DOCSLIB.ORG

Environmental Assessment for the Crater Ridge Vegetation Management Project

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Environmental Assessment for the Crater Ridge Vegetation Management Project United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Rocky Mountain Region Bighorn NVIRONMENTAL SSESSMENT National Forest E A FOR THE CRATER RIDGE VEGETATION MANAGEMENT PROJECT MEDICINE WHEEL RANGER DISTRICT July 2015 Data Accuracy – The Forest Service uses the most current and complete data available. Geographic Information System (GIS) data and product accuracy may vary. They may be developed from sources of differing accuracy, accurate only at certain scales, based on modeling or interpretation, incomplete while being created or revised, etc. Using GIS product for purposes other than those for which they were created may yield inaccurate or misleading results. The Forest Service reserves the right to correct, update, modify, or replace GIS products without notification. For more information, contact: Bighorn National Forest, 2013 Eastside 2nd Street, Sheridan, WY 82801; (307) 674-2600. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Table of Contents Summary Table 1 List of Acronyms and Definitions of Road Terms Used in the Document 2 Chapter 1: Purpose of and Need for Action 3 Introduction 3 Proposed Action 3 Location 4 Purpose and Need 4 Decision Framework 6 Results of Public Involvement 6 Chapter 2: Description of the Alternatives 14 No Action Alternative, continue current management 14 Alternative 1, vegetation management and FSR 112 closed at point 1 14 Alternative 2, vegetation management and FSR112 closed at point 2 16 Alternative 3, vegetation management and FSR112 closed at point 3 17 Design Features for Alternatives 1, 2, and 3 17 Monitoring 22 Alternatives Considered but Not Analyzed in Detail 22 Chapter 3: Affected Environment and Environmental Effects 23 Key Issue 1 – Elk Security 24 Key Issue 2 – Recreation Opportunities 26 Key Issue 3 – Roadless Characteristics 28 Non-key Issue 1: Soils, Water Quality, and Fisheries 36 Non-key Issue 2: Landscape Aesthetics/Scenic Integrity 42 Non-Key Issue 3: Wildlife 47 Non-Key Issue 4: Forest Regeneration 61 Compliance with Other Laws and Regulations 67 Chapter 4 – Coordination and Consultation 68 Preparers and Contributors 68 Agencies, Organizations, and Persons Contacted 69 Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI) 71 Appendix A – Water Conservation Practices Handbook (WCPH) Design Criteria Applicable to Alternatives 1, 2, and 3 75 List of Figures and Tables Figure 1. Map of project area and proposed actions under alternatives 1, 2, and 3. 7 Figure 2. Analysis area boundary for recreation effects. 27 Figure 3. Crater Ridge project area and the Little Bighorn Roadless Area. 29 Figure 4. Portion of the Crater Ridge project area in the RACR inventory boundary. 33 Figure 5. Analysis area for landscape aesthetics and scenic integrity. 42 Table 1. Key and non-key issues identified for the Crater Ridge vegetation management project and analyzed in chapter 3. 8 Table 2. Proposed timber treatments by unit for the Crater Ridge vegetation management project. 14 Table 3. Proposed actions for existing Forest Service roads under the Crater Ridge vegetation management project. 15 Table 4. Design features for alternatives 1, 2, and 3. 17 Table 5. Monitoring to be conducted for the proposed action 22 Table 6. Past, present, and reasonably foreseeable future actions considered in the effects analysis. 23 Table 7. Effects of the alternatives on existing elk security in the project area and immediate vicinity. 25 Table 8. Comparison of the effects of closing FSR 112 by alternative. 28 Table 9. Roadless characteristics and their condition in the project area. 30 Table 10. Soil types in the project area and their limitations to timber harvest and regeneration. 37 Table 11. Past, present, and foreseeably activities in the project area that have the potential to effect soil, water quality, and fish resources. 39 Table 12. Existing scenic integrity in the project area. 43 Table 13. Desired scenic integrity in the project area. 44 Table 14. Difference between existing and desired scenic integrity in the project area. 44 Table 15. Wildlife species – summary of status on Forest and affected environment 49 Table 16. Species Distribution of the pre-harvest and post-harvest regeneration. 63 Table 17. Timing of reforestation after the 1990’s group selection harvests. Data from the 52 reforestation plots taken in 2014 64 Table 18. Comparison of group selection regeneration design criteria between 1990’s harvest and current proposal 65 2015 Environmental Assessment for the Crater Ridge Vegetation Management Project SUMMARY TABLE What actions are The Bighorn National Forest is proposing approximately 900 acres of proposed? commercial timber harvest in mixed conifer and spruce-fir stands us- ing group selection, single tree selection, and shelterwood harvest methods. In addition, Forest Service Road (FSR) 112 would be gated at one of three points (see map on page 7) and closed year-round to motorized vehicles. Why? The purpose of the project is to improve forest health and resilience in mixed conifer and spruce-fir stands by improving species diversity and managing stand densities, to offer commercial forest products, and to increase existing elk security. What other actions None. would meet the same need? What would it mean The current species distribution (more subalpine fir than other spe- to not meet the cies) would not change unless there was a fire, blowdown, or in- need? sect/disease epidemic. Existing stands would become less resistant to insects and disease. No commercial timber would be made available, and existing elk se- curity would not change. What factors will be The environmental assessment did not identify any significant envi- used when making ronmental effects from the proposed action. Any adverse environmen- the decision between tal effects of the proposed action are weighed against the benefit of alternatives? improved forest health and vegetation conditions and the increase in existing elk security. Are there any ways Design features (see table 4) would mitigate adverse effects. to mitigate adverse effects? What monitoring is Pretreatment and during treatment: Monitor protection of cultural re- required? sources, scenic integrity, and sediment control near Cub Creek. Post treatment: Determine down dead woody fuel loading; monitor new invasive species occurrences, changes in scenic integrity, refor- estation in final harvest units, protection for raptor nests; and, inspect road closure gates, assess incidences of blowdown. 1 Medicine Wheel Ranger District Bighorn National Forest LIST OF ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS OF ROAD TERMS USED IN THE DOCUMENT EA – environmental assessment Decommission – permanently removes a road or portions of a road from the Forest NEPA – National Environmental Policy Act Service road system. The roads in the Crater EIS – environmental impact statement Ridge project area would be decommis- FEIS – final environmental impact statement sioned by removing culvert(s), ripping the roadbed to a depth of 8 inches, applying RACR – Roadless Area Conservation Rule grass seed to the area, and scattering FSR – Forest Service road wood/rock debris onto the road for a sight MIS – management indicator species distance. SOPA – schedule of proposed actions Prehaul maintenance – normally includes the surface blading of a lightly rutted road, NOPA – notice of proposed action rebuilding existing drainage structures and ID team – interdisciplinary team in some cases the removal of vegetation from the roadbed. C&H – cattle and horse Reconditioning – includes such items as NFS – national forest system surface blading of the road surface, plating USFWS – U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service over rocky areas with soil or aggregate, re- WYNDD – Wyoming Natural Diversity Da- building existing drainage structures or if tabase needed the construction of new features (rolling dips, culverts, etc.). Reconditioning CFR – code of federal regulations is used to address heavier maintenance than SHPO – state historic preservation office what is expected with prehaul maintenance. Closed road – means a road is not open for Temporary road – a short-term transporta- general public use. Closed roads are nor- tion facility developed and operated for a mally physically closed by means of a road limited period of time. It will cease to exist closure gate, rock barriers, soil mounds or as a transportation facility after the purpose logs. In some cases, closed roads are only for which it was constructed is completed posted as being closed with a sign or post on and occupied land is reclaimed and managed the ground. A closed road is not shown on for natural resource purposes. the forest map or the motor vehicle use map. 2 2015 Environmental
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Book of Abstracts: Studying Old Master Paintings
    BOOK OF ABSTRACTS STUDYING OLD MASTER PAINTINGS ­ TECHNOLOGY AND PRACTICE THE NATIONAL GALLERY TECHNICAL BULLETIN 30TH ANNIVERSARY CONFERENCE 16­18 September 2009, Sainsbury Wing Theatre, National Gallery, London Supported by The Elizabeth Cayzer Charitable Trust STUDYING OLD MASTER PAINTINGS ­ TECHNOLOGY AND PRACTICE THE NATIONAL GALLERY TECHNICAL BULLETIN 30TH ANNIVERSARY CONFERENCE BOOK OF ABSTRACTS 16­18 September 2009 Sainsbury Wing Theatre, National Gallery, London The Proceedings of this Conference will be published by Archetype Publications, London in 2010 Contents Presentations Page Presentations (cont’d) Page The Paliotto by Guido da Siena from the Pinacoteca Nazionale of Siena 3 The rediscovery of sublimated arsenic sulphide pigments in painting 25 Marco Ciatti, Roberto Bellucci, Cecilia Frosinini, Linda Lucarelli, Luciano Sostegni, and polychromy: Applications of Raman microspectroscopy Camilla Fracassi, Carlo Lalli Günter Grundmann, Natalia Ivleva, Mark Richter, Heike Stege, Christoph Haisch Painting on parchment and panels: An exploration of Pacino di 5 The use of blue and green verditer in green colours in seventeenth­century 27 Bonaguida’s technique Netherlandish painting practice Carole Namowicz, Catherine M. Schmidt, Christine Sciacca, Yvonne Szafran, Annelies van Loon, Lidwein Speleers Karen Trentelman, Nancy Turner Alterations in paintings: From non­invasive in­situ assessment to 29 Technical similarities between mural painting and panel painting in 7 laboratory research the works of Giovanni da Milano: The Rinuccini
    [Show full text]
  • Nativity Scene Marks Christinas Santa Clans Parade Saturday Lots
    LEDGER ENTRIES SHORT DAYS FIFTY-FIFTH YEAR LOWELL, MICHIGAN, THURSDAY, DEC. 11, 1947 NUMBER 32 Now that the big giune hunters We have come close to the time have ail returned home, It !• claim- of year when the calendar shows ed that the hamburg. ia playing neo- the shortest days. The sun Is far ond fiddle to the deerburg. Said to Mrs. Gerald Staal Lawrence Ridgway away from us. He is flooding the be real tavory. Nativity Scene Santa Clans Parade Saturday South American countries with his — The HUlto — Passes at Age 32 Military Funeral Court's Decision bright sunshine. They revel In Mrs. Gerald Staal, 32, who was their own summer, and are happy The Lowell Board of Trade In in his golden light. The land of ths holding an old-time Chrtotmas taken to Osteopathic hospital in Orand Rapids late Tuesday after- rhumba and the tango flourishes party this Thursday evening at six Marks Christinas Lots of Fun For Young And Old Would Aid Lowell under his stimulating rays. o'clock at South Boston Orange noon, passed away about 1:30 Wed- hall. The ladies of the Orange will nesday morning. She had been in Plans for the first annual Santa Claus parade to be staged Satur- Legislature May Try To The sunlight now strikes us at a serve a turkey dinner which will be Hour Program Each Night poor health for some time. She is day, December 13 at 3 p. m. arc complete and the event promises very slanting angle, and there Is followed by a grand program and survived by the husband, a son Jack to hold plenty of fun for young snd old.
    [Show full text]
  • Modeling and Mapping of the Structural Deformation of Large Impact Craters on the Moon and Mercury
    MODELING AND MAPPING OF THE STRUCTURAL DEFORMATION OF LARGE IMPACT CRATERS ON THE MOON AND MERCURY by JEFFREY A. BALCERSKI Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY August, 2015 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES We hereby approve the thesis/dissertation of Jeffrey A. Balcerski candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Committee Chair Steven A. Hauck, II James A. Van Orman Ralph P. Harvey Xiong Yu June 1, 2015 *we also certify that written approval has been obtained for any proprietary material contained therein ~ i ~ Dedicated to Marie, for her love, strength, and faith ~ ii ~ Table of Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................1 2. Tilted Crater Floors as Records of Mercury’s Surface Deformation .....................4 2.1 Introduction ..............................................................................................5 2.2 Craters and Global Tilt Meters ................................................................8 2.3 Measurement Process...............................................................................12 2.3.1 Visual Pre-selection of Candidate Craters ................................13 2.3.2 Inspection and Inclusion/Exclusion of Altimetric Profiles .......14 2.3.3 Trend Fitting of Crater Floor Topography ................................16 2.4 Northern
    [Show full text]
  • 1 the Lifecycle of Hollows on Mercury
    The Lifecycle of Hollows on Mercury: An Evaluation of Candidate Volatile Phases and a Novel Model of Formation. 1 1 2 3 M. S. Phillips , J. E. Moersch , C. E. Viviano , J. P. Emery 1Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 2Planetary Exploration Group, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory 3Department of Astronomy and Planetary Sciences, Northern Arizona University Corresponding author: Michael Phillips ([email protected]) Keywords: Mercury, hollows, thermal model, fumarole. Abstract On Mercury, high-reflectance, flat-floored depressions called hollows are observed nearly globally within low-reflectance material, one of Mercury’s major color units. Hollows are thought to be young, or even currently active, features that form via sublimation, or a “sublimation-like” process. The apparent abundance of sulfides within LRM combined with spectral detections of sulfides associated with hollows suggests that sulfides may be the phase responsible for hollow formation. Despite the association of sulfides with hollows, it is still not clear whether sulfides are the hollow-forming phase. To better understand which phase(s) might be responsible for hollow formation, we calculated sublimation rates for 57 candidate hollow-forming volatile phases from the surface of Mercury and as a function of depth beneath regolith lag deposits of various thicknesses. We found that stearic acid (C18H36O2), fullerenes (C60, C70), and elemental sulfur (S) have the appropriate thermophysical properties to explain hollow formation. Stearic acid and fullerenes are implausible hollow-forming phases because they are unlikely to have been delivered to or generated on Mercury in high enough volume to account for hollows.
    [Show full text]
  • Salvation Through Religion. the Rebirth of the Classics in Arent Passer's Oeuvre
    Juhan Maiste SALVATION THROUGH RELIGION. THE REBIRTH OF THE CLAssIcs IN ARENT PAssER’S OEUVRE The history of art would have to kill the image so that its object, art might try to escape the extreme dissemination imposed upon us by images – from the ones that haunt our dreams and float by in clouds to the ones … To kill the image this was to want to extract from a subject that is always rent, con- tradictory, unconscious, in a sense “stupid”, the harmonious, intelligent, conscious, and immortal humanity of man. Georges Didi-Huberman, Devant l’image. Questions posées aux fins d’une histoire de l’art. Transl. John Goodman (Pennsylvania: University Park, 2005), 219. The sepulchral monument of Pontus de la Gardie and his wife Sofia Johannsdotter (Gyllenhielm), daughter of John III of Sweden, is an opus magnum of the Renaissance and the most important sepulchral monu- ment that has ever been erected in Tallinn. It is the will of history that we know the circumstances of the monument’s erection and the fact that its author is Arent Passer; which, thanks to the article on this topic pub- lished by Sten Karling in 19381, has allowed the monument to remain in DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/BJAH.2014.8.02 Translation by Margus Tuvike and Juta Ristsoo. 1 Sten Karling, “Arent Passer, Lisand Tallinna kunstiajaloole”, Vana Tallinn, Vol. III (Tallinn: Tallinna Ajaloo Selts, 1938), 28ff. 46 Juhan Maiste Fig. 1. The sepulchral monument of Pontus de la Gardie and Sophie Gyllenhielm in Tallinn’s Cathedral of St.
    [Show full text]
  • Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-15445-2 — Mercury Edited by Sean C
    Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-15445-2 — Mercury Edited by Sean C. Solomon , Larry R. Nittler , Brian J. Anderson Index More Information INDEX 253 Mathilde, 196 BepiColombo, 46, 109, 134, 136, 138, 279, 314, 315, 366, 403, 463, 2P/Encke, 392 487, 488, 535, 544, 546, 547, 548–562, 563, 564, 565 4 Vesta, 195, 196, 350 BELA. See BepiColombo: BepiColombo Laser Altimeter 433 Eros, 195, 196, 339 BepiColombo Laser Altimeter, 554, 557, 558 gravity assists, 555 activation energy, 409, 412 gyroscope, 556 adiabat, 38 HGA. See BepiColombo: high-gain antenna adiabatic decompression melting, 38, 60, 168, 186 high-gain antenna, 556, 560 adiabatic gradient, 96 ISA. See BepiColombo: Italian Spring Accelerometer admittance, 64, 65, 74, 271 Italian Spring Accelerometer, 549, 554, 557, 558 aerodynamic fractionation, 507, 509 Magnetospheric Orbiter Sunshield and Interface, 552, 553, 555, 560 Airy isostasy, 64 MDM. See BepiColombo: Mercury Dust Monitor Al. See aluminum Mercury Dust Monitor, 554, 560–561 Al exosphere. See aluminum exosphere Mercury flybys, 555 albedo, 192, 198 Mercury Gamma-ray and Neutron Spectrometer, 554, 558 compared with other bodies, 196 Mercury Imaging X-ray Spectrometer, 558 Alfvén Mach number, 430, 433, 442, 463 Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter, 552, 553, 554, 555, 556, 557, aluminum, 36, 38, 147, 177, 178–184, 185, 186, 209, 559–561 210 Mercury Orbiter Radio Science Experiment, 554, 556–558 aluminum exosphere, 371, 399–400, 403, 423–424 Mercury Planetary Orbiter, 366, 549, 550, 551, 552, 553, 554, 555, ground-based observations, 423 556–559, 560, 562 andesite, 179, 182, 183 Mercury Plasma Particle Experiment, 554, 561 Andrade creep function, 100 Mercury Sodium Atmospheric Spectral Imager, 554, 561 Andrade rheological model, 100 Mercury Thermal Infrared Spectrometer, 366, 554, 557–558 anorthosite, 30, 210 Mercury Transfer Module, 552, 553, 555, 561–562 anticline, 70, 251 MERTIS.
    [Show full text]
  • View the 2021 Tufts University Commencement Program (PDF)
    165TH Commencement Tufts University Sunday, May 23, 2021 Commencement 2021 Commencement 2021 School of Arts and Sciences School of Engineering School of Medicine and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences School of Dental Medicine The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine The Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy Jonathan M. Tisch College of Civic Life University College #Tufts2021 commencement.tufts.edu Produced by Tufts Communications and Marketing Printed on recycled paper Table of Contents Welcome from the President 5 University Commencement 7 Dear Alma Mater 10 Tuftonia’s Day Academic Mace Academic Regalia Recipients of Honorary Degrees 11 School of Arts and Sciences 15 Graduate School of Arts and Sciences School of Engineering School of Medicine 43 Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences 48 Public Health and Professional Degree Programs 52 School of Dental Medicine 59 The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy 67 Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine 73 The Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman 79 School of Nutrition Science and Policy Jonathan M. Tisch College of Civic Life 83 COMMENCEMENT 2021 3 Welcome from the President Commencement is the high point of the academic year and has always been a special day at Tufts. While this year’s virtual celebration makes us less anxious about the weather forecast, this moment is no less extraordinary and no less distinguished. After a period of rigorous study, intellectual pursuit, and personal growth, our students stand ready to graduate from their respective academic programs and this great university. Today, we celebrate their achievements and recognize all those who have helped make this day possible.
    [Show full text]
  • Crisis En Catastrofe
    Lotte Jensen (red.) Crisis en catastrofe De Nederlandse omgang met rampen in de lange negentiende eeuw Crisis enCrisis catastrofe Onder redactie van Lotte Jensen Crisis en Catastrofe Crisis en Catastrofe De Nederlandse omgang met rampen in de lange negentiende eeuw Onder redactie van Lotte Jensen Amsterdam University Press Deze uitgave is mede tot stand gekomen dankzij een subsidie van NWO, Neder- landse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Deze publicatie is eerder verschenen als themanummer in het tijdschrift De Mo- derne Tijd, 4. 3-4, 2020 Afbeelding omslag: Reinier Vinkeles, Het instorten van huizen en het omkomen van mensen en beesten te Erichem door den watervloed (in Louwmaand 1809), Atlas van Stolk. Ontwerp omslag: Coördesign, Leiden Typografie: Rombus, Hilversum isbn 978 94 6372 256 8 e-isbn 978 90 4855 537 6 (e-pdf) e-isbn 978 90 4855 442 3 (ePub) nur 694 © Lotte Jensen / Amsterdam University Press B.V., Amsterdam 2021 Alle rechten voorbehouden. Niets uit deze uitgave mag worden verveelvoudigd, opge- slagen in een geautomatiseerd gegevensbestand, of openbaar gemaakt, in enige vorm of op enige wijze, hetzij elektronisch, mechanisch, door fotokopieën, opnamen of enige andere manier, zonder voorafgaande schriftelijke toestemming van de uitgever. Voor zover het maken van kopieën uit deze uitgave is toegestaan op grond van artikel 16B Auteurswet 1912 jº het Besluit van 20 juni 1974, Stb. 351, zoals gewijzigd bij het Besluit van 23 augustus 1985, Stb. 471 en artikel 17 Auteurswet 1912, dient men de daarvoor wet- telijk verschuldigde vergoedingen te voldoen aan de Stichting Reprorecht (Postbus 3051, 2130 KB Hoofddorp). Voor het overnemen van gedeelte(n) uit deze uitgave in bloemle- zingen, readers en andere compilatiewerken (artikel 16 Auteurswet 1912) dient men zich tot de uitgever te wenden.
    [Show full text]
  • Macrobiont: Cradle for the Origin of Life and Creation of a Biosphere
    life Article Macrobiont: Cradle for the Origin of Life and Creation of a Biosphere Benton C. Clark 1,* and Vera M. Kolb 2 1 Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80301, USA 2 Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Parkside, Kenosha, WI 53141, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 4 October 2020; Accepted: 9 November 2020; Published: 12 November 2020 Abstract: Although the cellular microorganism is the fundamental unit of biology, the origin of life (OoL) itself is unlikely to have occurred in a microscale environment. The macrobiont (MB) is the macro-scale setting where life originated. Guided by the methodologies of Systems Analysis, we focus on subaerial ponds of scale 3 to 300 m diameter. Within such ponds, there can be substantial heterogeneity, on the vertical, horizontal, and temporal scales, which enable multi-pot prebiotic chemical evolution. Pond size-sensitivities for several figures of merit are mathematically formulated, leading to the expectation that the optimum pond size for the OoL is intermediate, but biased toward smaller sizes. Sensitivities include relative access to nutrients, energy sources, and catalysts, as sourced from geological, atmospheric, hydrospheric, and astronomical contributors. Foreshores, especially with mudcracks, are identified as a favorable component for the success of the macrobiont. To bridge the gap between inanimate matter and a planetary-scale biosphere, five stages of evolution within the macrobiont are hypothesized: prebiotic chemistry molecular replicator protocell ! ! macrobiont cell colonizer cell. Comparison of ponds with other macrobionts, including ! ! hydrothermal and meteorite settings, allows a conclusion that more than one possible macrobiont locale could enable an OoL.
    [Show full text]
  • Stratigraphy of the Caloris Basin, Mercury: Implications for Volcanic History and Basin Impact Melt ⇑ Carolyn M
    Icarus 250 (2015) 413–429 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Icarus journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/icarus Stratigraphy of the Caloris basin, Mercury: Implications for volcanic history and basin impact melt ⇑ Carolyn M. Ernst a, , Brett W. Denevi a, Olivier S. Barnouin a, Christian Klimczak b,c, Nancy L. Chabot a, James W. Head d, Scott L. Murchie a, Gregory A. Neumann e, Louise M. Prockter a, Mark S. Robinson f, Sean C. Solomon b,g, Thomas R. Watters h a The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA b Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC 20015, USA c Department of Geology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA d Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA e Planetary Geodynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA f School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA g Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA h Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA article info abstract Article history: Caloris basin, Mercury’s youngest large impact basin, is filled by volcanic plains that are spectrally Received 11 August 2014 distinct from surrounding material. Post-plains impact craters of a variety of sizes populate the basin Revised 25 October 2014 interior, and the spectra of the material they have excavated enable the thickness of the volcanic fill to Accepted 1 November 2014 be estimated and reveal the nature of the subsurface.
    [Show full text]
  • Omslag Crowdsourced Online Dispute Resolution Def.Indd
    MI E.M. E.M. MEIJERS MEIJERS INSTITUUT 283 INSTITUUT INSTITUUT VOOR INSTITUUT VOOR RECHTSWETENSCHAPPELIJK D. Dimov RECHTSWETENSCHAPPELIJK Solving disputes often takes a considerable amount of time and money. ONDERZOEK ONDERZOEK That holds for everyone involved. A new type of dispute resolution called Crowdsourced Online Dispute Resolution (CODR) seems to have the potential to offer a cheap, fast, and democratic dispute resolution procedure. Since it is currently not clear whether CODR procedures comply with the requirements of procedural fairness, the attractiveness and the acceptance of Crowdsourced CODR procedures may be in discussion. This thesis aims to establish whether CODR can fairly resolve disputes. First, Online Dispute it provides a framework of CODR, analyses the differences between CODR and other dispute resolution schemes, and constructs interpretation of procedural fairness that merges objective and subjective procedural fairness. Resolution Second, the research investigates whether the current CODR procedures are fair and proposes a model of a CODR procedure that complies with the interpretation of procedural fairness. Crowdsourced Online Dispute Resolution The findings of the research indicate that CODR can be designed to fairly resolve disputes. D. DIMOV This is a volume in the series of the Meijers Research Institute and Graduate School of the Leiden Law School. This study is part of the Law School’s research programme ‘Effective Protection of Fundamental Rights in a Pluralist World’. ISBN 978-94-028-0578-9 9 789402 805789 Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3003815 Crowdsourced Online Dispute Resolution Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3003815 Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3003815 Crowdsourced Online Dispute Resolution PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van Doctor aan de Universiteit Leiden, op gezag van Rector Magnificus prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 1996
    • MM 1996 ANNUAL REPORT NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART 1996 Annual Report Copyright © 1997, Board of Trustees, Cover: Hans Hofmann, Autumn Gold (detail), 1957, Details illustrated at section openings: National Gallery of Art, Washington. Robert and Jane Meyerhoff Collection, 1996.81.4 p. 5: James Peale, Fruit Still Life with Chinese Export All rights reserved. Basket, 1824, oil on wood, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Frontispiece: Jan van Huysum, Still Life with Flowers Thomas M. Evans, in Honor of the 50th Anniver- This publication was produced by the and Fruit (detail), c. 1715, Patrons' Permanent Fund sary of the National Gallery of Art, 1990.7.1 and Gift of Philip and Lizanne Cunningham, Editors Office, National Gallery of Art, p. 7: Odilon Redon, Large Vase with Flowers, 1996.80.1 c. 1912, oil on canvas, Gift (Partial and Promised) Editor-in-chief, Frances P. Smyth of John C. Whitehead, in Honor of the 50th Editor, Tarn Curry Bryfogle Photographic Credits: Anniversary of the National Gallery of Art, Editorial Assistant, Mariah Seagle Works of art in the National Gallery of Art's collec- 1990.64.1 tions have been photographed by the department Production Manager, Chris Vogel p. 9: William Michael Harnett, My Gems, 1888, oil of imaging and visual services. Other photographs on wood, Gift of the Avalon Foundation, 1957.5.1 are by: Anthony Grohowski (p. 32), James Locke Designed by Susan Lehmann, (pp. 31-33), Robert Shelley (pp.36, 38), and Rex p. 13: Georges Braque, Still Life: Le Jour, 1929, oil Washington, DC Stucky (p. 60), on canvas, Chester Dale Collection, 1963.10.91 p.
    [Show full text]