On Craters of Denudation, with Observations on the Structure And
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Glossary Glossary
Glossary Glossary Albedo A measure of an object’s reflectivity. A pure white reflecting surface has an albedo of 1.0 (100%). A pitch-black, nonreflecting surface has an albedo of 0.0. The Moon is a fairly dark object with a combined albedo of 0.07 (reflecting 7% of the sunlight that falls upon it). The albedo range of the lunar maria is between 0.05 and 0.08. The brighter highlands have an albedo range from 0.09 to 0.15. Anorthosite Rocks rich in the mineral feldspar, making up much of the Moon’s bright highland regions. Aperture The diameter of a telescope’s objective lens or primary mirror. Apogee The point in the Moon’s orbit where it is furthest from the Earth. At apogee, the Moon can reach a maximum distance of 406,700 km from the Earth. Apollo The manned lunar program of the United States. Between July 1969 and December 1972, six Apollo missions landed on the Moon, allowing a total of 12 astronauts to explore its surface. Asteroid A minor planet. A large solid body of rock in orbit around the Sun. Banded crater A crater that displays dusky linear tracts on its inner walls and/or floor. 250 Basalt A dark, fine-grained volcanic rock, low in silicon, with a low viscosity. Basaltic material fills many of the Moon’s major basins, especially on the near side. Glossary Basin A very large circular impact structure (usually comprising multiple concentric rings) that usually displays some degree of flooding with lava. The largest and most conspicuous lava- flooded basins on the Moon are found on the near side, and most are filled to their outer edges with mare basalts. -
THE MINISTRY of DEFENCE CONSERVATION MAGAZINE Number 38 • 2009
THE MINISTRY OF DEFENCE CONSERVATION MAGAZINE Number 38 • 2009 Otters in STANTA p12 Diving into History p26 Grazing towards Sustainability p40 Foreword by Alan Titchmarsh THE MINISTRY OF DEFENCE CONSERVATION MAGAZINE Number 38 • 2009 Editor – Rebekah Jones Defence Estates Designed by – Liaison Design Printed by – Corporate Document Services (CDS) Editorial Board – Simon Adamson (Chair) Keith Maddison Julie Cannell Ennid Canniford Pragati Baddhan Editorial Contact – Sanctuary Team Property Directorate Defence Estates Kingston Road Sutton Coldfield B75 7RL E-mail: [email protected] Tel: 0121 311 3734/ 2183 Cover image credit: White park cattle on Salisbury Plain Photography: Guy Hagg Silver-studded blue butterfly © Iain Perkins Sanctuary is a free publication. Submissions: If you would like to contribute For further copies: Forms and Publications to Sanctuary Magazine or enter future Building C16 Sanctuary Awards please contact Rebekah C Site Jones, Editor at: [email protected]. Lower Arncott Bicester The opinions expressed in the magazine are not necessarily those of the Ministry OX25 1LP of Defence. Nothwithstanding Section 48 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents E-mail: [email protected] Act 1988, the Ministry of Defence reserves the right to publish authors’ literary and photographic contributions to Sanctuary in further and similar publications Sanctuary is an annual publication about conservation of the owned by the Ministry of Defence. This is subject to contrary agreement, which natural and historic environment on the defence estate. It must be communicated to the editor in writing. Authors’ contributions will illustrates how the Ministry of Defence (MOD) is undertaking be acknowledged with each and every publication. -
Specials Resign Witb Stomach and Liver Trouble?
DRY GOODH DRY GOODS. but has promised to issue a étalement ÍR6INIA TO-DAY'S TELEGRAPHIC NEWí* ^KOM WASHINGTON. alter tbe eeeeion of the convention to¬ IffiWfi of the Alexandria Oaaett·,] Holt F. ha* been appointed The Situation at Martinique LANSBURGH & BRO., f orr«»p-i'd»Ticw day. But, j'., 16 .M. gover¬ Wasbingtan, D. C , May 16. An csu-ed a sc-nnutional postmaster at Puitimoutb. Parie, May L'Heurre, Favorite Store. Englishman tele¬ Washington'* Dr. Jung, the physician of Lord some among aristocratic sped it« r-» of a Confederate Memorial Day was ob¬ nor pro tem of Mart.nique, today Pauricefote, tbe British Ambassador, circus io Madrid, yesterdav, 0] ti e Ing served at Norfolk yettarday witb ap¬ graphed the minia »r of colonies that Business Hours 8 a. rn. to ß p. na. «aid Ibis morning tbat bis patient wee the Duke of Arion with a laid« ? w bip. propriât» ceremonies. all the city achieves of St. Pierre were Saturdays 9 o'clock. from the disease man wanted to a club of «Lieh 10th, llthtBtlFSts.. N.W. in no serious danger The join Tbomas Savege bas been appointed los*, in the destruction of tbat be is sull-ring, and that the Duke is a member. A council of re¬ city. with wbicb postmaster to succeed W. L. Taylor, Mount tbe Governor reports that be wa9 thing were un¬ bonor, witb tbe Doke as president, signed, at Aebgrove, Fairfax county. Pelee, acting says, founded. "He bas gout io aa acute considered his application, and rejeve'ed Judge B. -
CARES ACT GRANT AMOUNTS to AIRPORTS (Pursuant to Paragraphs 2-4) Detailed Listing by State, City and Airport
CARES ACT GRANT AMOUNTS TO AIRPORTS (pursuant to Paragraphs 2-4) Detailed Listing By State, City And Airport State City Airport Name LOC_ID Grand Totals AK Alaskan Consolidated Airports Multiple [individual airports listed separately] AKAP $16,855,355 AK Adak (Naval) Station/Mitchell Field Adak ADK $30,000 AK Akhiok Akhiok AKK $20,000 AK Akiachak Akiachak Z13 $30,000 AK Akiak Akiak AKI $30,000 AK Akutan Akutan 7AK $20,000 AK Akutan Akutan KQA $20,000 AK Alakanuk Alakanuk AUK $30,000 AK Allakaket Allakaket 6A8 $20,000 AK Ambler Ambler AFM $30,000 AK Anaktuvuk Pass Anaktuvuk Pass AKP $30,000 AK Anchorage Lake Hood LHD $1,053,070 AK Anchorage Merrill Field MRI $17,898,468 AK Anchorage Ted Stevens Anchorage International ANC $26,376,060 AK Anchorage (Borough) Goose Bay Z40 $1,000 AK Angoon Angoon AGN $20,000 AK Aniak Aniak ANI $1,052,884 AK Aniak (Census Subarea) Togiak TOG $20,000 AK Aniak (Census Subarea) Twin Hills A63 $20,000 AK Anvik Anvik ANV $20,000 AK Arctic Village Arctic Village ARC $20,000 AK Atka Atka AKA $20,000 AK Atmautluak Atmautluak 4A2 $30,000 AK Atqasuk Atqasuk Edward Burnell Sr Memorial ATK $20,000 AK Barrow Wiley Post-Will Rogers Memorial BRW $1,191,121 AK Barrow (County) Wainwright AWI $30,000 AK Beaver Beaver WBQ $20,000 AK Bethel Bethel BET $2,271,355 AK Bettles Bettles BTT $20,000 AK Big Lake Big Lake BGQ $30,000 AK Birch Creek Birch Creek Z91 $20,000 AK Birchwood Birchwood BCV $30,000 AK Boundary Boundary BYA $20,000 AK Brevig Mission Brevig Mission KTS $30,000 AK Bristol Bay (Borough) Aleknagik /New 5A8 $20,000 AK -
Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets
Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets RESEARCH ARTICLE On the relative importance of thermal and chemical buoyancy 10.1002/2016JE005221 in regular and impact-induced melting Key Points: in a Mars-like planet • Compositional buoyancy stabilizes melting-induced anomalies at the base of the lithosphere Thomas Ruedas1,2 and Doris Breuer2 • The anomalies may be detectable by gravimetry but not by seismics with a 1Institute of Planetology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany, 2Institute of Planetary Research, sparse station network • Neglecting impact-induced mantle German Aerospace Center (DLR), Berlin, Germany anomalies results in overestimation of the local crustal thickness Abstract We ran several series of two-dimensional numerical mantle convection simulations representing in idealized form the thermochemical evolution of a Mars-like planet. In order to study the Supporting Information: • Supporting Information S1 importance of compositional buoyancy of melting mantle, the models were set up in pairs of one including •MovieS1 all thermal and compositional contributions to buoyancy and one accounting only for the thermal •MovieS2 contributions. In several of the model pairs, single large impacts were introduced as causes of additional strong local anomalies, and their evolution in the framework of the convecting mantle was tracked. The Correspondence to: models confirm that the additional buoyancy provided by the depletion of the mantle by regular melting T. Ruedas, can establish a global stable stratification of the convecting mantle and throttle crust production. [email protected] Furthermore, the compositional buoyancy is essential in the stabilization and preservation of local compositional anomalies directly beneath the lithosphere and offers a possible explanation for the Citation: Ruedas, T. -
Romans in Cumbria
View across the Solway from Bowness-on-Solway. Cumbria Photo Hadrian’s Wall Country boasts a spectacular ROMANS IN CUMBRIA coastline, stunning rolling countryside, vibrant cities and towns and a wealth of Roman forts, HADRIAN’S WALL AND THE museums and visitor attractions. COASTAL DEFENCES The sites detailed in this booklet are open to the public and are a great way to explore Hadrian’s Wall and the coastal frontier in Cumbria, and to learn how the arrival of the Romans changed life in this part of the Empire forever. Many sites are accessible by public transport, cycleways and footpaths making it the perfect place for an eco-tourism break. For places to stay, downloadable walks and cycle routes, or to find food fit for an Emperor go to: www.visithadrianswall.co.uk If you have enjoyed your visit to Hadrian’s Wall Country and want further information or would like to contribute towards the upkeep of this spectacular landscape, you can make a donation or become a ‘Friend of Hadrian’s Wall’. Go to www.visithadrianswall.co.uk for more information or text WALL22 £2/£5/£10 to 70070 e.g. WALL22 £5 to make a one-off donation. Published with support from DEFRA and RDPE. Information correct at time Produced by Anna Gray (www.annagray.co.uk) of going to press (2013). Designed by Andrew Lathwell (www.lathwell.com) The European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development: Europe investing in Rural Areas visithadrianswall.co.uk Hadrian’s Wall and the Coastal Defences Hadrian’s Wall is the most important Emperor in AD 117. -
March 21–25, 2016
FORTY-SEVENTH LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE CONFERENCE PROGRAM OF TECHNICAL SESSIONS MARCH 21–25, 2016 The Woodlands Waterway Marriott Hotel and Convention Center The Woodlands, Texas INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT Universities Space Research Association Lunar and Planetary Institute National Aeronautics and Space Administration CONFERENCE CO-CHAIRS Stephen Mackwell, Lunar and Planetary Institute Eileen Stansbery, NASA Johnson Space Center PROGRAM COMMITTEE CHAIRS David Draper, NASA Johnson Space Center Walter Kiefer, Lunar and Planetary Institute PROGRAM COMMITTEE P. Doug Archer, NASA Johnson Space Center Nicolas LeCorvec, Lunar and Planetary Institute Katherine Bermingham, University of Maryland Yo Matsubara, Smithsonian Institute Janice Bishop, SETI and NASA Ames Research Center Francis McCubbin, NASA Johnson Space Center Jeremy Boyce, University of California, Los Angeles Andrew Needham, Carnegie Institution of Washington Lisa Danielson, NASA Johnson Space Center Lan-Anh Nguyen, NASA Johnson Space Center Deepak Dhingra, University of Idaho Paul Niles, NASA Johnson Space Center Stephen Elardo, Carnegie Institution of Washington Dorothy Oehler, NASA Johnson Space Center Marc Fries, NASA Johnson Space Center D. Alex Patthoff, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Cyrena Goodrich, Lunar and Planetary Institute Elizabeth Rampe, Aerodyne Industries, Jacobs JETS at John Gruener, NASA Johnson Space Center NASA Johnson Space Center Justin Hagerty, U.S. Geological Survey Carol Raymond, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Lindsay Hays, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Paul Schenk, -
Glossary of Lunar Terminology
Glossary of Lunar Terminology albedo A measure of the reflectivity of the Moon's gabbro A coarse crystalline rock, often found in the visible surface. The Moon's albedo averages 0.07, which lunar highlands, containing plagioclase and pyroxene. means that its surface reflects, on average, 7% of the Anorthositic gabbros contain 65-78% calcium feldspar. light falling on it. gardening The process by which the Moon's surface is anorthosite A coarse-grained rock, largely composed of mixed with deeper layers, mainly as a result of meteor calcium feldspar, common on the Moon. itic bombardment. basalt A type of fine-grained volcanic rock containing ghost crater (ruined crater) The faint outline that remains the minerals pyroxene and plagioclase (calcium of a lunar crater that has been largely erased by some feldspar). Mare basalts are rich in iron and titanium, later action, usually lava flooding. while highland basalts are high in aluminum. glacis A gently sloping bank; an old term for the outer breccia A rock composed of a matrix oflarger, angular slope of a crater's walls. stony fragments and a finer, binding component. graben A sunken area between faults. caldera A type of volcanic crater formed primarily by a highlands The Moon's lighter-colored regions, which sinking of its floor rather than by the ejection of lava. are higher than their surroundings and thus not central peak A mountainous landform at or near the covered by dark lavas. Most highland features are the center of certain lunar craters, possibly formed by an rims or central peaks of impact sites. -
Strategies for Detecting Biological Molecules on Titan
ASTROBIOLOGY Volume 18, Number 5, 2018 ª Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. DOI: 10.1089/ast.2017.1758 Strategies for Detecting Biological Molecules on Titan Catherine D. Neish,1 Ralph D. Lorenz,2 Elizabeth P. Turtle,2 Jason W. Barnes,3 Melissa G. Trainer,4 Bryan Stiles,5 Randolph Kirk,6 Charles A. Hibbitts,2 and Michael J. Malaska5 Abstract Saturn’s moon Titan has all the ingredients needed to produce ‘‘life as we know it.’’ When exposed to liquid water, organic molecules analogous to those found on Titan produce a range of biomolecules such as amino acids. Titan thus provides a natural laboratory for studying the products of prebiotic chemistry. In this work, we examine the ideal locales to search for evidence of, or progression toward, life on Titan. We determine that the best sites to identify biological molecules are deposits of impact melt on the floors of large, fresh impact craters, specifically Sinlap, Selk, and Menrva craters. We find that it is not possible to identify biomolecules on Titan through remote sensing, but rather through in situ measurements capable of identifying a wide range of biological molecules. Given the nonuniformity of impact melt exposures on the floor of a weathered impact crater, the ideal lander would be capable of precision targeting. This would allow it to identify the locations of fresh impact melt deposits, and/or sites where the melt deposits have been exposed through erosion or mass wasting. Determining the extent of prebiotic chemistry within these melt deposits would help us to understand how life could originate on a world very different from Earth. -
MAFIC ANOMOLIES in the LUNAR HIGHLANDS. T. A. Giguere1,2, B
Lunar and Planetary Science XXXI 1760.pdf MAFIC ANOMOLIES IN THE LUNAR HIGHLANDS. T. A. Giguere1,2, B. Ray Hawke1, G. A. Smith, G. Jeffrey Taylor1, D. T. Blewett1, P. G. Lucey1, and P. D. Spudis3, 1Hawai’i Inst. of Geophys. and Planetology, University of Hawai`i, 2525 Correa Rd., Honolulu, HI 96822, 2Intergraph Corporation, 2828 Pa’a St. Ste. 2150, Honolulu, HI 96819, 3Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX 77058. Introduction Results and Discussion Ancient mare basalts deposits that have been hidden Southern Central Highlands. Most of the southern or obscured by superposed higher albedo material are portion of the lunar central highlands exhibit FeO referred to as cryptomaria [1, 2, 3]. They represent a values that range between 5 and 9 wt. % and TiO2 record of the earliest mare volcanism. Earlier remote values less than 1 wt. %. However, a small area with sensing and geologic studies have provided evidence anomalously high FeO values has been identified near for the distribution of ancient mare volcanism. the 114 km Maurolycus crater at the crater Buch B. Schultz and Spudis [4] studied the distribution of dark-haloed impact craters in the lunar highlands. Maurolycus is located at 14.0° E, 41.8° S and Buch B They suggested that basaltic volcanism predated the is located at 17.0° E, 39.9° S. last major basin-forming impacts and that early mare volcanism may have been widespread. Hawke and Bell [5, 6] used near-IR spectra to demonstrate that many dark-haloed impact craters excavated ancient mare units buried by basin and crater ejecta. -
Authors' Names Do Not Appear in the Index As These Are Given in The
Index Principal authors’ names do not appear in the Index as these are given in the Table of Contents at the beginning of this volume. Authors of specialist reports are listed with a brief indication of subject matter. Place-names in Scotland are individually indexed, but also appear under the relevant old or historic county name. County names appear in capitals; names of the relevant new council areas (ie post-1996) are given in brackets. Correspondence between the post-1996 councils areas and the old historic counties is not always exact. Fellows are urged to consult the Foreword and maps in the General Index to Volumes 106–126 for clarification. Entries under pottery are listed chronologically, then alphabetically (thus, various sorts of medieval pottery will follow Romano-British pottery). ABERDEENSHIRE (Aberdeenshire) industrial activity 464, 466, 487 Boghead Croft 13, 28, 51 interaction with native population 453–54, 810 Cairnhall 13, 38 supply bases and ‘work depots’ 487–88 Deer’s Den 13, 14–32, 63–65 temporary camps 26–28, 33, 34–35, 483–88 East Finnercy cairn, Dunecht 183–95 titulus entrances 14, 16, 28, 33, 35 Inverurie 13 arrowheads, flint, leaf-shaped 15, 55, 57, 188, 189, 192 Kintore 11, 12, 13, 39–40, 71 Atkinson,RJC,excavations at East Finnercy cairn, Kintore and Blackburn By-pass 11–75 Aberdeenshire 187–89 Midmill long cairn 13, 55 Auchencrow, Berwickshire 743–72 Rosebank, Roman temporary camp 13, 33, 34–35 acres, medieval definitions 744–46, 757 Springbank pits 13, 33, 51 common obligations and rights 757–58 Tavelty 13, 33, -
Vauban!S Siege Legacy In
VAUBAN’S SIEGE LEGACY IN THE WAR OF THE SPANISH SUCCESSION, 1702-1712 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Jamel M. Ostwald, M.A. The Ohio State University 2002 Approved by Dissertation Committee: Professor John Rule, Co-Adviser Co-Adviser Professor John Guilmartin, Jr., Co-Adviser Department of History Professor Geoffrey Parker Professor John Lynn Co-Adviser Department of History UMI Number: 3081952 ________________________________________________________ UMI Microform 3081952 Copyright 2003 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ____________________________________________________________ ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road PO Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346 ABSTRACT Over the course of Louis XIV’s fifty-four year reign (1661-1715), Western Europe witnessed thirty-six years of conflict. Siege warfare figures significantly in this accounting, for extended sieges quickly consumed short campaign seasons and prevented decisive victory. The resulting prolongation of wars and the cost of besieging dozens of fortresses with tens of thousands of men forced “fiscal- military” states to continue to elevate short-term financial considerations above long-term political reforms; Louis’s wars consumed 75% or more of the annual royal budget. Historians of 17th century Europe credit one French engineer – Sébastien le Prestre de Vauban – with significantly reducing these costs by toppling the impregnability of 16th century artillery fortresses. Vauban perfected and promoted an efficient siege, a “scientific” method of capturing towns that minimized a besieger’s casualties, delays and expenses, while also sparing the town’s civilian populace.