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Status of Water Quality in India 2009, Central Pollution Control Board

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Status of Water Quality in India 2009, Central Pollution Control Board Monitoring of Indian Aquatic Resources Series: MINARS/ /2009-10 STATUS OF WATER QUALITY IN INDIA- 2009 CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD Ministry of Environment & Forests Parivesh Bhawan, East Arjun Nagar, Delhi-110 032 Website : http://www.cpcb.nic.in e-mail : [email protected] CONTRIBUTIONS Supervision and Co-ordination : Shri J.S. Kamyotra, Member Secretary Dr. D.D. Basu, Scientist `E’ Mr. R.M. Bhardwaj, Scientist `D’ Report Preparation : Ms. Sandhya Shrivastava, Junior Research Fellow Ms. Shweta Gaur, Junior Research Fellow Ms. Garima Dublish, Senior Research Fellow Mr. Ankur Rajpal, Senior Research Fellow Ms. Alpana Narula, Junior Scientific Assistant Ms. Suniti Parashar, Senior Scientific Assistant Data Entry By : Mr.Rakesh Kumar, Data Entry Operator Ms.Sarita Kumari, Data Entry Operator CONTENTS Page Executive Summary I-XII Introduction & Methodology of National Water Quality Monitoring Chapter I 1-14 Programme 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Water resources of India 1.2.1 Surface Water 1.2.2 Ground Water 1.3 Water Quality Monitoring Programme 1.3.1 Objectives 1.3.2 Monitoring Network 1.3.3 Parameters Observed 1.3.4 Frequency of Monitoring 1.3.5 River Basin wise Distribution of Water Quality Monitoring Stations 1.4 Approach to Water Quality Management 1.4.1 Water Quality Criteria for Bathing Reaches in River Chapter II Water Quality Trend in India 15-23 2.1 Water Quality Trend 2009 2.2 Biochemical Oxygen Dem& (BOD) 2.3 Total Coliform (TC) 2.4 Faecal Coliform (FC) 2.5 Water Quality Trend (1995-2009) 2.6 Water quality Trend of BOD in Rivers Chapter III Water Quality of Rivers at a Glance 24-33 3.1 Observed Water Quality 3.2 Organic & Pathogenic Pollution 3.3 Other parameters 3.4 Groundwater Quality Chapter IV Identification of Polluted River Stretches 34-35 4.1 Concept of water quality management 4.2 Methodology & criteria for identification of polluted stretches Chapter V Water Quality of Rivers in Indus Basin 36-45 5.1 Indus River System 5.2 Water Quality Monitoring in Indus Basin 5.2.1 Water Quality of river Beas 5.2.2 Water Quality of river Satluj Water Quality of tributary streams Ravi, Parvati, Largi, Sirsa, Swan, Siuel, 5.2.3 Suketi Khad, Neugal, Binwa, Tawi & Chenab Page Chapter VI Water Quality of Rivers in Ganga Basin 46-72 6.1 Ganga River System 6.2 Water Quality Monitoring in Ganga Basin 6.2.1 Water Quality of river Ganga 6.2.2 Water Quality of river Yamuna 6.2.2.1 Major Water Quality Segments 6.2.2.2 Critical Segments 6.2.2.3 Water Quality of river Yamuna Water Quality of tributary streams Ramganga, Gomti, Sai, Saryu, 6.2.3 Ghaghara, Rihand, Gandak, Daha, Sirsa, Farmar & Burhigandak Water Quality of tributary streams Kalinadi (E), Kali (W), Hindon, Betwa, 6.2.4 Kalisot, Chambal, Tons, Gohad Dam, Khan, Batta, Kolar, Kshipra, Sankh, Sindh, Sone, Churni, Rapti, Sikrana, Dhous & Govind Sagar Water Quality of tributary streams Barakar, Rupanarayan, Mahananda, Bokaro, Konar, Dwarakeshwar, Dwarka, Harbora, Jalangi, Kamala, Kansi, 6.2.5 Koshi, Manusmar, Matha Bhanga, Mayurkashi, Ramrekha, Silabati & Vindhyadhari Chapter VII Water Quality of Rivers in Brahmaputra Basin 73-85 7.1 Brahmaputra River System 7.2 Water Quality Monitoring in Brahmaputra Basin 7.2.1 Water Quality of river Brahmaputra 7.2.2 Water Quality of River Dhansiri and its tributary atreams Dzu & Chathe Water Quality of tributary atreams Subansiri, Kharsang, Burhidihing, 7.2.3 Pagldia, Digboi, Jai Bharali, Kolong, Manas, Disang, Jhanji, Bhogdoi, Mora Bharali, Borak, Bharalu, Deepar Beel & Kathakal Water Quality of tributary streams Teesta, Dikchu, Maney Khola, Ranichu, 7.2.4 Kundli, Dikhow, Kohora, Boginadi, Ranga, Pachnai, Kapili, Beki, Sankosh, Barak, Sonai, Kushiyara Karola & Kaljani Chapter VIII Water Quality of Rivers in Mahi Basin 86-89 8.1 Mahi River System 8.2 Water Quality Monitoring in Mahi Basin Water Quality of River Mahi and its tributary streams Anas, Shivna, 8.2.1 Jammer, Malei & Chillar Chapter IX Water Quality of Rivers in Sabarmati Basin 90-97 9.1 Sabarmati River System 9.2 Water Quality Monitoring in Sabarmati Basin 9.2.1 Water Quality of River Sabarmati 9.2.2 Water Quality of tributary streams Shedi & Khari Chapter X Water Quality of Rivers in Narmada Basin 98-104 10.1 Narmada River System 10.2 Water Quality Monitoring in Narmada Basin Water Quality of River Narmada and its tributary streams Chota Tawa, 10.2.1 Kunda, Gour & Katni Page Chapter XI Water Quality of Rivers in Tapi Basin 105-115 11.1 Tapi River System 11.2 Water Quality Monitoring in Tapi Basin Water Quality of River Tapi and its tributary streams Girna, Rangavali, Kim 11.2.1 & Denwa Chapter XII Water Quality of Rivers in Mahanadi Basin 116-130 12.1 Mahanadi River System 12.2 Water Quality Monitoring in Mahanadi Basin 12.2.1 Water Quality of River Mahanadi Water Quality of tributary streams Seonath, Kharoon, Hasdeo, Arpa, Kelo, 12.2.2 Ib,Bheden, Kuakhai, Kathajodi,Tel And Birupa Chapter XIII Water Quality of Rivers in Brahmani & Baitarni Basin 131-140 13.1 Brahmani & Baitarni River System 13.2 Water Quality Monitoring in Brahmani & Baitarni Basin Water Quality of River Brahmani and its tributary streams Koel, Karo, 13.3 Sankha, Kharasrota & Aul 13.4 Water Quality of River Baitarni and its tributary Kusei Chapter XIV Water Quality of Rivers in Subarnarekha Basin 141-143 14.1 Subarnarekha River System 14.2 Water Quality Monitoring in Subarnarekha Basin 14.3 Water Quality of River Subarnarekha and its tributary Jumar Chapter XV Water Quality of Rivers in Godavari Basin 144-165 15.1 Godavari River System 15.2 Water Quality Monitoring in Godavari Basin 15.2.1 Water Quality of River Godavari Water Quality in triburaty streams Indravati, Shankini, Manjeera, Maner, 15.2.2 Wardha, Wainganga, Kolar, Kanhan, Purna, Nira, Kinnersani & Sabari Chapter XVI Water Quality of Rivers in Krishna Basin 166-188 16.1 Krishna River System 16.2 Water Quality Monitoring in Krishna Basin 16.2.1 Water Quality of River Krishna 16.2.2 Water Quality of tributary streams Panchganga & Bhima Water Quality of tributary streams Ghatprabha, Malprabha, Nira, Venna, Koyna, Mula, Mula-Mutha, Mutha, Pawana, Indrayani, Tunghabhadra, 16.2.3 Tungha, Bhadra, Musi, Palleru, Muneru, Chandrabhaga, Kagina, Nakkavagu, Hundri & Kundu Chapter XVII Water Quality of Rivers in Penneru Basin 189-192 17.1 Penneru River System 17.2 Water Quality Monitoring in Penneru Basin 17.2.1 Water Quality of River Penneru Page Chapter XVIII Water Quality of Rivers in Cauvery Basin 193-200 18.1 Cauvery River System 18.2 Water Quality Monitoring in Cauvery Basin 18.2.1 Water Quality of river Cauvery Water Quality of tributary streams Yagachi, Hemavati, Shimsa, Akravati, 18.2.2 Lakshmantirtha, Kabbani, Bhavani And Amravati Chapter XIX Water Quality of Medium & Minor Rivers, Canals & Creeks 201-216 19.1 Medium & Minor River System 19.2 Water Quality of Medium & Minor Rivers in Gujarat & Daman 19.3 Water Quality of Medium & Minor Rivers in Goa & Maharashtra 19.4 Water Quality of Medium & Minor Rivers in Kerala Water Quality of Medium & Minor Rivers in Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, 19.5 Pondicherry, Tamilnadu & Karnataka Water Quality of Medium & Minor Rivers in Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, 19.6 Haryana, Chandigarh & Rajasthan Water Quality of Medium & Minor Rivers in Manipur, Mizoram, 19.7 Meghalaya & Tripura 19.8 Water Quality of Creeks, Sea Water, Canals & Drains 19.8.1 Water Quality of Creeks & Sea Water 19.8.2 Water Quality of Canals & Drains Chapter XX Water Quality of Lakes, Tanks & Ponds 217-225 20.1 Lantic Water Bodies Water Quality of Lakes, Tanks & Ponds in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, 20.2 Kerala, Tamilnadu, Pondicherry & Goa Water Quality of Lake, Pond & Tank in Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh & 20.3 Rajasthan Water Quality of Lake, Pond & Tank in Chandigarh, Haryana, Himachal 20.4 Pradesh, Punjab, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Orissa & West Bengal Water Quality of Lake, Pond & Tank in Assam, Manipur, Tripura & 20.5 Meghalaya Chapter XXI Assessment of Groundwater Quality 226-242 21.1 Ground Water Quality Monitoring 21.2 State wise Groundwater Quality Monitoring 21.3 Status of Ground Water Quality in Andhra Pradesh 21.4 Status of Ground Water Quality in Assam 21.5 Status of Ground Water Quality in Mizoram 21.6 Status of Ground Water Quality in Manipur 21.7 Status of Ground Water Quality in Tripura 21.8 Status of Ground Water Quality in Chhattisgarh 21.9 Status of Ground Water Quality in Madhya Pradesh 21.10 Status of Ground Water Quality in Himachal Pradesh 21.11 Status of Ground Water Quality in Chandigarh 21.12 Status of Ground Water Quality in Punjab 21.13 Status of Ground Water Quality in Kerala Page 21.14 Status of Ground Water Quality in Tamil Nadu 21.15 Status of Ground Water Quality in Pondicherry 21.16 Status of Ground Water Quality in Daman 21.17 Status of Ground Water Quality in Dadra Nagar Haveli 21.18 Status of Ground Water Quality in Maharashtra 21.19 Status of Ground Water Quality in Gujarat 21.20 Status of Ground Water Quality in Rajasthan 21.21 Status of Ground Water Quality in Uttar Pradesh 21.22 Status of Ground Water Quality in Orissa 21.23 Status of Ground Water Quality in Bihar 21.24 Status of Ground Water Quality in West Bengal • Annexure-I Water Quality Data Page 1-38 • River Basins -Indus, Ganga, Brahmaputra, Mahi, Sabarmati, Narmada, Tapi, Mahanadi, Brahmani and Baitarni, Subarnarekha, Godavari, Krishna, Penneru & Cauvery • Medium & Minor Rivers, Canals, Creeks/Sea water and Drains • Statewise - Lakes, Tanks and Ponds • Statewise – Groundwater Annexure-II River Basin wise distribution of Water Quality Monitoring Stations EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The water quality data on rivers, lakes, ponds, tanks and groundwater locations being monitored under the network is evaluated against the water quality criteria and the monitoring locations in exceedence with respect to one or more parameters are identified as polluted and require action for restoration of water quality.
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