The Journal of Kentucky Studies Volume Thirty-One 2014-2016 the Journal of Kentucky Studies

The Journal of Kentucky Studies Volume Thirty-one 2014-2016 Volume The Journal of Kentucky Studies Northern Kentucky University The Journal of Kentucky Studies Editor Gary Walton Northern Kentucky University Assistant Editor Donelle Dreese Northern Kentucky University Contributors The Journal welcomes articles on any theme—art, commentary, critical essays, history, literary criticism, short fiction, and poetry. Black and white photography is also accepted. Subject matter is not restricted to Kentucky. All manuscripts should follow the University of Chicago Manual of Style, be double-spaced, and be submitted in triplicate with S.A.S.E. Please include e-mail address. Also, please visit our website: https://kentuckystudiesjournal.wordpress.com The Journal is published yearly by the Northern Kentucky University Department of English. Statements of fact and opinion are made on the responsibility of the authors alone. All articles and other correspondence should be sent to: Northern Kentucky University, Gary Walton, Editor, The Journal of Kentucky Studies, Department of English, Nunn Drive, Highland Heights, Kentucky 41099. Phone (859) 572-5418. E-Mail: [email protected] Subscriptions Subscriptions are $20.00 per issue, pre-paid. Send checks or money orders to: Gary Walton, Editor, The Journal of Kentucky Studies, Department of English, Northern Kentucky University, Nunn Drive, Highland Heights, Kentucky 41099. Cover Photo Front cover photo: by Nelson Pilsner ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ Northern Kentucky University © 2016 Northern Kentucky University ISSN 8755-4208 This publication was prepared by Northern Kentucky University and printed with state funds (KRS 57.375). Northern Kentucky University is committed to building a diverse faculty and staff for employment and promotion to ensure the highest quality of workforce and to foster an environment that embraces the broad range of human diversity. The university is committed to equal employment opportunity, affirmative action, and eliminating discrimination. This commitment is consistent with an intellectual community that celebrates individual differences and diversity as well as being a matter of law. Discrimination against any individual based upon protected status, which is defined as age, color, disability, gender, national origin, race, religion, sexual orientation, or veteran status, is prohibited. The university will provide equal opportunity to all employees in regard to salaries, promotions, benefits, and working conditions and will monitor these areas to ensure that any differences that may exist are the result of bona fide policies and procedures and are not the result of illegal discrimination. 56559 The Journal of Kentucky Studies Acknowledgments ❖ The editors wish to express thanks to Northern Kentucky University for the funding of this journal and for the released time for its editing. Contributors ❖ James B. Goode is a Professor Emeritus of English with the Kentucky Com- munity and Technical College System. He holds an A.A., B.A., and M.A. from the University of Kentucky and an M.F.A. in Creative Writing: Fiction from Murray State University. He has published six books of poetry and non-fiction to date. His poetry, fiction, creative non-fiction, and essays frequently appear in national and international magazines. He currently serves as the Lexington Carnegie Center’s Coordinator of the Kentucky Writers Hall of Fame, is a mentor in their Authors Academy, and teaches a literature course centered on writings by Kentucky Writers Hall of Fame Inductees. Marguerite Guzman Bouvard is the author of six books and two chapbooks of poetry. Her latest book of poems, The Unpredictability of Light, won the MassBook award for Poetry. Her poems have been widely anthologized. She is also the author of twelve non-fiction books. Her latest The Invisible Wounds of War; Coming Home from Iraq and Afghanistan, has just come out. She is a Resident Scholar at the Women’s Studies Research Center, Brandeis University. Raymond Abbott lives in Louisville, Kentucky. For much of his life he has been employed as a social worker, most recently working with severally mentally ill adults in Louisville. He is the recipient of many awards for his writing, including the Whiting Writers Award; a National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship; an Al Smith Fellowship; and a Kentucky Arts Council award. He is currently at work on a novel, a contemporary story, set in Kentucky. Richard Hague is Writer-in-Residence at Thomas More College in Crestview Hills, Kentucky. His sixteen collections include During The Recent Extinctions: New & Selected Poems l984-2012 (Dos Madres Press, 2012) which won the 2012 Weatherford Award in Poetry in 2012. Milltown Natural: Stories And Essays from A Life (Bottom Dog Press, l997) was a National Book Award nominee. Alive in Hard Country (Bottom Dog Press, 2003) was named 2003 Poetry Book of the Year by the Appalachian Writers Association and for Ripening (The Ohio State University Press, l984) he was named 1985 Co-Poet of the Year in Ohio by the Ohio Poetry Day As- sociation. He has received four Ohio Arts Council fellowships in two genres, and was a Scholar in Creative Nonfiction at Bread Loaf. His collection Beasts, River, Drunk Men, Garden, Burst, & Light: Sequences and Long Poems is forthcoming in 2016. Rhonda Pettit teaches writing and literature at the University of Cincinnati Blue Ash College, where she is also editor of the Blue Ash Review, and coordinator of annual poetry events and writing contests. She is the author of a chapbook of poems, Fetal Waters (Finishing Line Press, 2012) and a poetic drama about sex slavery, The Global Lovers, which premiered at the 2010 Cincinnati Fringe Festival. Her collaborative writing/collage projects with H. Michael Sanders, as well as individual pieces, were part of the Gaps and Overlaps exhibition at the UCBA Art Gallery in 2015, as well as the Dada Lives exhibition there in 2016. She is at work on two poetry manuscripts and a collage series. Her previous scholarship focused on Dorothy Parker (A Gendered Collision (2000) and The Critical Waltz (2005), and other women poets. Kevin McHugh taught English for over thirty years to students from grade six through college. In that time he earned awards for excellence in teaching, including three-time recognition by the Ashland Teacher Achievement Awards Program. He currently serves as the proofreading/copy manager for the Cincinnati office of Landor Associates, an international branding and design consulting firm. Kevin is the author of professional and historical articles, and an editor of/contributor to poetry collections, literature and writing texts. He has been active in Irish and Irish-American organizations and is a founder and a director of the Tapestry of Irish Culture series at Thomas More College in Northern Kentucky. Kevin lives in Cincinnati with his wife, Chris, the managing editor of The Artist’s Magazine. They have two grown children, Katie and Brendan. X.J. Kennedy was born in Dover, New Jersey in 1929. He is the author of sixteen poetry collections, including Nude Descending a Staircase (1961), Cross Ties: Se- lected Poems (1985), and In a Prominent Bar in Secaucus: New and Selected Poems (2007). He has also written seven textbooks, not including additional editions, and nineteen children’s books. In addition, Kennedy has collaborated, as editors, with his wife Dorothy. His honors include fellowships from the Guggenheim Foundation, the National Endowment for the Arts, the Bess Hokin Prize, the Lamont Award, the Shelley Memorial Award, and the Robert Frost Medal from the Poetry Society of America. He served four years in the U.S. Navy’s Atlantic Fleet as a journalist and photographer. He was a former poetry editor for The Paris Review and in the early 1970s, he published the magazine Counter/Measures. Kennedy taught at the Univer- sity of Michigan, Tufts University, Wellesley College, the University of California at Irvine, and at the University of Leeds. X.J. Kennedy currently lives in Lexington, Massachusetts. George Ella Lyon, a native of Harlan County, is the author of four books of poetry, a novel, a memoir, a short story collection as well as 37 books for young readers including With a Hammer for My Heart (U of Kentucky P, 2007), and Don’t You Remember? (MotesBooks, 2007). Lyon’s honors include a Kentucky Arts Council Al Smith Fellowship, fellowships to the Hambidge Center for the Arts, numerous grants from the Kentucky Foundation for Women, a Pushcart Prize nomination and a feature in the PBS series, The United States of Poetry. Her books have been chosen for the Appalachian Book of the Year award, the Aesop Prize, American Library As- sociation’s Schneider Family Book Award, the Jane Addams Honor Book, the Golden Kite Award, the New York Public Library’s Best Book for Teens list and the Parents’ Choice Silver Medal. With a Hammer My Heart was chosen for Borders’ “Original Voices” series, adapted as a play, and optioned by filmmakers. She is currently the 2016 Poet Laureate of Kentucky. Pauletta Hansel has had poems and prose featured in journals including Kudzu, Appalachian Journal, Appalachian Heritage and Still: The Journal, and on The Writer’s Almanac and American Life in Poetry. She is author of five poetry collections, most recently Tangle (Dos Madres Press, 2015). Pauletta is co-editor of Pine Mountain Sand & Gravel, the literary publication of Southern Appalachian Writers Cooperative. Recently named Cincinnati’s first Poet Laureate, Pauletta leads writing workshops and

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