DOCSLIB.ORG

Space Resources Roundtable Ix

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Space Resources Roundtable Ix SPACE RESOURCES ROUNDTABLE IX COLORADO SCHOOL OF MINES OCTOBER 25–27, 2007 PROGRAM AND ABSTRACTS LPI Contribution No. 1375 SPACE RESOURCES ROUNDTABLE IX OCTOBER 25–27, 2007 COLORADO SCHOOL OF MINES GOLDEN, COLORADO SPONSORS Colorado School of Mines Lunar and Planetary Institute Space Resources Roundtable, Inc. SCIENTIFIC ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Angel Abbud-Madrid, Colorado School of Mines Bruce Damer, Digital Space Michael B. Duke, Colorado School of Mines Leslie Gertsch, University of Missouri-Rolla Alex Ignatiev, University of Houston Stephen Mackwell, Lunar and Planetary Institute Ed McCullough, Boeing Charles O’Dale, Senomix Software G. Jeffrey Taylor, University of Hawai’i Lawrence Taylor, University of Tennessee Lunar and Planetary Institute 3600 Bay Area Boulevard Houston TX 77058-1113 LPI Contribution No. 1375 Compiled in 2007 by LUNAR AND PLANETARY INSTITUTE The Institute is operated by the Universities Space Research Association under Agreement No. NCC5-679 issued through the Solar System Exploration Division of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this volume are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Material in this volume may be copied without restraint for library, abstract service, education, or personal research purposes; however, republication of any paper or portion thereof requires the written permission of the authors as well as the appropriate acknowledgment of this publication. Abstracts in this volume may be cited as Author A. B. (2007) Title of abstract. In Space Resources Roundtable IX, p. XX. LPI Contribution No. 1375, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston. This volume is distributed by ORDER DEPARTMENT Lunar and Planetary Institute 3600 Bay Area Boulevard Houston TX 77058-1113, USA Phone: 281-486-2172 Fax: 281-486-2186 E-mail: [email protected] Mail orders requestors will be invoiced for the cost of shipping and handling. ISSN No. 0161-5297 PREFACE This volume contains abstracts that have been accepted for presentation at the Space Resources Roundtable IX, October 25-27, 2007, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado. Publications support for this meeting was provided by the staff of the Publications and Program Services Department at the Lunar and Planetary Institute. Space Resources Roundtable IX v CONTENTS Program ........................................................................................................................................................................1 Development of a Bucket-Ladder Excavator in Support of the Lunar Exploration Architecture: Mechanical Hardware Design D. Arbuckle .....................................................................................................................................................5 Scaling Towards Oxygen Production E. H. Cardiff, B. R. Pomeroy, and L. A. Garchar............................................................................................6 ISRU-based Transportation Architectures for the Moon Using Direct 2.0 Launch Vehicles J. Diaz and D. Vivanco....................................................................................................................................7 PISCES: ISRU Research and Demonstration Plan M. B. Duke and F. Schowengerdt....................................................................................................................8 International Lunar Observatory Association 2007 — Interglobal, Multifunctional, Hawaiian S. Durst............................................................................................................................................................9 NASA/USGS Lunar Highlands Type Simulant Medium Grain Size, NU-LHT-1M, Lot 018 X-Ray Diffraction J. R. Gaier and R. Rogers..............................................................................................................................10 Modeling of Agglutinates and Its Mechanical Properties T. Garza-Cruz and M. Nakagawa .................................................................................................................12 Volatile Analysis by Pyrolysis of Regolith (Vapor) on the Moon for In Situ Resource Utilization Technology Development D. P. Glavin, E. H. Cardiff, I. L. Ten Kate, and P. R. Mahaffy.....................................................................13 Development of a Bucket-Ladder Excavator in Support of the Lunar Exploration Architecture: Size and Scaling L. Johnson and P. van Susante......................................................................................................................15 ISRU Mission Recommendations to the SELENE-2 Project H. Kanamor and the Lunar Resources Utilization Study Group...................................................................16 Laboratory Measurement of Soil Excavation Forces and Relation to Lunar Soil Geotechnical Properties R. H. King, L. L. Johnson, and M. B. Duke ...................................................................................................18 Practical Questions and Task Analysis of Realization and Operation of a Lunar Robot for Moving Lunar Surface Materials A. Kókány, D. Koltai, P. Pál, I. Urbán, T. Varga, and I. Szilágyi.................................................................20 In-Situ Construction of a 100 Meter Lunar Liquid Mirror Telescope G. A. Konesky................................................................................................................................................22 Simulated Lunar Habitat R. Kreutzberg, J. Elliot, A. Forssen, J. Geiger, B. Johnson, Z. Jones, C. Pangell, K. Smith, and K. Vantreese............................................................................................................................24 vi LPI Contribution No. 1375 The Astronaut-tended Regolith Imaging System (ATRIS): A Quick and Easy Way to Image the Shallow Lunar Subsurface Using Ground-penetrating Radar J. M. Kruger and J. L. Jordan.......................................................................................................................25 Meteoritic Steel as a Construction Resource on Mars G. A. Landis...................................................................................................................................................27 SNAP-derived Technology for a Lunar Surface Power System R. X. Lenard ..................................................................................................................................................29 The Effective Bullet Shape For Impact Asteroid Sampling T. Makabe and H. Yano.................................................................................................................................30 Criteria for Lunar Outpost Excavation R. P. Mueller and R. H. King ........................................................................................................................32 Modeling of Coagulation of Charged Dust M. Nakagawa ................................................................................................................................................33 Solar Thermal Power System for Oxygen Production from Lunar Regolith T. Nakamura, A. D. Van Pelt, R. J. Gustafson, L. Clark, and A. Paz............................................................34 Flowability of JSC1-A E. Rame, A. Wilkinson, A. Elliot, and C. Young............................................................................................36 An Industrial-Grade Power Generation Management and Distribution System for Lunar Surface ISRU Applications G. Rodriguez and R. X. Lenard .....................................................................................................................37 Defining Intercept Orbits for NEO 2004 GU9 in Support of Potential Long-Duration Manned or Sample-Return Missions J. G. Rodriguez..............................................................................................................................................38 ISRU System Model Tool: From Excavation to Oxygen Production E. Santiago-Maldonado and D. L. Linne.......................................................................................................39 Integrated Facilities Testing of the Excavation and Bulk Regolith Characterization Module of RESOLVE S. L. Schmidt, D. Boucher, G. B. Sander, and B. J. Rosenbaum ...................................................................41 Cryotesting of Drill Components L. Sigurdson and D. Boucher ........................................................................................................................42 Development of a Bucket-Ladder Excavator in Support of the Lunar Exploration Architecture: CONOPS F. A. Slane, J. G. Rodriguez, and G. Rodriguez ............................................................................................43 Layered Architectures for Mitigation and Processing of Planetary Dust for Manned and Robotic Space Exploration F. A. Slane and G. Rodriguez........................................................................................................................44 Ironmaking from Lunar Soil Simulant by Smelting Reduction Method H. Sonezaki, R. Endo, M. Susa, S. Aoki, H. Kanamori, and K. Matsui .........................................................45 Pneumatic Lunar Regolith Excavator K. Zacny, G. Mungas, C. Mungas, D. Fisher, and M. Hedlund ....................................................................47
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Glossary Glossary
    Glossary Glossary Albedo A measure of an object’s reflectivity. A pure white reflecting surface has an albedo of 1.0 (100%). A pitch-black, nonreflecting surface has an albedo of 0.0. The Moon is a fairly dark object with a combined albedo of 0.07 (reflecting 7% of the sunlight that falls upon it). The albedo range of the lunar maria is between 0.05 and 0.08. The brighter highlands have an albedo range from 0.09 to 0.15. Anorthosite Rocks rich in the mineral feldspar, making up much of the Moon’s bright highland regions. Aperture The diameter of a telescope’s objective lens or primary mirror. Apogee The point in the Moon’s orbit where it is furthest from the Earth. At apogee, the Moon can reach a maximum distance of 406,700 km from the Earth. Apollo The manned lunar program of the United States. Between July 1969 and December 1972, six Apollo missions landed on the Moon, allowing a total of 12 astronauts to explore its surface. Asteroid A minor planet. A large solid body of rock in orbit around the Sun. Banded crater A crater that displays dusky linear tracts on its inner walls and/or floor. 250 Basalt A dark, fine-grained volcanic rock, low in silicon, with a low viscosity. Basaltic material fills many of the Moon’s major basins, especially on the near side. Glossary Basin A very large circular impact structure (usually comprising multiple concentric rings) that usually displays some degree of flooding with lava. The largest and most conspicuous lava- flooded basins on the Moon are found on the near side, and most are filled to their outer edges with mare basalts.
    [Show full text]
  • Book of Abstracts: Studying Old Master Paintings
    BOOK OF ABSTRACTS STUDYING OLD MASTER PAINTINGS ­ TECHNOLOGY AND PRACTICE THE NATIONAL GALLERY TECHNICAL BULLETIN 30TH ANNIVERSARY CONFERENCE 16­18 September 2009, Sainsbury Wing Theatre, National Gallery, London Supported by The Elizabeth Cayzer Charitable Trust STUDYING OLD MASTER PAINTINGS ­ TECHNOLOGY AND PRACTICE THE NATIONAL GALLERY TECHNICAL BULLETIN 30TH ANNIVERSARY CONFERENCE BOOK OF ABSTRACTS 16­18 September 2009 Sainsbury Wing Theatre, National Gallery, London The Proceedings of this Conference will be published by Archetype Publications, London in 2010 Contents Presentations Page Presentations (cont’d) Page The Paliotto by Guido da Siena from the Pinacoteca Nazionale of Siena 3 The rediscovery of sublimated arsenic sulphide pigments in painting 25 Marco Ciatti, Roberto Bellucci, Cecilia Frosinini, Linda Lucarelli, Luciano Sostegni, and polychromy: Applications of Raman microspectroscopy Camilla Fracassi, Carlo Lalli Günter Grundmann, Natalia Ivleva, Mark Richter, Heike Stege, Christoph Haisch Painting on parchment and panels: An exploration of Pacino di 5 The use of blue and green verditer in green colours in seventeenth­century 27 Bonaguida’s technique Netherlandish painting practice Carole Namowicz, Catherine M. Schmidt, Christine Sciacca, Yvonne Szafran, Annelies van Loon, Lidwein Speleers Karen Trentelman, Nancy Turner Alterations in paintings: From non­invasive in­situ assessment to 29 Technical similarities between mural painting and panel painting in 7 laboratory research the works of Giovanni da Milano: The Rinuccini
    [Show full text]
  • THE MINISTRY of DEFENCE CONSERVATION MAGAZINE Number 38 • 2009
    THE MINISTRY OF DEFENCE CONSERVATION MAGAZINE Number 38 • 2009 Otters in STANTA p12 Diving into History p26 Grazing towards Sustainability p40 Foreword by Alan Titchmarsh THE MINISTRY OF DEFENCE CONSERVATION MAGAZINE Number 38 • 2009 Editor – Rebekah Jones Defence Estates Designed by – Liaison Design Printed by – Corporate Document Services (CDS) Editorial Board – Simon Adamson (Chair) Keith Maddison Julie Cannell Ennid Canniford Pragati Baddhan Editorial Contact – Sanctuary Team Property Directorate Defence Estates Kingston Road Sutton Coldfield B75 7RL E-mail: [email protected] Tel: 0121 311 3734/ 2183 Cover image credit: White park cattle on Salisbury Plain Photography: Guy Hagg Silver-studded blue butterfly © Iain Perkins Sanctuary is a free publication. Submissions: If you would like to contribute For further copies: Forms and Publications to Sanctuary Magazine or enter future Building C16 Sanctuary Awards please contact Rebekah C Site Jones, Editor at: [email protected]. Lower Arncott Bicester The opinions expressed in the magazine are not necessarily those of the Ministry OX25 1LP of Defence. Nothwithstanding Section 48 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents E-mail: [email protected] Act 1988, the Ministry of Defence reserves the right to publish authors’ literary and photographic contributions to Sanctuary in further and similar publications Sanctuary is an annual publication about conservation of the owned by the Ministry of Defence. This is subject to contrary agreement, which natural and historic environment on the defence estate. It must be communicated to the editor in writing. Authors’ contributions will illustrates how the Ministry of Defence (MOD) is undertaking be acknowledged with each and every publication.
    [Show full text]
  • CARES ACT GRANT AMOUNTS to AIRPORTS (Pursuant to Paragraphs 2-4) Detailed Listing by State, City and Airport
    CARES ACT GRANT AMOUNTS TO AIRPORTS (pursuant to Paragraphs 2-4) Detailed Listing By State, City And Airport State City Airport Name LOC_ID Grand Totals AK Alaskan Consolidated Airports Multiple [individual airports listed separately] AKAP $16,855,355 AK Adak (Naval) Station/Mitchell Field Adak ADK $30,000 AK Akhiok Akhiok AKK $20,000 AK Akiachak Akiachak Z13 $30,000 AK Akiak Akiak AKI $30,000 AK Akutan Akutan 7AK $20,000 AK Akutan Akutan KQA $20,000 AK Alakanuk Alakanuk AUK $30,000 AK Allakaket Allakaket 6A8 $20,000 AK Ambler Ambler AFM $30,000 AK Anaktuvuk Pass Anaktuvuk Pass AKP $30,000 AK Anchorage Lake Hood LHD $1,053,070 AK Anchorage Merrill Field MRI $17,898,468 AK Anchorage Ted Stevens Anchorage International ANC $26,376,060 AK Anchorage (Borough) Goose Bay Z40 $1,000 AK Angoon Angoon AGN $20,000 AK Aniak Aniak ANI $1,052,884 AK Aniak (Census Subarea) Togiak TOG $20,000 AK Aniak (Census Subarea) Twin Hills A63 $20,000 AK Anvik Anvik ANV $20,000 AK Arctic Village Arctic Village ARC $20,000 AK Atka Atka AKA $20,000 AK Atmautluak Atmautluak 4A2 $30,000 AK Atqasuk Atqasuk Edward Burnell Sr Memorial ATK $20,000 AK Barrow Wiley Post-Will Rogers Memorial BRW $1,191,121 AK Barrow (County) Wainwright AWI $30,000 AK Beaver Beaver WBQ $20,000 AK Bethel Bethel BET $2,271,355 AK Bettles Bettles BTT $20,000 AK Big Lake Big Lake BGQ $30,000 AK Birch Creek Birch Creek Z91 $20,000 AK Birchwood Birchwood BCV $30,000 AK Boundary Boundary BYA $20,000 AK Brevig Mission Brevig Mission KTS $30,000 AK Bristol Bay (Borough) Aleknagik /New 5A8 $20,000 AK
    [Show full text]
  • Nativity Scene Marks Christinas Santa Clans Parade Saturday Lots
    LEDGER ENTRIES SHORT DAYS FIFTY-FIFTH YEAR LOWELL, MICHIGAN, THURSDAY, DEC. 11, 1947 NUMBER 32 Now that the big giune hunters We have come close to the time have ail returned home, It !• claim- of year when the calendar shows ed that the hamburg. ia playing neo- the shortest days. The sun Is far ond fiddle to the deerburg. Said to Mrs. Gerald Staal Lawrence Ridgway away from us. He is flooding the be real tavory. Nativity Scene Santa Clans Parade Saturday South American countries with his — The HUlto — Passes at Age 32 Military Funeral Court's Decision bright sunshine. They revel In Mrs. Gerald Staal, 32, who was their own summer, and are happy The Lowell Board of Trade In in his golden light. The land of ths holding an old-time Chrtotmas taken to Osteopathic hospital in Orand Rapids late Tuesday after- rhumba and the tango flourishes party this Thursday evening at six Marks Christinas Lots of Fun For Young And Old Would Aid Lowell under his stimulating rays. o'clock at South Boston Orange noon, passed away about 1:30 Wed- hall. The ladies of the Orange will nesday morning. She had been in Plans for the first annual Santa Claus parade to be staged Satur- Legislature May Try To The sunlight now strikes us at a serve a turkey dinner which will be Hour Program Each Night poor health for some time. She is day, December 13 at 3 p. m. arc complete and the event promises very slanting angle, and there Is followed by a grand program and survived by the husband, a son Jack to hold plenty of fun for young snd old.
    [Show full text]
  • Glossary of Lunar Terminology
    Glossary of Lunar Terminology albedo A measure of the reflectivity of the Moon's gabbro A coarse crystalline rock, often found in the visible surface. The Moon's albedo averages 0.07, which lunar highlands, containing plagioclase and pyroxene. means that its surface reflects, on average, 7% of the Anorthositic gabbros contain 65-78% calcium feldspar. light falling on it. gardening The process by which the Moon's surface is anorthosite A coarse-grained rock, largely composed of mixed with deeper layers, mainly as a result of meteor­ calcium feldspar, common on the Moon. itic bombardment. basalt A type of fine-grained volcanic rock containing ghost crater (ruined crater) The faint outline that remains the minerals pyroxene and plagioclase (calcium of a lunar crater that has been largely erased by some feldspar). Mare basalts are rich in iron and titanium, later action, usually lava flooding. while highland basalts are high in aluminum. glacis A gently sloping bank; an old term for the outer breccia A rock composed of a matrix oflarger, angular slope of a crater's walls. stony fragments and a finer, binding component. graben A sunken area between faults. caldera A type of volcanic crater formed primarily by a highlands The Moon's lighter-colored regions, which sinking of its floor rather than by the ejection of lava. are higher than their surroundings and thus not central peak A mountainous landform at or near the covered by dark lavas. Most highland features are the center of certain lunar craters, possibly formed by an rims or central peaks of impact sites.
    [Show full text]
  • Summary of Sexual Abuse Claims in Chapter 11 Cases of Boy Scouts of America
    Summary of Sexual Abuse Claims in Chapter 11 Cases of Boy Scouts of America There are approximately 101,135sexual abuse claims filed. Of those claims, the Tort Claimants’ Committee estimates that there are approximately 83,807 unique claims if the amended and superseded and multiple claims filed on account of the same survivor are removed. The summary of sexual abuse claims below uses the set of 83,807 of claim for purposes of claims summary below.1 The Tort Claimants’ Committee has broken down the sexual abuse claims in various categories for the purpose of disclosing where and when the sexual abuse claims arose and the identity of certain of the parties that are implicated in the alleged sexual abuse. Attached hereto as Exhibit 1 is a chart that shows the sexual abuse claims broken down by the year in which they first arose. Please note that there approximately 10,500 claims did not provide a date for when the sexual abuse occurred. As a result, those claims have not been assigned a year in which the abuse first arose. Attached hereto as Exhibit 2 is a chart that shows the claims broken down by the state or jurisdiction in which they arose. Please note there are approximately 7,186 claims that did not provide a location of abuse. Those claims are reflected by YY or ZZ in the codes used to identify the applicable state or jurisdiction. Those claims have not been assigned a state or other jurisdiction. Attached hereto as Exhibit 3 is a chart that shows the claims broken down by the Local Council implicated in the sexual abuse.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Assessment for the Crater Ridge Vegetation Management Project
    United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Rocky Mountain Region Bighorn NVIRONMENTAL SSESSMENT National Forest E A FOR THE CRATER RIDGE VEGETATION MANAGEMENT PROJECT MEDICINE WHEEL RANGER DISTRICT July 2015 Data Accuracy – The Forest Service uses the most current and complete data available. Geographic Information System (GIS) data and product accuracy may vary. They may be developed from sources of differing accuracy, accurate only at certain scales, based on modeling or interpretation, incomplete while being created or revised, etc. Using GIS product for purposes other than those for which they were created may yield inaccurate or misleading results. The Forest Service reserves the right to correct, update, modify, or replace GIS products without notification. For more information, contact: Bighorn National Forest, 2013 Eastside 2nd Street, Sheridan, WY 82801; (307) 674-2600. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD).
    [Show full text]
  • On Craters of Denudation, with Observations on the Structure And
    THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. DECEMBER 19, 1849. The following communication was read :- On Craters of Denudation, with O~ervations on the Structure and Growth of Volcanic C~nes. By Sir CHARLES LYELL, Pres. Geol. Soc. IN the first edition of my ' Principles of Geology,' published in 1830 (vol. i. ch. 30), I explained the grounds of my objection to the theory previously advanced by Baron yon Buch to account for the origin of the Caldera of Palma, the Gulf of Santorin, and other bowl-shaped cavities of large dimensions, for which he proposed the name of "Craters of Elevation." I regarded the circular escarp- ments surrounding these vast cavities as the remnants of cones of eruption, the central parts of which had been destroyed, and I con- ceived that the removing cause had been chiefly, if not wholly, en- gulfment. In the second edition of my 'Principles,' published in 1832, or two years later, I discussed more particularly the origin of the single deep gorge, which in Palma, Barren Island, and other so-called elevation- craters, forms a breach in the circular range of cliffs, surrounding the central cavity. This ravine or narrow passage I attributed "to the action of the tide during the gradual emergence from the sea and up- heaval of a volcanic island" (ch. 22. vol. i. p. 452), and I at the VOL. VI.--PART i. a 208 PROCEEDINGS OF THE OEOLOOICAL SOCIETY. [Dec. 19, Fig. 1.--View of the Isle of Palma, and of the entrance into the cen- t~'al cavity or Caldera.mFrom Iron Bueh' s "Canary Islands." Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Modeling and Mapping of the Structural Deformation of Large Impact Craters on the Moon and Mercury
    MODELING AND MAPPING OF THE STRUCTURAL DEFORMATION OF LARGE IMPACT CRATERS ON THE MOON AND MERCURY by JEFFREY A. BALCERSKI Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY August, 2015 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES We hereby approve the thesis/dissertation of Jeffrey A. Balcerski candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Committee Chair Steven A. Hauck, II James A. Van Orman Ralph P. Harvey Xiong Yu June 1, 2015 *we also certify that written approval has been obtained for any proprietary material contained therein ~ i ~ Dedicated to Marie, for her love, strength, and faith ~ ii ~ Table of Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................1 2. Tilted Crater Floors as Records of Mercury’s Surface Deformation .....................4 2.1 Introduction ..............................................................................................5 2.2 Craters and Global Tilt Meters ................................................................8 2.3 Measurement Process...............................................................................12 2.3.1 Visual Pre-selection of Candidate Craters ................................13 2.3.2 Inspection and Inclusion/Exclusion of Altimetric Profiles .......14 2.3.3 Trend Fitting of Crater Floor Topography ................................16 2.4 Northern
    [Show full text]
  • NPRC) VIP List, 2009
    Description of document: National Archives National Personnel Records Center (NPRC) VIP list, 2009 Requested date: December 2007 Released date: March 2008 Posted date: 04-January-2010 Source of document: National Personnel Records Center Military Personnel Records 9700 Page Avenue St. Louis, MO 63132-5100 Note: NPRC staff has compiled a list of prominent persons whose military records files they hold. They call this their VIP Listing. You can ask for a copy of any of these files simply by submitting a Freedom of Information Act request to the address above. The governmentattic.org web site (“the site”) is noncommercial and free to the public. The site and materials made available on the site, such as this file, are for reference only. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals have made every effort to make this information as complete and as accurate as possible, however, there may be mistakes and omissions, both typographical and in content. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused, or alleged to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by the information provided on the governmentattic.org web site or in this file. The public records published on the site were obtained from government agencies using proper legal channels. Each document is identified as to the source. Any concerns about the contents of the site should be directed to the agency originating the document in question. GovernmentAttic.org is not responsible for the contents of documents published on the website.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 the Lifecycle of Hollows on Mercury
    The Lifecycle of Hollows on Mercury: An Evaluation of Candidate Volatile Phases and a Novel Model of Formation. 1 1 2 3 M. S. Phillips , J. E. Moersch , C. E. Viviano , J. P. Emery 1Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 2Planetary Exploration Group, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory 3Department of Astronomy and Planetary Sciences, Northern Arizona University Corresponding author: Michael Phillips ([email protected]) Keywords: Mercury, hollows, thermal model, fumarole. Abstract On Mercury, high-reflectance, flat-floored depressions called hollows are observed nearly globally within low-reflectance material, one of Mercury’s major color units. Hollows are thought to be young, or even currently active, features that form via sublimation, or a “sublimation-like” process. The apparent abundance of sulfides within LRM combined with spectral detections of sulfides associated with hollows suggests that sulfides may be the phase responsible for hollow formation. Despite the association of sulfides with hollows, it is still not clear whether sulfides are the hollow-forming phase. To better understand which phase(s) might be responsible for hollow formation, we calculated sublimation rates for 57 candidate hollow-forming volatile phases from the surface of Mercury and as a function of depth beneath regolith lag deposits of various thicknesses. We found that stearic acid (C18H36O2), fullerenes (C60, C70), and elemental sulfur (S) have the appropriate thermophysical properties to explain hollow formation. Stearic acid and fullerenes are implausible hollow-forming phases because they are unlikely to have been delivered to or generated on Mercury in high enough volume to account for hollows.
    [Show full text]