and Mbogho primary schools teachers and pupils for their kindness and knowledge. All of you may almighty God bless you and be prosperous always. iii DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my beloved brother the late Joseph M Chima and to our loving Children Sifa Liti and Asante iv ABSTRACT Tanzania is priviledged with the enormous linguistic diversity. It is estimated that there are more than 150 Ethnic Community languages in Tanzania, many fall under Bantu languages. Other groups are Nilotics, Cushites, Swahili, Khoisans, Arabs, Indians and others. Osogo (1979), the largest language group in terms of number is the Sukuma with over five million native speakers. Next to it is Nyamwezi, Ha, Chagga and Makonde to mention a few. Wanyaturu who speak Kinyaturu ranks number ten in respect to the number of native speakers. Theoretical framework used to guide this study was Batibo‟s (1992) marked bilingualism model. The research aimed at assessing the impact of Kiswahili on ECLs and Chahi dialect of Kinyaturu which was taken and studied as a case study. They are estimated today to have been about one million speakers of Kinyaturu. Their habitat is Singida region. The data of this study were collected through Questionnaires, Interview sessions and participant observation. The data collected were then analysed through description and statistically presented. The area of the field was Ikungi District in Singida region. The data were mainly collected from Mang‟onyi Ward. For the purpose of enriching the study, other areas where other dialects of Kinyaturu were visited which included Mtinko, Ilongero, Sepuka, Mungaa and Ihanja Wards in Singida and Ikungi districts. The major findings of the study reveal that there is a serious and great threat to Kinyaturu. The findings show that Kinyaturu though is spoken by large community; it is faced with serious threat from Kiswahili since most domains of language use are taken by Kiswahili leaving Kinyaturu with informal home domain only. It is very important for language stakeholders to take necessary measures of rescuing Kinyaturu from further loss. The research greatly challenges linguists, anthropologists, sociolinguists, government and the Tanzanians in general to wake up and stop this linguistic “Colonialism” in Tanzania and Africa in general. This has stirred the linguistics students‟ to conduct more researches on other languages and raise their voices to the policy makers with the aim that they will act accordingly to safeguard these heritage languages. v TABLE OF CONTENTS CERTIFICATION ..................................................................................................... i DECLARATION AND COPYRIGHT .................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .......................................................................................iii DEDICATION .......................................................................................................... iv ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................... vi LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................... ix LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................... x LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................. xi CHAPTER ONE: BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY ......................................... 1 1.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 1 1:1. The Turu Overview: ......................................................................................... 1 1:1:2. Variations among Dialects of Kinyaturu ....................................................... 3 1:1:3 Nyaturu Vowels and Consonants ................................................................... 7 1:4. Naming Tradition in Nyaturu ......................................................................... 10 1:2. Tanzania Language Policy .............................................................................. 17 1:8. Background to the Study ................................................................................ 18 1:9. Statement of the Problem ................................................................................ 20 1:10. Objectives of the Study ................................................................................. 21 1:10:1. General Objective ...................................................................................... 21 1:10:2. Specific Objectives .................................................................................... 21 1:11. The study Questions were:- .......................................................................... 22 1:12. Significance of the Study .............................................................................. 22 1:13. Scope of the Study ........................................................................................ 22 1:14. Limitation of the Study ................................................................................. 23 1:15. Definitions of Terms and Concepts .............................................................. 23 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ...................................................... 26 2:1. Introduction ..................................................................................................... 26 2:2. Language Contact ........................................................................................... 26 2:2:1 Causes of Language Contact ........................................................................ 26 vi 2:2:2. Language Contact Characteristics ............................................................... 29 2:2:3. Impact of Language Contact ........................................................................ 31 2:3. Literature Review ........................................................................................... 40 2:4. Theoretical Framework ................................................................................... 45 2:5. Research Gap .................................................................................................
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