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HAM-Dan-Kita-T.-Muly T. MULYA LUBIS HAK ASASI MAI{USIA DANKITA Fa{@ s @.i fr- ?t,t HAK ASASI MANUSIA DAN KITA Hd MANUS Sh,=. ./\ T. Mulya Lubis HAK ASASI MANUSIA DAN KITA rr*rRBrr $ srNAR FTARA'AN HAK ASASI MANUSH DAN XITA KATA PENGANTAR Oleh: T. MulYa Lubis 82/UM/49 PRAKATA Disain samPul: HardiYono Ilustrasi: "Karikatur-karikatur 1970 - 1981" I. PEMBANGUNA\'D oleh Pramono, Sinar Harapan, Jakana l9El II. HUKUM DAN }T.{,.8. Hak Pengarang dilindungi Undang-undang Penerbit Sinar Harapan, anggota IKAPI III. BURUH DAN TL{.K. Jakana, 1982 Cetakan Pertama IV. PENDIDIKAN U\-T Dicetak oleh: PT Djaya Pirusa V. PEMBEBASAN TA]i DAFTAR ISI I ETTA KATA PENGANTAR .... PRAKATA l3 B ?0-19Er" I. PEMBANGUNAN DAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA . Lerte 1gEl l5 II. HUKUM DAN og-u.ldang HAK ASASI MANUSIA 25 IX-{PI III. BURUH a DAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA 43 IV. PENDIDIKAN UNTUK APA? PEMBEBASANTANAHUNTUKAPA? V. 75 5 KATA PENGAI.IT.A Himpunan tulisan ini mengajak kita sem' ingat perlunya bangsa Indonesia tetap hadap kritik mengenai perkembangao sd nomi yang terjadi di sekitar kita' Beberapa tema yang dikemukakan ole d.iperbincangkan oleh banyak Penga@i kemasyarakatan kita, istimewa setelah Hukum didirikan. Kecuali mencermiaka pemil pun Pasang surut perkembangan pembangunan nasional, misalnya, hir mengajukan alternatif "pemikiran", mes' fik mengajukan cara dan upaya politiL ditempuh untuk memperbaiki beberap: dalam masyarakat kita. T. Mulya Lubis' sePerti juga banval berminat pada masalah-masalah kemas.r negaranya, tidak selamanya akan disul ting. Bahkan oleh banyak kalangan 54 beberapa tahun belakangan ini ia dip hukum yang senantiasa mengada-ada' I ada-ada untuk kePentingan dirinya ser hukum, cendekiawan dan pencetus gag KATA PENGANTAR Himpunan tulisan ini mengajak kita semua untuk senantiasa ingat perlunya bangsa rnionesia *op'i...uuka tradlp kritik mengeriai.perkembr"g"" diri ter- ;ri;,, politik dan nomi yang terjadi di sekitar kit". " eko- Beberapa tema vang dikemukakan " oleh Ipenulis telah lama diperbincangkan oieh ba"il ;.;;';i *"r"l.h -.r, kemasyarakatan kita, istimewa';;i;;r_ asarah baga Bantuan Hukum didirikan. Kecuali *.rr..r_iok"**"rrg pun pasang surut naik mau- oerkemba.ng-an pemiki.Jn sekitar pembanguna., r,"rior,"t, strategi *ir"try"l;;;;;""" turisan mengajukan alternatif ,'pemikira.r,l, ini *.rtit ia"r. secara fik mengajukan cara spesi- dan upaya p;Iil;p; yang ditempuh untuk sebaiknya memp..b"iki'il;; ilpincangan dalam masyarakat kita. sosial T. Mulya Lubis, sepeni juga banyak sarjana berminat pada masarah^.**;;Tk hukum yang bangsa dan negaranya, tidak selamanya ^';;;;"r"" akan disutai o ting. Bahkan oleh banyak i.r""s." p.r;;T:il;:3rffi; beberapa tahun belal n*"*:;;;;;;ffi;"ff.t.?l :1 j,ffi ada-ada untuk kepen.i"g."?iirril;;;bagaitrH,,:lT:i# peminat hukum, cendekiawan aui p.rr..t.r, *;;; o"o,run hukum Hak Asasi Manusi yang karena menarik manfaat dari struktur kekuasaan politik pokok masalah yang bcr yang ada, seharusnya tidak terlalu gencar menuding pada lam perhitungan srarq strategi mencerrninlan kelemahan-kelemahan yang ada pada tubuh sistem hukum Xl kita beserta aparatur negara yang menyangganya. termasuk, hak istimcn-a , Itulah salah satu risiko yang harus dihadapinya. Jika gu gugat. Setidak.cidai mengajukan pemikiran alternatif tentang bantuan hukum waktu pendek. OIeh -h ngan hak berlandaskan prinsip-prinsip internasional tentang hak-hak memperoleh ; asasi, misalnya, maka oleh kalangan yanB merasa diri mereka rikat, hak memiliki tan; nasionalis ia akan dituding sebagai cendekiawan genit yang tinggal yang layak rrra melibatkan telah pudar ke-trndonesiaannya. Jika ia mengajukan pikiran putusan d.ar bahwa penentuan srategi pembangunan bukanlah sekedar menyisihkan sejumla-h n menimbang-nimbang urutan skala prioritas tertentu melain- sederhana, pertanyaan r kan perbenturan beberapa jenis skala prioritas, maka ia akan yang didahulukan. l_ebih dituduh sebagai orang yang kurang tanggap akan pentingnya dukungan terus melalui r masalah stabilitas politik. memuaskan kekuatan-Lei ia gusar akan kelambanan jalannya tertib hukum, yang d"icap Jika - - -Keadilan baik tingkat nasional apalagi tingkat regional, maka ia dipan- ketidakadilan, demikiaa r dang sebagai orang pandai yang tak peka akan masalah- gris. Buku ini memberi s masalah sesaat yang dihadapi petugas hukum di lapangan. Dalam tulisan ini T. Mul Ketika Lembaga Bantuan Hukum pertama kali didiri- mendasar seperti fis[rrm: kan, salah satu hal yang terpikir oleh banyak orang Indonesia mau tidak mau kontroverr pada waktu itu ialah: Apakah dalam garis besarnya lembaga ditinjau dari ledakan pe semacam itu dapat berangsur-angrur mengusahakan per- selama dasawarsa 1960_ baikan kehidupan sistem hukum dan peradilan kita? Ataukah berat dan Iingkup perm: di tengah-tengah kesibukan banyak orang akan perlunya kelambanan yang terjaci.l mempertahankan stabilitas ekonomi dan politik, lembaga bangkitnya sejumlah lem b: semacam itu, berikut orang-orangnya, hanyalah pengecualian dapat membantu mempen yang justru membuktikan kelanggengan kepiocangan yang . Pertanyaan yang panx ada? Iemen yang dikemulak:n Himpunan tulisan ini hendak mengemukakan pesan (diakuinya ini bukan ma kepada para pembacanya bahwa penulis rangkaian karangan praktis dapat dilakukaa o& ini bertekad untuk menempuh garis perbaikan secara menye- kewenangan formal dipcrr luruh. Ia tak berpretensi bahwa usaha ini dapat dicapai da- pindahan tanggung jarrab lam waktu singkat, apalagi tanpa secara sadar turut memper- dipersoalkan, maka yang d juangkan perbaikan-perbaikan di bidang-bidang lain yang adalah pembuktian. Tapi berkaitan. 8 Hak Asasi Manusia dan Kita menguraikan beberapa pokok masalah mfaat dari struktur kekuasaan politik yang bertalian d.engan p..,.rrto"r, asumsi da- lam perhitungan strategi id,ak terlaiu gencar menuding Pada pembangunin. Setiap penentuan strategi mencerminkan zsg ada pada tubuh sistem hukum prioritas struktur kekuasaan yang ada, termasuk, hak l'ang menyanSganya. istimewa yang dimiliki penguasa tiaai ai-gang_ 8a.ra gu gugat. Setidak-tidaknya risiko vang harus dihadapinya. Jika tidak terancam untuk jangia waktu pendek. a"hernatif tentang bantuan hukum Oleh sebab itu perincian yang bertali"r, a.- ngan hak rilsip internasional tentang hak-hak memperoleh pekerjaan, hak buruh untuk berse- rikat, hak memiliki ch kalangan yang merasa diri mereka tanah, hak untuk memperoleh tempat tinggal yang layak {nng sebagai cendekiawan genit yang serta hak memperoleh pendidikan, juga melibatkan putusan dan pilihan iaar:rva. Jika ia mengajukan pikiran ,it.i-.rit"i tertentu serta menyisihkan sejumlah .egi pembang-unan bukanlah sekedar nilai-nilai lain. Dalam bahasa yang sederhana, pertanyaan r-srail skaia prioritas tertentu melain- yang diajukan ialah prioritas siapl yang didahulukan. Lebih dari rpa l,e;:.r. skala prioritas, maka ia akan itu, apakah prioritas itu dapat dukungan terus melalui ra-uq k.irang tangsaP akan pentingnya mekanisme ke.bsuhan (hukum) yang memuaskan - L kekuatan-kekuatan sosial-politik yang relevan? heia::rbanan jalannYa tertib hukum, - - Keadilan yang dicapai secara lamban sama saja dengan nlad ringkat regional, maka ia dipan- ketidakadilan, demikian salah saru pepatah hukum di I""g- gris. Buku ini ardar vang tak Peka akan masalah- memberi makna akan kebenaran pepatah.itu. radapi p€rugas hukum di laPangan' Dalam tulisan ini T. Mutya Lubis membahas masalah yang mendasar seperti B.nruar: Hukum P€rtama kali didiri- hukuman mad, suatu permasalaha" y""l mau tidak mau g tero-:iir oleh banyak orang Indonesia kontroversial di Indonesia semata_mata kalau tpat.al aalam garis besamya lembaga ditinjau dari ledakan penduduk yang terjadi di Indonesia rcra:g'sur-angsur meng'usahakan per' selama dasawarsa 1960-Ig70. Bahwa bobot kerja makin berat m :-:,k,;::l: iar peradilan kita? Ataukah dan lingkup permasalahan kian rumit terbukti dari kelambanan h{dLa-r, baavak orang akan PerlunYa yang terjadi pada sistem perad.ilan kita d.an ftitas ekonomi dan Politik, lembaga bangkitnya sejumlah lembaga ekstra-judisial yang diharapkan ratrg-orangrva, hanyalah pengecualian dapat membantu mempercepat proses hukum. ila.n kelanggengan kepincangan yang - Pertanyaan yang patut direnungkan ialah: apabila sinya- lemen yang dikemukakan oleh T. Mulya Lubis itu benar (diakuinya n ini hendak mengemukakan Pesan ini bukan masalah baru), apakah yang secara praktis dapat dilakukan oleh ora ;ah*'a penulis rangkaian karangan pelaksana,/p.t,rg", hukum? Jika osmpuh garis perbaikan secara menye- kewenangan formal dipermasalahkan, acap kali terjadi pindahan ier- ni. ban',ca usaha ini dapat dicapai da- tanggung jawab. Jika perundang-undanga" ya"g dipersoalkan, rlag: ralDa secara sadar turut memper- maka yang diajukan sebagai inti pe.mlsaUfrai rrbaiiran di bidang-bidang lain yang adalah pembuktian. Tapi bagaimana proses hukum dapat bergerak lancar dan seirama dengan prinsip-prinsip normatif, apabila pembuktian bisa diselewengkan, bahkan diciptakan pengambil keputusan sesudah suatu kasus yang terjadi? Bagaimana pula apabila teng- sangar] terhadap gang rasa antarpejabat pen2n2m menjadi penghalang utama kelancar_ yang layak bagi an proses buru-h ra hukum. Dalam dua kasus permasalahan, yaitu yang dipesankan tahanan politik dan buruh, T. Mjn T. Mulya Lubis menun3ul ae- longan atas adalah ngan jelas kepekaan masalah kerja sama .;;;r; antarpejafat dan para sesama cendekia*.aa instansi ini. r dan yang r.t"."rg Tema yang sama dikembangkan }]|il i dalam dua karangan terah berikutnya, "Pendidikan untuk Ii_1n,,uy1"s difrc Apa?" dan "Buruh dan Iiak aJaku:, T. Mulya Asasi LubisLn Manusia". Kaitan dua tulisan itu
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