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Morphometric analysis and runoff studies of Darna lake catchment A Thesis Submitted to Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth, Pune For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) (Vidyavachaspati) in Geography Under the Faculty of Moral and Social Sciences By Jyoti Anilkumar Pathare Research Student Under the Guidance of Dr. Sunil W. Gaikwad Associate Professor Department of Geography S. P. College, Pune. August, 2017 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the work incorporated in the thesis entitled, “Morphometric Analysis and Runoff Studies of Darna Lake Catchment” submitted by Mrs. Jyoti Anilkumar Pathare for award of Ph.D degree in Geography in faculty of moral and social science to the Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth, Pune, is her original work which was carried out by the candidate under my guidance and this work has not been submitted previously for any other degree or diploma to this or any other university. The material obtained from other sources have been duly acknowledged in this thesis. Place : Pune (Dr. Sunil W. Gaikwad) Date : 30/08/2017 Supervisor Associate Professor Department of Geography S.P. College, Pune, Pune- 411001 ii DECLARATION I hereby declare that the thesis entitled “Morphometric Analysis and Runoff Studies of Darna Lake Catchment” is the original research work carried out by me under the guidance of Dr. Sunil W. Gaikwad for the award of Ph.D. degree in Geography to the Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth, Pune. This has been not submitted previously for the award of any degree or diploma in any other university. Place : Pune (Jyoti Anilkumar Pathare) Date : 30/08/2017 Research student iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am deeply grateful to my respected guide Dr. Sunil W. Gaikwad, Associate Professor, Department of Geography, S.P Collage, Pune for his unstinted moral support, valuable guidance, kindness, help, encouragement and devotion to my work. I find these words inadequate to express my heartfelt gratitude. I am highly indebted to him. I appreciate to his valuable criticism and concern in the progress and presentation of my thesis and useful suggestions at every stage of this research work. I am grateful to Dr. Shrikant Karlekar, Former Dean and Head Department of Geography, Dr. Bhagyashri M. Yargop and Dr. Sunanda Yadav, Head Ph.D. Section, Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth, Pune for their valuable support and useful suggestions during my research work. I acknowledge with deep gratitude for the kind support given by the Gokhale Education Society Nashik, honorable Sir. Dr. M.S. Gosavi, Secretary G. E. Society, Dr. Deepti Deshpande for providing me an opportunity to complete my research work. I express my sincere gratitude towards the Principal V. N. Suryavanshi, H.P.T. Arts and R.Y.K. Science College, Nashik who extended esteem co-operation without which the present work would not have been completed. I express my sincere thanks to Vice-Principals Dr. S. R. Kandelwal and Mrs. Rupan Singh for their unfailing support during my research work. I am thankful to Head, Department of Geography Prof. P. S. Hire and other teaching and non-teaching staff. I would like to thanks for administrative staff, Department of Geography, S.P. Collage Pune and Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth, Pune for providing necessary facilities for research. A number of people were most helpful in bringing this work, my thanks to Prof. Sunitha Menon, Prof. Ganesh Dhavale, Prof. Vinayak Pagar, Dr. Bharat Gadakh, Prof. Rukhmini Mane, my students and many others for their valuable assistances and suggestions. I am very much thankful to Mr. Manoj Pawar for assistance and preparing cartography work. My sincere and heartfelt thanks to various departments like Hydrological Department MERI Nashik, Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Igatpuri, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing Library Dehradun, Library H.P.T. Arts iv and R.Y.K. Science College Nashik, for making me easy access to various books, data collection, references and field work during my research. I take the opportunity to record my intellectual gratitude to learned scholars whose materials provided inspiration at different stages. My acknowledgement would not be completed if I didn’t mention my beloved husband Dr. Anilkumar Pathare and my daughter Sanskriti for unstained support kind co-operation, affectionate, moral support and encouragement during my research work. Finally, I am thankful to my family members, friends and all those who might have inadvertently failed to mention here, but have made positive contribution in successful completion of this research work. (Jyoti Anilkumar Pathare) Research Student v CONTENTS Title Page No. Cover Page i Certificate ii Declaration iii Acknowledgement iv Contents vi List of Tables vii List of Figures viii List of Appendices ix List of Photographs x Abstract xi Chapter I - Introduction 01-21 Chapter II- Study Area and Methodology 22-43 Chapter III- Morphometric Analysis of Darna Lake 44-67 Catchment Chapter IV- Estimation of Surface Runoff 68-87 Chapter V- Prioritization of Sub basins for Conservation 88-107 Planning Chapter VI- Discussion, Conclusions and Recommendations 108-124 Bibliography 125-143 Appendices 144-188 Photographs vi LIST OF TABLES Table No. Description Page No. 2.1 Month wise Average Annual Rainfall Darna lake 29 catchment 1976-2014 2.2 Month wise Average Temperature of Darna lake 32 Catchment 1999-2015 3.1 Methods of Calculating Morphometric Linear Parameters 46 3.2 Stream Number and Stream Length 48 3.3 Morphometric Analysis - Linear aspect in Darna Lake 49 Catchment 3.4 Methods of Calculating Morphometric Areal Parameters 50 3.5 Index of Elongation Ratio of Darna Lake Catchment 52 3.6 Darna Lake Catchment Stream Frequency 54 3.7 Area Ratio Analysis 54 3.8 Areal Aspects of Darna Lake Catchment 56 3.9 Relief Aspects - Absolute Relief 60 3.10 Relief Aspects- Relative Relief 60 4.1 Coefficients for Darna Lake Catchment 77 4.2 Priority Levels Ranking Result of Peak Surface Runoff 83 5.1 Prioritization Compound Ranking Result of Morphometric 95 Analysis 5.2 Prioritization Compound Scores Result of Morphometric 101 Analysis and Peak Surface Runoff 6.1 Suggested Catchment Area Treatment Plan (CAT) for 119 Darna Lake Catchment vii LIST OF FIGURES Fig. No. Description Page No. 2.1 Location Map of the Study Area 24 2.2 Geology Map 26 2.3 Relief Map 27 2.4 Average Annual Rainfall 1976-2014 30 2.5 Rainfall Map 31 2.6 Average Temperature 1999-2015 32 2.7 Darna River and Major Tributaries 34 2.8 Soil Map 35 2.9 Natural Vegetation 37 3.1 Stream Order-wise Drainage Pattern 47 3.2 DEM 58 3.3 Absolute Relief Map 59 3.4 Relative Relief Map 61 3.5 Dissection Index Map 63 3.6 Percentage Slope Map 64 3.7 Geomorphic Map 66 4.1 Land Use / Land Cover Map 78 4.2 Sub-basin Codes 79 4.3 Sub-basins and Village Boundary Overlay Map 81 5.1 Prioritization of Sub-basins for Conservation Planning 98 (Based on Morphometric Analysis) 5.2 Prioritization of Sub-basins (Based on Peak Surface Runoff) 100 5.3 Composite Score Map (Based on Morphometric Analysis 105 and Peak Surface Runoff) 6.1 Darna Lake Catchment Area Treatment (CAT) Plan Map 122 viii LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix No. Description Page No. A Darna Lake Catchment Average Rainfall 1976-2014 144 B Darna Lake Catchment Average Maximum 146 Temperature 1999-2015 C Darna Lake Catchment Average Minimum 147 Temperature 1999-2015 D Sub Basin-wise Morphometric Analysis of Darna Lake 148 Catchment D1 Morphometric Analysis of Darna Lake Catchment 159 E Sub Basin-wise Priority Analysis based on Peak 165 Surface Runoff of Darna Lake Catchment F Sub Basin-wise Surface Peak Surface Runoff 171 Estimation G Sub Basin-wise Surface Land Use /Land Cover 177 H Sub Basin-wise Slope Area 183 ix LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS Photo No. Description 1 Darna River Channel 2 Darna River Meandering Channel at Ghoti Bridge 3 Darna River Meandering Channel and harvested Paddy crops 4 Slope Morphology in Study area 5 Wasteland and Scrubland 6 Wasteland at Ubhade Village in Study area 7 Wasteland at Dhamangaon Village in Study area 8 Gully erosion in Study area 9 Agriculture land and crop along Darna River Channel 10 Settlement Pattern 11 Relief Morphology and Natural Vegetation 12 Mesa, Buttes Relief Features and Natural Vegetation 13 Darna Lake Reservoir 14 Darna Lake Reservoir Wall 15 Darna River Wide Channel 16 Barren Land at Samnere Village in Study area x CHAPTER-I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Review of literature 1.3 Selection of the problem 1.4 Objectives 1 CHAPTER-I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction: The quantitative analysis of morphometric properties of a drainage basin has been useful in many application studies like estimation of runoff, flood discharge, ground water recharge, sediment yield soil as well as water conservation, environmental analysis etc. The various morphometric properties depend on several aspects like geology, tectonics, vegetation and climate etc. The quantitative analysis of morphometric parameters is found to be of immense utility in river basin evaluation, watershed prioritization for soil and water conservation and natural resources management. The influence of drainage morphometric system is very significant in understanding the landform processes, soil physical properties and erosion characteristics. The drainage characteristics reflect the influence of variation of these determinants such as topography, climate and geology from place to place. Detailed morphometric analysis provides an insight on basin evolution and further it is role on development of drainage morphometry on landforms and their characteristics. It is a vital tool in any hydrological investigation like assessment of groundwater potential and management, pedology and environmental assessment. In the assessment of hydro geomorphic characteristics of a drainage basin, knowledge of relief and drainage characteristics have to be assessed because these characteristics provide very basic information of physical make up of a basin and help to infer hydrodynamics of a basin.The morphometric approach involving the analysis of Digital elevation model has largely helped in the logical assessment of hydrological character of the basin.

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