Dampak Kebijakan Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Terhadap Iklim Investasi Bidang Usaha Perkebunan Di Provinsi Riau

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Dampak Kebijakan Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Terhadap Iklim Investasi Bidang Usaha Perkebunan Di Provinsi Riau Jurnal Hukum Respublica, Vol. 16, No. 2 Tahun 2017 : 283 - 297 Dampak Kebijakan Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Terhadap Iklim Investasi Bidang Usaha Perkebunan di Provinsi Riau Hasnati, Yalid*, Rezmia Febrina Fakultas Hukum Lancang Kuning Jalan Yos Sudarso Km 8, Rumbai, Kota Pekanbaru, Indonesia Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menjelaskan dampak kebijakan RTRW terhadap iklim investasi bidang usaha perkebunan di Provinsi Riau. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum sosiologis dengan pendekatan empiris. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijelaskan bahwa fenomena fundamental yang mempengaruhi iklim investasi di Provinsi Riau. Belum selesainya RTRW berdampak besar terhadap investasi karena setiap investasi membutuhkan lahan/lahan. Sampai saat ini, Perda RTRW Provinsi Riau belum terbentuk, karena masih ada status resolusi masalah hutan di Kementerian Kehutanan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Pemerintah Provinsi Riau pada tahun 2001 sudah memulai melakukan revisi terhadap Perda Nomor 10 Tahun 1994 tersebut. Tetapi, sampai dilakukannya penelitian ini Perda RTRW Provinsi Riau belum ditetapkan, karena memang masih ada penyelesaian masalah status kawasan hutan di Kementerian Kehutanan. Tentunya, Pemerintah Daerah Provinsi Riau termasuk daerah kabupaten/kota di Riau tidak berani mengambil risiko hukum menerbitkan izin baru untuk investasi perkebunan. Upaya yang dilakukan di tengah ketidakpastian kebijakan RTRW terhadap investasi bidang usaha perkebunan di Provinsi Riau dapat dikatakan hanya menunggu pengesahan Perda RTRW Provinsi Riau. ____________ Kata Kunci: RTRW, Investasi, Perkebunan Abstract The purpose of this study is to explain the impact of RTRW policy on investment climate in the field of plantation business in Riau Province. This research uses sociological law research method with empirical approach. The result of this research can be explained that fundamental phenomenon influencing investment climate in Riau Province. The unfinished RTRW has a major impact on investment because every investment requires land. Until now, Riau Province RTRW regulation has not been established yet, because there is still the status of forest problem resolution in the Ministry of Forestry. This research concludes that the Government of Riau Province in 2001 has started to revise the Regulation No. 10 of 1994. However, until this research, Riau Province RTRW regulation has not been established yet, because there is still a solution to the status of forest area in the Ministry of Forestry. Of course, the Riau Provincial Government, including the districts / municipalities in Riau, dare not take legal risks issuing new licenses for plantation investment. Efforts made in the middle of the policy discretion RTRW investment in the field of plantation business in Riau Province can be said just waiting for ratification of RTRW Perda Riau Province. ____________ Keywords: RTRW, Investment, Plantation * Penulis Korespondensi E-mail: [email protected] 283 Dampak Kebijakan Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Terhadap Iklim .....(Hasnati, Yalid, Rezmia Febrina) Pendahuluan pengetahuan dan sumber daya manusia,3 Kewajiban negara dalam mendorong memperluas lapangan kerja, mengembangkan optimalisasi kegiatan investasi merupakan industri substitusi impor untuk menghemat konsekuensi logis dari negara Indonesia yang devisa, mendorong ekspor non migas untuk bercorak negara hukum kesejahteraan. Negara menghasilkan devisa, alih teknologi, hukum kesejahteraan pada dasarnya lazim membangun prasarana, dan mengembangkan disebut dengan negara hukum materil atau daerah tertinggal.4 Oleh karena itu, banyak negara kesejahteraan (welfare state) negara tidak terkecuali Indonesia menjadikan merupakan negara dengan seperangkat kegiatan investasi sebagai bagian dari pemerintahannya tidak saja bertanggung jawab penyelenggaraan perekonomian nasionalnya. terhadap pemeliharaan ketertiban dan Untuk mengundang minat investor ketentraman rakyatnya, tetapi juga bertanggung berinvestasi, bukanlah hal yang mudah. Perlu jawab terhadap kesejahteraan ekonomi dilakukan upaya serius, sistematik, terintegrasi rakyatnya.1 dan konsisten untuk menanamkan kepercayaan Indonesia sampai saat ini menempatkan pada investor agar berinvestasi di wilayah host investasi sebagai sumber pembiayaan country. Harus diingat bahwa pertimbangan pembangunan dan mendorong pertumbuhan investor sebelum menanamkan modal selalu ekonomi yang tidak mampu dikelola negara dilandasi motivasi ekonomi untuk menghasilkan karena alasan keterbasan, seperti tidak keuntungan dari modal dan seluruh sumber mempunyai dana, sumber daya manusia, daya yang dipergunakannya. Oleh karena itu, teknologi dan lain sebagainya. investor selalu melakukan kajian awal Menurut Mahmul Siregar “dari pada (feasibility study) terhadap aspek ekonomi, berutang maka peran investasi sebagai politik dan aspek hukum sebelum mengambil alternatif terbaik sumber pembiayaan keputusan untuk berinvestasi. Terkait hal ini, pembangunan. Selain itu, investasi sebagai alat setidak-tidaknya calon investor akan mem- untuk mengintegrasikan ekonomi suatu negara pertimbangkan aspek economic opportunity, ke dalam ekonomi global”.2 Investasi dapat political stability dan legal certainty.5 Ketiga menghasilkan multiplayer effect terhadap aspek inilah yang menjadi syarat mutlak pada pembangunan ekonomi nasional, karena host country agar menarik bagi calon investor. kegiatan investasi tidak saja mentransfer modal Pertimbangan utama suatu negara dan barang, tetapi juga mentransfer ilmu mengoptimalkan peran investasi baik dalam 1Duhita Driyah Suprapti, Politik Hukum Investasi di Era Otonomi Daerah, Jurnal Pandecta, Volume 4 , Nomor 2, Tahun 2010, hlm. 7. 2Dellisa A. Ridgway dan Mariya A. Thalib, Globalization and Development : Free Trade, Foreign Aid, Investment and The Rule of Law, California Western International Law Journal, Volume 33, Spring 2003, hlm. 335. 3Hans-Rimbert Hemmer, et.all., Negara Berkembang dalam Proses Globalisasi Untung atau Buntung? (Jakarta: Konrad Adenauer Stifftung, 2002), hlm. 11. 4Erman Rajagukguk, Hukum Investasi di Indonesia, (Jakarta: Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia, 2005), hlm. 19. 5Pancras J. Nagy dalam Mahmul Siregar, Kepastian Hukum dalam Transaksi Bisnis Internasional dan Implikasinya Terhadap Kegiatan Investasi di Indonesia, (Medan: Program Studi Ilmu Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2010), hlm. 2. 284 Jurnal Hukum Respublica, Vol. 16, No. 2 Tahun 2017 : 283 - 297 negeri maupun asing adalah untuk merubah Terkait masalah kepastian hukum Mc. potensi ekonomi menjadi kekuatan ekonomi riil Cawley juga menggambarkan kepastian hukum dalam rangka meningkatkan pertumbuhan investasi di Indonesia. Dalam tulisannya ia ekonomi (economic growth). Cukup banyak mengemukakan “tiap regulasi, sepertinya analisis dan publikasi tentang kondisi iklim menimbulkan regulasi uraian yang lain, investasi di Indonesia yang khawatir tentang sehingga pada akhirnya para pejabat rendah di kondusifitas berinvestasi di Indonesia. Djisman kantor-kantor daerah dan pelabuhan merasa S. Simanjuntak, menyoroti gangguan bebas bahkan harus menetapkan hal yang keamanan, amuk penjarahan, ketidakpastian samar-samar dengan mengeluarkan hukum, korupsi dan perselisihan perburuhan regulasinya sendiri. Situasi yang biasanya tidak telah memudarkan daya tarik Indonesia ketika memuaskan ini seringkali dicampuri dengan di negara lain muncul lokasi cerah untuk tendensi pejabat senior untuk menerobos berinvestasi.6 semua pita merah dan kelambatan dengan Todung Mulya Lubis mengemukakan memberikan pembebasan dari peraturan atau selain kurang memadainya infrastruktur dengan membuat keputusan umum sebagai investasi maka hambatan utama berupa undang-undang “yang dikehendaki”. Ketika ini kepastian hukum. Menurutnya pengadilan di terjadi, seringkali tidak jelas apakah mereka Indonesia khususnya Pengadilan Negeri dan mengungkapkan pernyataan mereka sendiri Pengadilan Tinggi sering dengan sengaja atau atau benar-benar menerapkan peraturan tidak mengabaikan isi perjanjian yang berlaku pemerintah”.8 di antara pihak terkait, termasuk dalam Pemerintah Indonesia memahami sejumlah transaksi sudah dilaksanakan. Sikap kelemahan dari iklim investasi tersebut dan telah lembaga peradilan yang kurang menghargai melakukan upaya-upaya ke arah perbaikan. keabsahan kontrak kerja sama itu, memberi Upaya yang cukup fundamental, yakni dengan sinyal negatif atas komitmen Indonesia dalam mengeluarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 25 melaksanakan reformasi hukum dan Tahun 2007 tentang Penanaman Modal, penegakan keadilan. Sejumlah kasus, termasuk menggantikan Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun Manulife, Prudential, PT Danareksa Jakarta, PT 1967 tentang Penanaman Modal Asing dan Tripolyta, dan Asia Pulp & Paper serta anak Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 1968 tentang perusahaannya di Indonesia menggambarkan Penanaman Modal Dalam Negeri karena ketidakpedulian lembaga pengadilan terhadap dipandang tidak sesuai kebutuhan percepatan legitimasi transaksi komersial yang dibuat perkembangan perekonomian dan pem- berdasar perjanjian internasional. Kondisi ini bangunan hukum nasional khususnya di bidang menimbulkan dampak besar terhadap tingkat penanaman modal. Pasal 3 Undang-Undang risiko Indonesia di pasar modal internasional Nomor 25 Tahun 2007 mencantumkan asas dan atas arus modal langsung.7 kepastian hukum pada urutan pertama dari 10 6Djisman S. Simanjuntak, Ekonomi Pasar Sosial Terbuka Indonesia : Landasan Stabilitas dalam Ekonomi Global yang Berubah Dramatik, Makalah dalam Seminar Nasional yang diselenggarakan oleh Ikatan Alumni dan
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