DOCSLIB.ORG

Tratamiento Taxonómico Del Género Dendrobangia Rusby (Cardiopteridaceae O Icacinaceae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Tratamiento Taxonómico Del Género Dendrobangia Rusby (Cardiopteridaceae O Icacinaceae) Tratamiento taxonómico del género Dendrobangia Rusby (Cardiopteridaceae o Icacinaceae) Rodrigo Duno de Stefano Abstract Résumé DUNO DE STEFANO, R. (2007). Taxonomical treatment of the genus Den- DUNO DE STEFANO, R. (2007).Traitement taxonomique du genre Dendro- drobangia Rusby (Cardiopteridaceae or Icacinaceae). Candollea 62: 91-103. bangia Rusby (Cardiopteridaceae ou Icacinaceae). Candollea 62: 91-103. In Spanish, French and English abstracts. En espagnol, résumé français et anglais. The taxonomic treatment of the genus Dendrobangia Rusby Le traitement taxonomique du genre Dendrobangia Rusby is presented for Neotropics, the taxonomic position of this genus est présenté pour les Néotropiques, sa position sytématique being no yet resolved (Cardiopteridaceae or Icacinaceae). n’étant pas encore résolue (Cardiopteridaceae ou Icacinaceae). Dendrobangia includes two species: Dendrobangia boliviana Dendrobangia comprend deux espèces: Dendrobangia boli- Rusby and Dendrobangia multinerva Ducke. A lecto type is viana Rusby et Dendrobangia multinerva Ducke. Un lectotype designated for Dendrobangia boliviana. The genus is present est choisi pour Dendrobangia boliviana. Le genre est présent from Costa Rica to Brazil and Bolivia. du Costa Rica jusqu’au Brésil et à la Bolivie. Key-Words CARDIOPTERIDACEAE – ICACINACEAE – Dendrobangia – Neotropics – Taxonomy Dirección del autor: Herbario CICY, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A. C. (CICY), Calle 43. No. 130. Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, México A. P. 87, Cordemex, Mérida 97200, Yucatán, México. Email: [email protected] Recibido el 7 Noviembre 2006. Aceptado el 19 Abril 2007. ISSN: 0373-2967 Candollea 62(1): 91-103 (2007) © CONSERVATOIRE ET JARDIN BOTANIQUES DE GENÈVE 2007 92 – Candollea 62, 2007 Introducción (DUCKE, 1943) y D. tenuis Ducke (DUCKE, 1945). Información taxonómica parcial del género ha sido incluida en la flora Dendrobangia Rusby es un género con dos especies de Panamá (HOWARD, 1976), las Guianas (ROON, 1994) y la distribuido en los trópicos del Nuevo Mundo desde Costa Rica Guayana venezolana (HOWARD & DUNO, 1999). hasta Brasil y Bolivia. Dendrobangia es fácilmente reconoci- ble en muestras vivas y de herbario por su hábito arbóreo con pelos lepidoto-estrellados en sus ramas jóvenes, pecíolos, hojas y también en el cáliz, corola, ovario y fruto. Las flores son arti- Materiales y métodos culadas en la base, con 3 pares de bractéolas decusadas; y por Se estudio material botánico de los herbarios: BM, F, G, último, los pétalos están unidos hasta la mitad de su longitud y el ápice se prolonga en un apéndice en forma de mazo. GOET, HUH, K, MA, MEXU, MO, NY, P y US. La informa- ción de las etiquetas fue almacenada en una base de datos y Originalmente, RUSBY (1896) relacionó este género con otras taxa neotropicales de las Icacinaceae; Villaresia Ruiz & Pav. aquellas que carecen de datos geográficos (coordenadas) fue- (= Citronella D. Don), Poraqueiba Aubl. y Emmotum Desv. ron georeferenciadas con ayuda del gacetero electrónico de la Universidad de California (Alexandria Digital Library Gazet- Sin embargo, un año después el propio autor (RUSBY, 1897), reconsideró dicho comentario y destacó que en base a carac- teer Server Client. 2004). La metodología empleada en este teres morfológicos, Dendrobangia se relaciona con géneros trabajo es, en líneas generales, la recomendada por LEENHOUTS paleotropicales de la misma familia. Hasta la fecha, la infor- (1968). Las muestras de herbario fueron estudiadas utilizando mación de la anatomía de la madera (tipos de haces vascula- un microscopio estereoscópico Nikon SMZ800 y las observa- res del xilema, de elementos de vaso y traqueidas con sus per- ciones fueron realizadas sobre las mismas muestras y algunas foraciones, rayos y parénquima) reafirma esta última opinión flores fueron prehidratadas para su posterior estudio. Las obser- (BAILEY & HOWARD, 1941a, 1941b, 1941c, 1941d; HEINTZEL- vaciones se realizaron en forma sistemática siguiendo el orden MAN & HOWARD, 1948). Por último, un reciente estudio cla- tradicional; caracteres vegetativos, caracteres reproductivos, dístico basado en caracteres moleculares y morfológicos de las etc. Para la terminología se ha utilizado las siguientes refe- Icacinaceae (KÅREHED, 2001) ha demostrado, que al menos la rencias SACDBT (1962), FONT QUER (1979) ySTEARN (1992). información morfológica, apoya la afinidad de Dendrobangia con grupos neotropicales y provisionalmente, fue transferido Dendrobangia Rusby in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 6: 19. 1896. a las Cardiopteridaceae que incluye además los géneros Car- Typus: Dendrobangia boliviana Rusby. diopteris Royle, Citronella, Gonocaryum Miq. y Leptaulus Benth. = Clavapetalum Pulle in Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 9: 148. 1912. Typus: Clavapetalum surinamense Pulle. En nombre Dendrobangia proviene de la palabra dendros gr. = árbol y bangia dedicado a Miguel Bang (1853-1936), = Asterolepidion Ducke in Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro botánico danés, quien vivió y recolectó plantas en Bolivia entre 3: 206. 1922. Typus: Asterolepidion elatum Ducke. los años 1883 y 1896, y cuyas colecciones fueron distribuidas Árboles de hasta 30(-40) m de altura, generalmente más desde el New York Botanical Garden por Britton y Rusby (STA- bajos. Troncos cilíndricos. Ramas jóvenes cilíndricas, en gene- FLEU & COWAN, 1976-1989), en conjunción con el herbario del ral todas sus partes lepidoto-estrelladas, que se tornan glabras colegio médico de la Universidad de Nueva York donde fue- con el tiempo; indumento formado por diminutos pelos sim- ron originalmente depositados los tipos de Dendrobangia. ples, icacináceos, dispuestos radialmente con lo que tiene apa- Junto con la descripción de este nuevo género fue publi- riencia de una estrella. Hojas simples, coriácea a subcoriácea, cada la especie D. boliviana Rusby (RUSBY, 1986). PULLE que se torna negra al desecarse; lámina elípticas, obovadas u (1912) describió el género Clavapetalum Pulle y DUCKE (1922) oblongas; ápice agudo hasta acuminado u obtuso; margen el género Asterolepidion Ducke; en ambos casos los autores entero, ligeramente revoluto; base atenuada, lepidoto-estrellada no hacen mención al género Dendrobangia. Sin embargo, en la cara abaxial, que se torna glabra con el tiempo, glabra o pocos años después el mismo DUCKE (1925) consideró Aste- escasamente lepidoto-estrellada en la cara adaxial; nerviación rolepidion elatum sinónimo de Clavapetalum surinamense. penninervia, broquidódroma hasta casi camptódroma, nervio Por su parte, SMITH (1939) en una pequeña nota sobre las plan- principal prominente y visible en la cara abaxial, ligeramente tas de la Guayana Británica concluyó que las tres especies antes deprimido y visible en la cara adaxial, 5-9(-22) pares de ner- mencionadas representaban un sólo taxón. HOWARD (1942) vios secundarios, alternos, visibles o apenas visibles; pecíolo publicó el tratamiento más completo del género y mantuvo los hasta 2,5 cm de largo, asurcado, sin una nítida línea de absci- criterios de Smith. El tratamiento de HOWARD (1942) incluye sión en la base, a veces débilmente alado, lepidoto-estrellado. una sola especie; sin embargo, otras dos especies han sido Inflorescencias axilares, en panículas compuestas con flores en descritas posteriormente; Dendrobangia multinervia Ducke densos grupos al final de las ramillas, hasta 6,0 cm de largo, Tratamiento taxonómico del género Dendrobangia Rusby (Cardiopteridaceae o Icacinaceae) – 93 ejes, ramillas, brácteas, pedicelos y bractéolas densamente lepi- mación palinológica del género; al igual que BAUTISTA & doto-estrelladas; brácteas en la base de las ramillas, triangula- ANDRADE (1975), en este caso de Dendrobangia multinervia res a anchamente triangulares, cóncavas, lepidoto-estrelladas Ducke, donde se pueden encontrar algunas diferencias en varia- externamente, glabras internamente. Flores pentámeras, acti- bles cualitativas y cuantitativas que apoyan la existencia de nomorfas, hermafroditas, articuladas en la base; bractéolas 2-6 dos especies distintas. por flor, dispuestas en pares, en 1, 2 ó 3 series alternas, triangu- Anatomía madera. – BAILEY & HOWARD (1941a) definen lares, cóncavas, lepidoto estrelladas externamente, glabras inter- los nodos de la madera como trilacunares y los vasos del namente; pedicelos cortos, lepidoto-estrellados. Cáliz con los xilema primario y secundario con perforaciones escalarifor- sépalos ovados a triangulares, ligeramente cóncavos, densa- mes (BAILEY & HOWARD, 1941b) mientras que los pelos que mente lepidoto-estrellados a glabros externamente, glabros inter- recubren casi todas sus partes como peltado-estelado (HEINT- namente, ligeramente carnosos; ápice agudo; margen lepidoto- ZELMAN & HOWARD, 1948). MENNEGA (1948) y TER WELLE & estrellado. Corola con los pétalos blancos, unidos formando un DÉTIENNE (1994) realizaron una descripción general de la tubo, ligeramente carnosos, glabros, con la porción libre retro- madera y de sus características macroscópicas y microscópi- flexa en la antesis, nervio principal ligeramente engrosado inter- cas. Dendrobangia tiene vasos del xilema difusos, solitarios, namente; ápice agudo, prolongado en un apéndice en forma de redondos a ovados, ligeramente angulares; miembros del vaso mazo; margen engrosado. Estambres con los filamentos cilín- de (1470-)1797-2150(-2352) ␮m de largo; perforaciones esca- dricos, rectos, glabros, unidos a la parte terminal del tubo de la lariformes; punteaduras intervasculares opuestos, redondos a corola; anteras basifijas, divergentes en la base,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Toward a Resolution of Campanulid Phylogeny, with Special Reference to the Placement of Dipsacales
    TAXON 57 (1) • February 2008: 53–65 Winkworth & al. • Campanulid phylogeny MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS Toward a resolution of Campanulid phylogeny, with special reference to the placement of Dipsacales Richard C. Winkworth1,2, Johannes Lundberg3 & Michael J. Donoghue4 1 Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 11461–CEP 05422-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. [email protected] (author for correspondence) 2 Current address: School of Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences, University of the South Pacific, Private Bag, Laucala Campus, Suva, Fiji 3 Department of Phanerogamic Botany, The Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden 4 Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology and Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, P.O. Box 208106, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8106, U.S.A. Broad-scale phylogenetic analyses of the angiosperms and of the Asteridae have failed to confidently resolve relationships among the major lineages of the campanulid Asteridae (i.e., the euasterid II of APG II, 2003). To address this problem we assembled presently available sequences for a core set of 50 taxa, representing the diver- sity of the four largest lineages (Apiales, Aquifoliales, Asterales, Dipsacales) as well as the smaller “unplaced” groups (e.g., Bruniaceae, Paracryphiaceae, Columelliaceae). We constructed four data matrices for phylogenetic analysis: a chloroplast coding matrix (atpB, matK, ndhF, rbcL), a chloroplast non-coding matrix (rps16 intron, trnT-F region, trnV-atpE IGS), a combined chloroplast dataset (all seven chloroplast regions), and a combined genome matrix (seven chloroplast regions plus 18S and 26S rDNA). Bayesian analyses of these datasets using mixed substitution models produced often well-resolved and supported trees.
    [Show full text]
  • Physiochemical and Antibacterial Characterization of Fruits of Three Chilean Trees
    72 Fruits (2), 87–96 | ISSN 0248-1294 print, 1625-967X online | https://doi.org/10.17660/th.2017/72.2.4 | © ISHS 2017 Original article Citronella mucronata (Cardiopteridaceae), Pitavia punctata (Rutaceae)Physiochemical and Beilschmiediaand antibacterial berteroana characterization (Lauraceae), of fruits three of endemic and threatened Chilean trees , G.F. Narváez2, M.F. Morales3 3 4 and C.R. Figueroa 1 5,a F.A.12 Sáez , H.M. Bello , C. Balbontín 3 Master Program in Forest Sciences, Faculty of Forest Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile 4 Faculty of Forest Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile Research Lab of Antibacterial Agents, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile 5 Small Fruits and Berry Crops Research, Institute for Agricultural Research (INIA)-Quilamapu, Chillán, Chile Phytohormone Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Talca, Talca, Chile Summary Significance of this study Introduction – Several native tree species are What is already known on this subject? scarcely studied in relation to fruit properties. In or- • Citronella mucronata, Pitavia punctata and Beilschmie- der to bring about information of these plant resourc- dia berteroana are threatened endemic trees of central es, the characterization of ripening-associated prop- erties of the fruit of three endemic and threatened studied. Chilean trees (Citronella mucronata, Pitavia punctata Chile whose fruit properties have been scarcely and Beilschmiedia berteroana) was performed in the What are the new findings? present study. Materials and methods – The physio- • C. mucronata and P. punctata chemical characterization of two developmental fruit a high amount of pectin and bacteriostatic effect, stages in each species included the measurement of fruits extracts showed soluble solid content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), pH, for both fruits.
    [Show full text]
  • Alphabetical Lists of the Vascular Plant Families with Their Phylogenetic
    Colligo 2 (1) : 3-10 BOTANIQUE Alphabetical lists of the vascular plant families with their phylogenetic classification numbers Listes alphabétiques des familles de plantes vasculaires avec leurs numéros de classement phylogénétique FRÉDÉRIC DANET* *Mairie de Lyon, Espaces verts, Jardin botanique, Herbier, 69205 Lyon cedex 01, France - [email protected] Citation : Danet F., 2019. Alphabetical lists of the vascular plant families with their phylogenetic classification numbers. Colligo, 2(1) : 3- 10. https://perma.cc/2WFD-A2A7 KEY-WORDS Angiosperms family arrangement Summary: This paper provides, for herbarium cura- Gymnosperms Classification tors, the alphabetical lists of the recognized families Pteridophytes APG system in pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms Ferns PPG system with their phylogenetic classification numbers. Lycophytes phylogeny Herbarium MOTS-CLÉS Angiospermes rangement des familles Résumé : Cet article produit, pour les conservateurs Gymnospermes Classification d’herbier, les listes alphabétiques des familles recon- Ptéridophytes système APG nues pour les ptéridophytes, les gymnospermes et Fougères système PPG les angiospermes avec leurs numéros de classement Lycophytes phylogénie phylogénétique. Herbier Introduction These alphabetical lists have been established for the systems of A.-L de Jussieu, A.-P. de Can- The organization of herbarium collections con- dolle, Bentham & Hooker, etc. that are still used sists in arranging the specimens logically to in the management of historical herbaria find and reclassify them easily in the appro- whose original classification is voluntarily pre- priate storage units. In the vascular plant col- served. lections, commonly used methods are systema- Recent classification systems based on molecu- tic classification, alphabetical classification, or lar phylogenies have developed, and herbaria combinations of both.
    [Show full text]
  • Floristic Inventory of One Hectare of Palm-Dominated Creek Forest in Jenaro Herrera, Peru
    E D I N B U R G H J O U R N A L O F B O T A N Y 69 (2): 259–280 (2012) 259 Ó Trustees of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (2012) doi:10.1017/S0960428612000030 FLORISTIC INVENTORY OF ONE HECTARE OF PALM-DOMINATED CREEK FOREST IN JENARO HERRERA, PERU R. M. PRICKETT1 , 2 ,E.N.HONORIO C.3 ,Y.BABA1 ,H.M.BADEN1 , C. M. ALVEZ V.2 &C.A.QUESADA4 A floristic inventory was carried out in an area of palm-dominated creek forest in Jenaro Herrera, in the northeast of Peru. All trees $ 10 cm dbh were surveyed in a one-hectare permanent plot using the standard RAINFOR methodology. There were 618 individuals belonging to 230 species, 106 genera and 43 families. The results showed that the total basal area of the trees in the plot was 23.7 m2. The three species with the highest importance value indexes were Iriartea deltoidea Ruiz & Pav., Oenocarpus bataua Mart. (Arecaceae) and Carapa procera DC. (Meliaceae). The five most dominant families in order of importance were Arecaceae, Fabaceae, Meliaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Sapotaceae. Although the soil of this plot was poorly drained, the number of trees and the diversity of the plot were typical for terra firme forest in the western Amazon. Keywords. Amazonia, diversity, floristic composition, permanent sample plot, terra firme forest. Introduction The neotropical Amazon rainforest covers 757 million hectares in total (Eden, 1990). This rainforest is a rich, heterogeneous patchwork of distinct forest types, and its floristic variability is affected by a combination of climatic, edaphic and ecological variables (Gentry, 1988; Pitman et al., 2001; Vormisto, 2002; ter Steege et al., 2003; Macı¤a & Svenning, 2005; Haugaasen & Peres, 2006; Honorio et al., 2009).
    [Show full text]
  • 583–584 Angiosperms 583 *Eudicots and Ceratophyllales
    583 583 > 583–584 Angiosperms These schedules are extensively revised, having been prepared with little reference to earlier editions. 583 *Eudicots and Ceratophyllales Subdivisions are added for eudicots and Ceratophyllales together, for eudicots alone Class here angiosperms (flowering plants), core eudicots For monocots, basal angiosperms, Chloranthales, magnoliids, see 584 See Manual at 583–585 vs. 600; also at 583–584; also at 583 vs. 582.13 .176 98 Mangrove swamp ecology Number built according to instructions under 583–588 Class here comprehensive works on mangroves For mangroves of a specific order or family, see the order or family, e.g., mangroves of family Combretaceae 583.73 .2 *Ceratophyllales Class here Ceratophyllaceae Class here hornworts > 583.3–583.9 Eudicots Class comprehensive works in 583 .3 *Ranunculales, Sabiaceae, Proteales, Trochodendrales, Buxales .34 *Ranunculales Including Berberidaceae, Eupteleaceae, Menispermaceae, Ranunculaceae Including aconites, anemones, barberries, buttercups, Christmas roses, clematises, columbines, delphiniums, hellebores, larkspurs, lesser celandine, mandrake, mayapple, mayflower, monkshoods, moonseeds, wolfsbanes For Fumariaceae, Papaveraceae, Pteridophyllaceae, see 583.35 See also 583.9593 for mandrakes of family Solanaceae .35 *Fumariaceae, Papaveraceae, Pteridophyllaceae Including bleeding hearts, bloodroot, celandines, Dutchman’s breeches, fumitories, poppies See also 583.34 for lesser celandine .37 *Sabiaceae * *Add as instructed under 583–588 1 583 Dewey Decimal Classification
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny and Phylogenetic Nomenclature of the Campanulidae Based on an Expanded Sample of Genes and Taxa
    Systematic Botany (2010), 35(2): pp. 425–441 © Copyright 2010 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists Phylogeny and Phylogenetic Nomenclature of the Campanulidae based on an Expanded Sample of Genes and Taxa David C. Tank 1,2,3 and Michael J. Donoghue 1 1 Peabody Museum of Natural History & Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, P. O. Box 208106, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 U. S. A. 2 Department of Forest Resources & Stillinger Herbarium, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, P. O. Box 441133, Moscow, Idaho 83844-1133 U. S. A. 3 Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) Communicating Editor: Javier Francisco-Ortega Abstract— Previous attempts to resolve relationships among the primary lineages of Campanulidae (e.g. Apiales, Asterales, Dipsacales) have mostly been unconvincing, and the placement of a number of smaller groups (e.g. Bruniaceae, Columelliaceae, Escalloniaceae) remains uncertain. Here we build on a recent analysis of an incomplete data set that was assembled from the literature for a set of 50 campanulid taxa. To this data set we first added newly generated DNA sequence data for the same set of genes and taxa. Second, we sequenced three additional cpDNA coding regions (ca. 8,000 bp) for the same set of 50 campanulid taxa. Finally, we assembled the most comprehensive sample of cam- panulid diversity to date, including ca. 17,000 bp of cpDNA for 122 campanulid taxa and five outgroups. Simply filling in missing data in the 50-taxon data set (rendering it 94% complete) resulted in a topology that was similar to earlier studies, but with little additional resolution or confidence.
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Plant Composition and Diversity of a Coastal Hill Forest in Perak, Malaysia
    www.ccsenet.org/jas Journal of Agricultural Science Vol. 3, No. 3; September 2011 Vascular Plant Composition and Diversity of a Coastal Hill Forest in Perak, Malaysia S. Ghollasimood (Corresponding author), I. Faridah Hanum, M. Nazre, Abd Kudus Kamziah & A.G. Awang Noor Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Tel: 98-915-756-2704 E-mail: [email protected] Received: September 7, 2010 Accepted: September 20, 2010 doi:10.5539/jas.v3n3p111 Abstract Vascular plant species and diversity of a coastal hill forest in Sungai Pinang Permanent Forest Reserve in Pulau Pangkor at Perak were studied based on the data from five one hectare plots. All vascular plants were enumerated and identified. Importance value index (IVI) was computed to characterize the floristic composition. To capture different aspects of species diversity, we considered five different indices. The mean stem density was 7585 stems per ha. In total 36797 vascular plants representing 348 species belong to 227 genera in 89 families were identified within 5-ha of a coastal hill forest that is comprises 4.2% species, 10.7% genera and 34.7% families of the total taxa found in Peninsular Malaysia. Based on IVI, Agrostistachys longifolia (IVI 1245), Eugeissona tristis (IVI 890), Calophyllum wallichianum (IVI 807), followed by Taenitis blechnoides (IVI 784) were the most dominant species. The most speciose rich families were Rubiaceae having 27 species, followed by Dipterocarpaceae (21 species), Euphorbiaceae (20 species) and Palmae (14 species). According to growth forms, 57% of all species were trees, 13% shrubs, 10% herbs, 9% lianas, 4% palms, 3.5% climbers and 3% ferns.
    [Show full text]
  • The Flora of Santo : Some New, Characteristic Or Remarkable Species
    in BOUCHET P., LE GUYADER H. & paSCAL O. (Eds), The Natural History of Santo. MNHN, Paris; IRD, Marseille; PNI, Paris. 572 p. (Patrimoines naturels; 70). of Santo SOME NEW, CHARACTERISTIC OR REMARKABLE SPECIES Gordon McPherson & Jérôme Munzinger The recent botanical inventory work … Cyrtandra done on Santo has brought to light a We identified several species of this genus on Santo: number of previously undiscovered C. efatensis, C. vesiculata, C. neohebridensis and C. taxa. These include two new species of schizocalyx. Several specimens couldn’t be related Schefflera(see "Focus on Araliaceae") to any of these species (Fig. 97), so we suspect and probable novelties in the follow- novelties in the genus. ing genera: Alangium (Alangiaceae), Alphitonia (Rhamnaceae), Citronella … Elaeocarpus (Cardiopteridaceae), Cyrtandra Four species were observed during the mission, E. (Gesneriaceae), Elaeocarpus (Elaeo- floridanus, E. hortensis, E. hebridarum (this latter carpaceae), Eugenia (Myrtaceae), considered by some authors as conspecific with E. The The Flora Ficus (Moraceae), Freycinetia angustifolius), and an unidentified taxon (Fig. 98), (Pandanaceae), Ilex (Aquifoliaceae), Parsonsia which might be new. (Apocynaceae), Sciaphila (Triuridaceae), Semecarpus (Anacardiaceae), Tapeinosperma (Myrsinaceae), Terminalia (Combretaceae), and in three genera of Rubiaceae (Guettardella, Ixora and Psychotria), all of which are now in various stages of closer study or preparation for publication. Some of these poten- tial novelties are discussed in more detail below. … Alangium Prior to the Santo 2006 expedition, one member of this genus, A. vitiense, had been reported from Vanuatu by Guillaumin, although Smith, in his Flora Vitiensis Nova, later indicated that this species was restricted to Fiji and that Guillaumin’s identification was incorrect.
    [Show full text]
  • Systematics and Phylogeny of Oecopetalum (Metteniusaceae), a Genus of Trees Endemic to North and Central America
    Systematics and phylogeny of Oecopetalum (Metteniusaceae), a genus of trees endemic to North and Central America Humberto Adrián Hernández Urban1, Diego F. Angulo2, Maite Lascurain-Rangel3, Sergio Avendaño-Reyes4, Lilia Lorena Can5, Gregory W. Stull6 & Rodrigo Duno de Stefano5,7* 1. Maestría en Biociencias, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, 11340 México, D.F., México; [email protected] 2. Departamento de Ecología, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, AP 4-116, Colonia Itzimna, 97100, Mérida, Yucatán, México; [email protected] 3. Red Ambiente y Sustentabilidad, Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Apartado Postal 63, 91000 Xalapa, Veracruz, México; [email protected] 4. Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Herbario XAL, México; [email protected] 5. Herbario CICY, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A. C., Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburna de Hidalgo, 97200 Merida, Yucatán, México; [email protected] 6. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 1105 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 U.S.A.; [email protected] 7. Herbario CICY, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A. C. (CICY), Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburna de Hidalgo, 97200 Merida, Yucatán, México; [email protected] * Correspondence Received 23-V-2018. Corrected 11-III-2019. Accepted 16-VII-2019. Abstract: Oecopetalum Greenm. & C.H. Thomps. (Metteniusaceae) is distributed in
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Distribution and Identification of Fin-Winged Fruits
    Bot. Rev. (2010) 76:1–82 DOI 10.1007/s12229-010-9041-0 Phylogenetic Distribution and Identification of Fin-winged Fruits Steven R. Manchester1,2 & Elizabeth L. O’Leary1 1 Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7800, USA 2 Author for Correspondence; e-mail: [email protected] Published online: 9 March 2010 # The New York Botanical Garden 2010 Abstract Fin-winged fruits have two or more wings aligned with the longitudinal axis like the feathers of an arrow, as exemplified by Combretum, Halesia,andPtelea. Such fruits vary in dispersal mode from those in which the fruit itself is the ultimate disseminule, to schizocarps dispersing two or more mericarps, to capsules releasing multiple seeds. At least 45 families and more than 140 genera are known to possess fin-winged fruits. We present an inventory of these taxa and describe their morphological characters as an aid for the identification and phylogenetic assessment of fossil and extant genera. Such fruits are most prevalent among Eudicots, but occur occasionally in Magnoliids (Hernandiaceae: Illigera) and Monocots (Burmannia, Dioscorea, Herreria). Although convergent in general form, fin-winged fruits of different genera can be distinguished by details of the wing number, texture, shape and venation, along with characters of persistent floral parts and dehiscence mode. Families having genera with fin-winged fruits and epigynous perianth include Aizoaceae, Apiaceae, Araliaceae, Asteraceae, Begoniaceae, Burmanniaceae, Combre- taceae, Cucurbitaceae, Dioscoreaceae, Haloragaceae, Lecythidiaceae, Lophopyxida- ceae, Loranthaceae, and Styracaceae. Families with genera having fin-winged fruits and hypogynous perianth include Achariaceae, Brassicaceae, Burseraceae, Celastra- ceae, Cunoniaceae, Cyrillaceae, Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Melianthaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Pedaliaceae, Polygalaceae, Phyllanthaceae, Polygonaceae, Rhamnaceae, Salicaceae sl, Sapindaceae, Simaroubaceae, Trigoniaceae, and Zygophyllaceae.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Alvaro J. Duque M
    Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Alvaro J. Duque M. Introduction 1.1 INTRODUCTION Northwestern Amazonian forest conservation: a challenge for ecologists The actual deforestation rates in Amazonian rain forests are extremely high. The worst case scenario could lead to an almost total disappearance of the largest tropical forest mass that nowadays exists on the earth, in a relatively short time (Laurance et al. 2001). Patterns of rain forest plant diversity in northwestern (NW) Amazonia have particular importance as plant diversity in this area reaches exceptional high values per unit area (Gentry 1988a, Valencia et al. 1994, ter Steege et al. 2003). To guarantee an effective conservation planning, basic knowledge on the distribution of individual species and species assemblages is necessary. In spite of the fact that information concerning to plant communities has much increased in the last decade, most studies have focused on trees because they are the most conspicuous elements in the forests (Gentry 1988b, Duivenvoorden 1995, 1996, Pitman et al. 1999, 2001, ter Steege et al. 2000, Condit et al. 2002). However, it is well known that vascular plant diversity in tropical rain forests is also well represented by other growth forms, such as climbers, shrubs, epiphytes and herbs (Gentry and Dobson 1987, Duivenvoorden 1994, Balslev et al. 1998, Galeano et al. 1998). In addition to this lack of knowledge on non-tree growth forms, most studies have been based on different methodological approaches at individual species or community level, different sample designs, and different spatial scales, which hampers the comparisons and extrapolations among independent case studies. The Pleistocene and Miocene-Pliocene climate history has been considered as the cornerstone to understand the origin of the plant and animal biodiversity and biogeography in Amazonian rain forests (Haffer 1969, Colinvaux 1987, Van der Hammen and Absy 1994, Hooghiemstra and van der Hammen 1998).
    [Show full text]
  • 2 ANGIOSPERM PHYLOGENY GROUP (APG) SYSTEM History Of
    ANGIOSPERM PHYLOGENY GROUP (APG) SYSTEM The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, or APG, refers to an informal international group of systematic botanists who came together to try to establish a consensus view of the taxonomy of flowering plants (angiosperms) that would reflect new knowledge about their relationships based upon phylogenetic studies. As of 2010, three incremental versions of a classification system have resulted from this collaboration (published in 1998, 2003 and 2009). An important motivation for the group was what they viewed as deficiencies in prior angiosperm classifications, which were not based on monophyletic groups (i.e. groups consisting of all the descendants of a common ancestor). APG publications are increasingly influential, with a number of major herbaria changing the arrangement of their collections to match the latest APG system. Angiosperm classification and the APG Until detailed genetic evidence became available, the classification of flowering plants (also known as angiosperms, Angiospermae, Anthophyta or Magnoliophyta) was based on their morphology (particularly that of the flower) and their biochemistry (what kinds of chemical compound they contained or produced). Classification systems were typically produced by an individual botanist or by a small group. The result was a large number of such systems (see List of systems of plant taxonomy). Different systems and their updates tended to be favoured in different countries; e.g. the Engler system in continental Europe; the Bentham & Hooker system in Britain (particularly influential because it was used by Kew); the Takhtajan system in the former Soviet Union and countries within its sphere of influence; and the Cronquist system in the United States.
    [Show full text]