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Vascular Plant Inventory of Alaska's Arctic National Parklands

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Vascular Plant Inventory of Alaska's Arctic National Parklands National Park Service Arctic Network Inventory and Monitoring Program Vascular Plant Inventory of Alaska‘s Arctic National Parklands Bering Land Bridge National Preserve, Cape Krusenstern National Monument, Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve, Kobuk Valley National Park, and Noatak National Preserve Final Report Arctic Network Inventory & Monitoring Program National Park Service, Alaska Region By Carolyn L. Parker University of Alaska Museum of the North Herbarium 907 Yukon Drive Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-6960 DECEMBER 2006 REPORT NUMBER: NPS/AKRARCN/NRTR-2006/01 COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT: 1443CA991000065 FUNDING SOURCE: INVENTORY AND MONITORING PROGRAM, NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Copies of this report are available from the National Park Service, 4175 Geist Road, Fairbanks, AK 999709 Recommended Citation Parker, C. L. 2006. Vascular plant inventory of Alaska’s Arctic National Parklands: Bering Land Bridge National Preserve, Cape Krusenstern National Monument, Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve, Kobuk Valley National Preserve, and Noatak National Preserve. Final Report. ARCN I&M, National Park Service, Alaska Region. Report no. NPS/AKRARCN/NRTR-2006/01. Keywords Vascular plants, rare plants, floristics, Alaska flora, NPS Arctic Network, ARCN, Bering Land Bridge National Preserve, Cape Krusenstern National Monument, Kobuk Valley National Preserve, Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve, Noatak National Preserve. Abbreviations AKNHP: Alaska Natural Heritage Program, University of Alaska Anchorage ALA: University of Alaska Museum of the North Herbarium, Fairbanks ANCS: Automated National Cataloging System, NPS database ANILCA: Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act ARCN: Arctic Network, National Park Service Alaska Region B: Herbarium, Botanical Garden and Museum, Berlin, Germany BELA: Bering Land Bridge National Preserve C: Herbarium, Botanical Museum, University of Copenhagen, Denmark CAKR: Cape Krusenstern National Monument CAN: Herbarium, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ontario COCO: Herbarium, Colorado College, Colorado Springs COLO: University of Colorado Herbarium, Boulder DAO: Herbarium, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, Ontario, Canada DS: California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco GAAR: Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve GB: Herbarium, Botanical Institute, Götenborg, Sweden GH: Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, Massachusetts IAB: Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks ISC: Ada Hayden Herbarium, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa I&M: Inventory and Monitoring Program, NPS K: Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England KOVA: Kobuk Valley National Park LE: Herbarium, Komarov Botanical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia LD: Herbarium, Botanical Museum, Lund, Sweden MICH: University of Michigan Herbarium, Ann Arbor MIN: University of Minnesota Herbarium, St. Paul NPS: National Park Service NOAT: Noatak National Preserve NWR: National Wildlife Refuge Page ii Parker, 2006, ARCN Vascular Plant Inventory NY: New York Botanical Garden Herbarium O: Herbarium, Natural History Museum, Oslo, Norway OBI: California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo RE: Range extension RM: Rocky Mountain Herbarium, University of Wyoming, Laramie S: Herbarium, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden TRH: Herbarium, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim UAF: University of Alaska Fairbanks US: Smithsonian Institution, U.S. National Herbarium, Washington, DC USFS-Sitka: U.S. Forest Service Herbarium, Sitka, Alaska USFWS: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service USGS: U.S. Geological Survey VABM: Vertical angle benchmark WRST: Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve WS: Herbarium, Washington State University, Pullman Rare Plant Ranking Abbreviations Listed are the abbreviations used for indicating plant rarity that are used by the Nature Conservancy and a network of natural heritage programs and conservation data cen- ters. In Alaska, the Alaska Natural Heritage Program, University of Alaska Anchorage (AKNHP), maintains a tracking list and rankings for the rare biota of Alaska. G#: global rank, throughout the entire range of the species S#: state rank, rarity as observed at the state level 1: species is critically imperiled due to extreme rarity (five or fewer occurrences) or due to some factor of its biology making it especially vulnerable to extinction 2: species is imperiled due to rarity (6 to 20 occurrences) or due to other factors making it very vulnerable to extinction 3: species is either very rare and local in distribution (21 to 100 occurrences) or found within a restricted range 4: species is widespread and apparently secure 5: species is clearly secure ?: a qualifier noting that the ranking is inexact; more information is needed to be certain if the rank shown is supportable Q: questionable taxonomy, the taxonomy supporting this name is questioned by some botanists S#S#: indicates rank is uncertain and best described as a range between two rankings T: indicates ranking is for the listed subspecies or variety Parker, 2006, ARCN Vascular Plant Inventory Page iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Recommended Citation ............................................... ii Keywords.......................................................... ii Abbreviations ....................................................... ii Rare Plant Ranking Abbreviations . ....................................... iii List of Figures ....................................................... .vi List of Tables ........................................................vii Abstract........................................................... .ix Executive Summary . .................................................. .xi Chapter 1: Introduction . ............................................... 1 Chapter 2: History of Early Botanical Investigations in the Arctic Network Region . 3 Chapter 3: Methods . .................................................. 5 Chapter 4: Description of ARCN Parklands and Results of I&M Vascular Plant Inventory . ............................... 7 Bering Land Bridge National Preserve. 8 Cape Krusenstern National Monument . 15 Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve. 25 Kobuk Valley National Park. 37 Noatak National Preserve. 44 Chapter 5: Discussion of Rare and Noteworthy Species ...................... 56 Chapter 6: Range Extensions . ......................................... 104 Chapter 7: Summary Discussion and Recommendations. 108 Acknowledgements . ................................................ 111 Literature Cited . ................................................... 112 Appendix: List of Vascular Plant Species Documented for ARCN Parklands . ..... 119 Parker, 2006, ARCN Vascular Plant Inventory Page v LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1. Physiographic map of the Arctic Network parklands. 1 Figure 4.1. Overview map of the Arctic Network I&M inventory sites. 7 Figure 4.2. Overview map of Bering Land Bridge National Preserve . 10 Figure 4.3. Shishmaref Inlet lagoon, northeast arm. 10 Figure 4.4. Shishmaref Inlet lagoon, northeast arm. 11 Figure 4.5. Espenberg River, vicinity 2 km east of mouth. 12 Figure 4.6. Espenberg River, vicinity 5 km upriver from mouth. 12 Figure 4.7. Overview map of Cape Krusenstern National Monument . 18 Figure 4.8. Kakagrak Hills, vicinity 2 km north of landing strip. 19 Figure 4.9. Tasaychek Lagoon, on the coast at base of Kakagrak Hills. 19 Figure 4.10. Igichuk Hills, north of Mt. Noak and upper Situkuyok River valley. 20 Figure 4.11. Igichuk Hills, vicinity southeast of Mt. Noak. 20 Figure 4.12. Overview map of Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve. 29 Figure 4.13. Endicott Mountains, Upper Encampment Creek . 30 Figure 4.14. Endicott Mountains, Killik River dunefield. 30 Figure 4.15. Castle Mountain, Arctic Foothills. 31 Figure 4.16. Angayucham Mountains, Lake Selby. 31 Figure 4.17. Schwatka Mountains, Reed Hot Springs . 32 Figure 4.18. Overview map of Kobuk Valley National Park. 39 Figure 4.19. Baird Mountains, Salmon River headwaters. 39 Figure 4.20. Baird Mountains, north side of Jade Mountain. 41 Figure 4.21. Kobuk River lowlands in vicinity of Ahnewetut Lake. 41 Figure 4.22. Waring Mountains, vicinity 1 km north of VABM Slam. 42 Figure 4.23. Overview map of Noatak National Preserve. 47 Figure 4.24. DeLong Mountains, Copter Peak, headwaters of Kugururok River. 47 Figure 4.25. DeLong Mountains, Primus Creek, headwaters in Anisak River valley. 48 Figure 4.26. Desperation Lake, Anisak River valley. 48 Figure 4.27. Grand Canyon of the Noatak River, mouth of Porgo Creek. 49 Figure 4.28. Grand Canyon of the Noatak River, Sisiak Creek and Lake Narvakrak. 49 Figure 5.1. Saussurea triangulata . 60 Figure 5.2. Symphyotrichum yukonense. 62 Figure 5.3. Draba pauciflora . 65 Figure 5.4. Stellaria dicranoides . 71 Figure 5.5. Carex holostoma. 75 Figure 5.6. Oxytropis arctica var. barnebyana. 78 Figure 5.7. Oxytropis kobukensis. 80 Figure 5.8. Oxytropis tananensis. 82 Figure 5.9. Gentianopsis detonsa. 83 Figure 5.10. Rumex krausei. .91 Figure 5.11. Oxygraphis glacialis . 94 Figure 5.12. Ranunculus glacialis ssp. camissonis. 95 Figure 5.13. Ranunculus monophyllus. 96 Figure 5.14. Potentilla fragiformis. 98 Figure 5.15. Potentilla stipularis. 99 Page vi Parker, 2006, ARCN Vascular Plant Inventory LIST OF TABLES Table 4.1. List of localities and major habitat types visited in BELA. 13 Table 4.2. List of localities and major habitat types visited in CAKR. 21 Table 4.3. List of localities and major habitat types visited in GAAR. 33 Table 4.4. List
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