Atlas of Rare Endemic Vascular Plants of the Arctic

Technical Report No. 3 About CAFF

The program for the Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF) of the Arctic Council was established lo address the special needs of Arctic ecosystems, species and thcir habitats in the rapid ly developing Arctic region. Itwas initiated as one of'four programs of the Arctic Environmental Protcction Strategy (AEPS) which was adopted by Canada, Denmark/Greenland, Finland, lceland, Norway, Russia, Swcdcn and the United States through a Ministeria! Declaration at Rovaniemi, Finland in 1991. Other programs initi­ ated under the AEPS and overlaken hy the Are.tie Council are the Arctic Monitoring and assessment Programme (AMAP), the program for Emergency Prevention, Preparcd­ ness and Response (EPPR) and the program for Protection of the Arctic Marine Envi­ ronment (PAME).

Sinceits inaugural mccti.ng in Ottawa, Canada in 1992, the CAFF program has provided scientists, conscrvation managers and groups, and indigenous people of the north with a distinct forum in which lo tackle a wide range of Arctic conservation issues at the cir­ cumpolar level.

CAFF's main goals, which are achieved in keeping with the concepts of sustainable developrnertt and utilisation, are:

• to conserve Arctic Jlora and fauna, thcir diversity and thcir habitats; • to protect the Arctic ecosystems from threats; • to improve conservation management laws, reg ulations and practices for the Arclic; • to integrale Arctic interests into global conservation fora.

CAFF operates rhrough a system of Designated Agencies and National Representatives responsible for CAFF in thcir rcspcctivc countries. CAFF also has an International Work­ ing Group wh.ith has met annually to assess progrcss and to develop Annual WorkPlans. CAFF is hcadcd up hy a chair and vice-chair which rotatc among the Arctic countries ancl it is supported by an lnternational Secretariat. When needed, CAFF also setsb up specialist and experts groups to handle program areas.

The rnajority of CAFFs activities are directed at conserving Arctic biodiversity- the abundance and diversity of Arctic flora, fauna, and habitats- and at integrating indig­ enous people and their knowlcdgc .into CAFF. Some examples are: The development and assistance with implementation of conservation su·atcgies and action plans for a Circumpolar ProtccteLead Countries as a means of sharing the workload. Some projects are also assigned to the CAFF Secre­ tmiat. Whenever possible, CAFF works in co-operation with other international organisations and associations to achieve co.mmon eonservation goals in tbc Arctic. Atlas of Rare Endemic Vascular Plants of the Arctic

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAPF} Technical Repo1·t No. 3

June1999

by Stephen S. Talbot Boris A. Yurtsev David F. Murray George. W. Argus Christian Bay and Arve Elvebakk Suggested citation: Talbot, S.S., B.A. Yurtsev, D.F. Murray, G.W. Argus, C. Bay, and A. Elvebakk. 1999. Atlas of rare endemic vascular plants of the Arctic. Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAPF) Techu.ical Report No. 3. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, AK. iv + 73 pp. Contents

Page TabJes ...... iv Figures ...... iv Abstract ...... 1 lntroduction ...... 2 Background ...... 2 Defi.nition of Arctic ...... 2

Concept of Rarity., , .. •• , •....•....•••..•..•.•••.••.•••• ...... 4 Importance of Rare Arctic Plants ...... 4 Methods ...... 7 Development of the Species List ...... 7 Taxonomic Considerations ...... 7 Gap Analysis ...... 8 Excluded Taxa ...... 8 Results ...... 9 Summary Statistics ...... 9 Gap Analysis: Relationship Between Species Distrihutions and Habitat Protected Areas ...... 9 Systematic List ...... 13 Acknowledgments ...... 37

Glossary .. ! ••••• ••••• 37 Literature Cited ...... 38 Appendix I. Excluded Taxa ...... 43 Appendix IL Location of Rare Endemic Vascular Plants of the Arctic by Country and Latitude and Longitude ...... 4 7 Appendix III. Distribution Maps of Individual Rare Endemics ...... 50

iii Tables

Numher Page 1 IUCN (1994) Red List threat categories ...... 6 2 IUCN Protected areas management catcgories 1-V ...... 8 3 Numbers of rare vascular endemics in cach CAFF country ...... 9 4 Numbers of rare vascular endcmic taxa of the Arctic in each plant family ...... 9 5 Numbers of rare vascular endemic taxa of the Arctic in lUCN Red List threal categories ...... 9 6 Num.bers of rare endemic Laxa in each phytogeographic subzone ...... 10 7 Numbers of rare endemic taxa in floristic provinces and subprovinces 10 8 Unprotected rare endemic vascular plants of the Arctic ...... 13 9 Partially protccted rare endemic vascular plants of the Arctic ...... 13 10 Protected rare cndemic vascular plants of the Arctic ...... 14 11 Distribution of rare endemic occurrences in rclation to IUCN protected areas management categodes ...... 14

Figures

Number Page 1 Circumpolar map of the distribution of rare vascu]ar plants of the Arctic in relation to phyLogeographic subzones ...... 3 2 Circumpolar map of the distribution of rare vascular plants of the Arctic in relation to floristic provinces and subprovinces ...... 5 3 Circumpolar map of IUCN protected areas I-V ...... 11 4 Circumpolar map of the di.stribution of rare endemic vascular plants of the Arctic in relation to lUCN protected areas I-V ...... 12 5 Arternisia globularia var. lutea ...... 16 6 Douglasia bering ens is ...... 20 7 Erigeron muirii ...... 21 8 Mertensia drummondii ...... 23 9 Oxytropis wrangelii ...... 26 10 Sisyrinchium groenlandicum ...... 33

IV Atlas of Rare Endemic Vascular Plants of the Arctic

Stephen S. Talbot Refuges, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1011 East Tudor Road Anchorage, Alaska 99503 USA

Boris A. Yurtscv Head, Far North Vegetation Cover Department Komarov Botanical Institute Russian Academy of Science 2 Professor Popov Street St. Petersburg, 197376 Russia

David F. Murray University of Alaska Museum 907 Yukon Drive Fairbanks, Alaska 99775 USA

George W. Argus Canadian Museum of Nature, Research Division P.O. Box 3443, Station D Ottawa, Ontario KIP 6P4 Canada

Christian Bay Botanical Museum University of Copenhagen Gothersgade 130, DK-1123 Copenhagen, Dennmark

Arve Elvebakk Department of Biology University of Tromsø N-9037 Tromsø, Norway

Abstract: The vascular flora of the Arctic was surveyed by specialists from ejght Arctic countries to: (1) identify rare taxa endemic to the region; (2) establish an annotated list of !hese taxa; and (3) determine the levelvel of protection currently afforded these plants. "Arctic" is defined as those lands beyond 1atitudinal trcc line. Ninety-six rare endemic taxa were identified. Information compiled for each included taxonomy, geograpb.ic distribution, habitat preforences, biological characteristics, estimates of endangerment, and citations of supporting literatufc. Gap analysis determinecl the relation ofntre taxa to areas of protected habitats. Taxa were grouped into tb.ree categorics: (1) unprolected (no occurrences are within protected areas); (2) partially protected (some occurrences are within protected areas); and (3) protectcd (all occurrences are within protectcd areas). Results indicate that 47% of the rare endemics are unprotected, 23% part.ially protcectcd,and 30% p.rotcctcd. Accord­ ing to IUCN Red List threat categories, 19% of the taxa are vulnerable, 29% near threatened lower risk, 26% least concern lower risk, I% endangered, and 24% data deficient. The majority of rare endemic taxa, 61%, occur outside TUCN protected areas (categories J-V); 25% occur within strict nature/scientific reserves(IU CN category I); I 2% in managed nalure reserves/ wildlife sanctuaries (IUCN category lY); and 1.6% in national parks (IUCN category li).

1 - - :>,. - ,il

During the early decades of the 21 st century, the Arctic which adequate data on Lhe disttibution of taxa are lack­ will be strongJy affected by forces within and ftom outside ing, and we expect the annotated list hereio to stimulate the region, including the impacts of global climate change, greater interest in these taxa, and possibly to enhance the resource development, increases in permanent residents, discovery of additional localities for them. and burgeoning tourism (Walker 1995). The relatively The conventionaJ approach to protecting biological di­ simple and often fragile Arctic ecosystems could become versity has been to proceed species by species and threat dramatically altered through changes to the vegetation, by threat, but these piecemeal approaches are not adequate destruction of wetJands, and thawing of ice-rich penna­ by themse]ves to address the accelerating extinction crisis frost, as well as througb feedbacks of these effects to (Scott et al. 1993). A new tool, commonly referred to as global hydrologic and atmospheric systems. It is there­ "gap analysis," is now avaHable fora more integrated and fore timely that rare arctic plant species be assessed for proactive ecosystem-level analysis. This techniquc is one conservation, educati.on, and Jand-use planning. of rapid appraisal to identify gaps in the protcction of Data are becoming available to support the supposition biodiversity by determining whether target species and that biological diversity ensures a bealthy biosphere. To ecosystems are adequately represented within the cxist­ preserve plant diversity, conservation programs must be ing network of protected areas (Lysenko et al. 1996). For goided by the biological requirements of species and eco­ the Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF), gap system components (Falk and Holsinger 1991). Knowl­ analysis should promote international collaboration, foster edge of rare plants plays arolein recognizing and deJimit­ research by participating countries, and facilitate planning ing ecosystems that warrant protection. The objectives of of the Circumpolar Protected Areas Network (CPAN). this study were to: (1) identify rare vascular plant taxa Once gaps are identified, the challenge will be to fill them endemic to the Arctic; (2) establish an armotated list of through new reserves or changes in management prac­ these taxa; .and (3) perform gap analysis on the results. tices. As stated by Holmgren (1979) and Rowe (1988), The first steps, therefore, are to identify rare taxa and preservation of habitat is the only logical strategy to save to provide geographic data, estimates of endangennent, rare taxa; hence we must leam as much as we can about habitat preferences, comments on biological characteris- the ecological requirements of the taxa in question. To- tics, taxonomic status, and other related information. We ward these ends we have begun by providing this anno­ have compiled data that we hope can guide program deci­ tated list of rare taxa. sions, especially allocations of resources for protection and Botanical tenns are defined in the Glossary. additional research. Large areas of the Arctic remain for

The list developed was begun at the first CAFF meeting isa function of regional cJimate and not local edaphic con­ in Ottawa, Canada. Since then, there has been strong, grow­ ditions (Murray 1978). For ecological purposes, it is prac­ ing interest in rare vascular plants of the Arctic. A long list tical to limit the Arctic region soutbwards by using a bound­ of candidate taxa was dcveloped and then reduced by a ary easily observed in the v:egetation itself (Hustich 1979). stricter, ecological definition of the Arctic and by a con­ Therefore, tree line or some portion of the tundra-taiga cept of rarity with explicit criteria. ecotone defines the southern boundary of the Arctic. For this project, Arctic and its subdivisions follow definitions of Definition of Arctic Yurtsev (1994) and Bay (1997; northem Greenland), al­ tbough several of the houndaries are debated. Defined thus, Arctic has clear climatic and ecological boundaries. Diverse definitions of the Arctic lead to confusion and Yurtsev ()994) divided the Arctic into six subzones (I­ cause problems, especially when data are compared among VI), which he united into two groups, Arctic (I-II) and countries. Reduced to its essence, the Arctic can be de­ Hypoarctic (UI-V l)(Fig. 1). The two southernmost scribed as a northern, treeless region, in wbich treelessness subzones (V-VI) are often considered as oceanic boreal

2 Distribution of Rare Vascular Plants of the Arctic in Relation to Phytogeographic Subzones

• I. High Arctic Tundra • lln. Arctic Tundra, Northern Variant lls. Arctic Tundra, Southern Variant Ill. Northern Hypoarctic Tundra IV. Southern Hypoarctic Tundra V. Suboceanic Stlaniks (Pinus pumila) VI. Oceanic Boreal (mostly treeless mesic meadows and heaths)

• Specles locations

3

I i . I . \ \ I I I i "" I ,,,..-.,. I .. I WORLD CONSERVATION . \ MONlTORlNG CENTRE

Figure 1. Circumpolar map of the distribution of rare vascular plants of the Arctic in relation to phytogeographic subzones (Yurtsev 1994) and Bay (1997; northern Greenland). rather than subarctic treeless territories. The Arctic group Southcrn Hypoarctic Tundra (Fig. 1, IV) is character­ of subzones is characterized by vegetation mainly of Arc­ ized by the greater impo1iance of shrub tundras. Tnsec­ tic and Arctic-alpine species in which hypoarctic oli­ tors with milder, snow-ricb winters, shrub tundras a1so gotrophic species are rare. Low shrubs are absent, and occupy plakors; in the more continental subzones on silt the tundra sod is Lhin and regularly perforated (as in frost they are confincd to depressions and slopes; and on inter­ boi! and dry polygonal tundras), with the humus horizon fluves they are rcplacecl by sedgc-cottongrass tussock tun­ being organic-mineral, and almost base-saturated, even on dras. Northern Hypoarctic Tundra (Fig. 1. III) is charac­ acid rocks. There is little difference between the vegeta­ terized by the dccreased role of low shrub associations tion of floodplains and interfluves. In the High Arctic Tun­ (especially outside riparian sites), the increased role of dra subzone (Fig. 1, T), mean July temperature is maxi­ arctic-alpine dwarf shrubs and herbs (as compared to TV), mally 2°C, proslrate shrubs are normally lacking, and plant and the dwarfhabit of Betula nana s.l. cover is di scontinuous ("herb zone" of Edlund 1990). Where Yurtsev (1994) further distinguished floristic provinces soils are moist and relatively well-developed, the vegeta­ or longitudinal sectors in the Arctic based on the distribu­ tion has a high cover of bryophytes, crustose lichens, or tion boundaries of vascular plant species. Seven floristic cyanobacteria with an admixture of rosette and cushion­ provinces and 22 suhprovinces are distinguished (Fig. 2). fonning p1ants ("semi-deserts" of Bliss 1981). Tnthe Arctic Tundra subzone (Fig. l, Il), dominant spe­ Concept of Rarity eies includc prostrate deciduous shrubs such as Dryas and Salix. This subzone has two variants, northern (lin) and southern (IIs). In the northcm variant, the flora is. more At the Fourth CAFF workshop in Reykjavik, the bo­ impovcrished and the vegetatioh more discotinuous, and tanical working group agreed to use a concept of rarity the rolcs of Dryas and the Cyperaceae are less important based on lhe system developcd by The Nature Conser­ than in the southern variant; among prostrate dwarf shrubs, vancy (TNC) and to excJude taxa more common than the Salix spp. are most important and many herbaceous spe­ G2 rank. These are taxa that ate imperiled globaliy be­ eies exhibit a pulvinate habit. The southern variant is char­ cause of their rarity (fewer than 20 occurrences or 3,000 acterized by the wider distribution of closed vegetation individuals, or few remaining individuals or hectares of and sedges and cottongrasses on plakors; heath vegeta­ habitat), or because of other factors that make thcm de­ tion dominated by Cassiope tetragona can he locally monstrably vulnerable to extinction throughout their range. common. Discontinuous distributions often reflect lack of botani­ Hypoarctic subzones are characterized by the prevalence cal knowledge. We have attempted to assign rarity and to of conti nuous vegetation, the formation of acidic organic highlight taxa at risk by using the widcly recognized and layers over mineral soil horizons, and the highcr domi- easily understood IUCN Red Listcategories (IUCN 1994; nance of the hypoarctic oligotrophlc complex of 1ow woody Table 1). Given that precise data are rarely availahle for plants ( dwarf to low shrubs), mosses, and fruticose lichens. the whole range of Arctic taxa, there is often an element Eutrophic herbs are restricted to intrazonal habitats (ex­ of uncertainty in applying !hese categories. Gaps in dis­ cept on carbonate landscapes). The Suboceanic Sllanik tribution may be mercly gaps in knowledge, and we have subzone is rcstricted to northeasternmost Asia (Fig. 1, V), auempted to nwke educatcd guesses about the overall sta­ tus of each taxon. where summers are as warm as in the northernmost taiga and forest-tundra. Large areas are covered by Pinus pumiLa thickets altemating with tbose of deciduous Stlaniks (Alnus lmportance of Rare Arctic Plants fruticosa s.l. and Betula middendorfii), and groves of some arboreal Salicaceae (Chosenia, Populus, and some Salix) Rare plants are of aesthetic, ecological, cducational, his­ are regu1arly found on permafrost-free floodplains. Thick- torical, recreational, and scienti fic value to the peopl.e of ets are replaced on silty plakors by various tundra types. the Arctic. Studies of rare plant taxa are important not Suboceanic Stlanik and Sou1hern Hypoarctic Tundra only because they address the immcdiate practica1 con­ subzoncs (Fig. 1, TV and V) are replaced by thcir oceanic cerns of taxon conservation, but also because tbey con­ counterparts, Oceanic Boreal (Fig. 1, VT)in regions of the tribute directly to a belter understanding of the ecological North Atlantic and North Pacific. Heath, mesic rneadows, and evolutionaty processes that are fundamental to all of and shrublands allemate. Birch woodlands occur on some islands such as Iceland and southern Greenland : Oli­ life's diversity (Falk and Holsinger 1991 ). gotrophic species are more common than arctic-alpine All living things are part of a complex, dclicately hal­ dwarf shrubs and herbs, particularly on acidic bedrock in anccd ecosystem. Theory predicts that the removal of a the Stlanik and Southern Hypoarctic subzones. Boreal single plant species can set off a cascade reaction, affect­ species contribute greatly to the Oora, and shrubs occupy ing not just other plants hut, through various pathways, a significant part of the landscape. also populations of insects and u1timately also birds and

4 ' 0 30 Distribution of Rare Vascular Plants I . of the Arctic in Relation to I 70 I Floristic Provinces and Subprovinces I. East Siberian Province A. Taimyr D B. Anabar-Olenek 60 C. Kharaulakh D. Yana-Kolyma

11. Chukotka Province D A. Continental Chukotka D B. Beringian Chukotka A/B Amguema Transitional area C. South Chukotka D D. Wrangel Island 11./111. Oceanic lnsular Province A. North Beringia B. South Beringia

Ill. Alaskan Province ' [] A. Beringian Alaska I • D B. Northern Alaska

5 IV. Canada-Greenland Province D A. Central Canadian D B. West Hudsonian [ ] C. West Greenland [ J D. East Greenland E. Ellesmere-North Greenland

V. Baffin·L.abrador Province

VI. European-West Siberian Province D A. Kanin-Pechora D B. Ural-Novaya Zemlya D C. Yamal·Gydan D D. Svalbard Other land mass Stable coexistence ofoceanic D and continental elements Ocean D Oceanic elements dominate • Species locations

I CAFF MONlTORlNG CENTRE 150 / Figure 2. Circumpolar map of the distribution of rare vascular plants of the Arctic in relation to floristic provinces and subprovinces (Yurtsev 1994). Table 1. IUCN (1994) Red List threatcategories. IUCN Category Definltion

Extinct (EX) A taxon is extinct when there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.

Extinct in the A taxon is extinct in the wild when it is known only to survive in wild cultivation, in captivity, or as a wild (EW) naturalized population (or populations) well outside the past range.

Critically Taxa facing extremely high risk of extinction in the wild in the immedfate future. None are reoorded endangered (CR) for the Arctic. Endangered (EN) Taxa not critically endangered bul facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild in the near future.

Vulnerable (VU) Taxa not as critically endangered or endangered but facing a high risk of extinction in the wild in the medium-term future.

Lower risk (LR) Taxa that do not satisfy the criteria of critically endangered, endangered, or vulnerable. Taxa included in thls category can be separated into three subcategories:

1. Conservation Taxa which are the focus of a continuing taxon-specific or habitat-specific conservation program dependent (cd) targeted toward the taxon in question, the cessation of which would result in the taxon qualifying for one of the categories above. None are known in the Arctic. 2. Near Taxa which do not qualify for .conservation dependent, bul which are close to qualifying for vulner­ threatened (ni) able.

3. Least Taxa which do not qualify for conservation dependent or near threatened. ooncern (le)

Data defloient (DD) A taxon is data deficient when there is inadequate informatton to make a direct, or indirect, assessment of its risk of extinction based on its distribution or population status. A taxon in this category may be well studied, and its biology well known, bul appropriate data on abundance and/or distribution are !acking. Data deficient is therefore not a category of threat or lower risk.

Not evaluated (NE) A taxon is not evaluated when it has not yet been assessed against the criteria.

mammals. lt is reasonable to wonder whether the lossofa nature ofyegetation change during past and future global rare plant can have such an effect, but it is presumptuous, climate changes. in the absence of infom1ation to the contrary, to assume it There is also a philosophical argument in support of pro­ wouldnot. tection for rare plants. Having adapted for milJennia to Rare plants are often eco1ogica1 specialists that occupy changing envirorunents, cvcry living taxon has intrinsic vaJue microhabitats where competition with zonal vegetation is (Wilson and Peter 1988, Reid and Miller 1989). Intrinsic absent or rare. For example, certain rare taxa are pre­ value is considercd by many to be a se]f-evident truth; thus, sumed to be re]icts of late-g]acial steppic environmeu:ts. to nccdlessly exterminate even rare forms of Jife is short-· These are minor elements confined to xeric microsites in sighted and wrong. Taxa lost are not replaced, and each contemporary tundra, but they are well adapted to recap­ loss forecloses on deriving future benefits. Whereas ex­ ture their former area should there be a retum to the envi­ tinction is c1early part of a natural process, the current rate romnental conditions under which they bad oncc been more of species extinction is greater than at almost any other widespread (Young 1996). Under such changing conditions, time in the past, outside of the mass extinctions brought on these rarities could become the "seeds" for widespread by asteroids, comet showers, or increascd volcanism vegetational changes, changes that could occur more rap­ (Jablonski 1991, Quammen 1996). Unlikc these events, idly by spreading from existing, albeit small, palehes of rare however, the current high rate of extinction and virtually all vegetation than by disper.sal or migration from distant zonal losses in the last century have been due, directly or indi­ sources. Careful study of the taxonomy, genetics, and ecol­ rectly, to human enterprises (Diamond 1984, Knoll 1984, ogy of rare taxa should give us important clues to the Ehrlich and Wilson 1991).

6 Methods

Development of the Species List and McKitrick 1995). While some of the Arctic taxa listed herein are widely recognized, tbere are rnany others for which formal rank is debatable. At this stage of our work. Compiling tbe data on rare endemic arctic taxa has been there remain significant differen.ces in taxonomic philoso­ a stepwise process . At the second CAFF mceting in pby and tradition among participating countries. Fairbanks, Alaska, a master list was developed from lists In some instances, current knowledge of a listed taxon contributed by all of the CAFF countries. Some problems is derived from a single specimen or from a few collec­ arose when intcgrating these data because of nomencla­ tions at a single locality. Others, in genera problematic by tural inconsistencies, rarity evaluated by various defmitions virtue of special mating or mixed mating systems, are most (some wer e based on the total range, others on national certain to be challenged. Whether these taxa will become and subnational zones or regions), and di vergenl conccp­ accepted depends in part on what more can he learned tions of what is "Arctic." from additional collections. Canada prcsented a list of 825 rare vascular plants to It is not the purpose of CAFF to resolve differences in the third CAFF meeting in Reykjavik. It was based on the competing species concepts; we recognize that certain taxa definition of Arctic proposed by Yurtsev (1994) and included are by their complex natures subject to multiple interpreta­ taxa that wcre rare in the Artcticfor each of the pat1icipat­ ti.ons. Rather than put tbese taxa aside for furthcr work, ing countries. Many of these taxa, although rare in one or we ind ude them in the list to open the door to discussion of more countries, were not rare throughout their total range. their status. Thus, we have acted pragmatically to compile The mapping of the taxa on this extensive list would bave the narnes of rare endemic arctic taxa as they are cur­ permitted the recognition of centers of rarity in the Arctic, rently known. This list serves as a statting point for furthcr as in Erie Hultén's use of equiformal progressive areas dialogue and rigorous scientific scmtiny. (Hultéu 1937). At the same time, it would have encour­ aged individual countries to take measures to protect rare In the list, plant names when written in full are followed flora within their own jurisdiction regardless of the abun­ by one or more personal names; these author names are dance of those taxa elsewhere. It was decided by the par­ frequently abbreviated in form, e.g., Papaver nudicaule ties, however, to restrict the taxa to be mapped lo endemic L. (for Linnaeus); Salix stolonifera Cov. (for Coville). taxa so that a report could be completed more expeditiously. The reader sbould be aware that the citation of Russian The botanical working group sought to restrict the geo­ author names is inconsistent. For example, Yurtsev spells graphic concept of rarity to exclude those endemics more hisnamc "Yurtsev" .in English, but uses "Jurtzev" or "Jurtz." common than TNC G2 rank (see Concept ofRarity). Now when Latinized and when used as an authority. Different excluded are taxa rare in one or more countries bul c01n­ translations or transliterations result in similar differences, mon elsewhere in the Arctic, and those peripheraJ taxa for example "Tsvelev'' and "Tzvel." that enter the Arctic at a few points from horeal regions Eight CAFF countries and 31 individuals were. active where thcy are otherwise commoa . participants in the process: Canada (George W. Argus, A revised list of rare endemic Arctic taxa was presented Cheryl McJannct, and Susan Swan, National Museum of at the fourth CAFF meeting in Moscow, which, following Canada; John McNeill, Royal Ontario Museum; Lue these new guidelines, had been reduced to approximately Brouillet, University of Montreal; Peter W. Ball, Erindale 100 taxa. That list formed the basis of the present document. College, University of Toronto), Finland (H eikki Eeronbeimo, Forest and Park Service, Northem Finland Park Area; Risto K. Heikkinen, Finnish Environmental In­ Taxonomic Considerations stitute; and Pertti Uotila, Finnish Museum of Natural His- tory), Greenland (Christian Bay , University of As the list of the rare Arctic endemics was compiled, Copenhagen), Iceland (Eythór Einarsson, Islandic Museum different species concepts of the taxonomists contributing of Natural History), Norway (Arve Elvebakk, University candidate taxa became evident. Whereas it may be asur­ of Tromsø, David Henry, GRID-Arendal), Russia (Boris prise to many nonspecialists that there can be disagree­ A. Yurtsev, Tatyana M . Koroleva [Zaslavskaya], Vladislav ment about the namre of species and their circumscrip­ V. Petrovsky, Olga V. Rebristaya, Natalya N. Taraskina, tions, the species concept has been al the heart of debate Maria V. Sokolova, and Aleksander A. Korobkov, Komarov among systematists for a long time (Standley 1992, Zink Botanical Institute), Sweden (Bente Eriksen, University

7 of Göteborg; Marianne Wellerin, Swedish Environmental and natural ecosyst:ems. The proximate goal of this ap­ Protection Agency; and the Swedish Threatened Species proach is to determine which rare taxa fall within protected Unit, Uppsala), and the United States of America (Craig areas. The ultimate goal is to ensure that habitats with W. Grccne, College of the Atlantic; David F. Murray, Alan rare taxa are represented adequately among protected R. Battcn, and Carolyn Parker, University of Alaska areas. To complete the process, legislation would be re­ Fairbanks; Roberl Lipkin, Alaska Natural Heritage Pro­ quired by a country or countries to create new protected gram; Stephen S. Talbot, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, lands that would then encompass the prcviously unpro­ Anchorage; Sandra Looman Talbot, Alaska Biological Sci­ tected taxa. ence Center, U.S. Geological Survey Biological Resources Mapping of ta.xa dist:ributions was conducted al the Division, Anchorage; Leila Shultz, Harvard University; and World Conservation Monit01ing Centre (WCMC) in Cam­ Stanley L. Welsh, Brigham Young University). Each coun­ bridge, United Kingdom. Spatial data were deri ved from try supplicd data on taxonomy, geographical coordinates, material compiled previously for othcr CAFF purposes. ecology, distribution, taxonomic relationships, conservation The analysis was restricted to protected areas larger than status, and rclared literature. Participants from non-CAFF 1,000 ha and ones assigned to IUCN Catego1ies I-V (de­ countries included: Czech Republic (Jan Kirschner, Praha), fined in Table 2; Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna United Kingdom (Simon Blyth and Richard Luxmoore, [CAFF] 1994), World Conservation M onitoring Centre), and the Ukraine (Scrgci L. Mosyakin, N.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany). ExcludedTaxa Gap Analysis Some taxa were snbmitted for consideration but did no(. mcct critcria for inclusion; these were e.xcTuded and re­ Gap analysis was used to assess the rcprcsentation of corded in Appendix 1. Further evaluati.on may reveal that rare plant taxa in areas managed exclusivcly or primarily they are worthy candidates in the futurc. for the long-tcnn maintenance of populations of native taxa

Table 2. IUCN Protected areas management categories I- V (I UCN 1978). IUCN Category Function

Strict nature/ To protect nature and maintain natural processes in an undisturbed state in order to have scientific reserve ecologicaliy representative exarnples of the natura! environment available for scientific study, environmental monitoring, education, and for the maintenance of genetic resources in a dynamic and evolutionary state.

li National park To protect outstanding natura1 scenic areas of national or international significance for scientific, educational, and recreational use. These are relatively large natural areas not materially altered by human activity, where extractive resource uses are not allowed.

Ill Natural monumenV To protect and preserve nationally significant naturaf features because of their speclal interest or natural landmark unique characteristics. These are relatively small areas focused on protection of specific features.

IV Managed nature To assure the natural conditlons necessary to protect nationally significant species, groups of reserve/ species, biotic communities, or physical features of the environment where these may require wildltfe sanctuary specific human manipulation for thelr perpetuauon. ControJled harvesting of some resources can be permitted.

V Protected landscapes To maintain nationally significant natural landscapes thai are characteristic of the harmonious and seascapes. interaction of man and land, while provtding opportunities for public enjoyment through recreation and tourism within the normal lifestyle and economic activity of these areas. These are mixed cultural/natural landscapes of high scenic value where traditional land uses are maintained.

8 Table 4. Numbers of rare vascular endemic taxa of the Summary Statistics Arctic in each plant family. Number Percent The distributioo of taxa for each country is given in Tab le Plant family of taxa of flora 3. Russia accounts for the highest number of rare en­ Aspidiaceae (Dryopteridaceae) 1 1.0 demic vascular plants (73%). Boraginaceae 1 1.0 Twenty-one vascular plant families are represcnted Caryophyllaceae 1 1.0 (Table 4). Plant families with significant numbers of taxa (listed in descending order of impo1tance} are Compositae Chenopodiaceae 2 2.1 (26%), Leguminosae (14%), Gramineae (Poaccae)(l4%), Compositae (Asteraceae) 25 26.1 Rosaceae ( 11 %), Papaveraceae (7%), and Cruciferae Cruciferae {Brassicaceae) 6 6.3 (6%). Ericaceae 2 2.1 Distribution of the 96 rare vascular endcmic plant taxa Gramineae (Poaceae) 13 13.6 of the Arctic within JUCN Red List thrcat categories is lridaceae 1.0 shown in Table 5. Many taxa are classed as lower risk 1 taxa (56% ), including 30% that are near thrcacened and Linaceae 1.0 26% of least concern. A significant number of taxa are Leguminosae (Fabaceae) 13 13.6 vulnerable (19%). Only 1% are endangered. Papaveraceae 7 7.3 Distributions of rare endemics in the phytogeographic Plantaginaceae 1.0 subzones of Yurtsev (1994) show the highest numbcr of Polygonaceae 1 1.0 occurrences in the N orthern (26%) and Southem Hypoarctic Tundra (22%) and the Arctic Tundra, northem Primulaceae 2 2.1 variant (26%; Table 6). ln relation to the floristic prov­ Portulacaceae 2 2.1 inces, a disproportionate number of taxa occur in the Ranunculaceae 3 3.1 Chukotka Province (48%, Table 7). In this province, the Rosaceae 10 10.5 most important subprovinces in terms of the number of Salicaceae 1 1.0 taxa are Wrangellsland (17%), Beringian Chukotka (14%), Saxifragaceae 2 2.1 and Continental Chukotka (12% ). Scrophulariaceae 1.0

Gap Ana lysis: Relationship Between Species 100.0 Distributions and Habitat Protected Areas Total 96

Maps (Figs. 3 and 4) show areas of habitat protection and the distribution of taxa in relationship to these areas.

Table 3. Numbers of rare vascular endemics in each CAFF country. Table 5. Numbers of rare vascular endemic taxa of the Arctic Number in IUCN Red List threat categories. Country of taxa Percent Category Number of taxa Percent Russia 70 72.9 USA 11 11.4 Endangered 1.0 Russia/USA 4 4.2 Vulnerable 18 18.8 Green land 4 4.2 Lower risk Canada 3 3.1 Near threatened 29 30.2 Canada/USA 2 2.1 Least concem 25 26.0 Norway 2 2.1 Data deficient 23 24.0 Total 96 100.0 Total 96 100.0

9 Table 6. Numbers of rare endemic taxa in each Table 7. Numbers of rare endemic taxa in tloristic provinces phytogeographic subzone (Yurtsev 1994). Taxa may occur and subprovinces (Yurtsev 1994). Taxa may occur in more in more than one category. Percentage values are in than one province or subprovince. Percentage values are parentheses. Key: I, High Arctic Tundra; lln, Arctic Tundra, in parentheses; values for provinces are in bold font. Key: northern variant; lls, Arctic Tundra, southern variant; Ill, I, East Siberian (A, Taimyr; B, Anabar-Olenek; C, Northern Hypoarctic Tundra; IV, Southern Hypoarctic Kharaulakh; D, Yana-Kolyma); II, Chukotka (A, Continental; Tundra; V, Suboceanic Stlaniks (Pinus pumila); VI, Oceanic B, Beringian; C, Amguema Transitional Area; D, South; E, Boreal (mostly treeless rnesic rneadows and heaths). Wrangel Island); 11/111, Oceanic lnsular (A, North Beringia; Phytogeographic Number of Number of B, South Beringia); Ill, Alaskan (A, Beringian; B, Northem); subzone taxa occurrences IV, Canada-Greenland (A, Central Canadian; B, West Hudsonian; C, West Greenland; D, East Greenland; E, 0 (0.0) 0 (O.O) Ellesmere-North Greenland); V, Saffin-Labrador; VI, lln 32 (20.8) 139 (26.5) European-West Siberian (A, Kanin-Pechora; B, Ural- Novaya Zemlya; C, Yamal-Gydan; D, Svalbard). lis 13 (8.4) 34 (6.5) Floristic Ill 50 (32.5) 139 (26.5) province or Number of Number of subprovince taxa occurrences IV 35 (22.7) 116 (22.1) I 17 (12.2) 86 (16.4) V (2.0) 3 {0.6) 3 A 8 (5.8) 61 (11.6) VI 7 (4.5) 51 (9.7) B 4 (2.9) 18 (3.4) (1 .1) Adjacent subarctic areas C 4 (2.9) 6 14 (9.1) 42 (8.0) D 1 (0.7) 1 (0.2) li 67 (48.2) 206 (39.3) Total 154 (100.0) 524 ( 100.0) A 17 (12.2) 31 (5.9) B 19 (13.7) 47 (9.0) C 4 (2.9) 5 (1.0) D 3 {2.2) 8 (1.5) E 24 (17.3) 115 (21.9)

11/111 6 (4.3) 30 (5.7) Distributions may be grouped into three categories of pro­ A 1 (0.7) 6 (1.1) tection: (1) unprotected (no occunrrences are within pro­ B 5 (3.6) 24 (4.6) tected areas); (2) partially protected (some occtmences are Ill 14 (10.1} 53 (10.1) within protected areas): and (3) protected (all occurrences A 9 (6.5) 32 (6.1) are within protected areas). B 5 (3.6) 21 (4.0) The largest category is unprotected taxa (Table 8), ac­ IV 9 (6.5) 59 (11.3) counting for 47% (4 5 taxa) of the rare endenrics. Of these, A 2 (1.4) 6 (1.1) 80% (36 taxa) are in Russia, 7% (3) in Greeniand, 4% (2) B 2 (1.4) 7 (1.3) in the United States, 4% (2) in Norway, 2% (1) in Canada, C 4 (2.9) 36 (6.9) and 2% (1) in Canada and the United States. D 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) Twenty-three percent of the taxa (22 taxa) are partiall.y E 1 (0.7) 10 (1.9) protected (Table 9). Of these taxa, protection tanges from V 0 (O.O) 0 (O.O) about 4.5% to 83% of all occurrences. Of the partially pro­ VI 6 (4.3) 18 (3.4) tected taxa, 64% (14 taxa) occur in Russia, 14% (3) in A 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) Canada, 9% (2 occur in the United States and Russia hut B 3 (2.2) 10 (1.9) are entirely unprotected in Russia, and 4% (1) in Greenland. C 1 (0.7) 5 (1.0) Thirty percent of the taxa (29 taxa) are fully protected D 2 (1.4) 3 (0.6) (Table 10). Of these, 76% (22 taxa) occur in Russia, and 24% (7) in the United States. Adjacent subarctic areas The majority of rare taxa, 61 %, occur outside IUCN 20 (14.4) 72 (13.7) protected areas categories I-V (Table 11 ). In addition, 71 % Total 139 {100.0) 524 ( 100.0) of rare endemic occurrences are outside these protected areas. Twenty-five percent of rare endemics occur within strict nature/scientific reserves (IUCN category I); 12.5% in managed nature reserves/wildHfe sanctuaries (IUCN category IV); and 1.6% in national parks (IUCN category category III) or protected landscapes and seascapes (IUCN TIJ. No rare endemics occur in natural monuments (IUCN category V).

10 Protected Areas I • Scientific reserve strict nature reserve

National, provincial or territorial park

Ill Natural monument natural landmark

IV Natura conservation reserve, managed nature reserve, wildlife sanctuary

V• Protected landscape or seascape

Arctic region

Southern limit of the Arctic ·-f' \ (Yurtsev 1994). - I I \

4-.2'

, I " I \ I . f 7

• \ . I CAFF I .• \ \ ConservationArcticFlora and Fauna WORLD CONSERVATION of I MONITORING CENTRE 1. 150 180 .....L..,,,.. 150 Figure 3. Circumpolar map of IUCN protected areas I-V (IUCN 1978). Only protected areas occurring in the Arctic are shown based on data from 1994 (Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna [CAFF] 1994). Distribution of Rare Endemic Vascular Plants of the Arctic in Relation to Protected Areas

Scientific reserve strict nature reserve

National, provincial or territorial park

Ill Natural monument natura! landmark

IV Nature conservation reserve, managed natura reserve, wildli fe sanctuary

V, Protected landscape orseascape

Arctic region

• Species locations

Southern limit of the Arctic (Yurtsev 1994).

- Conservationof Arctic Folra and Fauna WORLD CONSERVATION 1 0 . RING CENTRE

Figure 4. Circumpolar map of the distribution of rare endemic vascular plants of the Arctic in relation to IUCN protected areas I-V (IUCN 1978). Only protected areas occurring in the Arctic are shown based on data from 1994 (Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna [CAFF] 1994). Table 8. Unprotected rare endemic vascular plants of the Table 9. Partfally protected rare endernic vascular plants of Arctic (= 45 taxa); these plants do not occur in IUCN the Arctic(= 22 taxa); these occur in same IUCN protected protected area categories I-V. Key: CDN = Canada, GRN area categories 1-V.Taxon name is followed by'country code. = Greenland, NOR = Norway, RUS = Russia, and USA = Fraction: numerator (number of occurrences in protected United States of America. areas); denominator (total number of occurrences). Key: CDN = Canada, GAN = Greenland, RUS = Russia, and Arabidopsis bursMolla (DC.) Botsch. var. beringensis JUrtz., USA= United States of America. RUS A. tschuktschorum (Jurtz.) Jurtz., RUS Androsace semiperennis Jurtz., RUS, 1/6 Artemisia flava Jurtz., RUS A. arctica Less. subsp. arctica, USA (unprotected in RUS), A. samojedorum Pamp., RUS 1/10 A. gfobu/arfa Bess. var. Jutea Hultén, USA, 5/8 A. senjavlnensis RUS Sess. , Artemisia lagapus Fisch. ex Sess. subsp. abbreviata Astragalus gorodkovii Jurtz., RUS Krasch. ex Korobk., RUS, 1/15 A. igoschinae R. Kam. & Jurtz., RUS A. lagapus Fisch. ex Sess. subsp, trinia.na (Sess.) Korobk., Beckwithia glacialis (L.) Á. Löve & D. Löve ssp. RUS, 3/9 alaskensis Jurtz., D. Murray, & S. Kelso ined., USA Calamagrostis poluninii Th. Sør., GRN, 1/22 Cardamine sphenophylla Jurtz., RUS Draba aleutica Ekman ex Hultén, RUS and USA, 5/6 (all .localities within the USA are protected) Cassfope Xanadyrensis Jurtz., RUS D. taimyrensis Tolm., RUS, 2/6 Castilleja arctica Kryl. & Serg. subsp. vorkutensis Rebr., Erigeron muirii Gray, CDN, 2/14 RUS Linum lewisff Pursh subsp, lepagei (Soivin) Mosquin, CON, Chrysosplenium rimasum Kom. subsp. dezhnevii Jurtz., 2/8 RUS Oxytropis putoranica M. lvanova, RUS, 1/5 0/aytoniella vassilievii (Kuzen,) Jurtz. subsp. vassilievii, RUS 0 . sordida (Willd.) Pers. subsp. arctolenens;s Jurtz., RUS, 2/4 Crepis albescens Kuv. & Demid., RUS 0 . tichomirovii Jurtz., RUS, 2/22 Hedinia czukotica (Botsch. & Petrovsky) Jurtz,, Korobk. Papaver atrovirens Petrovsky, RUS, 3/5 & Salandin, RUS Poa hartzii R. Br. ssp. alaskana R. J. Soreng, USA, 1/5 Puccinellia byrrangensis Tzvel., RUS, 3/11 XLedodendron vanhoeffeni (Abromeit) Palgaard & P. gorodkovii Tzvel., RUS, 2/7 Fredskild, GRN P. poacea Th. Sør., CON, 1/12 Mertensia drummondil (Lehm.) D. Don, CON and USA Rumex krausei Jurtz. & Petrovsky, RUS, 2/4 Oxytropis beringensis Jurtz., RUS Taraxacum petrovskyl Tzvel. var. petrovskyi, RUS, 3/6 0. def/exa (Pall.) DC. subsp. dezhnevii (Jurtz.) Jurtz., RUS T. semitubulosum Jurtz., RUS, 3/7 0. kateninH Jurtz., RUS T. talmyrense Tzvel., RUS, 1/13 0. sordida (Willd.) Pers. subsp. bamebyana (Welsh) Jurtz., USA 0. sverdrupiflynge, RUS Papaver leucottichum Tolm., RUS Plantago canescens Adams subsp. Jurtzevii Tzvel., RUS Potentilla anjuica Petrovsky, RUS Systematic List P. beringensis Jurtz., RUS P. czegitunica Jurtz., RUS Data for each taxon are presented in the following se­ P. dezhnevii Jurtz., RUS quencc: P. tschaunensis Juz. ex Jurtz., RUS Puccinellia jenissejensis (Roshev.) Tzvel., RUS 1. The accepted name of a species, subspecies, or P. rosenkrantzii Th. Sør., GRN variety P. svalbardensis Rønning, NOR 2. Principal synonyms and misapplied names Pucciphippsia czukczorum Tzvel., RUS 3. Plant fami]y Ranunculus punctatus Jurtz., RUS 4. Latitudinal (zonal) geographical element, phytogeo­ R. wilanderi (Nath.) Á. Love & D. Löve, NOR graphic subzones (Yurtsev 1994) Roegneria nepliana V. Vassil., RUS 5. Longitudinal (sectorial) geographic element, floris- Sallconla borealis Wolff & Jeffries, CON tic subprovince (Yurtsev 1994) Sisyrinchlum groenlandicum Boech., GRN 6. Ecology $uaeda arctica Jurtz. & Petrovsky, RUS 7. Conservation status of a taxon (IUCN Protected Taraxacum czaunense Jurtz. & Tzvel., RUS Areas Management Category = IUCN PAMC, see T. czukoticum Jurtz.. RUS T.jur:tzevii Tzvel., RUS Table 2; IUCN Threat Categories = IUCN, see T. leucocarpum Jurtz. & Tzvel., RUS Table 1 [For more detailed definitions, refer to the T. petrovskyi Tzvel. var. safronovae Tzvel., RUS original publication (IUCN 1994)]; geographic T. senjavinense Jurtz, & Tzvel,, RUS distribution).

13 Table 1O . Protected rare endemic vascular plants of the 8. Notes: diploid chromosome number (2n), biological Arctic (= 29 taxa); these occur completely within IUCN considerations, taxonomic considerations and rela­ protected areacategories 1-V. Key: RUS= Russia and USA tionships. = United States of America. 9. The authors of the localities list (Ls) and of the an­ notation (T) Arlemisia a/eutica Hultén, USA Claytonie/Ja vassilievii (Kuzen.) Jurtz. subsp. petrovskyi Jurtz. I 0. Related literature ( citation) & M. Griczuk, RUS 11. Country (-ies) of occurrence Doug/asia beringensis S. Kelso, Jurtz., & D. F. Murray, USA Geographical coordinates for the localities of Gastrolychnis trif/ora (R. Br.) Tolm. & Kozhancz. subsp. individual taxa are shown in Appendix. Il, and maps wrangelica Jurtz., RUS showing the djstribution ofindividual taxa in relation Hierochloe wrangelica Jurtz. & Probat., RUS to these protected areas are in Appendix III. Oxytropis uniflora Jurtz., RUS 0. uschakovii Jurtz., RUS 0 . wrangelii Jurtz., RUS 1. Androsace semiperennis Jurtz. Papaver ca/careum Petrovsky, RUS 2. No syoonyms P. chionophilum Petrovsky, RUS 3. Primu]acea.e P. multiradiatum Petrovsky, RUS 4. North.em and Southem Hypoarctic Tundra, Suboce­ P. nudicau/e L. subsp. insulare Petrovsky, RUS anic Stlaniks (Pinus pumila) P. uschakoviiTolm. & Petrovsky, RUS Polystichum aleuticum C. Christensen, USA 5. Amguema Transitional Area, Continental Chukotka, Potentilla Xarctoalaskensis Jurtz., USA South Chukotka, and adjacent areas of Suboceanic P. brooksensis Jurtz., USA Stlaniks P. murrayi Jurtz., USA 6. Dry rubble and stony slopes of low mountains and P. uschakovii Jurtz., RUS hills, at the foot of tors; less frequently on aUuvial P. wrangelii Petrovsky, RUS Roegneria vfllosa V. Vassil. subsp. coerulea Jurtz., RUS gravels. Sa/ix sto/onifera Cov. subsp. carbonicola Petrovsky, RUS 7. Known from six localities. Protected in one locality, Saxifraga aleutica Hultén, USA Ust-Tanyrersky (IUCN PAMC = IV). IUCN = Senecio hyperborealis Greenm. subsp. wrange/ica Jurtz., LR(nt) Korobk. & Petrovsky, RUS 8. 2n = 40. Facultative polycarpic. Closest relative is Taraxacum nanaunii Jurtz., RUS believed to be A. gorodkovii Ovcz. & Karav. T. pseudoplatylepium Jurtz., RUS T. tolmaczevli Jurtz., RUS 9. Ls: N.N. Taraskina, T: A.A. Korobkov T. uschakovii Jurtz.,.• RUS 10. Korobkov (1980) T wrangelicum Tzvel., RUS 11. Russia Trisetum wrangelense (Petrovsky) Probat., RUS l . Arabidopsis bursifolia (DC.) Botsch. var. beringensis J urtz. 2. No synonyms 3. Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Table 11. Distribution of rare endemic occurrences in relation 4. Northem Hypoarctic Tundra to IUCN protected areas management categories I-V (IUCN 5. Beringian Chukotka 1978). Category definitions are shown in Table2. Taxa may 6. Zoogenic meadow on top of a high limestone tor. occur in more than one category. Percentages are in 7. Knownfrom very few individuals in a single habitat parentheses. at a single locality. IUCN = DD IUCN 8. 2n = 16. A short-Iived perennial. See comments on protection Number of Number of A. tschuktschorum, below. category taxa occurrences Taxa outside 9. Ls: N.N. Taraskina, T: B.A. Yurtsev protected areas 78 (60.9) 372 (70.9) 10. Yurtsev(1975, 1981) 11. Russia 32 (25.0) 114 {21 .8) 1. Arabidopsis tschuktschorum II 2 (1.6) 2 (0.4) (Jurtz.) Jurtz. 2. Arabis tschuktschorum Jurtz. Ill 0 (0.0) 0 (0,0) 3. Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) IV 16 (12.5) 36 (6.9) 4. Northern Hypoarctic Tundra 5. Beringian Chukotka V 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 6. Zoogenic dry meadow on top of a limestone hill; Total 128 (100.0) 524 (100.0) Dryas integrifolia fellfield.

14 7. Known from a few individuals at a single locality; a 9. Ls: N.N. Taraskina, T: A.A. Korobkov presumed relict of Late Pleistocene tundra-steppe 10. Hultén 1968 (pro minima'), Korobkov (1981 , 1987a) phase of Beringia. IUCN = DD 11. Russia, USA 8. 2n 16. A presumed derivative of the bypoarctic = 1. Artemisia flava Jurtz. continental East Siberian species, A. bursifolia 2. No synonyms (DC.) Botsch., Which is closely related to or conspe­ 3. Compositae (Asteraceae) cific with the North Ame.dean A. mollis (Hook) 4. Southern Hypoarctic Tundra and adjacent subarctic Schulz (fitle B.A. Ymtsev). alpine areas 9. Ls: N.N. Taraskina, T: B,A. Yurtsev 5. Continental Chukotka and adjacent subarctic alpine 10. Yurtsev (1975, 1981), Takhtajan (1988) areas 11. Russia 6. Stony, mbble, or gravelly forb-dwarf sbrub-lichen 1. Artemisia aleutica Hultéu tundras and barrens on mountain slopes, nival 2. No synonyms terraces, and headwaters of brooks; prefers moist 3. Compositae (Asteraceae) sites and acid to moderately acidic, siliceous rocks. 4. Oceanic Boreal (mostly treeless mesic meadows and 7. Known from ten localities, Anyui Mountains. IUCN heaths) =LR(Jc) .5. Oceanic Insular, South Beringia (AJeutian Islands) 8. 2n = J 8. Closely related to the amphi-BeringianA. 6. Windswept, open gravelly tundra; occurs as scat­ globularia var. Zutea from the Bering Strait region, tered, white, often sterile rosettes on seemingly Alaska (see below). barren areas between patches of heath vegetation. 9. Ls: T.M. Koroleva, T: A.A. Korobkov and 8.A. Associated taxa are Acliillea borealis,, Yurtsev Chrysosplenium wrightii, Diapensia lapponica 10. Korobkov (1.981, 1987a), Zaslavskaya and subsp. obovata, Acomastylis tossii, Lupinus Petrovsky (1985) nootkatensis, Senecio resedifolius, and Sibbaldia 11. Russia procumbens. 1. Artemisia globularia Bess. var. lutea Hultén 7. Known from four localities and only from Kiska and (Fig. 5) Rat Islands. Protected in all localities, Aleutian 2. Artemisia globularia Bess. f. lutea (Hult.) B. Boiv. Islands subunit of Alaska Maritime National Wild­ 3. Compositae (Asteraceae) life Refuge (IUCN PAMC = IV); the Aleutian 4. Northem and Southern Hypoarctic Tundra and Islands are a biosphere reserve (IUCN PAMC = IX). Oceanic Boreal (mostly treeless mesic meadows IUCN=VU and heaths-) 8. This species is one of a complex of taxa that in­ 5. Oceanic Insular, North and South Beringia, and cludes A. borealis Pallas and A. richardsoniana Beringian Alaska Besser; it is .most similar to the latter. 6. Wio:dswept moist herb tundra on gravelly and 9. Ls and T: S.S. Talbot sandy, acidic substrate. 10. Hultén (1939, 1968), Welsh (1974), Murray and 7. Known from eight localities on St. Matthew Island, Lipkin (1987), Lipkin and Murray (1997) St. Paul Island, St. Lawrence Island, and western 11. USA Seward Peninsula. Hultén 's ( 1968) report of this 1. Artemisia arctica Less. subsp. arctica taxon from Hall Island is incorrect, apparently a ·2 . No synonyms confusion of Hall with adjacent St. Matthew Island. 3. Compositae (Asteraceae) Protected in five localities, the Alaska Maritin1e 4. Northern and Southem Hypoarctic. Tunclra National Wildlife Refuge and Bering Land Bridge 5. Beringian Cbukotka and Beringian Alaska National Preserve (IUCN PAMC = IV). IUCN = 6. Willow-herb, mesic-tundra meadows on terraces, LR(lc) and forb-mesic meadows along brooks. 8. Artemisia globularia is a well-marked, widespread 7. Known from ten localities; five in Russia and five species distinguished from other Alaskan taxa in the in Alaska, but the distribution is believed to be genus by its much smaller heads of purplish-black poorly known. Protected in one locality, Bering flowers. Variety lutea is, however, a distinct, yellow­ Land Bridge National Preserve (IUCN PAMC = flowered race which shares with var. globularia IV). lUCN = DD glabrous corollas with numerous translucent glands. 8. 2n = 18. A diploid race; closely telated to the tetrap­ lt is therefore distinct from the yellow-flowered loid (2n =36) A. ehrendo,.feri Korobk., which is A. furcata Bieberstein and A. glomerata Ledebour, c01nmon throughout the Chukotka, Alaska, and which have corollas with long hairs and few if any Yukon. translucent glands. Artemisia flava from Russia

15 6. Restricted to dry, mostly unvegetateLena Delta State Reserve (lUCN PAMC = I). IUCN = LR(lc) 8. 2n = 18. The northernmost race of the northeast Asian, petrophilous A. lagopus Fisch. ex Bess. 9. Ls: T.M. Koroleva, T: A.A. Korobkov 10. Korobkov (1981, 1987a) 11. Russia l. Artemisia lagopus Fisch. ex Bess. subsp. triniana (Bess.) Korobkov 2. Artemisia triniana Bess. 3. Compositae (Asteraceae) 4. Arctic Tundra, Southern Variant; Northern Hypoarctic Tundra 5. Anabar-Olenek 6. Restricted to sands on riparian and marine terraces. 7. Known from nine localities. Protected in three lo­ calities, Lena Delta State Reserve (IUCN PAMC = I). TUCN :! LR(nt) 8. 2n = 18. A High Arctic race with pulvinate growth form, related to and presumably originated from the northeast Siberian .montane, petrophilous, continen­ tal subsp. lagopus. 9. Ls: T.M. Koroleva, T: A.A. Korobkov 10. Korobkov (1981, 1987a) 11. Russia Figure 5. Artemisia globularia var. lutea. This distinct yellow­ flowered race occurs on islands of the Bering Sea, Alaska. l. Artemisia samojedorum Pamp. Photograph courtesy of Sandra Looman Talbot, Alaska 2. Artemisia sieversiana Willd. var. jenisseensis Biological Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Reverdatto Biological Resources Division. 3. Compositae (Asteraceae) 4. Northem and Southem Hypoarctic Tundra and adjacent subarctic woodlands (southward to the mouth of Kureika River) differs from A. globularia var. lutea (see above) in 5. Yamal-Gydan, Taimyr, and adjacent subarcti.c areas its leaf dissection and dilated petioles (Murray and 6. Sandy, stony, and gravelly tloodplain and steep Lipkin 1987). banks of the Yenisei River valley; sometimes be­ 9. Ls and T: S.S. Talbot, R. Lipkin, D.F. Murray, and haves as a ruderal species. B.A. Ymtsev 7. Known from ten Jocalities. IUCN = LR(lc) 10. Hultén (1968), Welsh (1974), Kharkevich and 8. Biennial monocarpic herb belonging to the section Kachura (1981), Korobkov (1987a), Murray and Absinthium DC. Lipkin (1987), Lipkin and Murray ( 1997) 9. Ls and T: M.V. Sokolova 11. USA 10. Korobkov (1987a) ll. Russia 1. Artemisia lagopus Fisch. ex Bess. subsp. abbreviata Krasch. ex Korobkov 1. Artemisia senJavinensis Bess. 2. No synonyms 2. A. androsacea Seem. 3. Compositae (Asteraceae) 3. Compositae (Asteraceae) 4. Arctic tundra, Northem and Southcrn Variant; 4. Northern Hypoarctic Tundra Northern Hypoarctic Tundra; and adjacent subarctic 5. Beringian Chukolka (southeastemmost Chukotsk alpine areas Peninsula) 5. Easternmost Anabar-Olenek, Kharaulakh, and 6. Calcicolous; carbonate outcrops and dry slopes and adjacent areas (northern Verkhoyansk Range) wind-swept summits.

16 7. Known from seven localilies; locall y abundant. 3. Leguminosae (Fabaceae) IUCN = LR(nt) 4. Southem Hypoarctic Tundra 8. 2n = 54. Yurtsev (unpublished data, 1996) assigns 5. Ural-Novaya Zemlya all the Alaskan plants named A. senjavinensis to A. 6. Dry gravclly floodplains. androsacea Seem. (or A. senjavinesis subsp. 7. Known from three localities. IUCN = VU androsacea ined.). To him it differs from the Asian 8. 2n = 16. A presumed relict of a cold, dry interval of species bya more creepi.ng habit, the branches of Late Pleistocene. Considered by Stanley Welsh, the aboveground shoot system having clongated Brigham Young University (pers. comm., 1996), basal i.nternodes, not always abbreviated as in A. who takes a more inclusive vie.w, to be a minor ,senjavinensis from Chokotka. The Alaskan plants variant of Astragalus australis s.l. have ch.romosome numbers of both 36 and 54. 9. Ls: O.V. Rebristaya, T: Q.V. Rebristaya and B.A. Yurtsev Accordiug to Murray andKelso (1997), 10. Yurtsev (1986a) In the view of Korobkov and B.A. Yurtsev 11. Russia (pers. cornm.), many of the Alaskan plants tend I . Astragalus igoschinae R. Kam. & Jurtz. to have a more open growth form than the more 2. No synonyms. Misapplied namcs: Astragalus consistently pulv inate pplants from Chu.kotka; thus arbuscula auet. non Pall. they apply the name Artemisia senjavinensis in 3. Leguminosae (Fabaceae) a narrow sense to the Russian plants only. They 4. Southern Hypoarctic Tundra thcn treat the Alaska taxon as distinct from A. 5. Ural-Novaya Zemlya senjavinensis and gi ve it tbc name A. 6. Steep riparian bluff. androsacea Seem. [or A. senjavinensis subsp. 7. Known only from a single locality, the type collec­ androsacea (Seem.) Shed.]. Whereas, the tion. The exact location of this population (accord­ Chukotkan plants are uniformly 2n = 54, both 2n ing to the specimen label) is uncertain because there = 36 and 54 are. known for Alaskan specimcns are two rivers, called "Khoila R." on both the (Dawe and Murray 1981 ), which are withoot par­ western and the eastern slopes of the UraL IUCN allel morphological discontinuities; thus the cyclotypes cannot be distinguished excepl by =DD 8. Closest to the Altai-East Kazakhstan steppe or semi­ counts. Furthermore, there are Alaskan plants desert semishrub species, A. arbuscula Pall. of equally pulvioate and indistinguishablefrom tbose scction Xiphidium. A presumed relict of a cryo-arid on Chukotka; therefore, we view these differ­ intcrval of Late Pleistocene. ences as falling within the range of one species, 9. Ls: O.V. Rebristaya, T: 0.V. Rebristaya and B.A. A senjavinensis. Yurtsev Neverlheless, we have for this docurnent mapped 10. Kamclin and Yurtsev (1982), Yurtsev ( 1986a) Lbe species in its restrictive scnse. 11. Russia The suggestion byDawe and Murray (1981) that 1. Beckwithia glacialis (L.) Á. Löve & D. Löve the two chromosome races on the Seward Peninsula subsp. alaskensis Jurtz., D.F. Murray & S. may be ecologically separated warrants further Kelso ined. study, specifica1ly to answer this question. Does the 2. No synonyms variation in habit reflect a single polymorphic species, 3. Ranunculaceae or would a closer look show that all compact forms 4. Southern Hypoarctic Tundra (A. senjavinensis) are 2n = 54 and confined to 5. Beringian Alaska lowland settings and the more open forms (A. 6. Stony barrens, rubble slopes, and screes in the androsacea) are 2n = 36 and confined to alpine Kigluaik Mountains of western Seward Peninsula. sites? 7. Known from seven localities. IUCN = VU 9. Ls: AR. Batten, N.N. Taraskina, T: D.F. Murray, 8. Beckwithia is treated by most authors within the B.A. Yurtsev genus Ranunculus, whereby Beckwithia glacialis JO. Dawe and Murray (1981), Korobkov (1981, 1987a), becomes Ranunculus glacialis. The Alaska race, Takhtajan (1 988),Murray (1992., 1994), Lipkinand subsp. alaskensis, is disjunct from subsp. glacialis Murray (1997), Murray and Kelso (1997) for which the closest localities are in East 11. Russia Greenland. Subspecies alaskensis differs from 1. Astragalus gorodkovii Jurtz. subsp. glacialis in having brown pubescence on the 2. No synonyms. Misapplicd names: Astragalus stems. uralensis auet., A. australis auet. 9. Ls and T: D.F. Murray, R. Lipkin, and B.A. Yurtsev

17 10. Lipkin and Murray (1997), ined. 7. Known from two localities in the Lowcr and Upper 11. USA Anadyr watersheds; locally abundant. IUCN =DD 8. Intermediatc both in its morphology and ecology 1. Calamagrostis poluninii Tb. Sør. between Cassiope tetragona D. Don and C. 2. No synonyms ericoides (Pall.) D . Don; it is therefore considered a 3. Gramineae (Poaceae) taxon of hybrid origin involving these two species. 4. Soutbern and Northern Hypoarctic Tundra and 9. Ls: N.N. Taraskina, T: B.A. Yurtscv Oceanic Boreal (mostly treeless mesic meadows and 10. Yurtsev in Vinogradova and Yurtsev (1980) heaths) 11. Russia 5. West Greenland and adjacent areas 6. Dry coastal sands, stony river banks, and wind­ 1. Castilleja arctica Kryl. & Serg. subsp. exposed places. vorkutensis Rebr. 7. Known from 22 localiti.es in a ratber large area in 2. No synonyms central West Greenland. Protected in one locality, 3. Scrophulariaceae Arnangarup Qoorua (IUCN PAMC = T). IDCN = 4. Southem Hypoarctic Tundra LR(lc) 5. Ural-Novaya Zemlya 8. 2n = 56. C.W. Greene, CoHege of the Atlantic (pers. 6. Dry to mesic meadows on riverbanks and flood comm., 1997) noted tbat C. poluninii appears to be p]ains. close to C. purpurascens R. Br. var. laricina Louis- 7. Known from six localities. IUCN =LR(n t) Marie [syn. C. laricina (Louis-Marie) Louis-Marie]. 8. Western mountainous race, replaced in the arctic Variety laricina and C. poluninii could be consid­ plains of West Siberia by subsp. arctica. ered short-awned forms of C. purpurascens; var. 9. Ls and T: O.V. Rebrjstaya laricina is apparently pollen-sterile and probably 10. Rebristaya (1980) apomictic. More study might show that C. poluninii 11. Russia belongs within var. laricina. Resolution of this 1. Chrysosplenium rimosum Kom. subsp. dezhnevii question awaits further study, and, for now, C. Jurtz. poluninii is retained as a distinct species. 2. No synonyms 9. Ls: C. Bay and B. Fredskild, T: C. Bay 3. Saxifragaceae 10. Sørensen (1954), Feilberg (1984), Fredskild (1996) 4. Northem Hypoarctic Tundra 11. Greenland 5. Beringian Chukotk:a (eastemmost Chukotsk Penin- 1. Cardamine sphenophyUa Jurtz. sula) 2. No synonyms 6. Snowbed at the foot of a slope, on moist catbonate 3. Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) silty soil with sparse, dwarf-herb vegetation. 4. Northern Hypoarctic Tundra 7. Known from a very small population in a single 5. AmguemaTransition Area and Beringian Chukotka habitat at a single locality. IUCN = DD 6. Mesic and moist tundra-mcadows in lower parts and 8. 2n = 18. An arctic race of a hypoarctic Koryak at the foot of slopes and associated witb snow-rich subsp. rimosum. -areas. 9. Ls: N.N. Taraskina, T: B.A. Yurtsev 7. Known from three localities with very small popula­ 10. Taraskina (1984), Takhtajan (1988) tions. IUCN =VU 11. Russia 8. 2n =28. Belongs to the arctic-alpine section 1. Claytoniella vassilievii (Kuzen.) Jurtz. subsp. Cardaminella; related to the amphi-Beringiao C. . petrovskyi Jurtz. & M. Griczuk ined. digitata Richards. 2. Claytonia vassilievii Kuzen. p.p.; Montiastrum 9. Ls: N.N. Taraskina, T; B.A. Yurtsev. Vassilievii (Kuzen.) 0. Nilsson, p.p. 10. Yurtsev in Petrovsky (1975), Takhtajan (1988) 3. Portulacaceae 11. Russia. 4. Arctic Tundra, Northem Variant 1. Cassiope Xanadyrensis Jurtz. 5. Wrangel Island 2. No synonyms 6. Moist, eutrophic frost-boil, dwarf shrub-herb-moss 3. Ericaceae tundras on noncalcareous., clayish-gravelly aJluvia 4. Northern Hypoarctic Tundra and adjacent moun­ or deluvia along watercourses. tainous woodland areas 7. Known from three localities; occasionally abundant. 5. South Chukotka and adjacent mountainous woodland Protected in Wrangel Island State Reserve (IUCN areas PAMC = I). IUCN = VU 6. Dwarf sbrub-moss-lichen, acidophilic, montane 8. 2n = 60. C. vassilievii subsp. petrovskyi is very rubble tundras, medium-rich in snow. rarely collected with flowers.

18 9. Ls: N.N. Taraskina and V.V. Petrovsky, T: B.A. subuliformis, Flavocetraria (Cetraria) nivalis, Yurtsev Vulpicida (Cetraria) tilesii, and Ochrofechia I 0. Yurtsev (1974) frigida. 1 1. Russia 7. Known ouly from two locations within a 15-km2 area on the north-central Seward Peninsula. On the 1. Claytoniella vassilievii (Kuzen.) Jurtz. subsp. Seward Peninsula, D. heringensis is locally abun­ vassilievii dant on Paleozoi.c calcite marble outcrops, but it has 2. Kuzen., Claytonia vassilievii Montiastrum not yct been found on other carbonate fonnations vassilievii (Kuzen.) 0. Nilsson therc (Kelso et al 1994). Protected in one locality 3. Portulacaceae al Trail Creek near the northeast edge of the Be1ing 4. Northem and Southem Hypoarctic Tundra; Suboce­ Land Bridge National Preserve (IUCN PAMC = anic Stia.niks (Pinus pumila) IV). The Kokrines Hills locality has not be.en 5. South and Beringian Chukotka and adjace.ot areas mapped, as the specimen is a scrap and equivocal. of Suboceanic Stlaniks (Pinus pumila) TUCN = VU 6. Moist eutrophic, noncarbonate, forb-dwarf shrub- 8. 2n = 38. A close ally is D. arctica W. Hooker, which moss lunclras, on bare rubble-silt or among mosses. is known from the northeast corner of Alaska and Forms loose clones with creeping stcms. northern Yukon Territory (Kelso et al. 1994). 7. Known from eight localities with extremely spo­ 9. Ls: D.F. Murray, R. Lipkin, and S.S. Talbot, T: S. radic distribution; sornetimes locally abundant. It Kelso also occurs in the alpine belt of the large Stlanik 10. Kelso ( 1987, 1996), Kelso et al. (1994), Murray subzone (type locality is Mount Irguney in Rarytkyn (1994), Lipkin and Murray (1997) Range). IUCN = LR(lc) 11.USA 8. 2n = 64. A creeping herb forming fragile stolons. Relatives are Claytoniella kolymensis Jurtz. of the 1.. Draba aleutica Ekman ex HuJtén Kolyma-Okhotsk Sea divide and ClaytonieUa 2. Draba behringii Tolm. Misapplied uame: D. bostockii (Pors.) Jurtz. of Alaska and Yukon. tschuktshorum auet. non Trautv. 9. Ls: N.N. Taraskina, T: B.A. Ynrtsev 3. Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) 10. Yurtisev (1974) 4. Oceanic Boreal (mostly treeless mesic meadows 11. Russia and heaths) 5. Oceanic Inslllar, South Be1ingia l. Crepis albescens Kuv. & Demid. 6. Gravelly alpine sites, solifluction areas in the high 2. No synonyms mountains. 3 . Compositae (Asteraceae) 7. Known from six localities (Aleutianlsl.ands, Pribilof 4. Southem Hypoarctic Tundra Islands, and Commander Islands) but is probably 5. Ural-Novaya Zemlya more widespread. Protected in five localities of the 6. East-facing rubbl,e slope, Aleutian Islands subunit of Alaska Maritime National 7. Known from a single locality. IUCN DD = Wildlife Refuge (JUCN PAMC = IV); the Aleutian 8. A local race that, alternatively, may be a disjunct Islands area biosphere reserve. lUCN = LR(lc) population the Asian, arctic-alpine C. chrysantha of 8. According to Berkutenko (1978, 1983, 1985), (Ledeb.) Turcz. Tolmatchev (1975a) misapplied the name D. 9. Ls and T: O.V. Rebristaya tschuktschorum Trautv. to D. aleutica. She deter­ 10. Rebristaya (1987) mined that D. tschuktschorum is actually close to 11. Russia D. fladnizensis. 1. Douglasia beringensis S. Kelso, B.A. Jurtsev 9. Ls and T: R. Lipkin, S.S. Talbot & D.F. Murray (Fig. 6) 10. Hultén (1960, 1968), Welsh (1974), Tolmatchev 2. No synonyms (1975a), Berkutenko (1978, 1983, 1985). Rollius 3. Primulaceae (1993), Lipkin and Murray (1997) 4. Southern Hypoarctic Tundra and adjacent subarctic 11. Russia, USA alpine areas 1. Draba taimyrensis Tolm. 5. Beringian Alaska and adjacent subarctic alpine areas 2. No synonyms 6. Associated taxa are Oxytropis bryophila, 3. Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Smelowskia porsildii (S. calycina var. porsildii), Draba palanderiana, Poa glauca, Carex 4. Arctic Tundra, Northern and Southem variants; rupestris, Minuartia obtustloba, Saxifraga. Northem Hypoarctic Tundra oppositifolia and the licbens Thamnolia 5. Taimyr

19 Figure 6. Ooug/asia beringensis. This species is known from two locations of the Seward Peninsula, Alaska, and is found on calcite marble outcrops. Photograph courtesy of David F. Murray, University of Alaska, Fairbanks.

6. Gravelly and rubb]e slopes and summits, tcrraces 7. Known from 14 localities. Protected in two locali­ and floodplains, in sparse or closed vegctation of ties, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (IUCN PAMC

prostrate shrubs, lichens, and mosses. = IV). IUCN = LR(lc) 7. Known from six localities. Protected in two locali­ 8. 2n = 18. A distinctive Beringian species endemic to Lies, Great Arctic and Taimyrsky State Reserves northem Alaska, it closely resembles E.grand(fiorus

(IUCN PACM = I). IUCN = DD W.J. Hooker, E. caespitosus Nuttall, and E. 8. With features of taxa in both section Lacteae Tolm. hyperboreus E.L. Greene (Murray 1980). An early and Nivales Tolm., which suggests hybrid origin. report of E. muirii from Wrangel Island, Russia, 9. Ls and T: M. V. Sokolova (Hulten 1941-1950) has not been confirmed and is 10. Tolm.atchev (1975a) probably based on a mislabeled specimen from 11. Russia Cape Thompson, Alaska. Reports from Herschel Island, Canada, are based on more pubescent forms l . Erigeron muirii Gray (Fig. 7) of E.grandiflorus (Murray 1980), and reports from 2. Erigeron grandiflorus Hook. subsp. muirii (A. north eastern Asia (Petrovsky 1987) belong to E. Gray) Hulteé komarovii Botsch. 3. Compositae (Asteraceae) 9. Ls: C.M. McJannet, T: R. Lipkin and S.S. Talbot 4. No1thern and Southern Hypoarctic Tundra 10. Hultén (1941-1950, 1967, 1968), Wiggins and Tho­ 5. Northern and Beringian Alaska mas (1962), Welsh (1974), Murray (1980), Dawe 6. Dry, south-facing fcllfields, bluffs, terraces, alluvial and Murray (1981), Walker et al. (1987, 1989), fans, gravels, and sandstone outcrops, usually in McJannet et al. (1995), Lipkin and Murray (1997) opcn communities. 11. Canada, USA

20 Figure 7. Erigeron muirii. This distinctive Beringian species is tound in the Northern and Southern Hypoarctic Tundra of Alaska and Canada. Photograph courtesy of David F. Murray, University of Alaska, Fairbanks.

1. Gastrolychnis triflora (R.Br.) Tolm. & 1. Hedinia czukotica (Botsch. & Petrovsky) Kozhancz. subsp. wrangelica Jurtz. Jurtz., Korobk. & Balandin 2. No synonyms 2. Hediniopsis czukotica Botsch. & Petrovsky 3. Caryophyllaceae 3. Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) 4. Arctic Tundra, Northern Variant 4. Southern Hypoarctic Tundra 5. Wrangel Island 5. Continental Chukotka 6. Sparse groupings on marine terraces; Arctic takkyrs. 6. Sparse groupings at the foot of volcanic tors or on 7. Known from a single locality. Protected in Wrangel the tops of tors and on cliff ledges, with other relict Island State Reserve (IUCN PAMC = I). IUCN = xerophytic species. DD 7. Known from tbree localities; locally abundant at the 8. 2n = 72. A local race of the Canadian-Greenland, type locality. IUCN = VU facultatively halophytic G. trijlora. Related to the 8. 2n = 24. One of four presumed relict species of a amphi-Beringian arctic species, G. ostenfeldii Central-Asian genus Hedinia (Yurtsev et al. 1987) (Pors.) Petrovsky. Gastrolychnis is often treated as or, altematively, as the monotypic genus Silene or Melandrium. Hediniopsis (Botschantsev and Petrovsky 1986). 9. Ls and T: B .A. Yurtsev The Central Asian biennial (or short-lived perennial) 10. Yurtsev and Petrovsky (1994) ancestor of this species is presumed to have ap­ 11. Russia peared during a cryo-arid interval of Late

21 Pleistocene under tundra-steppe environments 4. Southem Hypoarctic Tundra and adjacent subarctic (Yurtsev et aJ, l987) . woodland areas 9. Ls: T.M . Koroleva, N.N. Taraskina, T: B.A. Yurtsev 5. West Hudsonian and adjacent subarctic woodland 1 O. Botschantsev and Petrovsky (1986), Yurtsev el al. areas (1987) 6. Dry grasslands to alpine ridges 11. Russia 7. Known from eight locations: Manitoba (Churchill) and Ontario (W James Bay-Hudson Bay N lo l . Hierochloe wrangelica Jurtz. & Probat. approx1mately 56°30'N), and islands of James Bay­ 2. No synonyms Hudson Bay (South Twin Island, Akimiski Island, 3. Gramineae (Poaceae) and Long Tsland). Protected in two localities, Cape 4, Arctic Tundra, Northem Variant Churchill Wildlife Management Area (IUCN PAMC 5. Wrangel lsland = IV) and Polar Bear Provinc ial Park (IUCN 6. Zoogenic, dry-grassy meadows at the foot of soutb­ PAMC = l). fUCN = LR(nt) faciug shale slopes of tors or on summits of low, flat 8. Mosquin (1971) stated that the principal distinguish­ hills . ing features of subsp. lepagei occur in the struc­ 7. Known from five very small populations at a single ture of the flower (stigma tips that are either the locality; mostly rhiz.omatous clones, but locally same height as or slightly below the anther tips) dominant. Protected in Wrangcl Island State Re­ and the size of the fruit (smalter tban in most plants serve (l UCN PAMC = 1). lUCN = OD of the subsp. lewisii). 8. Closely related to the South-Siberian-Mongolian H. 9. Ls and T: G.W. A rgus, C.M. McJannet, and S.S. glabra Trin. of hemi-halophytic or steppe dry­ Talbot meadows, presumably a relict of cryo-arid intervals 10. Boivin (1966), Mosguin (1971), Scoggan (1978- of Late Pleistocene. 1979), McJannet et al. (1995) 9. Ls and T: B.A. Yurtsev 11. Canada 10. Yurtsev (1989), Yurtsev et al. (1989a) 11. Russia 1. Mertensia drummondii (Lehm.) D. Don. (Fig. 8) 2. Mertensia sibirica var. drummondii (Lehm .) A. 1. XLedodendron vanlweffeni (Abromeit) Dalgaard Gray; Mertensia lanceolata var. drummondii & Fredskild (Lehm.) Boivin; Lithospermum drummondii 2. Rhododendron. vanhoeffeni Abromeit Lehman 3. Ericaceae 3. Boraginaceae 4. Arctic Tundra, Northem Variant; Northern and 4. Northern and Southern Hypoarctic Tundra Southern Hypoarctic Tundra 5. Northern Alaska, Cenn·a l Canada, and adjacent 5. West Greenland areas 6. Mossy dwarf-shrub heath dominated by Vaccinium 6. Sand dunes and blowouts near rivers, sand banks, uliginosum subsp. microphyllum, Salix glauca, and and ggravel heaches near the coast. Sparsely veg- Betula nana. etated dry herbaceous and shrub communities. Tn 7. K.nown from nine localities in central West AJaska found only on Pleistocene sand deposits. Greenland. IUCN = LR(nt) Associates are Astragalus alpinus, Bromus 8. XLedodendron vanhoejfeni is thought to be a ge­ pumpellianus, Polemonium boreale, Rumex neric hyb1id between Ledum palustre subsp. graminifolius, Senecio hyperborealis, and decumbens and Rhododendron lapponicum. Chro­ Tanacetum bipinnatum. mosome counts are not yet available. In comparison 7. Known from nine localities; four widely separated to the two parent species, XL. vanhoeffeni is dis­ areas in arctic Alaska and five in Canada. The two tinctly earlier flowering. Tts tlowers are pinkish major areas in Alaska are along one stretch of less white to pink with ten stamens; Rhododendron bas than 55 km along the Meade River near Atqasuk five stamens and Ledum has ten. (south of Barrow) and approximately 250 km east 9. Ls and T: C. Bay on the Kogosukruk near Umiat. Five sitcs are in 10. Dalgaard and Fredskild ( 1993) Canada's District of Mackenzie (Victoria lsland and 11 . Greenl and Union and Dolphin Strait). Several Alaskan si tes are 1. Linum lewisii Pnrsh subsp. lepagei (Boivin) within the National Petroleum Reserve, Alaska Mosquin (NPR-A), managed by the Bureau of Land Manage­ 2. Linum perenne L. var. lewisii (Pursh) Eat. & menL IUCN = LR(ot) Wrightn f. lepagei (Boivin) Lepagc 8. This plant is unlike othcr species of Mertensia in 3. Linaceae Alaska but similar to M. lanceolata (Pursh)

22 Figure 8. Mertensia drummondii. This species occurs on sandy sites in the Northern and Southern Hypoarctic Tundra of Alaska and Canada. Photograph courtesy of Jo Overholt, Image Alaska, Anchorage.

Candolle and M. viridis A. Nelson of the southern subspecies of the latter, tilling the gap between the Rocky Mountains (Murray and Lipkin 1987). geographic ranges of 0. sordida subsp. 9. Ls: G.W. Argus, R. Lipkin, and C.M. McJannet; T: schamurinii Jurtz. and 0. sordida subsp. S.S. Talbot barnebyana (Welsh) Jurtz. 10. Williams (1940), Porsild (1964), Hulten (1968), 9. Ls: N.N. Taraskina, T: B.A. Yurtsev Welsh (1974), Scoggan (1978-1979), Cody (1979), 10. Yurtsev ( 1986b), Yurtsev et al. ( 1994) Komarkova and Webber (1980), Porsild and Cody 11. Russia (1980), Cody et a1. (1992), Murray (J 992), l. Oxytropis deflexa (Pall.) DC. subsp. dezhnevii McJannet et al. (1995), Lipkin and Murray (1997) (Jurtz.) Jurtz. 11. Canada, USA 2. Oxytropis deflexa (Pall.) DC. var. dezhnevii Jurtz. 1. Oxytropis beringensis Jurtz. 3. Leguminosac (Fabaceae) 2. No synonyms 4. No1them Hypoarctic Tundra 3. Leguminosae (Fabaceae) 5. Beringian Chukotka (easternmost Chukotsk Penin­ 4. No1thern Hypoarctic Tundra sula) 5. Beringian Chukotka 6. Frost scar, forb-sedge-dryas calciphyte tundras on 6. Dry forb-sedge-dwarf shrub, rubble tundras on south-facing rubble-silty slopes; disturbed sites on calcareous eluvium and deluvium. carbonate-rich sandy tenaces. 7. Known from two localities where the species is 7. Known from five localities. IUCN = LR(nt) locally abundant. IUCN = LR(nt) 8. 2n = 16. Yurtsev (1986b) regarded this taxon as 8. 2n = 96. Calcicolous species with dose affinities to close to the North American hypoarctic 0. deflexa 0. sordida (Willd.) Pers.; it could be treated as a subsp. foliolosa (Hook.) Barneby. Welsh, Brigham

23 Young University (pers. comm., 1996) considers 7. Known from four localities; northemmost spur of this taxon as a minor variant and places it within K.harau}akh Mountains. Protectcd in two localitics, subsp. foliolosa. Lena Delta State Reserve (IUCN PAMC = 1). 9. Ls: N.N. Taraskina, T: B.A. Yurtsev, and S.S. Talbot IUCN = LR(nt) 10. Dawe and Murray (1981), Yurtsev (1986b) 8. Yurtsev (unpublished data, 1996) has pointed out 11. Russia resemblances of subsp. bamebyana to subsp. sordida (Taimyr Peninsula), subsp. arctolenensis J. Oxytropis kateninii Jurtz. Jurtz. and subsp. schamurinii Jurtz. (Wrangcl 2. No synonyms Island; sce Oxytropis beringensis). 3. Leguminosae (Fabaccae) 9, Ls: T.M. Koroleva, T: B.A. Yurtsev 4. Northern Hypoarctic Tundra 10. Yurtsev (1986b) 5. Be1ingian Chukotka ll . Russia 6. Meadow-tundra on a northeast-facing slope, ricb :in winter snow. l. Oxytropis sordida (Willd.) Pers. subsp. 7. Known from a single locality. IUCN = DD barnebyana (Welsb) Jurtz. 8. Allied to the Northeast Siberian O. vasskovskyi 2. Oxytropis arctica R. Br. var. barnebyana Welsh Jurtz, of westernmost Chukotka and to 0 . viscida 3. Lcguminosac (Fabaceae) Nutt. of North Amcrica. 4. Southem Hypoarctic Tundra 9. Ls: N.N. Taraskina, T: B.A. Yurtsev 5. Beringian Alaska 10. Yurtsev (1986b) 6. Sandy or gravelly terraces, ridges and roadsides; 11. Russia Salix healh and meadows. 7. Known from seven 1ocalities in the vicinity of 1. Oxytropis putoranica M. Ivanova Kotzebue and neighboring areas of northwest 2. Oxytropis norinii Yu. Kozbevn Alaska. Associates are Artemisia tilesii; 3. Leguminosae (Fabaceae) Arctagrostis latifolia, Papaver Zapponicum. 4. Arctic Tundra, South.em Variant and subarctic Epilobium (Chamerion or Chamaenerion) alpine adjacent areas latifolium, Salix alaxensis, S. glauca, Lathyrus 5. Taimyr and subarctic alpine adjacent areas maritimus, Astragalus alpinus, Braya 6. Dry rubble tundras on windswept crests and ex­ purpurascens, Festuca rubra, Oxytropis posedupper slopes of low mountains and h ills; maydelliana, 0 . koyukukensis, Cnidium prefers carbonatc and basaltic rocks. cnidiifolium, Poa glauca, and Chrysanthemum 7. Known from five localitics; locally abundant, (Tanacetum) bipinnatum. IUCN = LR(nt) common to both the Arctic Byrranga Mountains and 8. Subsp. barnebyana is a tall, erect oxytropc with the Subarctic Putorana Plateau. Protected in one large white flowers fonn ing a compact inflorcs­ locality, Taimyrsky State Reserve (IUCN PAMC = cence. There remains some guestion as to the I). IUCN =LR(nt) c ircumscription of this taxon. Narrowly defincd 8. 2n = 16. 0. putoranica belongs to the subsection subsp. barnebyana inc]ndes only thosc populations Un(florae Jurtz. of the section Baicalia Bunge, in and around Kotzebne, the type locality. At anthe­ providing the link between the most specialized sis it is readily distinguishablefrom the bluc- flow­ pulvinate O. unijlora and 0. oligantha Bunge of ered 0. koyukukensis A.E. Porsild (a segrcgate the Central Asian subsection Chionobiae of 0. arctica), but in fruit the two are indistinguish­ (Schischk.) Jurtz. able. Although specimens from areas to the north­ 9. Ls: M.V. Sokolova and N.N. Taraskina, T; B.A. east at Prudhoe Bay (Kupa.ruk River) are included Yurtsev by some in subsp. barnebyana, others are reluctant 10. Yurtsev (1986b, 1988a) to accept this taxooomy without further analysis, 11. Russia and this Jocality has not been mapped. Welsh, Brigham Young University (pers. comm., 1. Oxytropis sordida (Willd.) Pers. subsp. 1996) noted that flower size, pilose stipules, and arctolenensis Jurtz. calyx features indicate an alliance of subsp. 2. No synonyms barnebyana with the sympatric 0. arctica, and the 3. Leguminosae (Fabaceae) combinalion 0. arctica var. barnebyana is the one 4. North.em Hypoarctic Tundra he originally proposed. A taxonomic ali grnnent of 5, Easternmost Anabar-Olenek and Kharaulak:h subsp. barnebyana and related taxa, therefote, 6. Mcsic, forb-dwarf shrub-moss meadow tundras of requires a clearer statement of relationships among slopes and terraces; oo shale and sandstone colluvium. 0. arctica, 0. campestris, and 0 . sordida.

24 .9. Ls: R. Lipkin, T: S.S. Talbot and B.A. Yurtsev with other relic continental species of legumes such 10. Welsh(1967, 1968, 1974), Yuttsev(1986b ),M urray as Hedysarum dasycarpum Turcz., Astragalus andLipkin (1987), Murray (1994), Lipkin and pseudodsurgens Jurtz., and A. tugarin.ovii N. Murray ( 1997), Moran (1997) Basil. 11. USA 7. Known only from a single locality in the centra1 in­ tem1ontaoe depression ofWra ngel Island where it is 1. Oxytropis syerdrupii Lynge locally abundant. Protected in Wrangel lsland State 2. No synonyms Reserve (IUCN PAMC = I). IUCN = DD 3. Leguminosae (Fabaceae) 8. 2n = 16. A t1ue pulvinate plant, closely rclated to 4. Northern Rypoarctic Tundra the Middle Siberian 0. putoranica M. lvanova (see 5. Continental Chukotka abovc) and constituting with it a separate subsection 6. y forb-dryas tundras, margins cryophyte­ Dr of Uniflorae Jurtz" of section Baicalia Bunge. The sleppes, and dry slopes high sandy terraces of arrival of the presumed ancestral type (0. 7. K.nown from two localities where it is locally abun­ putoranica) from the Taimyr Peninsula to WrangeJ dant (Ayon Island). IUCN = LR(nt) Island could have occurred via the exposed polar 8. 2n = 48. A cryoxcropbilous species of the subsec­ shelf during a cryo-arid interval of the Late Plcis­ lion Inaequiseptatae of section Baicalia, providing tocene. a presumed link between the hypoarctic steppe 9. Ls: N.N. Taraskina, T: B.A. Yurtsev taxon, O. schmorgunoviae Jurtz. (see Appendix I), 10. Yurtsev (1988a) and the arctic 0 . wrangelii Jmtz. (see below) 11. Russia 9. Ls: T.M . Koroleva, T: B.A. Yurtsev 10. Yurtscv (1986b) 1. Oxytropis uschakovii Jurtz. 11. Russia 2. No synonyms. Misapplied names: Oxytropis adamsiana auet. 1. Oxytropis tichomirovii .Jurtz. 3. Leguminosae (Fabaceae) 2. No synonym. Misapplied names: Oxytropis arctica 4. Arctic Tundra, Northern Variant auct. non R. B. 5. Wrangel Island 3. Leguminosae (Fabac.eae) 6. Dry forb-sedge-prostrate shrub-lichen tundras and 4. Arctic Tundra, Northem and Southem variants; forb-sedge cryophyte sleppes on south-facing slopes Hypoarctic ndra Northern Tu and dry graveli y tloodplains. 5. Taimyr 7. Known from 10 localities; locally abundant. Pro­ 6. Dry to mesic forb-dwarf shrub, forb-sedge-dwarf tected in Wrangel Island Stale Reserve (IUCN shrub-moss tundras and meadow tundras, gravelly PAMC = I). IUCN = LR(1c) floodplains, rubble and stony slopes and mountain 8. 2n = 48. Related to the Oxytropis adamsiana Ju11z. summits, sandy b.ills; usualJy protected by suow in group. winter. 9. Ls: N.N. Taraskina, T: B.A. Yurtsev 7. Known from localities; southward barely reach­ 22 10. Yurtsev ( l986b) ing the northcmmost Putorana Plateau. Protectcd in 11. Russia two localities, Great Arctic State Reserve (lUCN PAMC = I). lUCN = LR(lc) 1. Oxytropis wrangelii Jurtz. (Fig. 9) 8. 2n = 16. A presumed intcrsectional hybrid between 2. No synonyms. Misapplied nam.es: Oxytropis bellii 0. nigrescens (Pall.) Fisch. from the section auct, 0. sverdrupii auet. Arctobia Bunge and 0. arctica R. Br. subsp. 3. Leguminosae (Fabaceae) taimyrensis Jurtz. from the sectioh Orobia Bunge. 4. Arctic Tundra, Northem Variant; Northern 9. Ls: M.V. Sokolova, T: M.V. Sokolova and B.A. Hypoarctic Tuneira Yurtsev 5. Wrangel Island, Amguema Transition Area, and 10. Yurtsev (1986b) Continental and Beringian Chukotka 11. Russia 6. Dry to mesic forb-prostrate shrub-lichcn (-moss) lundras, tundra-steppe and forb-scdge cryophyte 1. Oxytropis uniflora. Jurtz. sleppes on mountain slopes (up to 400 m), well­ 2. No synonyms drained terraces, and floodplains. 3. Leguminosae (Fabaceae) 7. Known from 14 localities; common in western and 4. Arctic Tundra, Northem Variant central parts of Wrange] Tslaud and a local dominant 5. Wrangel Island 6. Dryas-forb su·ipe vegctation of fellfields on upper on some sites; rare (four localities) on Chukotk:a third of south-facing mbble slopcs of carbonate Pcninsula. Protected in 10 localities, Wrangel Island shalc and sandstone on two adjacent hills. Grows State Reserve (IUCN PAMC = I). IUCN = LR(k )

25 Figure 9. Oxytropis wrange/ii. This oxytrope occurs on Wrangel Island and Beringian Chukotka, Russia. Photograph courtesy of Boris A. Yurtsev, Komarov Botanical Institute, St. Petersburg.

8. 2n = 64. An octoploid species of subsection 8. 2n = 56. Related to the arctic mountain species P. lnaequiseptatae Jurtz. of the steppe section paucistaminum Tolm. and Petrovsky. Baicalia Bunge. 9. Ls: T.M. Koroleva and N.N. Taraskina, T: V.V. 9. Ls: N.N. Taraskina, T: B.A. Yurtsev Petrovsky 10. Yutrtsev (1986b) 10. Petrovsky (1983a) 11. Russia 11. Russia 1. Papaver atrovirens Petrovsky 1. Papaver calcareum Petrovsky 2. No synonyms 2. No synonyms 3. Papaveraceae 3. Papaveraceae 4. Arctic Tundra, Northem Variant; Northern 4. Arctic Tundra, Northern Variant; Northern Hypoarctic Tundra Hypoarctic Tundra 5. Wrangel lsland and Continental Chukotka 5. Wrangel Island 6. Restricted to carbonate soils in frost-boil tundras. 6. Restricted to dry limestone screes and rubble 7. Known from five Jocalities. Protected in four locali­ summits. ties, Wrangel Island State Reserve (IUCN PAMC 7. Known from se ven localities. Protected in all = I). IUCN = LR(nt) localities, Wrangel Island State Reserve (IUCN PAMC =I). IUCN =LR(lc)

26 8. 2n = 70. Belongs to the P. radicatum complex. 6. Restricted to dry meadows on rubble slopes. 9. Ls: T.M. Koroleva and N.N. Taraskina, T: V.V. 7. Known from six Jocalities. Protected in all locali­ Petrovsky ties, WrangeJ Island State Reserve (IUCN PAMC = 10. Petrovsky (1983a) I). lUCN =LR(nt) 11. Russia 8. 2n = 42. Local insular race of P nudicaule L. 9. Ls: T.M. Koroleva and N.N. Taraskina, T: V.V. 1. Papaver chionophilum Pe.trovsky Petrovsky. 2. No synonyms 10. Petrovsk:y (1983a) 3. Papaveraceae 11. Russia 4. Arctic Tundra, No1tbem Varianl 5. Wrangel Tsland 1. Papaver ushakovii Tolm. & Petrovsky 6. Calciphyte; restricted to snowbeds. 2. No synonyms 7. Known from eight localities. Protected in all locaTi­ 3. Papaveraceae ties, Wrangel Island State Reserve (TUCN PAMC =· 4. Arctic Tundra, Northem Variant l). IUCN = LR(k) 5. Wrangel Island 8. 2n = 56 6. Restricted to rubble or gravel-clayish sites in tundra. 9. Ls: T.M. Koroleva, N.N. Taraskina, T: V.V. 7. Known from seven localities; locally abundant. Petrovsky Protected in all localities, Wrangel Island State 10. Petrovsky (J 983a) Reserve (IUCN PAMC = I). IUCN =LR(lc) 11. Russia 8. 2n = 56. Belongs to lhe P. radicatum complex. 9. Ls: T.M. Koroleva and N.N. Taraskina, T: V.V. 1. Papaver leucotrichum Tolm. Petrovsky 2. No synonyms 10. Tolmatchev (1.975b) 3. Papaveraceae 11. Russia 4. Northern Hypoarctic Tundra 1. Plantago canescens Adams subsp. jurtzevii 5. Kharaulakh Tzvel. 6. Petrophyte restricted to moist, carbonate, stony­ 2. No synonyms. Misapplied name: Plantago septata clayish barrens at elevations 700-1000 m in the auet. non Morris. mountains of Arctic East Siberia. 3. Plantaginaceae 7. Known from a single locality where it is abundant 4. Northern Hypoarctic Tundra IUCN = LR(ut) 5. Continental Chukotka 8. Allied_to P. pulvinatum Tolm. from Arctic Siberia. 6. Dry meadow and steppe on south-facing slope of a 9. Ls and T: V.V, Petrovsky high sandy terrace. 10. Tolmatchev (1975b) 7. Known from a single locality where it occurs in a 11. Russia regional nature monument, Big Rautan Island in 1. Papaver multiradiatum Petrovsky Chaun Bay; locally abundant (propagation by 2. No synonyms sprouts). IUCN = DD 3. Papav eraceae 8. One of six races of the northeast Siberian-no1ihwest 4. Arctic Tundra, Northern Variant American xerocontinental species P. canescens; the 5. Wrangellsland closest localities of related taxa are the Yana River 6. Petrophyte restricted to warm, noncalcareous scree drainage for subsp. canescens and western Alaska slopes. for subsp. septata (Morris) Tzvel. A presumed relict 7. Known from eight localities; locally abundant. of the cryo-arid intervals of Late Pleistocene, which Protected in all localities, Wrangel Island State spread via the exposed continental shelf. Reserve (IUCN PAMC = I). lUCN = LR{lc) 9. Ls: N;N. Taraskina, T: B.A. Yurtsev 8. 2n = 42. Belongs to the P radicatum complex 10. Yurtsev (1981 ), Tsvelev (1983) 9. Ls: T.M. Koroleva and N.N. Taraskina, T: V.V. 11. Russia Petrovsky 1. Poa hartzii R. Br. subsp. alaskana R.J. Soreng 10. Petrovsky (1983a) 2. No synonyms 11. Russia 3. Gramineae (Poaceae) 1. Papaver nudicaule L . .subsp. insulare Petrovsky 4. Arctic Tundra, Southero Variant; Northem and 2. No synonyms Southern Hypoarctic Tundra 3. Papaveraceae 5. Northem Alaska 4. Arctic Tundra, Northern Variant 6. Sparsely vegetated riparian sands and gravels of 5. Wrangel Island acti ve floodplain, especially point bar deposits.

27 7. Known from five localities on the Alas.kan Arctic 10. Christensen (1938), Hultén (1960, 1968), Welsh Slopc; Meade River ( coastal plain) and Lake Peters (1974), Wagner (l979), Smith (1985), Lellinger (eastern Brooks Range). Protccted in one locality of (1987), Murray and Lipkin (1987), Flora of North the Arctic National Wildlife. Refuge (IUCN PAMC = America Editotial Committee (1993t Talbot et al. IV). Occurs in the National Petroleum Reserve- (1995), Lipkin and Murray ( 1997) Alaska, which is managed by the Bureau of Land 11. USA Management. IUCN = LR(nt) 1. Potentilla anjuica Petrovsky 8. A Low Arctic race of the High Arctic facultativc 2. No synonym. Misapplied name: Potentilla crantzii halophytic P. hartzii; var. hartzii is found on auet. Wrangel lsland in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, 3. Rosaceae Greenland, and central Svalbard. 4. Northern and Southern Hypoarctic Tundra and 9. Ls and T: R. Lipkin adjacent 1,ubarctic woodland arcas 10. Soreng (1991), Lipkin and Murray (1997) 5. Continental Chukotka and adjacent areas I 1. USA. 6. Floodplain gravels and terraces, less frequently on l. Polystichum aleuticum C. Cb1·istensen south-facing slopes of Jow mouutains;. usually on 2. Polystichum Iachenense (Hook.) Bedd. unvegetated sites. 3. Aspidiaceae (Dryopteridaceae) 7. Known fro1n seven neighboring localities of north­ 4. Oceanic Boreal (mostly tree]ess mesic rneadows and ern Anyui Upland in western Chukotka; locally heaths) abundant. IUCN =LR(nt) 5. Oceanic Insular, South Beringia 8. 2n =42. A p.cesumed intcrscctional hybrid. possibly 6. Moist grottos and crevices in rock outcrops and a co mbination of Potentilla Xrubella Th. Sørens. adjaeent meadows beJow mountain summits. and P. arenosa (Turcz.) Juz. Associales are Carex macrochaeta, Cystopteris 9. Ls: T.M. Koroleva, T: T.M. Koroleva, V.V. fragilis, Acomastylis rossii, Saxifraga Petrovsky; and B.A. Yurtscv unalaschensis, Tofieldia coccinea, and Veronica 10. Petrovsky (1983b), Yurtsev (1984) stelle ri. 11. Rnssia 7, Known only from three populations on Mount Reed 1. Potentilla Xarctoalaskensis Jurtz. on Adak Island of tbe central Aleutian Islands, 2. No synonyms Alaska; Endangered (U.S. Departmen t of the 3. Rosaceae lnterior 1988). Protected in all loca]ities, Aleutian 4. Southem Hypoarclic Tundra Island Unit of the Alaska Maritime National Wild­ 5. Beringian_Alaska life Refuge (TUCN PAMC =TV); the Aleutian 6. Floodplain gravels and mine tailings (collected witb Islands are a biospbere reserve. lUCN = EN P. litoralis Rydb.). 8. The species was first collected on Atka Island in 7. Based on two specimens from a single locality on 1932, but recent attempts to relocate it have heen the Seward Peninsula. Its taxonomic status is unsuccessful. This small tufted fem is cmly about 15 uncerlain. Protected in Bering Land Bridge National cm tall. Tts fronds a1ise from a stout rhizome with Preserve (IUCN PAMC = IV). IUCN = DD numerous chestnut-brown remains of stipe bases. 8. The plant appears to combine the characteristics- of The dark green to olive-green fronds taper gradt1ally P. arenasa (Turcz.) Jur. of section Niveae Rydb. above and below the middle. Tbe smaJl overlapping and P. litoralis Rydb. (P. virgulata Nels.) of section pinnae can have the small auricle at the base and Tanacetifoliae (Th. Wolf) Jurz., hence it is presum ed spiny bristle-tippcd tccth on the margins. Straw­ to be of hybrid origin. colored scales up to 3 mm long are found on all 9. Ls and T: B.A. Yurtsev parts of the plant, bot thcy can be less evident late in 10. Yurtscv (1993) the season. These fearures distinguish P. aleuticum 11. USA from all other ferns in the Alcutian Islands. ln a receht llpdate to his fern manual, Lellinger 1. Potentilla beringensis Jurtz. (1987) contendcd that P. aleuticum was conspecific 2. No synonyms with P. lachenense of Asia, although no evidence 3. Rosaceae was cited to support this conclusion. P. Iachenense 4. Northern Hypoarctic Tundra is from the Himalayas, Taiwan, and Japan. P. 5. Be1ingian Chukotka sinense Christensen from Cbina may also be related 6. Dry wind-swept cdges of 10-m marine ten:ace (two to P. aleuticum (Hultén 1968). micropopulations) anda sandy beach ridge (one 9. Ls and T: S.S. Talhot micropopulation) at margin of a Leymus villosissimus dry meadow.

28 7. Known from a single locality on the eastemmost 7. Represented by few individuals at cach of the two Chukotka Peninsula; all three micropopulations are localities. IUCN .= DD do se to the settlement of Lavrentiya. The site of the 8. A presumed hybrid of an intersectional cross be­ type collection seems to have been already de­ tween P. anachoretica Soják and P. subvahliana stroyed; the second site is situatcd witbin the cem­ Jurtz. ctery, and the third is a favorite picnic area of local 9. Ls: N.N. Taraskina, T; B.A. Yurtsev. pcoplc. IUCN =DD 10. Yurtsev (1984) 8. '2n =28. Closely relatcd to P. wrangelii Petrovsky 11. Russia (see below). Possibly originated from intersectional 1. Potentilla murrayi Jurtz. crosses beLween P. anachoretica Soják (section 2. No synonyms Multifidae) and scction Aureae. 3. Rosaceae 9. Ls: N.N. Taraskina, T: B.A. Yurtsev 4. Southem Hypoarctic Tundra I 0. Yurtsev (1984 ), Takhtajan (1988) 5. Beringian and Northem Alaska 11. Russia 6. Limestone screes and tors. 1. Potentilla brooksensis Jurtz. 7. Known from Lwo localities. Protected in two locali­ 2. No synonyrns ties, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge and Bering 3. Rosaceae Land Bridge National Preserve (lUCN PAMC = 4 . Soutbern Hypoarctic Tundra TV). TUCN =VU 5. Northern Alaska 8. Presumably of hybrid origin as it combines the 6. Habitat is unknown (was not recorded). characteristics of P. subvahliana ] urtz. of section 7. Known from a single specimen from the -eastcn1 Niveae and P. anachoretica Soják. of section Brooks Range. Protected in the Arctic National Multifidae Rydb. Wildlife Refuge (IUCN PAMC = lV). lUCN = DO 9. Ls and T: B.A. Yurtsev 8. A rninor race of P. pensylvanica L. of the section 10. Yurtsev (1993) Tanacetifoliae (Th. Wolf) Juz. 11. USA 9. Ls and T: B.A. Yurtsev 1. Potentilla tschaunensis Juz. ex Jurtz. 10. Yurtsev ( I 993) 2. No. synonyms. Misapplied names: P. petrovskyi 11. USA auet. non Soják, quoad typ. 1. Potentilla czegitunica Jurtz. 3. Rosaceae 2. No synonyms 4. Northcm and Southem Hypoarctic Tundra, Suboce­ 3. Rosaceae anic Stlaniks (Pinus pumila), and adjacent subarctic 4 . Northern Hypoarctic Tundra alpine areas 5. Beringian Chukotka 5. Continental Chukotka and adjacent areas 6. Dry calcareous meadows on cliffs. 6. Herbaceous dry mcadows on cliffs. 7. Known from a single local:ity in the Chegitun Ri ver 7. Known from six localitics where it is sometimes canyon near its confluence with its tributaries, the loeally abundant. lUCN = LR(nt) Putukuneiveyem and Gunguveyem; essentially one 8. 2n =28 , 56. A presumed hybrid taxon from a cross locality extending several square kilometers and between P. anachoretica and P. nivea L. scnsu Juz. including canyons of the tributaries; Jocally abundant. 9. Ls: N.N. Taraskina, T: B.A. Yunsev IUCN = DD 10.Yurtsev (1984) 8. Presumably of hybrid origin from a cross between 11. Russia, USA (Yurtsev observed a similar plant at section Niveae and MuLtifidae, the Multifidae Eldorado Creek, north-central Seward Peninsula, component being P. anachoretica. needs further study). 9. Ls: N.N. Taraskina, T: B.A. Yu1tsev 1. Potentilla uschakovii Jurtz. 10. Tolmatchev and Yurtsev (1960-1987) 2 No synonyms 11. Russia 3. Rosace ae J . Potentilla dezhnevii Jurtz. 4. Arctic Tundra, Northem Variant 2. No synonyms 5. Wrangel Island 3. Rosaceae 6. Sparse grass-forb halophytic and calciphytic vegeta­ 4. Northem Hypoarctic Tundra tion on the margin of a dry silty-gravcl proluvial 5. Beringim1 Chukotka terrace. 6. Dry calcareous meadows on cliffs in two neigbbor­ 7. Known from a single habitat at a single locality in ing canyons. the upper rcachcs of Somnitclnaya River, Wrangel

29 Island. Protected in Wrangcl Island State Reserve 5. Taimyr (IUCN PAMC = I). lUCN = DD 6. Dry, sandy to stony, slopes and terraces. 8. Apparently of hybrid origin (P. pulchella R. Br. x P. 7. Known from seven localities. Protected in two subvahliana Jurtz.), with only ternate leaves. localities, Great Arctic National Reserve (IUCN 9. Ls: N.N. Taraskina, T: B.A. Ymtsev PAMC = T). TUCN = LR(Jc) 10. Yurtsev (1988b), Yurtsev et al. (1989a) 8. Related to P. tenuijlora (Griseb.) Scribn. & Merr. 11. Russia 9. Ls and T: M.V. Sokolova 10. Tsvelev (1964), Buhnova (1990) I. Potentilla wrangelii Petrovsky 11. Russia 2. No synonyms 3. Rosaceae 1. Puccinellia jenissejensis (Roshev.) Tzvel. 4. Arctic Tundra, Northern Variant 2. Atropis jenisseiensis Roshev. 5. Wrangel Island 3. Gramineae (Poaceae) 6. Herbaceous mesic to xeric tunclra meadows on 4. Arctic Tundra, Northern and Southern variants; slopes or, more rarely, on elevated floodplains. Northem Hypoarctic Tundra 7. Known from seven microsites at a single locality on 5. Taimyr Wrangel Island. Protected in Wrangel lsland State 6. Unvegetated riparian slopes on loose sedimcnts. Reserve (TUCN PAMC = T). IUCN = DD 7. Known from three localities. lUCN = VU 8. Closely related to P. beringensis Jurtz. Presumably 8. Rc1atcd to P. wrightii (Scribn. & Merr.) Tzvel. and of hybrid origin from an i ntersectional cross be­ P. angustata (R. Br.) Rand. & Rcdf. tween Multifidae X Aureae, the Multifidae 9. Ls and T: M.V. Sokolova component most probably was P. anachoretica 10. Bubnova (1990) Soják. 11. Russia 9. Ls: N.N. Taraskina, T: B.A. Yurtsev l . Puccinellia poacea Th. Sør. 10. Petrovsky (1977), Yurtsev (1984), Yurtsev et al. 2. No synonyms (I989a) 3. Gramineae (Poaceae) 11. Russia 4. Arctic Tundra, No1thern Variant; Southern I. Puccinellia byrrangensis Tzvel. Hypoarcti.c Tundra 2. Phippsia vahliana (Liebm.) Å. Löve & D . Löve 5. Ellesmere-Notth Greenland and Central Canada subsp. byrrangensis (Tzvel.) Á. Löve & D. Löve. 6. In shalJow depressiom; with salt accumu)ations on Misapplied names: Puccinellia vahliana auet. river banks, floodplains, terraces, and tidal flats. 3. Gramineae (Poaceae) 7. Known from about 12 localities. Protected in one 4. Northem Hypoarctic Tundra; Arctic Tundra, North­ loca]ity, Ellesmere Island National Park (IUCN em and Southern variants PAMC = TI). TUCN = LR(lc) 5. Taimyr 8. High Arctic continental halophyte. 6. Frost boil and hummock, dwarf-shrub tundras on 9. Ls and T: G.W. Argus, C.M. Mc.Tannet, and B .A. peat-clayish and calcareous soils on gently sloping Yurtsev hillsides andmountains. 10. Sørensen (1953), Sørensen in Porsild (1964). 7. Koown from 11 localities. Protected in three locali­ Scoggan (1978-1979), McJannet et al. (1995) ties, Great Atctic and Taimyrsky State Reserves 11. Canada (IUCN PAMC =I). IUCN = LR(Jc) 1 . Puccinellia rosenkrantzii Th. Sør. 8. A possibJe link between a circumpolar group of 2. No synonyms species including the ampbi-At)antic P. vahliana 3. Gramineae (Poaeeae) (Liebm.) Scribn. & Merr., the Chukotkan P. 4. Arctic Tundra, Southern Variant; Norlhem colpodioides Tzvel., and the amphi-Beringian P. Hypoarctic Tundra wrightii (Scribn. & Merr.) Tzvel. 5. West Greenland 9. Ls: M. V. Sokolova, T: M. V. Sokolova and B.A. 6. On day washed out of mud volcanos. Yurtsev 7. Known from fourlocalities within a very limited 10. Bubnova (1990) area in central West Greenland. IUCN =VU 11. Russia 8. 2n=56 I. Puccinellia gorodkovii Tzvel. 9. Ls: C. Bay and B. Fredskild, T: C. Bay 2. No synonyms 10. Sørensen (1953), Fredskild (1996) 3. Gram1neae Woaceae) 11. Greenland 4. Arctic Tundra, Northem and Southem variants; Northern Hypoarctic Tundra

30 l. Puccinellia svalbardensis Rønning 7. Known from an extensive population at a single 2. No synonyms locality. Located in a plant protcction area. TUCN = 3. Gramineae (Poaceae) vu. 4. Arctic Tundra, Southem Variant 8. An apomict of the R. auricomus complex. New in­ 5. Svalbard fonnation indicates that lhis taxon isa likely candi­ 6. Dry silty substrate near seashores. date for inclusion in the annotatedlist pending 7. Known from two localities. Not protected but the further evaluation. western locaHty is within Kongsfjorden Bird Sanc- 9. Ls and T: A. Elvebak.k tuary whcre it was reportcd as being nwnerous; 10. Nathorst (1883), Elven and Elvcbakk ( 1996) the site has not been revisited lately. TUCN = VU 11. Norway 8. 2n = 42. This species has been included within P. I . Roegneria nepliana V. Vassil. tenella in Flora Europaea by Hughes and Halliday 2. Elymus neplianus (V. Vassil.) Czer., E. macrourus (1980). (Turcz.) Tzvel. subsp. neplianus (V. Vassil.) Tzvel. 9. Ls and T A. El vebakk 3. Grami.neae (Poaceae) 10. Rønning (1962, 1972), Hughes and Halli

31 5. Beringian Chukotkaand Beringian Alaska cxpressed on all individuals, it is impossible to 6. Moisl to wet gravels and solifluction soil in tundra distinguish this plant from small individuals of the areas, especially near slope hreak points. Ge.nerally prairie species S. rubra. The taxonomy of Salicornia. on cakareous gravels and agrillaceous soils in frost is a problem because too much is lost when the clisturbed or solitluction areas w ith dryas-step or plants are dried. S. borealis is not clearly distin­ terrace communities. guishcd from S. rubra. 7, Known from four localities in Asia (Cape Krause, Ball (pers. comm., 1997) questioned whether S Providenia Bay, Lorino) and seven in Alaska rubra is really distinct from the inland As.ian and (mainly near Cape Thompson on the. shore of the east European saline steppe plants which in Flora Chukchi Sea and Lost River oear the tip of the Europaea he called S. prostrata. The various Seward Peninsula); locaUy abundant. Protected in populations bolh in North Arnerica and Europe two localities, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife studied by using enzyme electropborcsis were Refuge (IUCN PAMC = TV). TUCN = LR(nt) almost all invariate, and in North America the 8. 2n = 21. Rumex. krausei shares some features with morphology and electrophoretic data do not corre­ R. beringensis Jurtz. & Petrovsky. Sergei Mosyakin, late very wel1. Nevet1heless, the Churchill area N.K. Kholodny Institute of Botany (pers. comm., populations are distinctive and shouid be given 1997) noted that, per published chromosome counts some taxonomic recognition. for the species (Yurtsev et al. 1973b), R. krausei is a 9, Ls and T: P.W. Ball, G.W Argus, and C.L. McJannot presumably infertile triploid, possihly, he surmised, 10. Jeffc1ies et al. (1983), Wolff (1985), Wolff and derivcd from R. beringensis. Notwithstanding, R. Jefferies (1987a, 1987b), McJannet er al. (1995) krausei can be shown to have clear morphological. 11. Canada ecological, and geographic distinctions from R. beringensis and is treated bere as a distinct species. l . Salix stolon?fera Covil. subsp. carbonicola 9. Ls: N.N. Taraskina, T: B.A. Yu,tsev, R. Lipkin. D.F. Petrovsky Murray and S.S. Talbot 2. No synonyms 10. Yurtsev et al. (1973b), Á. Löve and D. Löve (1975), 3, Salicaccae Yurtsev et al. (1975), Kharkevich and Kachura 4. Arctic Tundra, Northern Variant (1981), Murray and Lipkin (1987), Murray (1992, 5. Wrangel Island 1994) 6. Restricted to limestone barrens. 11. Russia, USA 7. Known from thrcc localities. Protected in Wraogel l. Salicornia bo.realis Wolff & Jeffries Island State Reserve (lUCN PAMC =I), IUCN = 2. No synonyms vu 3. Chenopodiaceae 8. 2n = lJ 4. A local race of the montane American 4. Southern Hypoarctic Tundra species S, stolonifera. 5. West Hudsonian 9. Ls and T: VV. Petrovsky 6. Open tidal mudflats in the lower salt-marsh commu­ l 0. Petrovsky and Zhukova (1983) nities on both sides of the Churchill River, low-lying l J. Russia areas in the uppcr marsh between frost-heave 1. Saxifraga aleutica Hultén mouods inhabited by Salix brachycarpa; commonly 2. No synonyms found growing around the periphery of salt-marsh 3. Saxifragaceae pools and on open flats in high marsh. Associated 4. Oceanic Boreal {rnostly treeless mesic meadows and flora: Puccinellia phryganodes, Carex heaths) subspathacea, Plantago maritima, and Potentilla 5. Oceanic Tnsular, South Beringia egedii. 6. In prostrate, dwarf shrub-herbaceous tundra in fine 7. Known from two 1ocalities, Churcb.i.Jl, Manitoba, screes on high ridges and summits. an.d approximately 30 km east of Churchill at La 7. Presently known from eight localities in the central Perouse Bay. lUCN = VU Aleutian Islands, but it is probably more wide 8. 2n = 18. Like all olher diploid annua! Salicornia spread. Protected in aJI localities, Aleutian Islands plants investigated, these are inbrceders so they are Unit of Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge a homozygous inbreeding line (P.W. Ball, University (JUCN PAMC = IV), the Afeutian Islands are a of Toronto, pers. comm., 1997). Salicornia borealis biospherereserve. IUCN = LR(Ic) is unique among annua] Salicornia with flowers and 8. Affinity to Saxifraga eschscholtzii Sternb. branchcs at the cotyledonary node. However, except 9, Ls: R. Lipkin and S.S. Talbot, T: R. Lipkin, S.S. for this characteristic, whicb .is not always clearly Talbot, and B.A. Yurtscv

32 10. Hultén (1936, 1960, 1968), Welsh(1974),Murray and Lipkin (1987), Li pk.in and Murray (1997) ll. USA 1. Senecio hyperborealis Greenm. subsp. wrangelica Jurtz., Korobkov & Petrovsky 2. No synonyms. Misapplied names: Packera fernaldii auet. 3. Compositae (Asteraceae) 4. Arctic Tundra, Northern Variant 5. Wrangel Island 6. Calciphyte restricted to dry, rubble or gravels and rocky barrens in the interior parts of the island. 7. Known from four localities where it is locallyabun­ dant. Protected in Wrangel Island State Reserve (TUCN PAMC = I). IUCN = LR(nt) 8. 2n = 138. This insular race is replaced by the Low Arctic, amphi-Beringian subsp. hyperborealis (2n = 46) in northeasternmost Chukotka Peninsula and in Alaska. 9. Ls: N.N. Taraskina, T: V.V. Petrovsky and B.A. Yurtsev. 10. Korobkov (1987b), Yurtsev et al. (1989b) 11. Russia 1. Sisyrinchium groenlandicum Boech. (Fig. 10) 2. S. montanum Greene; S. angustifolium Bicknell 3. lridaceae 4. Southem Hypoarctic Tundra and Oceanic Boreal Fig ure 10. Sisyrinchium groenlandicum. This member of (mostly lreeless mesic meadows and heaths) the iris family occurs on dry south-facing slopes at 5. West Greenland and adjacent areas moderately oceanic inland localities of central west 6. Dry south-facing slopes at moderately oceanic Green land. Photograph courtesy of Christian Bay, University inland localities. of Copenhagen, Denmark. 7. Known from 11 localities in central West Greenland, all except one wilhin the same general area. IUCN = LR(nt) 8. 2n= 32 9. Ls: C. Bay and B. Fredskild, T: C. Bay 1.0. Bøcher (1948, I 966), Fredskild ( 1966, 1996) 11. Greenland 9. Ls: N.N. Taraskina, T: B.A. Ymtsev 1. Suaeda arctica Jurtz. & Petrovsky 10. Ymtsev and Petrovsky (1978), Tgnatov (1988) 2. No synonyms 11. Russia 3. Chenopodiaceae 4. Northern Hypoarctic Tundra l. Taraxacum czaunense J urtz. & Tzvel. 5. Continental Chukotka 2. No synonyms 6. Silty beach and silty shorcline of a saline pond in 3. Compositae (Asteraceae) the estuary of the Apapelkhin River. 4. Northem and Southern Hypoarctic Tundra and 7. Known from a single locality on the eastcrn shore adjacent subarctic alpine areas of Chaun Bay. The type locality for the species has 5. Continental Chukotka and adjacent subarctic alpine alrcady been destroyed. IUCN = OD arcas 8. Annua!. Flowers in the axil of cotyledons. Presum­ 6. Dry, dwarf shrub-herb rubblc and stony slopes of ably a relict of a warm sea transgression period. low mountains, mostly those exposed to the south; Allied to amphi-Atlantic eoastal halophyte S. also on the rubble summit of a mountain where il maritima (L.) Du mort. occurs among the northernmost larch woodlands.

33 7 Known from four localities on the eastern coast of 8. 2n= 16. Diploid species of section Ceratophora Chaun Bay and the neighboring Anyui forest-tundra Dahlst.. morphologically similar to T. macilentum areas. fUCN = LR(nr) Dahlst. A presumed re1ict of Late Pleistoccne "sand 8. Close to the Asian T. korjakorum Charkev. & seas" of Western Beringia. Tzvel. 9. Ls: N.N. Taraskina, T: B.A. Yurtsev. 9. Ls: T.M. Koroleva, T: T.M. Koroleva and B.A. 10. Tsvelev and Yurtsev (1987) Yurtsev 11. Russia 10. Tsvelev and Ymtsev (1987) l. Tataxacum nanaunii Jurtz. 11. Russia 2. No synonyms 1. Taraxacum czukoticum J urtz. 3. Compositae (Asteraceae) 2. No synonyms 4. Arctic Tundra, Northern Variant 3. Co,mpositae (Asteraceae) 5. Wrangel lsland 4. Northern Hypoarctic Tundra 6. Non-carbonate, dry rubble on south-facing slopcs. 5. Continental Chukotka 7. Known from two localities. Protected in Wnmgel 6, Solifluction Jobes, on andesite colluviurn near the Island State Reserve (IUCN PAMC = f). lUCN = top of a mountain. vu 7, Known from only a few individuals at a single 8. Probably of hybtid origin from a cross between T. locality in the central part of the Chukotka Moun­ phymatocarpum of section Arctica. and T. lateritium tains. IUCN =a DD Dahlst. of section Ceratophara. 8. A species with a combi.nation of characters of T. 9. Ls: N.N. Taraskina, T: B.A. Yurtsev phymatocarpum and T. arcticum (section Arctica 10. Tsvelev and Yurtsev (1987) Dahlst.), pollen is present. 11. Russia 9. Ls: N.N. Taraskina, T: B.A. Yurtsev 10. Tsvelev and Yurtscv (1987) I. Taraxacum petrovskyi Tzvel. var. petrovskyi 11. Russia 2. No synonyms 3. Compositae (Asteraceae) 1. Taraxacum jurtzevii Tzvel. 4. Arctic Tundra, Northern Variant; Southern 2. No synonyms Hypoarctic Tundra; and adjacent subarctic areas 3. Compositae (Asteraceae) 5. Wrangel Island and Continental Chukotka and 4. No,them and Southern Hypoarctic Tundra and adjacent sobarctic areas adjacent subarctic alpine arcas 6. Dry, grassy, mostly south-facing ruhhle slopes, tors 5. Amguema Transitional Area and adjacent subarctic and tbeir pediments; in relict cryophyte steppes; on alpine areas (Anjui Mountians) cliffs in the Anyu.i-Anadyr forest-tundra divide. 6. Stony snowbeds, mostly on acid rocks. 7. Known from six localities. Protected in one locality, 7. K nown from 12 localities: mostly in the east-central Wrangel Island State Reserve (JUCN PAMC = parts of the Anyui Mountains (10 localities) and on I). IUCN = LR(lc) the Chukotka Peninsula (two localities). IUCN = 8. 2n = 40. A presumed intersectional hybrid with LR(lc) putative parents from section Ceratophora and 8. 2n = 32. Closely related to the more common section Arctica (probably, T. soczavae Tzvel.). Chukotka-Okhotian T. zhukovae Tzve1. 9. Ls: T.M. Koroleva and N.N. Taraskina. T: V.V. 9. Ls: T.M. Koroleva and N.N. Taraskina, T: B.A. Petrovsky, B.A. Ymtscv, and T.M. Koroleva Yurtsev .lO. Tsvelev and Yurtsev (1987) 10. Tsvelev and Yurtsev (1987) 11. Russia 11. Russia 1. Taraxacum leucocarpum Jurtz. & Tzvel. 1. Taraxacum petrovskyi Tzvel. var. safronovae 2. No synonyms Tzvel. 3. Compositae (Asteraceae) 2. No synonyms 4. Arctic Tundra, Southern Variant; Norlhem 3. Compositae (Asteraceae) Hypom·ctic Tw1dra 4. Arctic Tundra, Southern Variant 5. Continental Chukotka 5. Yana-Kolyma 6. Eolian sands with sparse herbaceous vegetation. 6. An eroded wcst-facing slope near the seashore. 7. Known from three localilies (two of which are in a 7. Known from a single locality. IUCN =DD regjonal nature monument), locally abundant. IUCN 8. According to Yurtsev (unpublished data, 1996) it =VU probably deserves the rank of a separate species.

34 9. Ls: T.M . Koroleva, T: T.M. Koroleva and B.A. 10. Tsvelev and Yurtsev (1987) Yurtsev 11. Russia 10. Tsvelev and Yurtsev (1987) 1. Taraxacum taimyrense TzveJ. 11. Russia 2. No synonyms 1. Taraxacum pseudoplatylepittm Jurtz. 3. Compositae (Asteraceae) 2. No synonyms. Misapplied names: T. platylepium 4. Arctic Tundra, Southern Variant; Northern and auet. non Dahlst. Southem Hypoarctic Tundra 3. Compositae (Astetaceae) 5. Taimyr 4. Arctic Tundra, Norlhem Variant 6. Stcep, stony riparian sJopes and cliffs; sandy and 5. Wrangel Island gravclly alluvial flats and lake shores. 6. Short-li.ved snowbeds on the sleopesof high tcrraces 7. Known from 13 localities. Protected io one Jocality, in carbonate alluvium and protuvium. Purinsky Sanctuary (IUCN PAMC =IV). IUCN = 7. Known from seven localities where it is comrnon. LR(lc) Protected in Wrangel Island State Reserve (fUCN 8. Related lo Taraxacum bicorne Dahlst. and T. PAMC = I). IUCN =LR(Jc) macilentum Dahlst. (section Ceratophora Dablst.) 8. 2n =24, 32. A chionophilous species of T. but with some features of T. phymatocarpum Vahl phymatocarpum agg. of section Arctica Dahlst. Possibly of hybrid origin. 9. Ls: N.N. Taraskina, T: B.A. Yurtsev 9. Ls and T: M.V. Sokolova 10. Tsvelev and Yurtsev (1987) 10. Tsvelev and YurLsev (1987) 11. Russia 11, Russia

I . Taraxacum semitubulosum Jurtz. 1. Taraxacum tolmaczevii J urtz. 2. No synonyms. Misapplied names: Taraxacum 2. No synonyms arcticum auet. 3. Compositae (Asteraceae) 3. Compositae (Asteraceae) 4. Arctic Tundra, Northern Variant 4. Arctic Tundra, Southern Variant; N01thern 5. Wrangel Islaod Hypoarctic Tunclra; and subarctic alpine adjacent 6. Carbonate gravel-silt i.n frost boils on proluvial areas terraces. 5. Anabar-Olenek and Kharaulach and adjacent. 7. Known from four localities in the southwestem and subarctic alpine areas central parts of Wrange1 Island; never abundant. 6. A snowbed planl, sometimes occuning with T. Protected in Wrange1 Island State Reserve ([UCN arcticum (Trautv.) Dahlst. PAMC = I). IUCN = VU 7. Known from seven localities. Protectcd in three 8. 2n = 24. A peculiar species of T. phymatocarpum localities in the Lower Lena State Reserve where it agg.; similar in 1eaf blade fo1m and dissection to the is locally abundant. IUCN = LR(lc) Canadian-Grccnland diploid T. holmenianum Sahlin 8. Affinities of the widespread T. arcticum (Trautv.) (T. pumilum Dahist., non Gaudich). Dahlst., as well as the Beringian T. alaskanum 9. Ls: N.N. Taraskina, T: B.A. Yurtsev Rydb. and T. kamtschaticum Dahlst.. 10. Tsvelev and Yurtsev (1987), Yurtscv et al. (1989b) .9. Ls: T.M. Koroleva, N.N. Taraskina, T: T.M. 11. Russia Koroleva, B .A. Yurtsev I. Taraxacum uschakovii Jurtz. 10. Tsvelev and Yurtsev (1 987) 2. No synonyms 11. Russia 3. Compositae (Asteraceae) I . Taraxacum senjavinense Jurtz. & Tzvel. 4. Arctic Tundra, Northern Variant 2. No synonyms 5. Wrangel Island 3. Compositt1e (Astetaceae) 6. Early melting snowbeds on carbonate substrates. 4. Northem Hypoarctic Tundra 7. Known from eight localities in the southwest and 5. Beringian Chukotka (Chukotsk Peninsula) central part of Wrangel lsland whcrc it is common. 6. Snowbeds and on carbonatc colluvium. Protected in Wrangel Island State Reserve (IUCN 7. Known from three localities whcre it is locally PAMC = I). IUCN = LR(nt) abundant. IUCN =LR (nt) 8. 2n = 32. By the combination of characters, this 8. A species of section Arctica which combines the species could have originated from a cross betweeo characteristics of T. phymatocarpum Vahl and T. some nivaJ species of T. phymatocarpum agg. (2n sibiricum Dahlst. = 24) and T. arcticum (Trautv.) Dahlst. (2n = 40), 9. Ls: N.N. Taraskina, T: B.A. Yurtsev witb which it is commonly associated in snowbe.ds.

35 9. Ls: N.N. Taraskina, T: B.A. Yurtsev l l. Russia 10. Tsvelev and Yurtsev (1987), Yurtsev et al. ( 1.989b) l. Trisetum wrangelense (Petrovsky) Probat. 11. Russia 2. Trisetum spicatum (L.) Richt. subsp. wrangelense 1. Taraxacum wrangelicum Tzvel. Petrovsky 2. No synonyms 3. Gramineae (Poaceae) 3. Compositae (Asteraceae) 4. Arctic Tundra, Northern Variant 4.. Arctic Tundra, Northern Varianl 5. Wrangel Island 5. Wrangel Island 6. Rcstricted to dry hillsides. 6. Mountain snowheds on carhonate substratcs. 7. Known from four localities. Protcctcd in Wrangel 7. Known from six localities in the soutbwcstem and Island State Reserve (IUCN PA.MC = I). IUCN = central parts of the Wrangel Island whcrc it is LR(nt.) comrnon. Protected in Wrangel Island State Reserve 8. 2n = 28. Sympatric with T. spicatum (L.) Richt. (IUCN PAMC = I). TUCN = LR(nt) 9. Ls; N.N. Taraskina, T: V.V. Petrovsky. 8. 2n = 40. A species of T. phymatocarpum agg. 10. Pro batova ( 1985) 9. Ls: N.N. Tarask.ina, T: B.A. Yurtscv li. Russia 10. Tsyelev and Yuttsev (1987), Yurtsev et al. (1989b)

36 Ac knowledgments

We express our sincere gratitude to David B. Allen, project; and John G. Brewer, Division of Realty, U.S. Fish Regional Director, Alaska Region, U.S. Fish and WiJdlife and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, for producing maps. Geo­ Service, Anchorage, Alaska, who served as CAPF Na­ graph i cal dala for protected areas originated at UNEP tional Representative (CAFF T-JTT), for advocating the GRID-Arendal, Norway. Geographical data for phytogeo­ project; Simon Blyth, World Conservation Monito1ing Cen­ graphic subzones and floristic provinces and. subprovinces tre (WCMC), Cambridge, United Kingdom, for designing originated at USGS EROS AJaska Field Office, Anchor­ the maps and compiling and managing data; Richard age, and INSTAAR, University of Colorado. Luxmoore, WCMC, for facilitating the mappiog project; The cover photograph of Artemisia globularia var. lutea, William K. Seitz, Center Director, Alaska Biological Sci­ from St. Matthew Island, Alaska, is courtesy of Sandra ence Center, U.S. Geological Survey Biological Resources Looman Talbot, Alaska Biological Science Center, U.S. Division, Anchorage, for funding support of the mapping Geo1ogical Swvey Biological Resources Division, Anchorage.

AJluvium - Material that is transported and deposited by ruo­ Eolian -W ind bome. ning water. Endemic-A taxon confined toa particular region, as endemic to Alpine -Those portions of mountain landscapes above tree line, Chukotka. or referring to the organisms living tbere. Eutrophic- Habitats, particularly soil and water, 1ich in nutrients. Amphi-Atlantic - On both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. Fellfield -From the Danish ''fjeld-mark,"Or rock desert A type Amphi-Beringian- On both sides of the Bering Strait and Beting Sea. of tundra ecosystem characterized by rather flat relief, very Annual - Plant thal completes its life cycle and dies in one year stony soil, and low, widely spaced vascular plants. or less. Floodplain - Anearly level plain bordering streams and ri vers and A1·ctic-alpine - Pertaining both to arctic and alpine regions. subject to periodic flooding. Biennial -Plant that rcqutres l wo years to complete its life cycle. Frost boil - Discrete areas of bare soil disturbed by frost action. Calcareous - Referring lo limestone-derived carbonate-rich soils. Halopbyte - Plant adapted to exi stence in a saline environment Calciphyte - A plant that prefcrs calcarcous soils; it is and more or less restricted to saline or alkaline soils or to calciphilous. sites influenced by salt water. Chionophilous plants - Plants preferring snow-rich sites. Heterostyly - Condition in which individuals within a species Colluvium (-via) -A general term for all kinds of materials mov- differ in the length of style in their flowers. Anthers in one i.ng dow11slope because of gravitation effect. type, of flower are at the same level as sdgmas in the other, Conspecific - Of the same species. thus ensuring cross-pollination and preventi.ng self- polli­ Cryo-arid - Cold and very dry (cJimate, area, period). nation (Lawrence 1995). Cryophyte - A plant of cyro-arid areas. Hygric - Refers to a wet or moist condition of a habitat. Cryoxerophytc - A plant of dry habitats in cold latitudinal or Hypoarctic - Region that includes both the Low Arctic and the altitudinal zones. Subarctic (northern taiga plus forest-tundra). Eluvium - Rock debris produced by the weathering in situ. Incd. - Tn the. process of being published. Mesic - Soils, sites, or habitals characterized by inte1111ediate moisture conditions, i.e., neither decidcdly wct (hyg1ic) nor "Definition or terms are from Burgunker (1961), Gabriel and TalboL dry (1984), and Yurtsev (unpuhlished data, 1996). decidedly (xe1ic).

37 Monocarpic - A plant that bears fruit only once and dies, cf Scree - Sheet of coarse rock debris mantling a mountain slope. polycarpic. Snowbed - An area where snow accumulalcs cach winter and Montane - Pertaining to mountain slopes, including those below melts late each growing season. the alpine zone. Solifluction - Process of downslope movement of soil caused Nival- Pertaining to the barren region of pennanenl ice and snow. by frost action; characte1istic of areas with cold arctic or Octaploid - A planL with a chromosome complemenl of eight sets alpine cJimatcs. of the haploid (n) number. Steppe- (I) A landscape term referring to thebroad , undu lating, Oligotrophic - Restricted to nutrient-poor, leachecl soils. treeless and grassy plains; (2) A community of xerophilous Perennial - Plant that lives for three or more ycars. herbaceous perennials of temperate to cold-temperate zones Petrophilous plants - Growing primarily or wholly on rubble, or belts. gravelly, orstony substrate. Stlanik - Plant formation and growth forms of creeping shrubs Plakor - Areas of interfluvial plains covcrcd by moderately or small trees, for example, Pinus pumila. drai.ned fi.ne-textured silt or clay matc1ial. Sympatric - Refers to taxa occupying the same or overlapping Polycarpic - Perennial plant that fruits many times over its life; ranges. cf. monocarpic. Taiga - A Russian term meaning the boreal conifer forestor the Proluvial - Mate1ial, usually gravel or sand, ha ving mo ved down landscape dominated by such vegetation. the slopc through gravitation and water f1ows and deposited Takkyr - Slightly concave land surfaces in arid areas, with at the base; "proluvial"-the attributive from proluvium ponded water in the spring, that dries out and cracks into (Lat.). polygons in summer; normally salt-rich, witb a special set Pulvinate - Cushion-shaped. of halopbytic plants. Arctic takkyrs differ from those of the Relict - Species belonging to an earlier vegetation and climatic true dese1t zones; playa deposjts (Burgunker 1961)). regime than that in which it is now found, in azonal, intra­ Taxon - Species or lower or higher taxonomic levels, im:luding zonal, or extrazonal habitats, usually with strongly disjunct forms that are not yet formally described. distribution. Tor -1solated mass of resistant rock composed of either a single Rhizome (-atous) - A stem, generally modified (particularly for or numerous joint blocks standing above the unaltered bed­ storing nutrients), that grows along or below the surface of rock and the surrounding tcrrain. Tors usually contain nu­ the grouud and produces adventitiou.s roots, scale leaves, merous blocks piled one upon anolbcr, fonning castellated and suckers irregularly along its length. piles or fingers of rocks. Riparian - PertaiJ1ing to the streamside environment. Xeric - Refers to a dry habitat or site. Rudera) - Plant species growing on disturbed sites or in waste Xerophyte - A plant that can grow in dry places. placcs; wccd plants that cxploit conditions of high distur­ Zoogenic- Caosed by or associated with animals or their activities. bance and low competitive stress.

Bay, C. 1992. A phytogeographical study of the vascular plants Berkutenko, AN. 1985. Brassicaceae Bumett. Vascular plants of ot northern Greenlaod - north of 74° northcrn latitude. the Soviet Far East. Nauka, Leningrad 3:38-1 15. (In Russian) Meddelelser om Grønland, Bi oscience 36: 1- 102. Bliss, L.C. 1981. North Arnerican and Scandinavian tundras and Bay, C. 1993. Taxa of vascular plants new to the flora of Greenland. polar deserts. Pages 8-24 in L.C. Bliss, O.W, Heal, and J.J. Nordjc Journal of Botany 13:247-252. Moore, editors. Tundra ecosystems: a comparative analysis. Bay, C. 1997. Floristical and ecological characterization of the po- Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England. lar desert zone of Greenland. Journal of Vegctation Science Boivin, B. 1966. Énumération des plantes du Canada. Naturaliste 8:685-696, Canadien 93:253-274. (In Frcnch) Berkutenko, A.N. 1978. What is Draba tschuktschorum Trautv. Botschaotsev, V.P., and V.V. Petrovsky. 1986. Hediniopsis czukotica Pages 76-79 in A.P. Khokryakov, editor. Flora and vegetation (Cruciferae)-a new genus and species from Chukotka, of Chukotka. Akaderniya Nauka, Vladivostok. (In Russian) Botanitheskyi Zhurnal 71(11):1548-1549. (In Russian) Berkutenko, A.N. 1983. Cruciferae of the Kolyma uplands. Rubnova, S.V. 1990. Puccinellia Parl. Flora of Siberia. N auka , Akademiya Nauka, Vladivostok. 164 pp. (In Russian) Novosibirsk 2:]91-209. (In Russian)

38 Burgunkcr, M.E. 1961. Russian-English dictionary of earth sci­ Report 10. U.S. Dcpartment of the Iute1ior, Bureau of Land euces. Telberg Book Co., New York, NY. 94 pp. Management, Anchorage, Alaska. 137 pp. Böcher, T.W. 1948. Contributions to the flora and plant geogra­ Heggelund, I. 1993. New localities for Taestadianum poppy (Pa­ phy of West Greenland. Meddelelser om Grønland 147(3):1- paver Laestadianum) in tbe. Signal Valley. [Nye lokaliteter for 29. lacstadiusvalmue (Papaver laestadianum) i SignaJdaJe n ]. Böcher, T.W. 1966. Experimental and cytological studies on piant Polarflokken 17:471-484. (In Norwegian) species. X. Sisyrinchium with species reference to the Holmgren, A.H. 1979. Strategies for the preservation of rare Grecnland representatives. Botanisk Tidsskrift 61:273-290 . plants. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 3:95-99. Chambcrs, K.L. 1992. Choosing the correct name for Aconogonon Hong, S.P. 1991. A revisiou of Aconogonon (= Polygonum sect. (Polygonum secL. Aconogonon) j II Alaska. Rhodora Aconogonon, Polygouaceae ) in North America. Rhodora 94(879):319-322. 93:322-346. Christensen, C. l938 On Polystichum aleuticum C. Chr., a new Hughes, W.E., and G. Halliday. 1980. Puccinellia Pari. Pages 167- North Arnerican species. American Fem Journal 28(3): 111-113. 169 in T.G. Tut.in, V.H. Heywood, N.A. Burges, and D.H. Val- Cody, W.J. 1979. Vascuiar plants of t·estricted range in the conti­ entine, editors. Flora Europaea V, Cambridge University Press, nental Northwest Territories. Syllogeus 23, National Museum Cambridge, England. of Natura! Sciences, Ottawa, Canada. 57 pp. Hultén. E. 1936. New or notable- species from Alaska. Conlribu­ Cody, WJ ., G. W. Scotter, and S.C. Zoltni. 1992. Vascular plant flora tions to the flora of Alaska Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift 30:515-528. of the Melville Hills region, Northwes-t Territories. Canadian Hultén, E. 1937. Outline of the history of arctic and boreal biota Field-Naturalist I 06:87-99. during the Q11aternary Period. Bokforlags Aktiebolaget Thule, Cooservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF). 1994. The state of Stockholm, Sweden. 168 pp. protected areas in the cireumpolar Arctic 1994. CAFF Habitat Hultén, E. 1939. Two new species from Alaska.Botaniska Notiser Conserva:tion Report No. L Directorate for Nature Management, 1939:826-829. Trondheim, Norway. 163 pp. Hultén, E. 1941-1950. Flora of Alaska and Yukon, 1-10. Lunds, Dalgaard, V., and B. FrcMexico. Vol. 2. Pteridophytes and gymno­ number to English version in brackets) sperms. Oxford University Press, New York 492 pp. Karnelin, R.V., and B ,A,. Yurtsev. 1982. A new species Astragalus Fredskild, B. 1966. Two new finds of Sisyrinchium in Greenland, igoschinae (Fabaceae) from the Polar Ural. Botanichesky i [To nye fund af Sisyrinchium på Grønland. Botanisk Tidsskrift Zhumal 67(9): 1285-1289. (Tn Russian) 61 :291-294.J (In Danish, with English summary) Kelso, S. 1987. Primula tschuktschorum and Primula eximiq Fredskild, B . 1996. A phytogeographical study of the vascular plants (Primulaceaesection Crystallophlmis): a distylous species and of West. Groenland (62° 20'-74° OO'N). Meddelelser om its homostylous derivative from theBering Strait region, Alaska. Grønland. Bioscience 45:1-157. Brittonia 39:63-72. Gabriel, H.W., and S.S. Talbot. 1984. Glossary of landscape and Kelso , S . 1996. Status report on Primula tschuktschorum vcgetation ecology for Alaska . BLM- Alaska Technical Kjell man. Unpublished report. Alaska Natural Heritage Pro­ gram, University of Alaska, Anchorage. 21 pp.

39 Kelso, S., B.A. Yurtsev, and D.F. Murray. 1994. Douglasia and production ecology of an Alaskan arctic tundra. Eco­ beringensis (Primulaceae): a new species from northwestern Iogical Studies 29. Springer-Verlag, New York. Alaska. Novon 4:381-385. Murray, D.F. 1980. Threatened and endangered plants. U.S. For­ Kharkevich, S.S., editor. 1985-1996. Vascular plants of the Soviet est Service and Bureau of Land Management, Anchorage, Far East. Vol. J -8. Nauka, Leningrad. (In Russian) Alaska. 59 pp. Kharkevich, S.S., and N.N. Kachura. 1981. Rare plants of the Murray, D.F. 1988. A taxonomic reevaluation of Thlaspi arcticum. Soviet Far East and their protection. Nauka, Moscow. 232 A.E. Porsild. Research Work Order No. 34, Unit Coopcrative pp. (ln Russian) Agreement No. 14-16-0009-1535. University of Alaska, Knoll, A.H. 1984. Patterns of extinction in the fossil record of Fairbanks. vascular plants. Pages 21-68 in M.H. Nitecki, editor. Extinc­ Murray, D.F. 1992. Vascular plant diversity in Alaskan arctic tun­ tions. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois. dra. Northwest Environmental Journal 8:29-52. Kobeleva, T.P. 1976. The genus Gagea Salisb. Flora of the north­ Murray, D.F. 1994. Floristic novelties jn Beringia: patterns and ques­ eastern European pa1t of the USSR. Nauka, Leningrad Tl:110- tions of their origins. Pages 186-192 in R.H. Meehan, V. 111. (In Russian) Sergienko, and G. Weller, editors. Bridges of science between Kornarkova, V., and P.J.Webber. 1980. The Low Arctic vegetation North America and the Russian Far East. Proceedings of the maps near Atkasook, Alaska. Arctic and Alpine Research 45th Arctic Science Conferencc, 25-27 August 1994, Anchor­ 12:447-472. age, Alaska and 29 August-2 September 1994, Vladivostok, Korobkov, A.A. 1980. The family Primulaeeae Vent. Arctic Flora Russia. of the USSR. Nauka, Leningrad Vlll(l):160-192. (In Russian) Murray, D.F., and S. Kelso. 1997. Chromosomc numbers and tax­ Korobkov, A.A. 1981. Wormwoods of the North-East of the USSR. onomy of selected Alaskan vascular plants. Rhodora 99(897):33-55. Nauka, Leningrad. 121 pp. (ln Russian) Murray, D.F., and R. Lipkin. 1987. Candidate threatened and en­ Korobkov, A.A. 1987a. The genus Artemisia L. Arctic flora of the dangered plants of Alaska. University of Alaska Museum, USSR. Nauka, Leningrad X:133-179. (In Russian) Fairbanks. Korobkov, A.A. 1987b. The genus Senecio L. Arctic flora of the Nathorst, A.G. 1883. Nya bidrag tillkannedomen om Spetshergens USSR. Nauka, Leningrad X:196-236. (In Russian) kärlväxtflora, och dess vlixtgcografiska follhållanden. Kunglica Kuliev, A.N., and V.V. Morozov. 1988. Flodstic finds at the east of Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar 20(6):1-88. (ln the Bolshezemelskaya Tundra and Polar Ural. Botanicheskyi Swedish) Zhurnal 73(3):443-447. (In Russian) Nilsson, 0., and L.A. Gustafsson. 1979. Projekt Linné rapportcrar Lawrence, E. 1995. Henderson's dictionary of biologieal terms. 93-105. Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift 73:71-85. (ln Swedish) 11th edition. John Wiley and Sons, New York. 693 pp. Nordhagen, R. 1939. Bidrag till fjellel Pältsas flora. Botaniska Lellinger, D. 1987. A field manual of the ferns and fcm-allies of Notiser 691-700. (In Swedish) the United States and Canada. Second printing. Smithsonian Øvstedal, D.O. 1975. A new Saxifraga from Svalbard. Astarte 8:23- lnstitution Press, Washington, District of Columbia. 389 pp. 27. Nordic Journal of Botany 13:247-252. Lipkin, R., and D.F. Murray. 1997. Alaska rare plant field guide. Petrovsky, V. V. 1975. The genus Cardamine L. Arctic flora of the U.S. Department of the lnterior, Washington, Di.strict of Columbia. USSR. Nauka, Leningrad Vll:79-92. (In Russian) Löve, A., and D. Löve. 1975. Nomenclatural notes on arctic plants. Pctrovsky, V.V. 1977. The new Potentilla species from Wrangel Botaniska Notiser 128:495-523. Island. Bolanicheskyi Zhumal 62(5):675-676. (In Russian) Lysen.ko, LG., M.J.B. Green, R.A. Luxmoore, C.L. Carey-Noble, Petrovsky, V.V. 1983a. New taxa of genus Papaver (Papaveraceae) and S. Kaitala. 1996. Gaps in habitat protection in the circurn­ from the north-east of Asia. Botanicheskyi Zhumal 68(2):229- polar Arctic: a preliminary analysis. CAFF Habitat Conserva­ 236. (In Russian) tion Report No. 5. Ministry of Environmental Protection and Petrovsky, V.V. 1983b. Two new species of the genus Potentilla Natura) Resources, Russian Federation, Moscow. 19 pp. (Rosaceae) from the north-east of Asia. Botanicheskyi Zhurnal McJannet, C.L., G.W. Argus, and W..T.Cody. 1995. Rare vascular 68(3):400-402. plants in the Northwest Territories. Syllogeus No. 73. Canada Petrovsky, V.V. 1987. The genus Erigeron L. Arctic flora of the Museum of Nature, Ottawa. 104 pp. USSR. Nauka, Leningrad X:71-84. (In Russian) Moran, Y.S. 1997. Implementation of the multi-partncrship con­ Petrovsky, V.V., and P.G. Zhukova. 1983. Chromosome numbers, servation agreement for Oxytropis arctica barnebyana morphology, ecology and taxonomy of willows northeastern (Barncby's milkvetch) Kotzebue LRRS 1996/1997. Final Re­ Asia. Botanichcskyi Zhumal 68(1):29-38. (ln Russian) port for U.S. Air Force Work Order Number 86059. U.S. Air Porsild, A.E. 1943. Materials for a flora of the continental N01th­ Force, 611th Air Support Squadron/CEVP, Elmendorf AFB, wcst Tcrritories of Canada. Sargentia 4: 1-79. Alaska. 49 pp. Porsild, A.E. 1964. Illustrated flora of the Canadian Arctic Archi­ Morozov, V.V., and A.N . Kulicv. 1989. On some tloristic bound­ pelago. Second edition revised. National Museum of Canada aries as elucidated by new finds in the eastem Bo]shezemelskaya Bulletin 146. 218 pp. Tundra and the western macroslope of Polar Ural. Botanicheskyi Porsild, A.E., and W.J. Cody. 1980. Vascular plants of the conti­ Zhurnal 74(3):339-350. (In Russian) nental Northwest Territories, Canada. National Museum of Mosquin, T. 1971. Biosystematic studies in the North American Natura! Sciences, Ottawa. 667 pp. species of Linum, section Adenolinum (Linaeeae). Canadian Probat.eva, N.S. 1985. Poaceae Barnh. Vascular plants of the So­ Journal of Botany 49(8): 1379-1388. viet Far East. Nau.ka, Leningrad 1:89-382. (ln Russian) Murray, D.F. 1978. Vegelation, floristics, and phytogeography of Quammen, D. 1996. The song of the dodo: island biogeography in northern Alaska. Pages 19-36 in J.L. Tiezen, editor. Vegetation an age of extinctions. Scribner, New York. 702 pp.

40 Rebristaya, O.V. 1980. The genus Castilleja Mut,is. Arctic F1ora Tsvelev, N.N . 1983. The genus Plantago L. Arctic flora of the of the USSR. Nauka, Leningrad VIII (1):275-286. (In Russian) USSR. Nauka, Leningrad VIII(2):17-25. (In Russian) Rebristaya, O.V. 19l;IT. The genus Crepis L Arctic flora of the Tsvelev, N.N., and 13.A. Yurtsev. 1987. The genus Taraxacum USSR. Nauka, LeningradX :31 9-327. (Tn Russian) Wigg. Arctic flora of the USSR. Nauka, Leningrad X:264-319. Reid, W.V., and K.R. Miller. 1989. Keeping options alive: the sci­ (In Russian) entific basis for conserving biodivcrsity. World Resources U.S. Department of the Interior. 1988. Determination of endan­ Institute, Washington, Dislrict of Columbia. J30 pp. gered status for Polystichum aleuticum. Final Rule. Federal Rollins, R.C. 1993. The Crucifcrae of continental North America. Register 53(31):4626-4630. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California_ 9.76 pp. Yinogradova, Y.M., and B.A. Yurtsev. 1980. The genus Cassiope Rowe, J.S. 1988. On saving flora and fauna. Canadlan Plant Con­ D. Don. Arctic flora of the USSR. Nauka, Leningrad VIII(1): 125- scrvation Newsletter 3(2):2-4. 13 l. (In Russian) Rune, 0. 1993. Distribution and ccology of Gymnigritelta runei: Wagner, D. 1979. Systcmatics of Polystichum in western North a new orchid in .Scandinayiau mountain flora. Opera Botanica America north of Mexico. Pteridologia J: 1-64. 121:29-33, Wal.ker, D.A. 1995. Toward a new circumpolar arctic vegetation Rønning, O.l. 1962. Tbc Spitzbergen species of Colpodium Trin., map: St. Petersburg Workshop. Arctic and Alpine Research Pleuropogon R. Br. and Puccinellia ParL Kongelige Norske 27:103-104. v idenskabers sels,kabs skrifter 1961 (4): 1-50. Walker, D.A., P.J. Webber, N.D. Lederer, and M.D. Walker. 1987. Rønning, O.l. 1972. The distribution of the vascular cryptograms Terraln and vegetation of the Department of Energy R4D re­ and mo nocoty ledons in Svarbard _ Kongelige Norske search site, lmnavait Creek. Alaska. 1. Classification and map­ videnskabers selskabs skrifter 1972(24):1-63. ping. Uupublished Report, University of Colorado, Institute Scoggan, H...T. 1978-1979. The flora of Canada. National Museum of Arctic and Alpine Research, Plant Ecology Laboratory. of Natural Sciences Puhlications in Botany 7(1-4). 1710 pp. Boulder. 68 pp. Scott, J.M., F. Davis, B. Csuti, R Noss, B. Butterfield, C. Groves, Walkcr,D .A., E. Binnian, B.M. Evans.N.D. Lederer. E. Nordstrand, H. Anderson, S. Caicco, F. D'Erleia, T.C. Edwards, Jr., J. Ulliman, and P.J. Webber. 1989. Terrain, vegetation and landscape evo­ and R.G. Wright. 1993. Gap analysis: a geographic approach lution of the R4D research site, Brooks Range, Alaska. Hol­ to protection of biological diversity. 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Rosagropromizdat, Wolff, S.L., and R.L. Jefferies. 1987a. Taxo.no1nic status of diploid Moscow. 591 pp. (In Russian) Salicornia europaea (s.l.) {Cbenopodi.aceae) in northcast­ Ta1hot, S.S., S.L. Talbot, and W.B. Schofield. 1995. Contribution ern North America. Canadian Journal of Botany 65i 1420- 1426. toward an ullderstanding of Polystichum aleuticum C. Chr. Wolff, S.L., and R.L. Jefferies. 1987b. Morphological and isozyme on Adak Island, Alaska. American Fern Journal 85(3);83-88, variation in Salicornia europaea (s.l.) (CJ1enopod.iaceae) in Taraskina, N.N_ 1984. The genus Chrysosplenium L. Arctic flora northeastern North America . Canadian JoumaJ of Botany of the USSR. Nauka, Leningrad IX, I :88-96. (In R ussian) 65:1410-1419. Teppner, H., and F. Klein. 1989, Gymnigritella runei species nova Young, S.B , 1996. Floristic studies in relationr to vegetationaI (Orch.idaceae-Orchideae) aus Schweden. Phyton (Austria) change. Pages 84-85 in D.A. Walker and C.J. Markon. edi- 29(2):161-173. (In German) tors. Circumpolar arctic vegctation mapping workshop: a Tolmatchev, A.I. 1975a. The genus Draba L. Arctic flora of the comp·ilation of ahstracts aud short papers presented at the USSR. Nauka. Leningrad VII: :106-155. (In Russian) Komarov Botanical Institute. St. Petersburg, Russia, 21-25 Tolmatchev, A.I. 1975b. The genus Papaver L. Arctic flora of the March 1994. Open File Report 96-251. U.S. Geological Sur­ USSR. Nauka, Leningrad VIT:7-32. (In Russian) vey, National Mapping Division, Washington, District of Co­ Tolmatchev, A.I., andB.A. Yurtsev, editors. 1960-1987. Arctic flora lumbia. USSR, volum.es I-X. Nauka, Leningrad. (In Russian) Yurtsev, B.A. 1974. Problems of botanical gcography of north­ Tsvelev, N.N. 1964. Tbe genus Puccilnellia Pari. Arctic flora of eastern Asia. Nauka. Leningrad. 159 pp. (ln Russian) the USSR. Nauka, Moscow-Leningrad II:178-208. (In Russian)

41 Yurtsev, B.A. 1975. The genus Arabidopsis Heynh. Arctic Flora Ymtsev, B.A., A.A. Korobkov, and S.A. Balandin. 1987. A spe­ of the USSR. Nauka, Leningrad V JJ:53-59. (In Russian) eies of Central-Asian genus Hedinia (Brassicaccae) in the Yurtsev, B.A. 1981. Relict steppe complexes of the Northeastern Western Chukotka. Botaoichcskyi Zhumal 72(8): 1031-1041. (In Asia. Nauka, Novosibirsk. 168 pp. (In Russian) Russian) Yurtsev, B.A. 1984. The genus Potentilla L. Arctic flora of the Yurtsev, B.A., and V.V. Petrovsky. 1978. A new species of the USSR. Nauka, Leningrad IX(l) :137-234. (lu Russian) genus Suaeda Forsk. (Chenopodiaceae) from the coast ot' Yurtsev, B.A. 1986a. The genus Astragalus L. Arctic flora of the Western Chukotka. Botanicheskyi Zhurnal 63(3):370-372. (In USSR. Nauka, Leningrad IX(2):20-61. (In Russian) Russian) Yurtscv, B.A. 1986b. The genus Oxytropis DC. Arctic flora of the Yurtsev, B.A., and V.V. Petrovsky, 1994. Flora of the vicinities of USSR. Nauka, Leningrad IX(2):61-146. (In Russian) Somnitelnaya Harbour: vascuJar plants. Pagcs 7-66 in B.A. Yurlsev, B.A. 1988a. A new species of the genus Oxytropis from Yurtsev, editor. Arctic tundras of Wrangel Island, Komarov the section Baicalia (Fabaceae) and the problem of conti­ Botanical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia. (In Russian) nental relicts in the flora of Wrangel Island. Botanicheskyi Yurtsev, B.A., T.G. Polozova, andN.A. Sek:retarcva. 1989a. Supple­ ZhurnaJ 73(12): 1649-1661. (In Russian) ments and corrections to the list of vascularplants of Wrangel Yurtsev, B.A. 1988b. Two new hyhridogenous taxa of the genus Island. Communication 1. Byulleteu Moskovskogo Obshchestva Potentilla (Rosaceae) from Northeastem Asia, Botanicheskyi lspytatelei Prirody, Otdel Bio1ogicheskii 94(3):9-89. (In Russian) Zhurnal 73(11):1612-1617. (In Russian) Yu.rtsev, B.A., T.G, Polozova, aud N.A. Se.krelareva. 1989b. Supple­ Yurtsev, B.A. 1989. Two new taxa of grasses (Poaccac) from ments aud corrections to the list of vascular plants of the Wrangel Wrangel Island. Botanicheskyi Zhumal 74(1):110-115. (In Russian) Island. Communication 2. Byulleten Moskovslmgo Obshchestva Yurtscv, B.A. 1993. New taxa of the genus Potentilla (Rosaceae) lspytatelei Prirody, Otdel Biologicheskii 94(4):116-126. (In Russian) from Arctic Alaska. Botanichcskyi Zhurnal 78(11):78-87, (Jn Yurtscv, B.A., A.K. Sytin, and N.A. Sekretareva. 1973b. Interest­ Russian) ing floristic finds in the easteromost Chukotka Peninsula, II. Yurtsev, B.A. )994. Floristic division of the Arctic. Journal of Botanicheskyi Zhurnal 58(12):1742-1753. (ln Russian) Vegetation Science 5:765-776. Zaslavskaya (Koroleva), T.M. 1981. Conspect of the flora of the Yurtsev, B.A., A.V. Galanin, T.G. Derviz-Sokolova, A.E. Katenin, tundra part of the Anyuj Mountains (Western Chukotka). A.A. Korobkov, T.M. Koroleva, V.V. Pctrovsky, T.V. Plieva, Leningrad, Komarov Botanical Institute. Moscow, All-Union V.J. Razzhivin, and N.N. Taraskina. 1975. Floristic finds in the Scjentific Rescarch Institute of Technicallnfonn.ation (VfNITI), Chukotka Tundra 2. N ovitates systematicae plantarurn No. 5112-81 DEP. 129 pp. (In Russian) vascularium 12:301-335. (In Russian) Zaslavskaya, T.M., and V.V. Petrovsky. 1985. Rare and endemic Yurtsev, B.A., A.V. Galanin, T.G. Derviz-Sokolova, A.E. Katenin, plants of the flora of the Anuyi Mountains (West Chukotka). J.P. Kozhevnikov, A.A. Korobkov, V.V. Petrovsky, T.V. Plieva, Protection of rare vascular plants from Soviet Far East. V.J. Razzhivin. andN.N. Taraskina. 1973a. Floristic finds in the Vladivostok. 1985, pp. 106-130. (In Russian) Chukotka Tundra 1. Novitates systematicae pla ntaruro Zink, R.M., and M.C. McKitrick. 1995. The debate over species vascularium 10:283-324. (In Russian) concepts and its implications for oroithology. The Auk 112:701- Yurtsev, B.A., A.B. Katenin, and O.S. Rezvanova. 1994. Compara- 719. tive analysis of three local floras on the northeasternmost Chukotka Peninsula, Botanicheskyi ZhumaJ 7(4):1-12. (ln Russian)

42 1. Erigeron yukonensis Rydb. 10. Teppner and Klein ( 1989), Rune (.l 993) 2. No synonyms 11. Sweden 3. Compositae (Asteraceae) 1. Oxytropis schmorgunoviae Jurtz. 4. Hypoarctic 2. No synonyms 5. ln the Arctic, West Canadian 3. Leguminosae (Fabaceac) 6. Calcareous rocky slopes. 4. Northcm Hypoarctic Tundra, Suboceanic Stlaniks 7. Canadian Arctic and more common in the Canadian (Pinus pumila), and subarctic woodland adjacent subarctic Yukon. areas 8. East Beringian continental species; in Alaska, the 5. Continenral Chukotka and adjacent arcas (taiga of species has bcen collected south of the Arctic at the Kolyma drainage) Harding Lake near Fairbanks. Tbis species was 6. South-facing dry steppe bluffs. cxcludcd because there are locations outside the 7. Known from five localities; locally abundatit. fUCN Arctic as defined herein. = LR(nt) 9. Ls: C.M. McJannet, T: G.W. Argos, R. Lipkin, and 8. 2n = 48. A hypoarctic steppe species of the amphi­ D.F. Murray Beringian subsection Inaequiseptatae Jurtz. of 10. Cody (1979), Porsild and Cody (1980), McJannet et section Baicalia Bunge and a presumed link be­ al. (1995) tween the subarctic sleppe taxon, 0. 11. Canada and USA. scheludjakovae Karav. & Jurtz., and the Ayon 1. Gagea samojedorwn Grossh. Island endemic, 0. sverdrupii Lynge. Not eudernic 2. No synonyrns. Misapplied names: Gagea fistulosa to the Arctic. auet.. non Ker-Gawler, G. pusilla auet. non Schult. 9. Ls: T.M. Koroleva, T: B.A. Yurtsev & Schult. fil. 10. Yurtsev (1986b) 3. Liliaceae J1. Russia 4. Southem Hypoarctic Tuneira and adjacent montane 1. Papaver gorodkovii Tolm. & Petrovsky areas 2. No syoonyms 5. Ural-Novaya Zemlya and adjacent montane areas 3. Papaveraceae 6. Streamside rnountain tundra meadows. 4. Low to High Arctic 7. Known from ten localities. TUCN = LR(Jc) 5. Wrangel Island, Beringian Chukotka, and Beringian 8. Related to G. flstulosa Ke:r-Gawler, a species of the Alaska; co-endemic to West and East Beringia m.iddleto southern European mountains. Not en­ (subendemic of Wrangel Island). dcmic to the Arctic. 6. Rcstdcted to carbonate gravelly alluvium and moist 9. Ls and T: O.V. Rcbristaya screes. 10. Kobeleva (1976), Kuliev and Morozov ( 1988), 7. Known from 25 localitics (17 in Russia and eight in Morozov and Kulicv ( 1989) the United States). Under protection in Wrangcl 11. Russia Island State Reserve. 8. 2n =42. Allied to P. walpolei Pors. from Central 1. Gymnigritella runei Teppner & Klein Bcringia. This taxon was excluded from the anno­ 2. No synonyms tated list because new infonnation showed that it .3. Orchidaccae occurrcd in more Lhan 20 localities . 4. Subarctic alpine 9. Ls: T.M. Koroleva and N.N. Taraskina, T: V.V. 5. Swedish mountains (Åsele and Lycksele lappmark); Petrovsky four rather close sites. JO. Tolmatchev (1975b), Murray (1994) 6. Herb-rich rneadows close to the timber line. l l. Russia and USA 7. Four sites wilhin all200-300 individuals. 8. Stabi lized apogamous allopolyploid, from Nigritella 1. Papaver laestadianum (Nordh.) Nordh. nigra Reichenb. fil. and Gymnadenia conopsea 2. Papaver radicatum Rottb. subsp. laestadianurn (L..) R. Br., 2n = 80. This taxon was exduded from Nordh. the annotated list because all sites wcre not in the 3. Papaveraceae Arctic as defined herein. 4. In alpine areas within the boreal zone 9. Ls and T: M. Aronsson 5. Scandinavia (none of Yurtsev's zones)

43 6. Screes, barren rock oulcrops, open grave] in the 9. Ls: N.N. 'I'araskina, T: D.F. Murray, B.A. Yurtsev middle alpine belt. Secondary localities along river 10. Hultén (1968), Yurtsev et al. (1975), Hong (1991), banks in the lowland. Chambers (1992) 7. Vulnerable according to the 1992 Norwegian Red 11. Russia and USA Lisl Only known from a very restricted area in I . Potentilla insularis Soják northernmost Sweden and in adjacent areas of 2. Misapplied names: P. rubicaulis Lehm and P. Norway. In Sweden one sire with 20-500 individuals pedersenii (Rydb.) Ostenf. yearly; in Norway about ten Jocalities of an esti­ 3. Rosaceae mated 1,000-2,000 individuals. 4. Arctic Tundra, Southern Variant 8. 2n = 56. Related lo P. lapponicum (Tolm.) NordlL 5. Svalbard, Ellesmere-N01th Greenland (same chromosome numbcr) and P. radicatum and 6. Dry screes and cliffs in association with sea bird is in need of taxonornic restudy. This species was colonies. cxcluded because all localities were outside the 7. Known from scattered colonies in central Arctic as dcfined herein. Spitsbergen and one colleclion from nottheasL 9. Ls and T: M . Aronsson and A Elvebakk Greenland. Some of the localities have rather large 10. Nordhagen (1939), Nilsson and Gustafsson (1979), populations; the size and structure of !hese popula­ Heggelund (1993), Ncvermo (1997, University of tions are now being studicd (R. Elven et al., Univer­ Tromsø, pers. comm.) sity of Oslo, pers. comm., 1996). Several populations 11. No1way and Sweden are in plant protection areas. The staLus of the l. Pedicularis hyperborea Vved. species in Greenland is unknown. lUCN = LR. 2. No synonyms 8. Previously considered to be a possibly apomictically 3 . Scrophulariaceae reproducing and locally arisen, polytopic 4. Northern and Southem Hypoarctic Tundra hyhridogeneous species swarm that may have 5. Ural-Novaya Zemlya and Yamal-Gydao European- originateChukchi Peninsula 8. Related to the Eurasian P. chrysantha group. In the and western Alaska) Russian flora, it is hybridogenous between Potentilla 6. In Chukchi Peninsula: petrophyte zoogcnic meadows hyparctica and P. stipularis, hoth taxa occurring on cliffs (noncarbonate rocks, slightly acidic). Forms witbin the range of P. rubella in Greenland (C. Bay, rhizomatous clones. It is uncommon on the Seward onpublisheddata., 1996). According to B. Eriksen Peninsula where it occurs on gravel bars of lakes, (University of Goteborg, pers. eomm., 1997), lhe rubble small ridtes, and similar open sitcs. disuibution and taxonomic status of Potentilla 7. Common in Alaska but rare in Asia. rubella has to be jnvestigated further. The systemat­ 8. 2n = 20. Replaced in tbe rest of Alaska-Yukon ics of Potentilla are so uncertain that listing species territory by subspecies hulténianum Jurtz., very such as P. rubella as rare may lead to loss of common in taiga valleys, on roadsides. This taxon confidcnce-in a credible list. Valuable background was cxcluded from the annotated list because new notes on the species (B. Eriksen, University of infom1ation showcd that it occurred in more than 20 GoLeborg, pers. comm., 1997) follow and providc J.ocalitics. considerable insight into the problem. The specics

44 was described by Sørensen (1934) as an endemic 3. Primulaceae from Eastern Green land. It is said to be closely 4. Low Arctic related to P. emarginata (section Aureae; now P. 5. Central Beringian ( on either coast of Bering Strait) hyparctica), judged by the floral sirnilarities; but in stenoch01ic coendemic of the eastern CJ1u.kotka contrast to P. hyparctica, which has trifoliate leaves, Peninsula, Sl. Lawrence Island, Alaska Peninsula, P. rubella has ahnosl exclusively pentafoliate and the western Seward Peninsula. leaves. The plants of P. rubella are also more 6. Eutrophic moist frost-scar, forb-sedge-dwarf, shrub­ robust, with projccting inflorescences. The plants are moss tundras, ankild, T: C. Bay and B. Eriksen J I. Canada and Greenland 10. Bay (1992) 1. Saxifraga svalbardensis D.O. Øvstedal 11. Greenland and Russia 2. No synonyms 3. Saxifragaceae l. Primula tschuktschorum Kjellm. (quoad typ., non 4. Middle and northern Arctic tundra zone (I-Il) auet. plur.) 5. Svalbard 2. Primula beringensis (Pors.) Jurtz. 6. Wet mires and in moss carpets along creeks.

45 7. Many localities, not rare, and many localities are 6. Well-drained sites on alpine slopes, dry ridges, and probably within protected areas. When it was cspecially in the sandy gravels of low river terraces published in 1975 only four localities were known, and on the acti ve floodplain. but El vebakk (unpublished data, 1997) has found it inin 7. Known from at Ieast 40 localities. suitable habitats in almost aJI areas that he has 8. 2n = 28. This diminutive white- to lavender-flowered visited in Svalbard. These locaJities have not been mustard is distinguished from its dose relatives in the published, bul the conclusion is that it is common as family Cruciferae, particularly Draba, Arabis, and stated by Elven and Elvebakk (1996). Braya, by its compact rosette of glabrous Jeaves, 8. 2n = 64, probåbly originated from a hybrid between glabrous leafy stem, and short, broad, somewhat S. cernua and S. rivularis s. lat Pseudo-viviparous. obovate or club-shaped fruits on spreading pedicels This taxon was excluded from the annotated list lhaL are as long as the fruits (Murray and Lipkin because new information showed that it occurred in 1987)_Because it flowers very early (right after more than 20 localities. snowmclt), it is easily overlooked later in the season; 9. Ls and T: A. Elvebakk some plants have only basal rosetttes, without 10. Øvstedal (1975), Elven and Elvebakk (1996) flowering stems, further reducing theit visibility. A lJ . Norway detailed taxonomic reevaluation was prepared by Murray (1988). This taxon was excluded from the l . Thlaspi arcticum A.E. Porsild annolated list because new information showed that 2. No synonyms it occurred in more than 20 Iocalities. 3. Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) 9. Ls: R. Lipkin, T: R. Lipkin, D.F. Murray 4. Nortbern and Southern Hypoarctic Tundra lO. Porsild (1943), Hultén (1968), Welsh (1974), 5. Nortbern Alaska, Central Canada. and adjacent Holmgren (1979), Dawe and Murray (1981), Murray areas and Lipkin (1987), Murray ( 1988) 11. Canada, Russia and USA

46 . - Appendix II. Locatio rareendemic vascularpla ' . .. . conntry and latitude and longitude. Key to country codes: CDN, Canada; GRN, Greenland; NOR, Norway; RUS, Russia; and USA, United States of America.

Androsace semiperennis Jurtz., RUS, 66 53N 179 OOW, USA, 64 52N 165 45W, 64 53N 166 08W, 64 59N 67 30N 179 OOW,66 20N 178 OOW,65 58N 177 15E, 164 50W, 64 59N 165 03W, 64 54N 166 04W, 64 66 39N 176 40E, 65 20N 17416E 55N 165 57W, 64 54N 166 OOW Arabidopsis bursifolia (DC.) Botsch. var. beringensis Calamagrostis poluninii Th. Sør., GRN, 61 23N 45 Jurtz., RUS, 66 30N 171 05W 08W, 61 ION 45 25W, 61 38N 48 34W, 6143 N 48 A. tschuktschorum (Jurtz.) Jurtz., RUS, 66 30N 171 08W, 61 54N 48 30W, 60 56N 45 16W, 60 54N 45 30W 16W, 60 53N 45 17W, 60 51N 45 18W, 64 59N 51 Artemisia aleutica Hultén, USA, 5158N 177 32E, 51 17W, 64 09N 50 22W, 65 53N 52 15W, 64 21N 50 48N 178 19E, 5147N 178 2IE, 51 58N 177 32E 24W, 64 21N 50 27W, 64 47N 50 37W, 64 45N 50 A. arctica Less. subsp. arctica, RUS, 65 35N 171 OOW, 36W. 64 15N 50 14W, 68 39N 50 42W, 66 30N 51 65 45N 171 20W, 64 49N 175 20W, 64 25N 173 20W, 66 15N 50 20W, 67 07N 50 20W, 69 33N 50 15W, 64 53N 172 30W; USA, 64 55N 165 OOW, 64 12W 52N 166 08W, 64 34N 165 23W, 65 55N 163 30W, Cardamine sphenophylla Jurtz., RUS, 65 50N 171 64 52N 163 45W OOW, 64 SON 173 1OW, 66 20N 179 1OW A.flavaJurtz., RUS, 68 25N 168 45E, 67 50N 169 25E. Cassiope Xanadyrensis Jurtz., RUS, 64 55N 178 38E, 66 48N 167 20E, 6712N 165 50E, 67 30N 168 30E, 65 23N 168 08B 68 ISN 166 03E, 66 SON 16618E, 66 43N 167 23E, Castilleja arctica Kryl. & Serg. subsp. vorkutensis 66 43N 167 38E, 66 41N 167 47E Rebr., RUS, 67 28N 64 42E, 67 27N 64 OOE, 67 A. globularia Bess. var. lutea Hultén, USA, 60 24N 32N 6405E, 67 lON 63 38E, 67 02N 63 44E, 67 03N 172 42W, 57 l lN 170 24W, 63 20N 171 30W, 60 6404E 25N 172 37W, 63 47N 171 45W, 64 45N 166 lOW, Chrysosplenium rimosum Kom. subsp. dezhnevii 60 18N 172 13W, 60 42N 172 42W Jurtz., RUS, 66 05N 170 OOW A. lagopus Fisch. ex Bess. subsp. abbreviata Krasch. Claytoniella vassilievii (Kuzen.) Jurtz. subsp. ex Korobk., RUS, 71 34N 129 OOE, 68 OON 130 OOE, petrovskyi Jurtz. & M. Griczuk, RUS, 70 59N 178 69 25N 129 50E, 70 OON129 OOE, 70 17N 129 30E, 28W, 71 08N 179 25W, 70 56N 179 37W 72 24N 126 50E, 70 41N 127 25E, 70 37N 129 38E, C. vassilievii (Kuzen.) Jurtz. subsp. vassilievii, RUS, 64 73 15N 124 OOE,70 45N 128 OOE,71 50N 127 OOE, 53N 172 30W, 66 OON1 70 55W, 65 57N 174 37E, 64 69 02N 130 OOE, 71 32N 128 50E, 68 OON 129 42E, 44N 177 45E, 63 04N 179 21E, 64 40N 175 26E, 62 67 25N 128 40E 43N 176 58E, 62 48N 177 3 lE A. lagopus Fisch. ex Bess. subsp. triniana (Bess.) Crepis albescens Kuv. & Demid., RUS, 66 53N 66 56E Korobk., RUS, 73 15N 126 32E, 73 28N 123 20E, 73 Douglasia beringensis S. Ke1so, Juttsev, & D.F. 04N 12645E, 73 34N 125 20E, 7317N 126 20E, 73 Murray, USA, 65 48N 1.63 19W, 65 48N 163 23W 25N 125 l2E , 74 OON 110 20E, 74 17N 111 lOE, 74 Draba aleutica Ela.nan ex Hulten, RUS, 54 59N 168 20N 112 40E OOE;USA, 57 llN 170 22W, 51 48N 178 18E, 51 .A. samojedorum Pamp., RUS, 69 24N 86 lOE, 70 03N 58N 177 29E, 52 lON 174 13W, 52 56N 173 15E 83 l 2E, 70 05N 83 JOE, 70 08N 83 1OE, 70 30N 83 D. taimyrensis Tohn., RUS, 75 lON 89 30E, 74 SON 90 30E, 69 10N 85 55E, 69 15N 84 45E, 69 47N 85 40E, lOE, 74 15N 98 OOE, 74 38N 104 04E, 74 SON 106 69 37N 84 26E, 68 53N 85 50B 15E, 75 ION 113 OOE A. senjavinensls Bess., RUS, 65 15N 172 45W, 64 53N Erigeron muirii Gray, CDN, 69 35N 138 53W, 69 35N 172 30W, 64 25N 172 30W, 64 SON 173 lOW, 64 139 OOW, 69 34N 138 55W; USA, 68 09N 165 59W, 45N 173 05W, 64 SON 172 25W, 64 38N 172 30W 69 26N 148 37W, 69 28N 146 09W, 68 24N 151 Astragalus gorodkovii Jurtz., RUS, 66 53N 65 45E, 66 25W, 68 19N 151 02W, 68 36N 149 07W, 69 28N 50N 65 40E, 66 57N 65 49E 14128W, 69 39N 146 50W, 6919N 14614W A. igoschinae R. Kam. & Jurtz., RUS, 66 35E 63 52E Gastrolychnis triflora (R. Br.) Tolm. & Kozhancz. Beckwithia glacialis (L.) Á. Löve & D. Löve ssp. subsp. wrangelica Jurtz., RUS, 70 56N 179 37W alaskensis Jurtz., D. Murray, & S. Kelso in.ed.,

47 Hedinia czukotica (Botsch. and Petrovsky) Jurtz., Papaver atrovirens Petrovsky, RUS, 69 11N 178 49E, Korobk. and Balandin, RUS, 68 45N 173 49E, 68 70 56N 179 37W, 71 03N 179 10W, 7 1 08N 177 28N 166 32E, 68 34N 165 54E 31 W, 70 56N 179 56E Hierochloë wrangelica Jurtz. & Probat., RUS, 71 13N P. caLcare.um Petrovsky, RUS, 7 1 08N 179 17E, 71 12N 17919W 178 58E, 71 13N 179 19W, 71 19N 179 50W, 71 OlN XLedodendron vanhoeffeni (Abromeit) Dalgaard & 179 09E, 71 08N 179 42E, 71 OlN 179 31W Fredskild, GRN, 70 19N 50 30W, 67 40N 51 22W, 67 P. chionophilum Petrovsky, RUS, 70 59N 178 28W, 70 02N 50 41W, 67 08N 51 08W, 67 05N 5115W , 66 56N 179 37W, 71 08N 179 17E, 7112N 178 58E, 71 59N 50 25W, 66 30N 51 12W, 67 07N 51 15W 13N 179 19W, 71 03N 179 10W, 70 7 54N 179 07W, Linum lewisii Pursh subsp. lepagei (Boivin) Mosquin, 71 OlN 179 09E CON, 52 56N 82 lOW, 53 OON82 OOW, 53 08N 80 P. leucotrichum Tolm., RUS, 71 18N 127 41E OOW,53 18N 80 OOW,53 26N 82 1OW, 54 52N 82 P. multiradiatum Petrovsky, RUS, 70 56N 179 37W, 70 15W, 55 16N 85 12W, 55 40N 85 53W, 55 52N 86 59N 178 28W, 7119N 179 50W, 7113N 179 19W, 46W, 56 29N 88 09W, 57 45N 94 05W 7108N 179 l7E, 7112N 178 58E, 71 01N 179 09E, Mertensia drummondii (Lchm.) D. Don, CON, 69 17N 71 08N 179 42E 119 07W, 68 56N 116 56W, 69 4 1N 124 39W, 68 P. nudicaule L. subsp. insulare Pctrovsky, RUS, 70 49N 124 25W, 68 56N 116 56W; USA, 70 28N 157 56N 179 37W, 7113N 179 19W, 71 08N 179 l 7E, 71 17W, 70 29N 157 25W, 69 36N 152 12W, 70 40N 08N 179 42E, 71 03N 179 lOW, 71 08N 177 31 W 15655W P. uschakovii Tolm. & Petrovsky, RUS, 70 56N I 79 Oxytropis beringensis Jurtz., RUS, 66 30N 171 30W, 37W, 70 59N 178 28W, 71 08N 179 l 7E, 71 0 l N 179 66 30N 172 05W 09E, 7 1 08N 17942E, 7 103N 179 lOW, 7J 08N 177 0. dejlexa (Pall.) DC. subsp. dezhnevii (Jurtz.) Jurtz., 31W RUS, 64 53N 172 30W. 66 15N 171 05W, 64 SON Plantago canescens Adams subsp. jurtzevii Tzvel., 173 lOW, 66 30N 172 05W, 66 30N 171 15W RUS, 69 44N 170 10E 0. kateninii Jurtz., RUS, 66 15N 1.71 41 W Poa hartzii R. Br. ssp. alaskana R.J. Soteng, USA, 70 0. putoranica M . Ivanova, RUS, 74 15N 98 00E, 74 39N 157 15W, 70 40N 156 55W, 70 52N 156 07W, 30N 98 20E, 75 12N 107 30E, 69 44N 94 OOE, 69 69 20N I 45 02W 44N9800E Polystichum aleuticum C. Christensen, USA, 51 49N 0. sordida (Willd.) Pers. subsp. arctolenensis Jurtz., 176 42W, 51 50N 176 42W, 51 49N 176 41W, 51 RUS, 72 24N 126 36E, 72 24N 126 48E, 71 55N 127 50N 17644W 25E, 72 llN 126 58E Potentilla anjuica Petrovsky, RUS, 68 46N 165 23E, 68 O. sordida (Willd.) Pers, subsp. barnebyana (Welsh) 45N 166 llE , 69 28N 163 lOE, 68 55N 165 40E, 68 Jmtz., USA, 66 53N 162 37W, 66 52N 162 37W, 66 28N 166 32E, 68 34N 165 54E, 67 21N 159 55E 51N 16236W,665 1N 16236W,6666N 16235W, P. Xarctoalaskensis Jurtz., USA, 65 53N 163 53W 66 SIN 162 35W, 66 54N 162 34W P. beringensis Jurtz., RUS, 65 55N 171 OOW 0. sverdrupii Lynge, RUS, 69 55N 167 58E P brooksensis Jurtz., USA, 69 20N 144 30W 0. tlchomirovii Jurtz., RUS, 72 48N 80 50E, 73 18N P. czegitunica Jurtz., RUS, 66 30N 171 30W 89 40E, 75 20N 89 00E, 73 40N 93 35E, 73 20N 86 P. dezhnevii Jurtz., RUS, 66 30N 17J 30W, 66 15N 171 18E, 73 lON 95 50E, 72 45N 95 30E, 72 22N 100 05W 35E, 75 22N 99 50E, 75 27N 99 48E, 75 34N 99 1 1E, P.murrayi Jurtz., USA, 68 27N 149 18W, 65 23N 163 75 56N 99 48E, 76 04N 99 58E, 74 36N 101 32E, 74 23W 47N 103 15E, 75 ION 104 15E P. tschaunensis Juz. ex Jurtz., RUS, 68 45N 166 11E, 68 0. uniflora Jurtz., RUS, 71 08N 179 25W 38N 166 05E, 69 20N 165 05E, 65 35N 173 54E, 65 0 . uschakovii Jurtz., RUS, 70 59N 178 28W, 70 56N 44N 169 35E, 68 47N 170 OOE 179 37W, 71 19N 179 50W, 71 08N 179 42W, 71 P. uschakovii Jurtz., RUS, 71 01N 179 31W 1.5N 179 JOE, 71 08N 179 25W, 71 03N 179 P. wrangelii Petrovsky, RUS, 71 13N 179 19W lOW, 71 13N 179 19W, 7108N 179 17E, 71 Puccinellia byrrangensis Tzvel., RUS, 72 48N 80 50E, 12N 178 58E 73 18N 90 30E, 73 45N 92 OSE, 73 29N 80 lOE, 75 0. wrangelii Jurtz,., RUS, 7 1 12N 178 58E, 71 08N 10N 100 03E, 75 19N 100 OSE, 75 32N 99 11E,76 179 17B, 7 ,I 08N 179 42E, 70 52N 179 40E, 71 12N 99 04E, 74 50N 106 15E, 75 12N 107 30E, 75 19N 179 50W, 71 01N 179 09B, 71 13N 179 19W, 10N 113 OOE 70 54N 179 07W, 70 54N 179 07W, 70 56N 179 P. gorodkovii Tzvel., RUS, 72 48N 80 50E, 75 25N 88 37W, 70 59N 178 28W, 66 15N 173 OOW, 67 43N 54E, 75 19N 100 OSE, 76 04N 99 58E, 76 12N 99 176 50W, 69 55N 168 20E 04E, 74 27N 102 50E, 74 50N 106 15E

48 P. jenissejensis (Roshev.) Tzvcl., RUS, 71 43N 83 JOE, 16W, 64 14N 49 42W, 64 ISN 50 JOW, 64 25N 49 72 48N 80 50E, 73 40N 82 12E 50W, 64 07N 50 08W P. poacea Th. Sørensen, CDN, 69 27N 133 02W, 78 Suaeda arctica Jurlz. & Petrovsky, RUS, 69 45N 170 59N 85 50W, 79 02N 81 50W, 79 16N 83 44W, 79 35E 30N 88 30W, 79 58N 84 23W, 80 OON86 15W, 80 Taraxacum czaunense Jurtz. & Tzvel., RUS. 67 23N 03N 85 56W, 81 05N 79 05W, 81 49N 71 26W, 82 168 21E, 69 36N 170 12B, 69 40N 170 20E, 68 34N 31N6215W 165 54E P. rosenkrantzii Th. Sør., GRN, 70 27N 53 34W, 70 T. czukoticum Jurtz., RUS, 67 53N 177 I 5E 27N 52 25W, 70 47N 53 40W, 70 30N 54 1 lW T. jurtzeviiT zvel., RUS, 69 16N 164 05E, 69 13N 165 P. svalbardensis Rønning, NOR, 78 57N 12 20E, 79 40E, 68 32N 164 58E, 68 46N 165 23E, 68 37N 165 l8N 16 00E 35E, 68 52N 166 09E, 68 38N 166 05B, 67 30N l 68 Pucclphippsia czukczorum Tzvel., RUS, 66 30N 171 30E, 68 30N 168 16E, 66 43N I 67 23E, 66 20N 179 05W, 64 53N 172 30W, 67 26N 174 40W, 65 35N 07W, 6615N 171 50W 171 oow T. leucocarpum Jurtz. & Tzvel., RUS, 69 57N 168 03E, Ranunculus punciatus Jurtz., RUS, 69 20N 164 25E, 69 69 55N 168 20E, 69 49N 173 32B I 6N 164 OSE, 69 18N 165 40E, 68 46N 165 23E, 68 T. nanaunii Jurtz., RUS, 70 53N 179 40E, 70 56N 179 52N 166 09E, 68 30N 16816E, 68 17N 167 08E, .65 37W 35N 170 50W, 6615N 170 20W, 65 35N 171 OOW T. petrovskyi Tzvel. var. petrovskyi, RUS, 69 16N 164 R. wilanderi (Nath.) Á. & D. Löve, NOR, 78 35N 15 05E, 67 24N 168 23E, 66 I 1N 167 24E, 70 59N 178 20E 28W, 71 lON 179 02E, 71 J3N 179 19W Roegneria nepliana Y. Vassil., RUS, 69 40N 162 12E, T. petrovskyi Tzvel. var. safronovae Tzvel., RUS, 72 68 45N 166 llE, 68 04N 166 25E, 69 lON 164 40B, 52N 14048B 67 56N 167 18E, 67 41N 167 45E,.68 55N 165 40E T. pseudoplatylepium Jurtz., RUS, 70 56N 179 37W, 71 R. villosa V. Vassil. subsp. coerulea Jurtz., RUS, 71 l()N 179 02E, 71 08N l7917E, 71 08N 179 42E, 71 13N 179 19W, 70 56N 179 37W, 71 08N 179 42W, 03N 179 1OW, 7 I 12N 179 43B, 71 08N 179 25W 71 lON 179 02E, 7112N 179 OOW T. semitubulosum Jurtz., RUS, 72 16N 123 OOE, 72 32N Rumex krausei Jurtz. & Petrovsky, RUS, 64 53N 172 122 18E, 72 57N 121 40E,69 05N 129 20E, 72 16N 30W, 65 50N 171 OOW,65 45N 171 20W, 65 40N 125 40E, 72 OON129 12E, 71 25N 129 OOE 17150W; USA, 65 28N 167 10W, 68 09N 165 58W, T. senjavinense Jurtz. & Tzvel., RUS, 64 53N 172 30W, 68 08N 165 39W, 68 38N 166 12W, 65 10N 166 64 56N 172 33W, 66 16N 170 48W 29W, 65 27N 167 12W,65 25N 167 11W T. taimyrense Tzvel., RUS. 72 48N 80 50E, 70 40N 88 Salicornia borealis Wolff & Jeffries, CDN, 58 45N 93 30E, 70 53N 90 OOE,71 25N 89 15E, 71 40N 88 25W,584 7N94 11W 30E, 72 20N 85 30E, 73 18N 90 30E, 73 12N 89 Salix stolonifera Cov. subsp. carbonicola Petrovsky, 40E, 73 40N 93 35E, 73 10N 95 50E, 75 10N 100 RUS, 71 13N 17919E, 71 08N 179 17E, 7112N 178 03B, 74 50N 106 15E, 70 52N 89 58E 58E T. tolmaczevii Jurtz., RUS, 70 56N 179 37W, 71 l ON Saxifraga aleutica Hult.en, USA, 51 50N 176 40W, 52 179 02B, 7108N 179 42W, 71 08N 179 25W 10N 174 llW, 52 04N 173 31W, 51 58N 177 29E, 52 T. uschakovii Jurtz., RUS, 71 08N 179 17B, 7 I 1ON 179 46N 173 54E, 52 26N 173 36E, 51 48N 178 18E, 52 02E, 71 03N 179 lOW, 71 12N 178 58E, 71 ION 179 56N 173 15E 40E, 70 56N 179 37W, 7112N 179 43E, 71 08N 179 Senecio hyperborealis Greenm. subsp. wrangelica 25W Ju11z., Korobk.. & Petrovsky, RUS, 71 08N 179 42E, T wrangelicum Tzvel., RUS, 70 56N 179 37W, 71 08N 71 19N 179 50W, 71 13N 179 J9W, 70 56N 179 179 17E, 71 03N 179 JOW, 70 57N 179 47W, 7119N 37W 179 50W, 71 OlN 179 31W Sisyrinchium groenlandicum Boech., GRN, 67 02N 50 Trisetum wrangelense (Petrovsky) Probat.. RUS, 71 44W, 64 21N 50 27W, 64 26N 50 12W, 64 22N 50 08N 179 17E, 71 12N 178 58E, 70 56N 179 37W, 71 24W, 64 15N 50 12W, 64 26N 50 28W, 64 25N 50 08N 179 42W

49 endix III.

Taxa are arranged alphabetically. The Arctic is delimited bya solid dark gray line, land masses are represented by light gray, and habitat protected areas are intermediate gray. Taxon localities are shown as red dots. Locality coordi­ nates are recorded in Appendix IT.

Androsace semiperennis Jurtz. Arabidopsis bursifolia (DC.) Botsch. var. beringensis Jurtz.

tli 80

'.

1.20

150

Arabidopsis tschuktschorum (Jurtz.) Jurtz. Arlemisia aleutica Hulten

50 Artemisia arctica Less. Artemisia flava Jurtz. subsp. arctica

Artemisia globularia Bess. Artemisia /agopus Fisch. ex Bess. var. /utea Hultén subsp. abbreviata Krasch. ex Korobk.

51 Artemisia /agopus Fisch. ex Sess. Artemisia samojedorum Pamp. subsp. triniana (Sess.) Korobk.

Artemisia senjavinensis Bess. Astragalus gorodkovii Jurtz.

52 I Astragalus igoshinae R. Kam. & Jurtz. Beckwithia g/acialis (L.) A. Löve & D. Löve subsp. alaskensis Jurtz., D.F. Murray, & S. Kelso ined.

Calamagrostis poluniniiTh. Sør. Cardamine sphenophyl/a Jurtz.

53 Cassiope Xanadyrensis Jurtz. Castil/eja arctica Kryl. & Serg. subsp. vorkutensis Rebr.

Chrysosp/enium rimosum Kom. C/aytoniel/a vassilievii (Kuzen.) Jurtz. subsp. dezhnevii Jurtz. subsp. petrovskyi Jurtz. & M. Griczuk ined.

54 C/aytoniel/a vassilievii (Kuzen.) Jurtz. Crepis a/bescens Kuv. & Demid. subsp. vassilievii

Douglasia beringensis S. Kelso, BA Jurtzev, Draba aleutica Ekman ex Hultén & D.F. Murray

55 Draba taimyrensis Tolm. Erigeron muirii Gray

120

150 150

Gastrolychnis friflora (R. Br.) Tolm. & Kozhancz. Hedinia czukotica (Botsch. & Petrovsky) Jurtz., subsp. wrangelica Jurtz. Korobk., & Baland.

56 Hieroch/oe wrangelica Jurtz. & Probat. XLedodendron vanhoeffeni (Abromeit) Dalgaard & Fredskild

Linum /ewisii Pursh Mertensia drummondii (Lehm.) D. Don subsp. lepagei (Boivi.n) Mosquin

57 Oxytropis beringensis Jurtz. Oxytropis def/exa (Pall.) DC. subsp. dezhnevii (Jurtz.) Jurtz.

Oxytropis kateninii Jurtz. Oxytropis putoranica M. lvanova

58 120

150 150

Oxytropis sordida (Willd.) Pers. Oxytropis sordida (Willd.) Pers. subsp. arctolenensis Jurtz. subsp. barnebyana (Welsh) Jurtz.

Oxytropis sverdrupii Lynge Oxytropis tichomirovii Jurtz.

59 Oxytropis uniffora Jurtz. Oxytropis uschakovii Jurtz.

Oxytropis wrangelii Jurtz. Papaver atrovirens Petrovsky

60 Papaver calcareum Petrovsky Papaver chionophi/um Petrovsky

Papaver /eucotrichum Tolm. Papaver multiradiatum Petrovsky

61 .

150

Papaver nudicaule L. Papaver uschakoviiTolm. & Petrovsky subsp. insulare Petrovsky

.

150

Plantago canescens Adams Poa hartzii R. Br. subsp. jurtzevii Tzvel. subsp. alaskana R.J. Soreng

62 Po/ystichum a/euticum C. Christensen Potentilla anjuica Petrovsky

Potentilla Xarctoa/askensis Jurtz. Potentma beringensis Jurtz.

63 Potentilla brooksensis Jurtz. Potentilla czegitunica Jurtz.

Potentilla dezhnevii Jurtz. Potentilla murrayi Jurtz.

64 Potentilla tschaunensis Juz. ex Jurtz. Potentilla uschakovii Jurtz.

Potentilla wrangelii Petrovsky Puccinellia byrrangensis Tzvel.

65 Puccine/lia gorodkovii Tzvel. Puccinellia jenissejensis (Roshev.) Tzvel.

120

150 150

Puccinellia poacea Th. Sør. Puccinellia rosenkrantzii Th. Sør.

66 Puccinellia svalbardensis Rønning Pucciphippsia czukczorum Tzvel.

I Ranunculus punctatus Jurtz. Ranunculus vilanderi (Nath.) A. Löve & D. Löve

67 Roegneria nepliana V. Vassil. Roegneria vi/losa V. Vassil. subsp. coerulea Jurtz.

Rumex krausei Jurtz. & Petrovsky Sa/icornia borealis Wolff & Jeffries

68 30

90

120 120

'! r

150 1 50 150

Salix stolonifera Cov. Saxifraga aleutica Hultén subsp. carbonicola Petrovsky

Senecio hyperborealis Greenm. Sisyrinchium groenfandicum Boech. subsp. wrangelica Jurtz., Korobk., & Petrovsky

69 Suaeda arctica Jurtz. & Petrovsky Taraxacum czaunense Jurtz. & Tzvel.

Taraxacum czukoticum Jurtz. Taraxacum jurtzevii Tzvel.

70 Taraxacum /eucocarpum Jurtz. & Tzvel. Taraxacum nanaunii Jurtz.

. 120 . .

150

Taraxacum petrovskyi Tzvel. Taraxacum petrovskyi Tzvel. var. petrovskyi Tzvel. var. safronovae Tzvel.

71 Taraxacum pseudoplatylepium Jurtz. Taraxacum semitubu/osum Jurtz.

120

I

150

Taraxacum senjavinense Jurtz. & Tzvel. Taraxacum taimyrense Tzvel.

72 Taraxacum tolmaczevii Jurtz. Taraxacum uschakovii Jurtz.

Taraxacum wrangelicum Tzvel. Trisetum wrangelense (Petrovsky) Probat.

73 Form approved REPORT DOCUMENTATIONPAGE 0MB No. 0704-0188

Public reporting burden for this collection is estimated to average 1 hour per response, incl ud ing time for review ing instructions, searching existin g data sources, gathering and maintaining the dala needed, and com pleting and reviewing the collection of information. Send com m ents regarding this burden estima1e or any orher aspect or 1his collectlon or information, including suggcsllons lor reduc in g !his. burden. 10 Washin.91on Headquarters Services, Oirectorate for Information Op erations an d Reports, 1215 Jefferson Oavis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington. VA 22202-4302, and to the Office or M aoagement and Budgel, Papecwork Reduction Project (0704 -0188) Washington. DC 20503. 1 1. AGENCY USE ONLV (Leave 2. REPORT DATE 3 . REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVER ED Blank) June 1999

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS Atlas of Rare Endemic Vascular Plants of the Arctic

6. AUTHOR(S) S.S. Talbot, B.A. Yurtsev, D.F. Murray, G"W. Argus, C. Bay, and A. Elvcbakk

7, PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(SJ AND ADDRESSES 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Pish and Wildlife Service U.S. Department oftbe Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological ResourcesDivision CAFF Techrtical Report N1). 3 Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna

I 9. SPONSORINGIMONITORJNG AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADORESSES 10. SPONSORING, MONITORING AGENCY REPORT NUM BER

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

12a. DISTRIBUTION /AVA ILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE Rclcasc unlimited. Availablc from the National Technical Informantion Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161 (1-800553-6847 or 703-487-4650). Available lo registered uscrss from tbe Defense Tech.nical Information Ceriter, Attn: Help Desk, 8722 Kingman Road, Suite 0944, Fort Belvoir. VA 22060-6218 (1-800-225-3842or 703-767-9050).

13. ABSTRACT (M axim um 200 words) The vascular flora of the Arctic was surveyed by specialists from cight Arctic countries to: ( l) identify rare taxa endemic to the region; (2) establish an annotated list of these taxa; and (3) determine the level of protection currently afforded these plants. ''Arctic" is defined as those lands beyond latitudinal t.ree line. Ni.nely-six rare endemic taxa were identifiecl. Information compiled for each includcd taxonomy, gcograpbic distribution, habilat preferences, biological characteristics, estimates of cndangcrmcnt, and citations of supporting literature. Gap analysis cletermined the relation of rare taxa to areas of protcctcd habitats. Taxa we.re grouped into three categories: (I) unprotected (no occurrences are wi.thin protected areas): (2) partially protected( some occurrences are within protected areas); and (3) protectcd (all occurrences are within protected areas). Results indicale that 47% of the rare endemics are unprotected, 23% partially protected, and 30% protected. According lo IUCN Red List threat categories,19% of the taxa are vulnerable, 29% near threatened lower risk, 26% least concern lower risk, l % endangered, and 24% data deficient. The majority of rare endemic taxa, 61 %., occur outside IUCN protected areas (categories I-V); 25% occur within strict nature/scientific reserves (IUCN catcgory l); 12% in managed nature reserves/wildlife sanctuaries (IUCN category IV); and 1.6% in nationalparks (IUCN category II).

14. SUBJECT TERMS (Keywords) 15. NUMBER OF PAGES iv+73 GAP analysis, Arctic, rare plants, International Union for Conservation of Nature. and Natural Resources, IUCN, species list, vascular plants, CAFF, Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna, 16. PRICE COOE threalened plants, maps

17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF 19. SECURITY CLASSIFICAT'ION OF 20, LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT OF REPORT THIS PAGE ABSTRACT Unclassified Unclassified Unclassified Unclassified

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