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Hanan's Semi-Final 3 UNIVERSITY OF PETRA اا English Department Inconsistency of Qur'anic Translation: A Case Study of Qur'anic Ghareeb (Unusual) Lexicons ﺗ ا اآ : درا ت اآن ا A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Translation By Hanan Mustafa Daghmash Supervised by Prof. Abdullah Shunnaq Amman- Jordan April 2013 Inconsistency of Qur'anic Translation: A Case Study of Qur'anic Ghareeb (Unusual) Lexicons Submitted by Hanan Mustafa Daghmash In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Translation The thesis is approved by: Committee Chair: Prof. Abdullah Shunnaq Examining Committee 1. Prof. Rajai Al- Khanji.....................................External Examiner 2. Prof. Suleiman Ahmad...................................Member 3. Dr, Ula Al- Dabbagh......................................Member i i Dedication No road in life is difficult to travel once you believe in yourself, your inner strength and your inner potential. To everyone who inspired me in my life, I dedicate this thesis. ii ii Acknowledgments I humbly thank Allah, the Almighty, the Merciful, the Beneficent, Who gave me health, thoughts and co-operative people to enable me achieve this thesis. I also thank my parents, brothers and sisters for their never- ending moral support and prayers, which have always acted as a catalyst in my academic life. My deepest gratitude and appreciation go to my supervisor Prof. Abdullah Shunnaq for his endless support and invaluable guidance. Special thanks and sincere respect also go to the members of the Examining Committee Prof. Rajai Al-Khanji, Prof. Suleiman Ahmad and Dr. Ula Al-Dabbagh for their comments, which have put me on the threshold of scientific research. I would like also to extend my appreciation to the students of the Jordanian Universities whose theses helped me. Finally, I thank Dr. Reem Sartawi of the University of Petra, who inspired me to write on an important topic which I hope will pave the way for further research in the future. iii iii Abstract Inconsistency of Qur'anic Translations: A Case Study of Qur'anic Ghareeb (Unusual) Lexicons This study is a contrastive research of Qur’anic translations dealing with "Ghareeb" (unusual Qur’anic words and expressions). It aims to investigate the appropriateness of Ghareeb translation and examines how adequate the renditions are. It also investigates how semi-adequate or inadequate translation can distort the meanings conveyed in the Holy Qur'an. The study analyzes four interpretations made by Abdullah Yusuf Ali, Muhammad Zufrullah Khan, T. B Irving and Muhammad Marmaduke Pickthall, and compares their translations of " Ghareeb " terms with one of the most recent interpretations of Ghareeb compiled by Mohammad Altonji. Through studying sixty- four examples quoted from the Holy Qur'an together with their English translations, followed by discussions, explanations and analyses, the study concludes that there are some shortcomings in the renditions of the four translators. Therefore, new renditions for these "lexicons" are iv iv suggested depending on Muhammad Abdel Haleem translation and some other trustworthy exegetes including Ibn Katheer, Al- Zamakhshary, Al- Razi and Al- Qurtuby . v v ا ﺗ ا اآ: درا ت اآن ا ُف ھه اراُ إ ِر ت ِ اآن وإ ﱡا ِ ى ء ھه ِات ِ ِ ا. ُ ى ِ ِا ا ِا ﱢا اآ. و د اُ ِأر ٍت ه ادات، ھ ُ ﷲ , وُ س ب ا, وُ وك ل وُ ظ ﷲ ن. ْور ِ ِ اآن ا ا اآن ا اي أه ا . و و اُ ارً و ً ِاآن ا، ْوو ٍت ًَ ِد إ ِ ا, و اات ا ْوردت ه ات ُ ِأ ا ِء ا ا واي واازي واط . ْأَ ٍت ٍوات ْوت.وُ ُ ھه اراُ إ ّأن َھك م إق ْ ِ ِات ار ِا ِاآن ا. vi vi Transliteration System of Arabic Characters Taken from the Journal of Qur'anic Research and Studies Arabic letters Transliteration (consonants) ' ء Ā ا B ب T ت Th ث J ج ḩ ح Kh خ D د Dh ذ R ر z ز S س Sh ش ṣ ص ḍ ض ṭ ط z̧ ظ ʿ ع Gh غ F ف vii Q ق K ك L ل M م N ن H ه w as a consonant and و ū as a vowel y as a consonant and ي i as a vowel Short vowels are to be transliterated as follows: .( ُ ◌ ) a for fat ḩah ( ◌ َ ), i for kasrah ( ◌ ِ ), u for ḍammah .Transliterated as h, but t when mu ḍāf :ة .Transliterated as al whether shamsiyyah or qamariyyah : ال viii Table of Contents DEDICATION ....................................................................................................................................... II ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ....................................................................................................................... III ABSTRACT .........................................................................................................................................IV VI......................................................................................................................................... ا TRANSLITERATION SYSTEM OF ARABIC CHARACTERS ..................................................................... VII TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................................................... IX CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 1 1.1 PREVIEW ........................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 DEFINITIONS ....................................................................................................................................... 2 1.2.1 Definitions of Translation ........................................................................................................ 3 1.2.2 Definition of "Ghreeb" in Language ........................................................................................ 6 1.2.3 Definition of the Unusual Qur’anic terms ............................................................................... 7 1.3 PROBLEM OF THE STUDY ..................................................................................................................... 10 1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY ............................................................................................................... 10 1.5 PLAN OF THE STUDY ........................................................................................................................... 10 CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE .......................................................................... 12 2.1 BIBLICAL TRANSLATION ....................................................................................................................... 12 2.2 TRANSLATIONS OF THE HOLY QUR ’AN ................................................................................................... 14 2.3 ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS OF THE HOLY QUR 'AN ....................................................................................... 18 2.4 OVERVIEW OF SELECTED TRANSLATIONS : BIOGRAPHIES AND TRANSLATION WORKS ....................................... 22 2.4.1 Abdullah Yusuf Ali ................................................................................................................. 22 2.4.2 Muhammad Zafrullah Khan .................................................................................................. 24 2.4.3 T.B. Irving .............................................................................................................................. 25 2.4.4 Muhammad Marmaduke Pickthall ....................................................................................... 27 2.4.5 Muhammad Abdel Haleem ................................................................................................... 29 2.4.6 Mohammad Altonji ............................................................................................................... 31 CHAPTER THREE: GHAREEB (UNUSUAL) QUR’ANIC TERMS: EXPLANATIONS AND ANALYSES .......... 33 CHAPTER FOUR: SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................... 78 4.1 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................. 78 4.2 RECOMMENDATIONS : ........................................................................................................................ 80 BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................................. 82 85 .................................................................................................................................. اا ا ELECTRONIC SOURCES: ..................................................................................................................... 87 ix ix List of Qur'anic Terms 34 .......................................................................................................................................................................... َ ِ ٌ 35 ....................................................................................................................................................................... ُ ﱢ َت 35 ........................................................................................................................................................................... َ ْ ًدا 36 ........................................................................................................................................................................... َ ْ َه ُ 37 ....................................................................................................................................................................
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