sign in sign up
<<
Home , Aswapuram, Darna River, Dummugudem, Eastern Ghats, Godavari River, Mahabubabad

LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT, PHASE-I

WAPCOS LIMITED (International Consultant in water Resources Power and Infrastructure, Development) 76-C, Sector – 18, Institutional Area, Gurgaon, Haryana, , Tele-fax : + 91-124-2399427 E-mail: [email protected]

CONTENTS

DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (DETAILED PROJECT REPORT)

CONTENTS CHECK LIST

SALIENT FEATURES

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 2 PHYSICAL FEATURES

CHAPTER 3 INTERSTATE ASPECTS

CHAPTER 4 SURVEY AND INVESTIGATIONS

CHAPTER 5

CHAPTER 6 HYDRO-

CHAPTER 7 DESIGN FEATURES & CRITERIA

CHAPTER 8 RESERVOIR SIMULATION & DIVERSION CAPACITY

CHAPTER 9 IRRIGATION PLANNING AND D&I REQUIREMENTS

CHAPTER 10 COMMAND AREA

CHAPTER 11 FLOOD CONTROL

Contents ~ 1 ~ WAPCOS Limited DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

CHAPTER 12 DRAINAGE

CHAPTER 13 POWER

CHAPTER 14 NAVIGATION

CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME, MAN POWER & PLANT CHAPTER 15 PLANNING

CHAPTER 16 FOREIGN EXCHANGE ELEMENT

ENVIRONMENT & AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHAPTER 17 ASPECTS

CHAPTER 18 COST ESTIMATE

CHAPTER 19 FINANCIAL RESOURCES

BENEFIT COST RATIO, FINANCIAL RETURN & CHAPTER 20 INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN

CHAPTER 21 REVENUES

CHAPTER 22 FUTURE UTILIZATION OF BUILDINGS

Contents ~ 2 ~ WAPCOS Limited

SALIENT FEATURES

DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

SALIENT FEATURES

Sl. No. Particulars Details 1 Project Name Sita Rama Lift Irrigation Project (Phase – I), 2 Districts Benefitted , Bhadradri & Mahabubabad 3 State Telangana 4 Location Latitude 16° 45’ N - 18° 37’ N Longitude 79° 49’ E - 81° 48’ E 5 River 6 Average Rainfall of the Project Area 1045 mm 7 Anicut a) River Godavari b) Village Dummugudem c) Tehsil/Block Dummugudem d) District Bhadradri- Kothagudem e) Location 17° 52′ 26″ N, 80° 53′ 6″ E. f) Hydrology i) Catchment Area 281000 Sq. Km. ii) Water Availability at Anicut 50% Dependability 30014 MCM 75% Dependability 7130 MCM 8 Length of the Conveyor System i) Gravity Open Channel (Km) 327.0 ii) Tunnel (Km) 3.85 iii) Pumping Main (Km) 8.56 Total (Km) 339.41 9 Command Area Khammam, Districts & Mahabubabad a) New Ayacut 3,28,853 Ac./ 1,33,085 Ha

Salient Features (i) DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

Sl. No. Particulars Details b) Stabilization 3,45,534 Ac./ 1,39,836 Ha Total 6,74,387 Ac./2,72 ,921 Ha 10 Land Acquisition i) Private Land 4818 Ha ii) Government Land 2128 Ha iii) Forest Land 1531 Ha 11 Maximum Discharge of feeder 255 Cumecs 12 Power Requirement 715 MW 13 Annual Energy Requirements 1235.31 MU 14 Annual Energy Cost Rs. 617.65 Crores 15 Project Cost Rs. 13384.80 Crores 16 Benefit-Cost Ratio 1.60 17 Financial IRR (%) 18.47 %

Salient Features (ii) CHAPTERCHAPTER-1-3 Introduction DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

CHAPTER–1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 GENERAL

The is mainly driven by agriculture. About 73% of the population is rural. The economy of the state is predominantly agrarian; agriculture contributes about 50% of the state’s income and employs about 70% of the work force. Since agriculture is the main activity and it has close links with the development in other sectors, for overall economic progress of the state, achieving faster agricultural growth is imperative. Therefore, there is an urgent need for increasing food and fiber production to meet the demands of increasing population as well as providing rural employment. Development of irrigated agriculture has played a major role in the economic growth and poverty alleviation through successive plan periods. These can be achieved by expanding and improving the irrigation sector, exploiting the considerable water resources, with which the state is blessed. Two major rivers of India, the Godavari and and their , flow through the state, providing irrigation. Farmers in Telangana mainly depend on rain-fed water sources for irrigation. Rice is the major food crop. Other important crops are cotton, sugar cane; mango and tobacco are the local crops.

Telangana is situated on the , in the central stretch of the eastern seaboard of the Indian Peninsula. It covers 114,800 square kilometres (44,300 sq mi). The is drained by two major rivers, with about 79% of the Godavari River catchment area and about 69% of the catchment area, but most of the land is arid. Telangana is also drained by several minor rivers such as the , the Manjira and the Musi between the two rivers Godavari and Krishna.

The Godavari River enters Bhadradri- Kothagudem district from JayaShankar- Bhupalapalli district and flows nearly 250 km across the district. Bhadradri- Kothagudem district is one of the "Coal mining districts of India". The district has the Singareni Colleries head town, Kothagudem which is also called "Coal town of ." It is currently a part of the Red Corridor. Doli Gutta, at 965 m the highest

Vol-I/Chapter-1: Introduction 1-1 WAPCOS Limited DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

point in Telangana, is located at the northern end of the district. In 2006 the Indian government named Khammam one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the districts in Telangana currently receiving funds from the Backward Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).

Bhadradri- Kothagudem, Khammam and Mahaubabad Districts are endowed with Agro climatic and soil conditions in which a wide range of horticulture crops like mango, banana, cashew, coconut, oil palm, cocoa, pepper etc. are grown. Production and distribution of various kinds of fruits, vegetables and flowers and their seeds are the major activities supported by the horticulture Department. The erstwhile has only one major irrigation project namely Nagarjuna Sagar Project (NSP) and there are some medium irrigation projects like:

I. Kinnersani reservoir II. Wyra III. Thaliperu IV. BayyaramV.Bathupally VI. Lankasagar VII. Mukamamidi VIII. Pedawagu IX. Palair reservoirX. PalamVagu ProjectXI. ModikuntaVaguProject. Apart from these there are some minor irrigation tanks also available in the Bhadradri - Kothagudem& Khammam Districts. The combined irrigation potential of all these schemes is about 9.5 Lakh Acres out of about 16 Lakh Acres irrigation potential of the district. In order to harness the remaining irrigation potential of about 6.5 Lakh Acres and also to stabilization of some of the schemes suffering Ayacut, the present project “Sita Rama Lift Irrigation Project” has been formulated.

1.2 PROJECT RATIONALE

Telangana is a semi-arid area and has a predominantly hot and dry climate and it has a skewed distribution of rainfall in space and time. Such situation has triggered exodus of people from rural area in search of livelihood towards urban areas. Statistics suggests that neither adequate concern nor due attention was paid in the past for the development of irrigation facilities in Telangana area. Due to long failure to harness the water resources potential for the area, Telangana is still remaining mainly as dry farming area and people are resorting to exploitation of groundwater for their irrigation needs. The use of Groundwater cannot provide a lasting solution because there is already over exploitation of groundwater. Tube-wells have not only gone deeper and deeper only but huge resources by the way of electrical energy are

Vol-I/Chapter-1: Introduction 1-2 WAPCOS Limited

DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

required to be employed for tapping the ground water. What is being exploited today in the name of water is the fossil water some over 15000-year-old heavily contaminated with fluoride and nitrate. How long this can go on? Because even if the state may have all money in the world to spend on this soon the underground water aquifers will exhaust.

There has been general emphasis on gravity (flow canal) irrigation according to the command ground levels. However, very large command able area exists in the middle reaches of Godavari covering uplands of Telangana State spread over the districts of Rangareddy, Medak, Nizamabad, , , , and Khammam where only lift irrigation is feasible. Most of these areas are backward and drought-prone areas as there is no permanent irrigation facilities even though there is adequate rainfall at some places.

Most of the command area now proposed under this project is some of the balance command area not covered by any other major, medium and minor irrigation schemes in that vicinity. These command areas, even though fertile, are mostly upland areas which cannot be served by gravity. Hence, in order to provide dependable and permanent irrigation facilities, the only alternative left is to lift the water in stages near the vicinity of various patches of command areas. The transfer of water through lift schemes and conveying it to water deficient, upland regions of Telangana is thus of strategic importance and a pressing need toward a more equitable development of water resources for irrigation and other water requirements.

Inview of above, earlier before the Bifurcation of , two projects namely (i) Rajiv Dummugudem Lift Irrigation Scheme (ii) Indira Sagar Rudramkota Lift Irrigation Scheme were proposed in order to harness the irrigation potential of left out ayacut from existing irrigation schemes, which is about 6.5 Lakh Acres out of which about 2 Lakh Acres was proposed to be covered by Rajiv Dummugudem Lift Irrigation Scheme and 1.25 Lakh Acres was proposed to be covered by Indira Sagar Lift Irrigation Scheme. Even after execution of this scheme, about 3.25 Lakh Acres will still remain to be covered by any future irrigation scheme. After bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh 7 Mandals of Khammam District were transferred to Andhra Pradesh and it was amalgamated in of Andhra Pradesh, in this process

Vol-I/Chapter-1: Introduction 1-3 WAPCOS Limited DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

the intake structure of proposed Indira Sagar Lift Irrigation Scheme went into administrative boundary of Andhra Pradesh. As such there is a need for revision of the Indira Sagar Scheme in order to avoid administrative difficulties in O&M between two adjoining states.

In view of above the present Telangana Government decided not only to integrate earlier proposed Indira Sagar and Rajiv Sagar Lift Irrigation Scheme into one lift irrigation scheme but also cover the Gap Ayacut which is not coming under any present or future irrigation scheme. It is in this context the present scheme is renamed as Sita Rama Lift Irrigation Scheme is being formulated to irrigate the Khammam, Bhadradri Kothagudem and Mahabubabad Districts. The project covers total command area of 2,72,921 Ha (New ayacut of about 1,33,085 Ha and Stabilization of about 1,39,836 Ha) in the first Phase. A part from irrigation, the scheme also provides drinking water and industrial supply to Bhadradri-Kothagudem and Khammam districts.

The Index map of the project area is given as Fig. 1.1.

TELANGANA INDIA

PROJECT AREA

Fig 1.1 Index Map of Project Area

Vol-I/Chapter-1: Introduction 1-4 WAPCOS Limited DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

1.3 PROJECT OBJECTIVES

Keeping in view the above issues and constraints and with an ambition to meet the desired quantum of 70 TMC (as per latest demand estimation) of water from River Godavari, for the development of backward areas in the state, the Irrigation & CAD Department of Govt. of Telangana outlined following objectives for the project.

a) Diversion of 70 TMC of Godavari water by lifting it to the lands on higher contour which is found to be economically viable, to bring large extents of lands in the basin under irrigation.

b) To Create an ayacut of about 6.74 lakhs acres in Khammam, Bhadradri Kothagudem and Mahabubabad Districts. Apart from irrigation, drinking water and industrial supply is also made through this scheme to Khammam and Bhadradi-Kothagudem Districts.

c) To stabilize shortfalls in planned utilization, under Stabilization of NSP, Wyra, and other Minor Irrigation Projects.

d) To restore the ground water level to its original state by the way of shifting from usage of groundwater for irrigation to usage of surface water and conjunctive use of groundwater for the same

1.4 COMMUNICATION

The proposed Lift Irrigation Project is proposed to withdraw water from Godavari River U/S of existing Dummugudem Anicut. The Dummugudem Anicut is located at Dummugudem Mandal in Bhadradri-Kothagudem district at 17° 52′ 26″ N and 80° 53′ 6″ E.

The project area has got good network of roads and Railways. The project area is about 350 Km from , 145 Km from Khammam and about 200 Km from Warangal. Bus service is also available from Khammam and Warangal to the study area. The nearest railway station to study area is Aswapuram which is located in and around 10-kilometer distance. Hyderabad and are the nearest Airports.

Vol-I/Chapter-1: Introduction 1-5 WAPCOS Limited DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

1.5 CLIMATE OF THE PROJECT AREA

Rainfall:

The average annual rainfall of the project area is 1045 mm, monthly rainfall ranges from 1.7 mm rainfall in December to 260.4 mm in July. July is the wettest months of the year. The mean seasonal rainfall distribution is 805.5 mm in southwest monsoon (June-September), 155.9 mm in northeast monsoon (Oct-Dec),12.1 mm rainfall in winter (Jan-Feb) and 71.5 mm in summer (March – May). The percentage distribution of rainfall, season-wise, is 77.08% in southwest monsoon, 14.92 % in northeast monsoon, 1.16 percentage in winter and 6.84 % in summer.

The mean monthly rainfall and temperature distribution of the project area is given in Fig 1.2.

40.4 260.4 38.3 241.7 35.8 36.7 32.6 32.8 31.8 32.6 32 30.3 29.7 29 27.5 26.9 170.2 25.7 25.1 24.6 24.7 23.2 23 133.2 20.7 119.0 20.2 18 17.4

51.5 35.2 12.9 5.0 7.1 7.1 1.7

Rainfall Temperature Min Temperature Max Fig 1.2. Mean Monthly Rainfall and Temperature Distribution

Temperature:

The project area has an average annual temperature of 28.3°C. Project Area experiences typical Indian climatic conditions. Summer season is hot and the temperatures can climb rapidly during the day. Monsoon season brings certain amount

Vol-I/Chapter-1: Introduction 1-6 WAPCOS Limited

DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

of rainfall and the temperatures gradually reduce during this period. After the onset of the monsoon day temperatures are much lower and as the winter approaches they reduce further. The climate in the project area is generally dry and is very hot in May with temperature rising up to 52° C. Normally the temperature varies from 41° C in summer to 16° C in winter.

Humidity

Humidity is low as it is not located near the ocean. Conditions are generally dry during this period. During monsoon period, the relative humidity in the project area is high during the months of August and September; generally exceeding 75 per cent. The relative humidity is minimum in the month of May, which is the driest part of the year having relative humidity lower than 60%.

Cloudiness

In the study area, June to October is the period when more than half of the sky is covered with clouds, while only about ¼ of sky is clouded from January to March. Of the days in July and August, skies are overcast. In clear weather months of January to March, about 10-13 days are free of clouds.

Winds

Winds are generally light to moderate with some increase in force during the month of May and during southwest monsoon season. During the post monsoon season and the early half of the winter season, winds are very light and variable in direction in the mornings and mostly northeasterly to easterly in the afternoons. During the latter half of the winter season and in March-April, the morning winds continue to be lighter and variable in direction; the afternoon winds being mostly easterly to southeasterly. In May, winds are predominantly from west and in southwest monsoon season from west to northwest. In the study area the maximum & minimum mean wind speeds are about 5.1 km/hr and 1.5 km/hr respectively.

1.6 TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY OF STUDY AREA

The project is spread over one district of the state of Telangana located in Southern peninsular India. The Project area has an average elevation of 107 metres.

Vol-I/Chapter-1: Introduction 1-7 WAPCOS Limited DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

The geological formations indicate Super Group of Talchir formations with double bed and sandstone. The Gondwana are exposed in the eastern most part with Sullavai mostly occupying the central portion. The are present to the west. The Pakhel and the Penganga formations are sand-witched in between.

The regional strike of bedding is NW-SE and the dips are mostly towards northeast up to 30. The sullavis in the north strike N-S and dip at 25° towards the East. The granites have steep to vertical joints trending in (i) NW-SE, (ii) WNW-ESE and (iii) N 10° E – S 10° W, directions. The foliation of the gneissic granites trends in a N 10° W – S 10° E direction and has a dip of 75° to the west. The granites are mostly massive.

A number of faults have been deciphered in the area, out of which some are regional faults. Two of the faults in the area are regional, one trending in a NW-SE direction forming a boundary between the crystal lives and the sedimentaries and the other trending in a NNW-SSE direction passing through Murmur. There is considerable thinning of beds and offsetting along the faults with the development of mylonite.

1.7 LAND USE PATTERN

The Total Geographical area of 112.08 lakh hectares. The area under forest cover is 25.40 lakh hectares, constituting 22.66 %. of the geographic area. The proportion of area under forest was lower than the ideal ratio of one third of total geographical area, about 39.05 percent area is under cultivation (43.77 lakh hectares),12.50 percent area is under current fallow lands (14.01lakh hectares), 7.90 percent Land is put to non- agricultural uses (8.85 lakh hectares), 5.42 percent is barren and uncultivable (6.07 lakh hectares) ,7.18 percent falls under other fallows (8.05 lakh hectares) and the remaining 5.93 lakh hectares is under culturable waste, permanent pastures and land under miscellaneous tree crops and groves, Which together accounts for 5.29 % of total geographical area of the state.

AREA % to Geographical Sl.no Category (in Lakh Ha) Area 1 Total Geographical Area 112.08 100.00 2 Forest 25.40 22.66

Vol-I/Chapter-1: Introduction 1-8 WAPCOS Limited

DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

3 Barren and Uncultivable Land 6.07 5.42 4 Land Put to Non-Agri. Uses 8.85 7.90 5 Culturable Waste 1.82 1.62 Permanent Pastures and Other Grazing 6 2.99 2.67 Lands Land under Misc. Tree crops, Groves 7 1.12 1.00 not included in Net Area Sown 8 Other Fallow Lands 8.05 7.18 9 Current Fallow Lands 14.01 12.50 Net Area Sown* (including Fish 10 43.77 39.05 Culture)

Cropping intensity:

Cropping intensity is one of the indices for assessing the efficiency of agriculture sectors. The cropping intensity i.e. the ratio of Gross area sown to Net area sown during 2014-15 is 1.21. The level of cropping intensity moves in accordance with the behavior of the Monsoon and availability of water in irrigation sources.

Cropping Pattern:

In Telangana state crops are grown in both Kharif and Rabi seasons put together covering an area of 53.15 Lakh hectares. The important crops grown are Rice 14.15 Lakh ha, Maize 6.91 Lakh ha, Pulses 3.11 Lakh ha, Groundnut 0.12 Lakh ha., Cotton 16.93 Lakh ha, Chillies 0.73 Lakh ha, and Sugarcane 0.72 Lakh ha,etc. 75% of area is grown in kharif and the remaining area of 25% is cultivated in Rabi season during 2014-15.

Agriculture:

Agriculture is the mainstay in Telangana, as more than half of the State’s population depends on it for their livelihood. Agriculture and allied sector’s contribution to Gross Value Added at current prices for the year 2014-15 is about 14 percent.

Net Cropped Area (NCA) in Telangana in the year 2014-15 was 43.8 lakh hectares, while Gross Cropped Area (GCA) was about 53.2 lakh hectares. Out of the total GCA, 30.7 lakh hectares (58 percent) was under food crops and 22.5 lakh hectares (42 percent) was

Vol-I/Chapter-1: Introduction 1-9 WAPCOS Limited DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

under non-food crops. The important food grains cultivated in the State are rice, maize, jowar, bajra, pulses, etc. Cotton is an important non-food crop accounting for 32 percent of total GCA in the State.

Food grain crops (i.e., rice, wheat, coarse cereals and pulses) were cultivated in 26.1 lakh hectares in 2014- 15, with a production of 72.2 lakh tonnes of foodgrains. Cultivated area under rice crop was about 14.2 lakh hectares in 2014-15, with a production of 45.5 lakh tonnes. Area under pulses was 4.1 lakh hectares in 2014-15 with the production of 2.6 lakh tonnes. Other important crops in 2014-15 include coarse cereals occupying 15 percent of total GCA, followed by pulses 8 percent and oil seeds 9 percent.

The prospects in Rabi season appear to be even worse, as the area under food crops sown is 5.32 lakh hectares, as against the normal area of 10.08 lakh hectares, showing the deficiency of 47% over normal area. Paddy is the worst-hit crop due to prevailing adverse seasonal conditions.

Socio-Economic Aspects

Telangana is a State in the Southern region of India. It has an area of 1,12,077 sq. kms., after the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization (amendment) Act, 2014 (as per act No. 6 of 2014 its area was 1,14,840 kms.), and is the twelfth largest State in terms of both area and the size of the population in the country. Telangana acquired its identity as the Telugu speaking region of the princely State of Hyderabad, ruled by Nizam of Hyderabad during the British Raj, joined the Union of India in 1948. The Hyderabad State was dissolved as part of the linguistic reorganization of States, and the Telugu speaking part of Hyderabad State, known as Telangana, was merged with former to form Andhra Pradesh. Following a popular movement of separation, Telangana was awarded Statehood on 2nd June, 2014.

The State is bordered by the States of to the North and North-West and to the North, to the West, and Andhra Pradesh to the South, East and North-East. The major cities in Telangana State include Hyderabad, Warangal, , Karimnagar, Nizamabad, and Khammam.

The demographic, social and economic profile of the State is presented below.

Vol-I/Chapter-1: Introduction 1-10 WAPCOS Limited

DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

S.No Item Unit Telangana 1 Geographical Area Lakh Sq. Km 1.12 2 Population Crore 3.50 3 Decadal Growth Rate Percentage 13.58 4 Density of Population Population/Sq. Km. 312 5 Urban to Total Population Percentage 38.88 6 Rural to Total Population Percentage 61.12 7 Sex Ratio Females/1000 Males 999 8 Literacy Rate (LR) Percentage 66.54

Economic Overview

The share of Telangana’s economy in National GDP is 4.28 percent in 2016-17, as against 4.21 percent in 2015-16. A comparison of State GSDP growth with that of All India growth reveals that in 2012-13 Telangana grew at 2.7 percent, which is much lower than All India growth rate of 5.5 percent. However, since 2014-15, the growth rate of Telangana has picked up and registered higher growth than All India during subsequent years. Agriculture and allied sector registered a robust growth of 12.1 percent in 2016-17 prices, as against the dismal growth of (-) 6.3 percent observed in 2015-16 at constant (2011-12) prices. Industry sector grew at 7.5 percent in 2016-17 as against 5.5 percent registered in last year. Tertiary sector has registered a growth of 8.2 percent in 2016-17, as compared to the 11.4 percent recorded in 2015-16. Particular Unit 2015-16 Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) Constant (2011-12) Prices Rs. Crore 468656 Current Prices Rs. Crore 583117 Economic Growth Rate as per GSDP Constant (2011-12) Prices % 9.24 Per Capita Income Constant (2011-12) Prices Rs. 114212 Current Prices Rs. 143023

1.8 CHOICE OF PROJECT-BASIS- PURPOSE AND NEED

The need for Project has been considered in the context of increasing demand of irrigation and drinking water in the state of Telangana. The purpose of the project is to develop irrigation water supplies to about 6.74 Lakh ha culturable command area

Vol-I/Chapter-1: Introduction 1-11 WAPCOS Limited DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

spread over 3 districts by supplementing limited and erratic rainfall. The project would also provide the basis for better water management. The project would increase agricultural production and the standard of living of the farmers in the areas coming under this project.

1.9 INTIMATION TO THE OTHER DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES REGARDING THIS SCHEME

The central water commission (CWC) has already been apprised about the present project formulation and while formulation of this scheme the special care has been taken to adequately address the interstate water issue relating to this basin. As far as this project is concerned, it is unlikely that any interstate issue will arise, because the utilization has been kept within the riparian rights of Telangana within this basin.

1.10 PUBLIC ANNOUNCEMENT AND PUBLIC HEARINGS

Although, local people are well aware of the project but so far no formal public announcement and public hearing has been done. It is proposed to be taken up when EIA and EMP studies are taken up for this project.

1.11 INTERSTATE ASPECTS

The project has no interstate aspects, as the proposed project aims to utilize water share of Telangana and the project entirely lies within the territory of the state.

1.12 COST AND BENEFITS

The project Cost based on the CWC Guidelines were worked out after carrying out detailed design of the system and also lump sum costing have been taken in to account for some of the components of the scheme such as electro mechanical works. The overall cost of the scheme is about Rs. 13263.86 Crore. Similarly, the O & M Cost as well as annual revenue generation from the scheme has also been worked out and it is found that the O & M Cost will be about Rs. 620 Crores (per annum) in case the entire capital investment is done by state Government.

The first 3 years of the project have been reckoned as construction period. Hence the cropping pattern in vogue remains the same as in the current period. Commencing with the 7th year the farmer will start reaping the full benefit of assured water supply.

Vol-I/Chapter-1: Introduction 1-12 WAPCOS Limited DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

The extension activities should be geared from the very 1st year of construction to motivate the farmers to switch on to the proposed cropping pattern and adopt modern technology so that they follow the recommended practices and take full benefit of assured water supply.

Direct Benefits

i) Incremental Crop Production

The development of the Project would allow assured and intensive farming of the area under cultivation. Irrigation will also allow full use of the land which is not cultivated under current farming practices. The incremental production of crops from the developed land would be the benefit to the society. In addition, extra production will contribute to local food grains supplies and reduce regional and national food grains deficits.

ii) Increased Employment

The implementation of scheme will create employment opportunities in the project area. The employment is associated with improved farming practices as well as the construction of the proposed scheme. With irrigation additional farm labour would also be required as a result of higher cropping intensity through double cropping providing employment opportunities to local people within and outside the vicinity of the project area.

Indirect Benefits

This impact of project outcome accruing from several indirect and secondary non- farm benefits may originate from the production aspect of the project as the value added and employment opportunity generated by processing and new marketing activities, like transportation and storage services.

Also a major chunk of indirect benefit will come from the fact that some of the proposed water supply schemes which were planned earlier as standalone systems, now proposed to be connected by Project, will have reduced overall cost as the source of water for those projects will be nearer as compared to earlier proposal. This will

Vol-I/Chapter-1: Introduction 1-13 WAPCOS Limited DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

reduce the cost of water conveyance systems for these proposed water supply schemes.

The impact is also felt in the increase in family working hours and increase in employment opportunities of the wage earners, the latter get employment during slack season and higher wages during peak load period. Besides a great deal of indirect employment opportunities in the processing storage, transportation and marketing fields will also be generated in the non-farm activities, emanating from the output enhancement of the agricultural sector.

Other employment opportunity may emerge from the secondary or side effect of the project in the form of providing services for recreation, health, power, education facilities in the area.

Other social benefits are redistribution of income, eradication of poverty and increase in standard of living in the rural areas.

This will also reduce the tendency of migration of rural people to urban areas. The inclusion of indirect and secondary costs and benefits is very important element in the economic justification of the project, particularly in a new state like Telangana facing scarcity of water resource as surplus monsoon water flows down unutilized and as such, one of the most important purpose of the project is to absorb the unused water resource and under used factors of production and increase their efficiencies.

1.13 PUBLIC COOPERATION AND PARTICIPATION

In general, there is public cooperation to this scheme. No participation is there in the project, in respect of financial and other activities. In view of the benefits, the project is economically viable and an early implementation will help in reap the benefits early.

1.14 PROVISION FOR DOMESTIC AND INDUSTRIAL POWER SUPPLY

The proposed Sita Rama Lift Irrigation Project does not envisage power generation and as such there is no provision for domestic and industrial power supply.

Vol-I/Chapter-1: Introduction 1-14 WAPCOS Limited

CHAPTER-2 physical features

DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

CHAPTER-2 PHYSICAL FEATURES

2.1. GENERAL

Telangana is the 29th state of India, formed on June 2nd 2014. The state has an area of 1,12,077 Sq.Km and is the twelfth largest state in India with a population of 3,50,03,674 souls as per 2011 census. Hyderabad City will serve as the joint capital of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh States for up to the next ten years. The Telangana region was part of the Hyderabad state from Sept 17th 1948 to Nov 1st 1956, until it was merged with Andhra state to form the Andhra Pradesh state.

After decades of movement by the people of this region for a separate State, Telangana was ultimately created by passing the AP State Reorganization Bill in both houses of Parliament. Telangana is bordered by the states of Maharashtra to the north and north west, Chhattisgarh to the north, Karnataka to the west and Andhra Pradesh to the east and south. Its major cities include Hyderabad, Warangal, Nizamabad, Khammam, Karimnagar and .

Godavari and Krishna are the two major rivers in this state, besides having numerous lakes in this region. Telangana is also drained by other minor rivers such as Manair, Bhima, Dindi, Kinnerasani, Manjeera, Munneru, Moosi, Penganga, Praanahita, and Peddavagu and Taliperu. The area is divided into two main regions, the Eastern and the Deccan Plateau.

2.2. TOPOGRAPHY

Telangana is situated on the Deccan Plateau, in the central stretch of the eastern seaboard of the Indian Peninsula. It covers 1,12,077 Sq.Km. The region is drained by two major rivers, with about 79% of the Godavari River catchment area and about 69% of the Krishna River catchment area, but most of the land is arid. Telangana is also drained by other minor rivers such as Manair, Bhima, Dindi, Kinnerasani, Manjeera, Munneru, Moosi, Penganga, Praanahita, and Peddavagu and Taliperu.

Telangana comprises of 31 districts viz. Adilabad, Bhadradri- Kothagudem, Hyderabad, , , Jayashankar- Bhupalapalli, Jogulamba, ,

Vol-I/Chapter-2: Physical Features 2-1 WAPCOS Limited

DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I) Karimnagar, Khammam, Komaram Bheem, Mahabubabad, Mahabubnagar, , Medak, Medchal, Nagarkurnool, Nalgonda, Nirmal, Nizamabad, Peddapalli, Rajanna , Ranga Reddy, Sangareddy, , , , Wanaparthy, Warangal Rural, Warangal Urban, Yadadri districts. Most of the area is covered with dry and barren land. Upland crops are grown with the help of available tank water. Industrially this region is well-developed.

Topographically about 10% of the area in the State lies below 150 metres altitude. About 50% lies between 150 and 500 metres and nearly 10% between 500 and 600 metres both forming the plateau surface comprising of peneplain surfaces. About 30% of the area with an elevation above 600 metres is treated as hilly tract, in which 25% lies between 600 and 900 metres and the remaining at more than 900 metres above the sea level.

GEOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS

Geographically, the State can be divided into 2 natural regions.

a) The Deccan Plateau

The Deccan is a peninsular plateau located in central India that includes inland sections of the states of Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, , Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra and Karnataka. The Deccan Plateau makes up most of central and southern India. The Deccan Plateau limits to the high table land between the Narbada (Narmada) and Krishna rivers, where remnants of beds are to be found.

The mountain range is very tall and blocks the moisture from the southwest monsoon from reaching the Deccan Plateau, so the region receives very little rainfall. The eastern Deccan Plateau is at a lower elevation spanning the southeastern coast of India. It is an ancient plateau made of rocks of Archaean origin. This plateau region consists of whole Telangana region. The plateau extends largely between 200-500 metres altitude except in Ranga Reddy, Mahbubnagar, Nizamabad, Medak and Adilabad (West portion of Telangana region), where the plateau elevated between 500-900 metres.

Its forests are also relatively dry but serve to retain the rain to form streams that feed

Vol-I/Chapter-2: Physical Features 2-2 WAPCOS Limited

DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I) into rivers that flow into basins and then into the . Most Deccan plateau rivers flow south. Most of the northern part of the plateau is drained by the Godavari River and its tributaries, including the , starting from the Western Ghats and flowing east towards the Bay of Bengal. Most of the central plateau is drained by the , Krishna River and its tributaries, including the , which also run east. The southernmost part of the plateau is drained by the River, which rises in the Western Ghats of Karnataka and bends south to break through the Nilgiri Hills at the island town of Shivanasamudra and then falls into at Hogenakal Falls before flowing into the Stanley Reservoir and the Dam that created the reservoir, and finally emptying into the Bay of Bengal. The river valleys are densely populated, but the dry areas lying in between the rivers are often lightly settled. Irrigation is uneven because the rivers are rain-fed. Nevertheless, the volcanic soil of the north lends itself to cotton cultivation. Other cash crops include millet, oil-seeds, and wheat, and there are tea and coffee plantations in the south. Among major Deccan cities are Poona, Hyderabad, and Bangalore.

Generally, there is scanty rainfall in the southern part. Towards the northern part, a belt of , the coal deposits have been preserved along the lower Godavari trough and most of the area is covered by dry deciduous forests.

b) The

The Eastern Ghats lies in between the coastal plains and the deccan plateau, the Eastern Ghats begin from Khondomal-Simlipal hills of Orissa, pass through Telangana in a South-west direction and merge with Western Ghats near Nilagiris of Tamil Nadu. They consist of different types of hills and present themselves as a broken chain of hills unlike Western Ghats. In between the Godavari and the Krishna rivers, there is an almost clear break in the chain of Eastern Ghats. The Eastern Ghats pass through the erstwhile districts of Telangana namely Khammam, Nalgonda and Mahabubnagar.

The hills are closely formed and they rise high in the north, mostly above 750 m with a few peaks exceeding 1500 m elevation. The highest peak in these Ghats is Sambari Konda with an elevation of about 1530 m.

The Eastern 's river valleys are one of the most fertile regions of the country with

Vol-I/Chapter-2: Physical Features 2-3 WAPCOS Limited

DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I) several century-old civilizations and agricultural practices. A number of small rivers and streams are born on these hills which, flowing eastward, provide water sources to the Coastal plains in the north , celebrated for its natural splendour and scenic beauty. The northern hills of the Eastern Ghats are popularly known as Agency area which has been the abode of various hill tribes from very ancient times.

The hills of Eastern Ghats extending from the south of the Krishna river up to the Mahabubnagar district, are variously Nallamalais Erramalais, Lankamalais and Seshachalam. The Nallamalais are 112 Kms long and their height is 800 m. The region between the Nallamalais and Velikondas is a scanty rain area. There are no thick forests in this region.

Fig 2.1 Telangana Physical Map

2.3. GEOGRAPHICAL DISPOSITION OF THE BASIN

The biggest river of peninsular India and the second largest in the country, River Godavari, flows eastwards across the Deccan Plateau from Western Ghats. It rises in

Vol-I/Chapter-2: Physical Features 2-4 WAPCOS Limited

DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I) Sahyadris at an altitude of 1067 m above mean sea level at Triambakeshwar about 80 km from the in the Nasik district of Maharashtra. After flowing for about 1,465 km in a generally southeasterly direction through Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh, it falls into the Bay of Bengal, about 97 km below Rajahmundry. The state wise breakup of the Godavari basin area is given below:

STATE WISE DISTRIBUTION OF GODAVARI BASIN Maharashtra ; 5.7% Chhattisgarh; Telangana 10.7% Andhra Pradesh Karnataka ; Madhya Pradesh 10.2% Chhattisgarh Odisha Karnataka; 1.4% Maharashtra; Andhra Pradesh; 48.6% 4.9%

Telangana; 18.4%

Fig 2.2 State Wise Breakup of the Godavari Basin

Table 2.1 State Wise Breakup of the Godavari Basin Catchment As percentage Sl. No. Name of the state area (Sq.km) of total (%) 1 Maharashtra 152200 48.6 2 Telangana 57829 18.4 3 Andhra Pradesh 15372 4.9 4 Madhya Pradesh 31821 10.2 5 Chhattisgarh 33434 10.7 6 Odisha 17752 5.7 7 Karnataka 4405 1.4 Total 312812 100

The index map of the Godavari basin is given at Plate 2.1.

The Godavari basin, lies between latitudes 16º 16’ N and 22º 43’ N and longitudes 73º 26’ E and 83º 7’ E, extending over an area of nearly 3,12,812 square km, roughly

Vol-I/Chapter-2: Physical Features 2-5 WAPCOS Limited

CHAPTER-3 Interstate aspects DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

CHAPTER-3 INTER-STATE ASPECTS

3.1 GENERAL

The proposed scheme envisages construction of gravity Canals, Tunnels and Pumping mains by diverting Godavari water of about 70 TMC from the upstream of existing anicut at Dummugudem to irrigate about 6.74 lakh acres in Khammam, Bhadradri Kothagudem & Mahabubabad Districts of Telangana. Besides irrigation, the Project also envisages provisions for drinking water and industrial requirements of the project area.

As per the provisions made in Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal Award (GWDTA), the total allocation of water in the Godavari River for Telangana State & Andhra Pradesh is 1480 TMC out of which about 900 TMC is allocated to Telangana. Irrigation department identified present scheme for diverting about 70 TMC of water from Godavari River to irrigate about 6.74 lakh acres (New ayacut and Stabilization) in in Khammam, Bhadradri Kothagudem & Mahabubabad Districts in the first phase. The scheme covers total command area of 2,72,921 Ha in which the new command area is about 1,33,085 Ha and Stabilization of about 1,39,836 Ha.

3.2 GODAVARI RIVER SYSTEM

The river Godavari is an Inter State river, involving seven of the peninsular states, namely Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha.

About 64 km from its source, the Godavari receives the water of and at a short distance lower down the river, it gets out of the high rainfall zone of the Western Ghats and there is no further significant contribution to the river flow until about 150 km below when it receives the combined waters of the Pravara and Mula rivers. About 483 km lower down, Manjra river joins from the south. The river

Vol-I/Chapter-3: Interstate Aspects 3-1 WAPCOS Limited DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

Pranahita conveying the combined waters of the rivers Penganga, Wardha and Wainganga falls into the Godavari about 306 km below the confluence of Manjra River. About 48 km lower, the Godavari receives the water of the Indrāvati River. Both Pranahita and Indrāvati are major rivers in their own right. Sabari is the last major which falls into the Godavari 100 km above Rajahmundry.

The catchment of the first three sub-basins – the upper Godavari, the Pravara and the lies entirely in the State of Maharashtra. The drainage area of Manjira sub-basin is contributed by the three states of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Telangana. The middle Godavari sub-basin lies mainly in the state of Telangana. The Manair sub-basin lies completely within Telangana while the drainage area of Penganga sub-basin is contributed by Maharashtra and Telangana. Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra also contributes to Wardha and Pranahita sub-basins. Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh contribute to Lower Godavari sub-basin. The catchment area of the Indravati sub-basin lies partly in Chhattisgarh and partly in Odisha. The last sub-basin, Sabari lies in the territories of Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Odisha.

3.3 SHARING OF WATER OF GODAVARI BASIN AMONG THE PARTY STATES

The competitive claims of the riparian states for the utilization of the waters of Godavari River System have given rise to disputes among them in sharing of the waters. During 1951, the Planning Commission convened a conference with the representatives of the then riparian states of Bombay, Madras, Hyderabad, Madhya Pradesh and and brought about an agreement on the utilization of these waters.

However, subsequently with extensive territorial changes having come into force with the formation of new states on account of States Reorganization, the newly formed states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh became the riparian states in place of the old states of Bombay, Madras, Hyderabad, Mysore etc. In view of such territorial changes in the basin area, non-participation of the State of Odisha in the 1951 agreement and

Vol-I/Chapter-3: Interstate Aspects 3-2 WAPCOS Limited DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

the growing demands towards the utilization of basin waters by the riparian states, application for reference of the dispute to a Tribunal was made by the concerned states. In April 1969, the Central Government constituted the Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal and referred the disputes for adjudication.

Due to the pendency of this case before the tribunal, it was not possible for any state to get any of its Projects on Godavari and its tributaries cleared for taking up implementation, affecting the developmental activities in the basin. However, while the dispute was before the Godavari water disputes tribunal, the party states entered into a number of individual agreements from time to time for mutual adjustment of their claims, to enable sanction of projects for the utilization of the Godavari waters. The tribunal incorporated these agreements in their final adjudications and award.

The allocation of water of Godavari as stipulated in Godavari Water Distribution Tribunal Award among the party states is indicated in Annexure-3.1.

3.4 NET WATER AVAILABILITY AT THE PROPOSED SITE

The net availability of water to Telangana/Andhra Pradesh in the different sub basins of Godavari and at the project sites has been assessed keeping in view GWDT allocation of water for the upstream states.

As per the Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal (GWDT) report, dated 06th October 1975, the State of Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh have agreed to take up 3 projects namely (1) Lendi Project (2) Lower Penganga (3) Pranahita-Chevella (alternatively proposed as Barrage) at appropriate time with agreed water utilization.

The net water availability at 75% dependability at Dummugudem anicut for the present purpose considering utilization under ongoing and planned projects as mentioned above is 251.8 TMC and details of the same is described in Chapter 5- Hydrology.

Vol-I/Chapter-3: Interstate Aspects 3-3 WAPCOS Limited DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

B M stones or C.C of size 900 x 225 x 150 mm fixed in cement concrete (1:4:8) along the approved alignment are fixed at an interval of 500 m along the alignment. Centre line stones have been fixed at an interval of 100 m along the proposed alignment.

Demarcation stones have also been fixed at an interval of 500 m on either side of the alignment.

The topographical Survey has been carried out for the entire water conductor system using LiDAR Technology.

4.3.1. Techniques Used in Aerial LiDAR Survey

The technique of LiDAR is based upon flying helicopter upon the area of interest and operate laser scan from side to side. The receiver records the time taken by the pulse for picking up the laser pulse reflection value of the target pulse from emission till the reception by the receiver. It is also used to find the distance from the ground to the aircraft. The inertial system tracks the rotation of the aircraft in the three axes and the GPS tracks the actual location of the GPS in the real world. A set of points consisting of northing, easting and elevation is the result of the LiDAR survey.

LiDAR is an equipment through distance, location and angle and other observation data to access the three dimensional surface target coordinates directly

The Airborne LiDAR system includes:

 Differential GPS receiver  Inertial Measurement Unit  Scanners  Range Finders  Imaging Device  Central Control Unit Management System

Vol-I/Chapter-4: Survey and Investigation 4 - 4 WAPCOS Limited CHAPTER-5 hydrology DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

Table No. 5.3 - Utilization in sub basins Proposed Total Utilisation Proposed Utilisation Utilisation for for Ongoing and Sub basin for Ongoing Projects Future Projects Proposed projects MCM TMC MCM TMC MCM TMC Indravati 255.0 9.0 9827.0 347.0 10082.0 356.0 Penganga 1664.7 58.8 1562.6 55.2 3227.3 114.0 Wardha 1643.0 58.0 515.5 18.2 2158.5 76.2 Pranahita 4940.0 174.4 7765.4 274.2 12705.4 448.6 Middle Godavari 1806.3 63.8 1927.9 68.1 3734.2 131.9 Maner 3.9 0.1 4.4 0.2 8.3 0.3 Sub Total 10312.9 364.1 21602.8 763.0 31915.7 1127.1

The observed flow data at Perur (CA – 2,68,200 sq.km) has been reduced pro rata at Dummugudem project site (CA-2,81,000 sq.km) and the 75% dependable flow at the site is 1609 TMC (Annexure 5.4). The net water availability at Dummugudem anicut for the present purpose considering utilization under ongoing and planned projects as mentioned above are given in the Tabular form given under.

Table No. 5.4 - Net availability of water at Dummugudem Anicut 75% Proposed Net Proposed dependable Planned Upstream Utilisation Availability at flow at Perur Utilisation Units Commitments for Dummugudem reduced pro for Future Ongoing at 75% rata at Projects Dummugudem Kaleswaram Devadula Projects dependability MCM 45558 4531 1416 10312.9 21602.75 7130 TMC 1609 180 50 364.2 762.9 251.8

5.3. SEDIMENTATION

Since the structure at Dummugudem is only an anicut, the chance of facing any problem on account of sedimentation is quite remote and if at all encountered it is going to be quite insignificant. Therefore, detailed sedimentation study is perhaps not needed.

Vol-I/Chapter-5: Hydrology 5 - 6 WAPCOS Limited

DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

5.4. DIVERSION POTENTIAL

As the Dummugudem Diversion site on Godavari River is located below the confluence of Indravati river. As the proposed Dummugudem diversion scheme is located below the Central Water Commission maintained Perur G/D site where the data is available right from 1966-67 to 2012-13 (47 years) therefore it has been decided to use the data of CWC G&D at Perur after a preliminary check on flow data of other nearby sites. Since there is no system of mandatory downstream releases, the daily discharges observed at the site reflect the impact of upstream abstractions for projects already in operation. As no major/medium projects is reported to have come up in the Godavari basin in the last 10 years or so, the observed flow series is taken to be homogeneous and representative of the present scenario of u/s water development during the period of study.

5.4.1. METHODOLOGY ADOPTED FOR ESTIMATION OF DIVERSION POTENTIAL

The diversion potential has been assessed for two scenarios namely, present and future scenario. A brief description of the two scenarios considered for present study is given hereunder.

Present Scenario: For this scenario, the diversion potential is studied using the above daily flow data and a series of diversion canal capacity. The assessment is made for each 10-day period of the water year (June-May). However, potential is computed for the monsoon season assuming no surpluses to be available in the non-monsoon period.

This scenario takes into account only Environmental Flow Requirements (EFR) of the downstream reach. These are arbitrarily taken as 10 m3/sec. Such an assessment in a way assigns higher priority to environmental use and fixes upper limit for divertible quantity for irrigation for a given diversion capacity. No flow is set aside for d/s commitments of existing irrigation projects whose requirements are assumed to be met fully from additional flows generated from the downstream basin. This scenario also does not take into account the requirement of future upstream planned development within the basin. As such this scenario only depicts

Vol-I/Chapter-5: Hydrology 5 - 7 WAPCOS Limited DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

the upper bound of diversion potential for a given pumping capacity of the system which is possible to divert in the present condition without regard to downstream commitment as well as upstream future commitment.

Future Scenario:

In this scenario, the impact of future water uses both in the upstream and downstream have been taken into consideration. Naturally, with the further exploitation of water by the u/s states, the quantum and time window of water availability at the proposed diversion point on Godavari River is likely to shrink and thus reducing the opportunity for diversion. The future requirements of ongoing and contemplated projects in the d/s on the main Godavari will further constrain the diversion from Godavari River at the diversion site. In the absence of information on future development plans of u/s states, however, only an assessment of gross impact on monsoon availability and diversion potential is attempted considering Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal Report allocations. Thus in this scenario the both the upstream and downstream future as well as the present commitment has been taken into consideration with due regard to the upper bound of utilization by the co-basin states within the frame work of GWDTA.

5.4.2. Result of Diversion Potential

Following results have been obtained under the present and future scenarios:

Present Scenario:

As per conditions described in above section, for this scenario, the divertible quantity was assessed for a series of pumping capacity ranging from 150 cumecs to 700 cumecs on ten-daily basis (Refer Annexure 5.8(a) for details), for fifteen years (1998-99 to 2012-13). The summary of divertible quantity for this case is given hereunder. The number of pumping days for each pumping capacity are given in annexure 5.8(b). As can be seen from Annexure 5.8 (a), the divertable quantity varies with the pumping capacity and in the present scenario, which does not take into account the future upstream and downstream commitment, only a pumping capacity of 200 cumecs is sufficient to meet the targeted diversion quantity of 165

Vol-I/Chapter-5: Hydrology 5 - 8 WAPCOS Limited

DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

TMC. Since the future upstream and downstream commitment is necessary to be taken into consideration therefore it only shows the lower bound of the pumping capacity and upper bound of water availability for a given pumping capacity in the future. This scenario as such only serves as a guideline for adopting the pumping capacity for the proposed scheme. Further it is also evident from Annexure 5.5 (b) that the minimum number of days for which the pump must be operated even in the present condition to divert targeted amount of water with minimum pumping capacity.

Table 5.5 Assessment of Diversion Potential (Present Scenario) Average Diversion Potential at Diversion Potential Number of Assumed S.NO. Average(50%) at 75% Diversion Days Capacity dependabilty dependabilty at Full Capacity (Cumecs) (MCM) (TMC) (MCM) (TMC) (days)

1 150 1631 57.6 1594 56.3 132 2 175 1900 67.1 1860 65.7 133 3 200 2168 76.6 2123 75.0 133 4 225 2436 86.0 2381 84.1 132 5 250 2703 95.5 2641 93.3 131 6 275 2969 104.9 2899 102.4 130 7 300 3234 114.2 3155 111.4 130 8 400 4284 151.3 4188 147.9 127 9 500 5307 187.4 5213 184.1 122 10 600 6298 222.4 6202 219.0 118 11 700 7260 256.4 7117 251.3 113

The divertible quantities vary from year to year depending on the daily flow pattern in monsoon and are not necessarily related to total quantity available in monsoon. The diversion potential indicated here is the average and first quartile (approx. 75 % dependable) value of 15years’ period (1998-99 to 2012-13) and is obtained from detailed spreadsheet calculations.

Future Scenario:

As mentioned in earlier para this scenario takes into account both the present and future downstream as well as upstream commitment. Since the actual utilization pattern for the future contemplated projects both upstream and downstream by co- basin states are not known at this point of time, therefore the deduction for the

Vol-I/Chapter-5: Hydrology 5 - 9 WAPCOS Limited

DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

same has been made from the flow series on lump sum basis keeping the upper bound of utilization by any co-basin state. Keeping all these conditions in view, the diversion potential has been worked out for different pumping capacities and is presented below. The diversion potential for various pumping capacities for 15years’ data are given in Annexure 5.8 (b) and the number of pumping days for the future scenario is given in Annexure 5.7 (b).

Table 5.6 Assessment of Diversion Potential (Future Scenario) Average Diversion Potential at Diversion Potential Number of Assumed S.NO. Average (50%) at 75% Diversion Days Capacity Dependability Dependability at Full Capacity (Cumecs) (MCM) (TMC) (MCM) (TMC) (days)

1 150 1348 47.6 1293 45.7 82 2 175 1554 54.9 1450 51.2 80 3 200 1755 62.0 1599 56.5 79 4 225 1951 68.9 1742 61.5 78 5 250 2143 75.7 1862 65.8 77 6 275 2331 82.3 1969 69.5 76 7 300 2516 88.9 2070 73.1 75 8 400 3230 114.0 2428 85.8 72 9 500 3907 138.0 2723 96.2 69 10 600 4554 160.8 2970 104.9 66 11 700 5173 182.7 3129 110.5 64

As would be seen from above table, the diversion potential is dependent on pumping capacity. In order to divert a targeted quantity of 70 TMC of water at diversion site within the flood period spanning about 90-120 days in a year, the required pumping capacity works out to be about 250 cumecs. With this pumping capacity, it will be possible to divert about 70 TMC. Hence a canal capacity of 9000 cusecs (255 Cumecs) will be required at the intake and therefore, the same has been adopted for the present project.

Vol-I/Chapter-5: Hydrology 5 - 10 WAPCOS Limited

CHAPTER-7 design features and criteria for different river valley structures DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

CHAPTER -7 DESIGN FEATURES AND CRITERIA FOR DIFFERENT RIVER VALLEY STRUCTURES

7.1. GENERAL

Earlier before the Bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh, two project namely (i) Rajiv Dummugudem Lift Irrigation Scheme (ii) Indira Sagar Rudram kota Lift Irrigation Scheme were proposed in order to harness the irrigation potential of left out ayacut from existing irrigation schemes, which is about 6.5 Lakh Acres out of which about 2 Lakh Acres was proposed to be covered by Rajiv Dummugudem Lift Irrigation Scheme and 1.25 Lakh Acres was proposed to be covered by Indira Sagar Lift Irrigation Scheme. Even after execution of this scheme, about 2.55 Lakh Acres will still remain to be covered by any future irrigation scheme. After bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh 7 Mandals of Khammam District was amalgamated in West Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh, in this process the intake structure of proposed Indira Sagar Lift Irrigation Scheme went into administrative boundary of Andhra Pradesh. As such there is a need for revision of the Indira Sagar Scheme in order to avoid administrative difficulties in O&M between two adjoining states.

In view of above, Govt. of Telangana decided not only to integrate earlier proposed Indira Sagar and Rajiv Sagar Lift Irrigation Scheme into one lift irrigation scheme but also to cover the Gap Ayacut which is not coming under any present or future irrigation scheme. Accordingly, the project is now renamed as Sita Rama Lift Irrigation Scheme is being formulated to cover about 6.74 Lakh Acres of Khammam, Bhadradri Kothagudem & Mahabubabad Districts of Telangana in the first phase, in which it covers new ayacut of about 1,33,085 Ha and Stabilization of about 1,39,836 Ha.

The Project envisages construction of Head Regulator at Dummugudem Anicut and to draw water from Godavari through an approach channel with CBL at EL. 45 m. The Approach Channel with a length of about 0.75 Km has been designed with a design discharge of 255 Cumecs (9000 Cusecs) from the River soon after the regulator and thereafter designed a gravity canal for a length of about 10.50 km and then water will be lifted from proposed 1st pump house at Village B.G.Kothuru, Aswapuram (M)

Vol-I/Chapter-7: Design Features 7-1 WAPCOS Limited DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

with a discharge of 255 Cumecs (9000 cusecs) from El. 47 m to El. 72.18 m and then water will be flowing through a gravity canal for a length of about 33.10 Km crossing two major rivers Kinnerasani and Murredu at Chainage 36.25 Kms and 38.00 Km respectively and from proposed 2nd pump house at Ch. 43.900 Km near Village V.K.Ramavaram, H/O Pusugudem, Mulakalapally(M), Bhadradri-Kothagudem District with a discharge of about 250 cumecs is lifted from El. 62.464 to El 115 m to Delivery Cistern at Ch. 44.650 Km and then water will be flowing through a lined canal of about 12.575 Km length up to proposed 3rd Pump House at Km. 57.225, Kamalapuram and then water is lifted through the pumping main of about 1525 m from El. 113 m to El. 170 m to delivery cistern at Ch. 58.750 Km with a Discharge of about 210 cumecs. From this point, the Water conductor system consisting of Gravity canal and Tunnel has been proposed to irrigate the earlier proposed Rajiv Sagar Ayacut, including stabilisation of NSP, Wyra and Paleru projects with a ayacut of about 5,39,387 Ac (New ayacut of about 1,93,853 Acres and rest under stabilization).

From the same pump house at Kamalapuram, the water is lifted to El.200 to feed ayacut (Indira Sagar Ayacut of about 1,35,000 Acres) covering sathupally and enroute mandals through water conductor system. Fourth pump house has been proposed at Dibbagudem H/o Gandugulapally(V), Dammapeta(M) of Bhadradri-Kothagudem District village in which water will be lifted from El. 191.16 to El. 273.5 m which covers command area of about 60,000 acres. Second Pressure main from the same pump house will take off and water from this point (El. 191.16 m) will be lifted to El. 226.5 m to cover an ayacut of 25000Ac.

Total Stabilization of Major and Medium projects like NSP, Wyra, Lankasagar and Paleru is of about 2,76,660 Acres. Other minor irrigation schemes and PR Tanks where there is no assured irrigation source for an area of about 97,158 Ac. will also be stabilised through this scheme. Also, provision for Industrial and Drinking Water Supply has also been taken into account.

Apart from this, the present scheme envisages construction of Pump Houses, Regulators, Offtakes, Cross Drainage and Cross Masonry works across the main Canal wherever required. The Layout Map of Phase-I of Sita Rama Lift Irrigation Project is appended as WAP/WRD/SRLIS/DWG/PLATE-1.

Vol-I/Chapter-7: Design Features 7-2 WAPCOS Limited DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

The design features of the scheme are described in the ensuing paragraphs and typical designs of the same are appended at the end of this chapter.

7.2. DESIGN OF STRUCTURES

The Present Report envisages the construction of following.

(i) Construction of Head Regulator (ii) Construction of Lined Canal (iii) Construction of Four Pump Houses (iv) Delivery Cisterns (v) Laying of Pumping Main (vi) Cross Drainage works across Main Canal. (vii) Road Bridges wherever required. (viii) Cross Regulators and Offtakes etc. (ix) Tunnels (x) Railway Crossing

7.2.1. Design of Main Canal

The Present Scheme consisting of gravity canal having a total length of about 250 Km and has been designed as lined canal with 10 cm thick cement concrete with trapezoidal sections having side slopes of 1.5(H): 1 (V). Trapezoidal canal section is adopted for practicability and the canal has been designed by Manning’s formula. Considerations with respect to relevant IS codes have been taken into account.

Three types of cross sections have been adopted as below

(i) Canal in full cutting (ii) Canal in partial cutting & partial filling (iii) Canal in complete filling.

Side slope in cutting and filling is taken as 1:1 and 1.5:1 respectively depending upon the type of the soil. Outer slope of the bank has been provided as 1.5:1. Freeboard has been provided as per clause 6.2 of IS 4030:1982 and clause 4.3 of IS 7112:2002 for unlined and lined canals respectively. The freeboard shall be measured from the full supply level to the level of the top of the bank. A freeboard of 1.0 m has been provided.

Vol-I/Chapter-7: Design Features 7-3 WAPCOS Limited CHAPTER-9 irrigation planning DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

CHAPTER – 9 IRRIGATION PLANNING

9.1. INTRODUCTION

This scheme envisages lifting of Godavari water from U/s of Dummugudem Anicut to Irrigate upland areas of Khammam and Warangal Districts. The proposed scheme is to integrate earlier proposed Indira Sagar and Rajiv Sagar Lift Irrigation Scheme into one lift irrigation scheme and also to cover the Gap Ayacut which is not coming under any present or future irrigation scheme. Accordingly, the project is now renamed as Sita Rama Lift Irrigation Scheme is being formulated to irrigate about 6.74 Lakh Acres of Bhadradri- Kothagudem Khammam and Mahabubabad Districts in the first Phase. Out of total command area of 2,72,921 Ha, the new ayacut is about 1,33,085 Ha and Stabilization of about 1,39,836 Ha.

9.2. AGRO-CLIMATE

Based on the Physiography, Soil types, crops and cropping patterns the Telangana state has been divided into four Agro-climatic zones. The agro-climatic zones are shown in the figure 9.1. They are

a) Northern Telangana Zone

 It includes Nizamabad, Adilabad, Karimnagar Districts.  Annual Rainfall is 900 mm to 1150 mm  Red soils are predominant  Rice, Maize, Soybean, Cotton, Red gram are major crops

b) Central Telangana Zone

 It includes Medak, Warangal and Khammam Districts  Rainfall is between 800 to 1150 mm  Red soils are predominant  Cotton, Rice, Maize, Green gram, Mango are important crops

Vol-I/Chapter-9: Irrigation Planning 9-1 WAPCOS Limited DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

c) Southern Telangana Zone

 It includes Rangareddy, Hyderabad, Mahbubnagar and Nalgonda Districts  Rainfall is between 600 to 780 mm  Red soils are predominant  Cotton, Rice, Red gram, Maize and Green gram are important crops

d) High altitude and Tribal zone

 It includes Northern and Eastern borders of Adilabad and Khammam Districts  Rainfall is 1400 mm  Red sandy soils, Red loams with clasy base  Chilly, Rice, cotton etc. are major crops

Fig 9.1 Agro-Climatic Zones

Vol-I/Chapter-9: Irrigation Planning 9-2 WAPCOS Limited

DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

Data in Table 9.2 reveals that at present the irrigation potential in district is about 2.27 lakh hectare. Therefore, the present potential is sufficient only to irrigate about 0.76 lakh hectare area thrice in Rabi season. It is less than the actual area of Rabi crops indicating that all the cropped area received less than 3 irrigations in the season. It can be therefore, inferred that the area of Rabi can be increased only with enhanced irrigation potential in the district. About 70 TMC water lifted from Godavari will be utilized under this Scheme.

Table 9.3 Utilization of Water under this scheme S. No Description Area in Ha Water Allocation (TMC)

1 New Ayacut 133085 46 2 Stabilization of NSP 95035 14 3 Stabilization of Wyra 7040 1 4 Stabilization of Paleru 6043 1 Stabilization of Other Minor 5 31718 4.5 Projects Provision for Drinking Water 6 3 Demand

Total 70

It may be worthwhile to mention that the total demand of Sita Rama LIS, Phase-I is of the order of 70 TMC. Therefore, in the area mentioned below the existing benefit has been taken as rainfed while future benefit has been taken for irrigated condition. Therefor present analysis the CCA of the project is taken as 2,72,921 ha. In the Present situation, the entire area of 2,72,921 ha was rainfed, which would be irrigated during the post project situation.

The Existing cropping pattern of the Project Area been taken as follows:

Table 9.4 Existing Cropping Pattern Projects WET Crops Percentage ID Crops Percentage Nagarjuna Sagar, Cotton 40 Paddy 100 Wyra, Paleru and Chilies 40

Vol-I/Chapter-9: Irrigation Planning 9-10 WAPCOS Limited

DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

SRSP etc. Chilies 10 Groundnut, Maize, 10 Pulses etc

The Suggested cropping pattern and crop calendar

Sl. No Crop Crop Period Crop duration (No. of Days) KHARIF 1.0 Paddy I Jul 1 - Nov 31 150 days 2.0 Paddy II Jul 15 - Dec 15 150 days 3.0 Paddy III Aug 1 - Dec 30 150 days 4.0 Maize Jun 1 - Sep 30 120 days 5.0 Groundnut Jul 1 - Nov 15 140 days 6.0 Cotton Jul 1 - Jan 1 190 days 7.0 Chillies Jul 1 - Dec 1 165 days 8.0 Sorghum Jul 1 - Nov 1 125 days 9.0 Soyabean Jul 1 – Sep 1 90 days 10.0 Vegetables Jul 1 - Oct 1 100 days 11.0 Green Gram Jul 1 – Sep 1 60 days 12.0 Black Gram Jul 1 – Sep 3 90 days RABI 13.0 Maize Nov 16 - Feb 28 120 days 14.0 Sunflower Oct 1 - Feb 1 120 days 15.0 Blackgram Oct 1 - Jan2 90 days 16.0 Chillies Nov 1 - Mar 3 165 days 17.0 Cotton Oct 1 - Apr 1 190days 18.0 Sugarcane Jan 1 - Dec 31 365 days 19.0 Sorghum Nov1 - Mar1 125 days

9.7. ASSESSMENT OF CROP WATER REQUIREMENTS

Crop water requirement is defined as the depth of water needed to meet the water loss through evapotranspiration of crop growing in large fields under non-restricting soils, water and nutrient availability and achieving full production potential under the given growing environment. The success of this objective depends on matching the water availability at river source with the quantum of water required for various crops in the command area for sustainable agricultural production. In the present study, procedure

Vol-I/Chapter-9: Irrigation Planning 9-11 WAPCOS Limited

DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

adopted for calculation of crop water requirements and irrigation requirements are mainly based on methodologies presented in FAO Irrigation and Drainage papers No. 24 “Crop Water Requirements” and No. 33 “Yield response to water” The software “CROPWAF 5.7” based on revised method for estimating reference crop evapotransipiration, adopting the approach of Penman-Monteith as recommended by the FAO Expert consultation held in 1990 in Rome has been used for calculation ETo and crop water requirements for the selected crops

Efficient use of water in crop production can only be attained when the planning, design and operation of water supply and distribution system is geared towards meeting requirements in quantity and time during the periods of water shortage, for optimum and high yields of crops. For effective application in planning, design and operation of irrigation system, it is necessary to analyse the effect of water supply on growth of crops. The relationship between crop yield and water supply can be evaluated when crop water requirements and crop water deficits on one hand and maximum and actual crop yield on the other can be quantified. Deficit in water and the resulting water stress on the plant, have an effect on crop evapotranspiration and crop yield.

The following are the main factors which play an important role in determining crop water requirements.

I. Climate or the ambient environment enveloping the plant determines the evaporative demand. For instance, in sunny and hot climate, crops need more water per day than in cloudy and cool climate, II. Crops like banana and sugarcane having large leaf area need more water than crops having smaller leaf area like beans and wheat, III. The crops which are fully grown need more water than crops that have just been planted and IV. On the whole, surface including temperature, sunshine duration, wind velocity, relative humidity and rainfall has a substantial effect.

9.8. Step-by-Step Procedure for Computing Crop Water Requirement

There are several methods for computing crop water requirements using climatological and physiological approaches. The most practical and comprehensive method for

Vol-I/Chapter-9: Irrigation Planning 9-12 WAPCOS Limited

DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

computing crop water requirements based on climatological approach is “Modified Penman’s method”, which has been used to compute crop water requirements for this project. The step-by-step procedure for computing crop water requirement is summarized below:

9.8.1. Modified Penman’s Method

Based on the studies of the climate and measured grass evapotranspiration data from various research stations in the world, Dooven bas and Pruitt (1977) proposed method known as modified Penman’s method for estimating reference crop evapotransipiration (ETo) and gave tables for computations.

The procedure for computing crop water requirements is summarized below:

(1) Collection of climatologically data. (2) Computation of reference evapotransipiration (ETo) based on two components viz: radiation term and aero dynamic term. (3) Selection of crop coefficient Kc (4) Determination of effective rain fall. (5) Computation of crop water requirements and irrigation requirements for the proposed cropping pattern.

i) Collection of Climatologically Data

Crop water requirement is basically influenced by surface climatological data including temperature, sunshine duration, wind velocity, relative humidity and rainfall. It may be worthwhile to mention here that variation of climatological parameters such as sunshine hour, relative humidity, maximum and minimum temperature over the area is much less than variation rainfall. The Nagarjuna Sagar Project command covers two main canals- out of which the left canal irrigating 4.20 lakh hectares in erstwhile districts Nalgonda, Khammam of Telangana and of Andhra Pradesh. On considering terrain and climatic variations, the command area with respect to irrigation planning has been grouped into two zones.

For the present study, the climatological data of Khammam with latitude of 17° - 15’ N, Longitude 80° - 09’ E and elevation of 112 m MSL for Khammam District is used.

Vol-I/Chapter-9: Irrigation Planning 9-13 WAPCOS Limited

DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

However, for rainfall the data of various stations falling within the project command were considered for finding out the 75% dependable rainfall. It is to be noted that the rainfall significantly influences the irrigation requirements.

ii) Computation of Reference Evapotranspiration (ETo)

The crop water requirement (ETc) is calculated using following relation

ETC = ETO x KC Where,

ETC = Crop evapotranspiration, mm/day.

Actually ETC is defined as crop water requirement or consumptive use of crop which is defined as the depth of water needed to meet the water loss through evapotransipiration (ET crop) of a disease-free crop, growing in large fields under non-restricting soil conditions including soil water, fertility and achieving full production potential under the given growing environment.

ETo = Reference crop evapotransipiration in mm/day.

ETo represents the rate of evapotransipiration from an extended surface of 8 to 15 cm, green grass cover, actively growing, completely shading the ground and not short of water.

KC = Crop co-efficient which varies with the crop genotype and growth stages. More explicitly it is the function of crop canopy coverage. The KC of crop at younger age is lower than that at full maturity stage. iii) Selection of KC Values

The crop coefficient is the ratio of ETC/ETO. Whereas ETC is the crop

evapotransipiration of a crop and ETO is the reference evapotransipiration of grass crop.

KC is defined as the canopy coverage factor, which is influenced by following factors:

(i) Type of crop (ii) Growth stage of the crop (iii) Climate, and

Vol-I/Chapter-9: Irrigation Planning 9-14 WAPCOS Limited

DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

(iv) Surface moisture condition of the field

With respect to type of crop the KC values of fully developed with large leaf area of a crop like banana are higher than the KC values of fully developed with its small leaf area such as gram crop. In fact, the KC values are directly related to extent of transpiration. KC value also differs with growth stage of a crop. For instance, the KC values of initial growth stage are much smaller than that of a full-grown crop. The climate influences the duration of the total growing period and various growth stages. For example, in a cool climate, certain crop will grow slower than in warm climate.

The crop factor KC is determined from following parameters:

1. Crop genotype i.e. type of crop as cereal, vegetables, pulses, fiber crop etc. 2. The total growing period of each crop 3. Crop growth stages

The total growing period of a crop has been divided into four growth stages:

1. The initial growth stage: this is the period from sowing or transplanting when the crop covers about 10% of the ground. 2. The crop development stage: this period starts at the end of the initial growth stage and lasts until the full ground cover has been reached (ground cover about 70- 80%). 3. The mid-season stage: this period starts at the end of the crop development stage and lasts until maturity; it includes flowering and grain-setting. 4. The late season stage: this period starts at the end of the mid season stage and lasts until the last day of the harvest; it includes ripening.

In the present study, the crop coefficient values for the crops under consideration as recommended by FAO have been used and KC values interpolated for 10 daily intervals are given in the tables containing crop evapotransipiration and irrigation requirements data.

iv) Determining Effective Rainfall

The entire water received from rainfall is not utilized by the growing crop, a part of it may be lost by surface runoff, deep percolation or evaporation. Only a portion of heavy

Vol-I/Chapter-9: Irrigation Planning 9-15 WAPCOS Limited

DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

and high intensive rains can enter and be stored in the root zone. A part of stored water is utilized by crop to meet its evapotransipiration. In the present study, in the present “effective rainfall” has been computed using USBR method. The monthly effective rainfall is given Annexure-9.1.

v) Irrigation Efficiencies

For the purpose of cropping pattern and crop water requirement the following efficiencies are taken into consideration

Table 6.5 System Efficiency Items Surface Irrigation Ponded Non-Ponded 1. Conveyance Efficiency (from canal 90% 90% head to outlet head) 2. Field channel efficiency (from outlet 70% 70% head to field gate) 3. Field application efficiency 85% 65% Overall Efficiency 54% 49%

vi) Computation of Crop Water Requirements and Net Irrigation Requirements

Crop water requirement (CWR) in practice are governed not only by the agro-climatic conditions (temperature, humidity, wind velocity and bright sunshine hours) and crop physiology i.e. crop coefficients (KC values) but also effective rooting depth and soil moisture condition i.e. water depletion level affecting the growth period. For design purposes, CWR is based on the assumption that no restrictive conditions arising out of

soil on water stress would apply. The ETC was accordingly computed using KC factor

values for particular crops and the ETO values as computed by Penman – Monteith method.

For computing net irrigation requirement (NIR) effective rainfall using as calculated by USBR method is accounted for and monthly net irrigation requirement for various crops has been worked out and summarized in Annexure 9.2. The gross irrigation requirements were determined for project development using assumed water use

Vol-I/Chapter-9: Irrigation Planning 9-16 WAPCOS Limited

DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

efficiencies. The Gross requirement at plant root and canal head for Project area of Sita Rama Lift Irrigation Project, Phase-I is given as Annexures 9.3.

Irrigation Requirement of Crops

The overall summary of irrigation requirement at canal head for the Project area of Sita Rama Lift Irrigation Project, Phase-I is given as Annexures 9.3. The Overall demand for crop wise is given hereunder and detail breakup is given as Annexure 9.4.

Table 9.6 Overall Demand for Crop wise at Canal Head S.No. Crop Name Cropping Area Total Requirement at Intensity Under Canal Head (including (in %) Crop (ha) surface scheme) in TMC KHARIF 1 Paddy I 27.0 73689 16.61 2 Paddy II 31.5 85970 16.88 3 Paddy III 9.5 25927 6.06 4 Maize 4.7 12827 0.40 5 Groundnut 2.1 5731 0.34 6 Cotton 2.5 6823 1.01 7 Chillies 3.0 8188 0.59 8 Sorghum 2.5 6823 0.18 9 Soyabean 2.0 5458 0.16 10 Vegetables 5.7 15556 0.37 11 Green Gram 2.0 5458 0.11 12 Black Gram 2.0 5458 0.13 Sub- Total 94.5 257910 42.83 RABI 13 Maize 15.0 40938 6.05 14 Sunflower 8.0 21834 3.12 15 Blackgram 20.0 54584 4.79 16 Chillies 4.0 10917 2.11 17 Cotton 2.0 5458 1.61 18 Sugarcane 1.5 4094 2.30 19 Sorghum 7.5 20469 2.73 Sub- Total 58.0 158294.2 22.71 Grand Total 152.5 416205 65.55

9.9. SOIL & LAND IRRIGABILITY CLASSIFACTION

On considering the local conditions of the Project areas, the following soil properties are considered as class determining factors. These includes:

Vol-I/Chapter-9: Irrigation Planning 9-17 WAPCOS Limited chapter -13 POWER DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I) CHAPTER - 13 POWER

13.1 THE PROJECT

This scheme envisages lifting of Godavari water from U/s of Dummugudem Anicut to Irrigate upland areas of Bhadradri- Kothagudem Khammam and Mahabubabad Districts. The proposed scheme is to integrate earlier proposed Indira Sagar and Rajiv Sagar Lift Irrigation Scheme into one lift irrigation scheme and also to cover the Gap Ayacut which is not coming under any present or future irrigation scheme. Accordingly, the project is now renamed as Sita Rama Lift Irrigation Scheme, Phase-I and is being formulated to irrigate command area of 2,72,921 Ha with new ayacut of about 1,33,085 Ha and Stabilization of about 1,39,836 of Bhadradri- Kothagudem, Khammam and Mahabubabad Districts of Telangana. . A part from irrigation, the scheme also provides drinking water and industrial supply to Bhadradri-Kothagudem and Khammam districts.

13.2 POWER REQUIREMENT

The details of power requirement at various lifts under the project are shown in the enclosed Table-13.1.

Table-13.1 gives the various details of power supply for each of the 4 numbers of lifts, such as, Location of Pump Houses, Discharge in cumecs, Head involved, Proposed Capacity of each motor, number of pumps, pumping days, total power required and energy required.

As far as the transmission system requirement for the proposed project is concern, there is hardly any compatible transmission infrastructure in-place which can provide the required power for the scheme. In such scenario, the power transmission and distribution department has to make suitable infrastructure in-place which can cater to the power requirement of the project. The detail location diagram in the form of a line sketch is given as Fig No. 13.1 respectively.

There are altogether 4nos. Pump Houses, widely distributed over the Project area, with a total load of about 715 MW. This quantum of load may be supplied from the various

Vol.1 / Chapter-13: Power XIII - 1 WAPCOS LIMITED DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I) sources, partly from any generating station (directly), and balanced or entire load from a number of 220 KV and 132kV EHV grid sub-stations that are existing close to the Project site.

It is envisaged that multiple number of circuits at 400kV and 220kV voltage levels would be required to be constructed from the nearby sub-stations/generating sources for power supply to the proposed site/pump houses. It may also be envisaged to construct two or three new 400kV/220kV/132kV sub-stations with underlying distribution lines from thereof, depending upon the distance/location/capacity (MVA) of the 400kV and 220kV grid sub-stations to be available near the project site. However, the detail system requirement would evaluated and firmed-up based on the appropriated generation and T&D system data from the STU.

Vol.1 / Chapter-13: Power XIII - 2 WAPCOS LIMITED DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

Table-13.1: Statement of Power & Energy Requirement Pump House-3 Pump House-3 Pump House-4 Pump House-4 (Lift to (Lift to (Lift to Sl.No Details of Lift Pump House-1 Pump House-2 (Lift to Dammapeta Rollapadu Sathupally Palavagu Branch Canal) Trunk) Trunk) Branch Canal) 1 Nearby Village BG Kotturu VK Ramavaram Kamalapuram Kamalapuram Dibbagudem Dibbagudem Bhadradri Bhadradri Bhadradri Bhadradri Bhadradri Bhadradri 2 District Kothagudem Kothagudem Kothagudem Kothagudem Kothagudem Kothagudem 3 No. of pumps 6 6 6 2 2 1 4 Standby pumps 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 Dia. Of Pipe (m) 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 2.00 2.00 6 Length in m 200.00 725.00 2425.00 2900.00 1930.00 380.00 Lift height 7 40.00 68.00 76.00 109.00 96.00 46.00 (Static + Dynamic) (m) Discharge of each pump in 8 42.47 42.47 35.00 19.00 7.08 7.08 cumecs 9 Total Discharge in cumecs 254.85 254.85 210.00 38.00 14.16 7.08 Power required for each 10 25 40 40 30 10 5 motor (MW) 11 Total Power (MW) 150 240 240 60 20 5 12 Energy (MU) 255.38 434.14 399.82 103.77 34.05 8.16 Transmission Line 13 132 220 220 220 132 132 Capacity in KV

Total Power Total Energy Required 715 1235.31 Required (MU) (MW)

Vol.1 / Chapter-13: Power XIII - 3 WAPCOS LIMITED DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

 This project requires 6 Nos. of lifts (4 nos. Pump Houses) spread over in only one District of Telangana State namely Bhadradri Kothagudem.

 The power requirement at each substation varies from 5 MW to 300 MW and the total power required for the project is of about 715 MW.

 The pump house requires power supply at various voltages ranging from 132 KV to 400 KV.

 According to TSTRANSCO, the distances between the nearest supply point of TSTRANSCO to the respective pumping locations from the nearby sub-stations are shown below.

Total Sl. Transmission Line Capacity Length in Location of the Lift Power No. in KV Km (MW) 1 2 3 4 5 1 BG Kotturu (V) 150.00 132 45 2 VK Ramavaram (V) 240.00 220 15 3 Kamalapuram (V) 300.00 220 50 4 Dibbagudem 25 132 45

Power supply to the various lift points is to be availed from the respective power supply authorities (TSTRANSCO for supply 132 KV voltage and DISCOM below 33 KV), considering each lift station as a separate service as the Electricity Act 2003 permits, only a Licensee can erect power lines in Public land. As such, Irrigation Department may have to take individual supplies to each of the Lift Location from the power supply companies.

As per the existing regulations, consumers in need of power supply will be required to pay (a) Estimated charges for extension and release of supply as estimated and demanded by the supply company (b) Development charges for creating the required infrastructure to meet the additional power demand at the rate of Rs.750/- per KVA of the contracted demand of a consumer.

Vol-I/Chapter-13: Power 13-5 WAPCOS Limited DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

In addition to the power supply extension charges as demanded by the power supply authorities, and development charges as indicated above, security deposit towards energy charges may have to be paid as and when necessity arises for motors.

13.3 ELECTRO-MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT

The Electro-mechanical equipment will consist of pumps, motors, governing system, motor starting equipment, transformers, isolated phase bus ducts, oil pumping system, inlet valve and other pump house auxiliaries viz. crane, air conditioning and ventilation system, lighting system, fire protection system etc.

13.3.1 220/132KV SWITCHGEAR

The 220 /132KV switchgear will be of the conventional outdoor type and will include SF circuit breakers, isolators, current transformers, potential transformers, surge arrestors, PLCC equipment’s, switchyard structures, insulators, hardwares, busbars & earth wire, conductors and accessories etc. Connections between the main transformers and the switchyard will be by means of overhead conductors.

13.3.2 Main Transformers

The sizing of the transformers will depend on the size of the motors, and the starting equipment etc. The transformers shall be equipped with on load tap chargers on HV side. H.V terminals of the transformers shall be suitable for connecting to overhead conductors, while the LV terminals shall be suitable for connecting to Isolated phase bus ducts / underground cables, control, monitoring and protection system.

13.3.3 Bus Ducts / Cables

11KV segregated bus ducts of suitable capacity shall be provided for connecting the power transformers to the 11KV indoor switchgear, wherever bus duct is required. Where cables are used for taking 11KV power from the transformers to the indoor 11KV bus, 11 KV XLPE cables of suitable capacity shall be used. 650 V/1100V grade, stranded Aluminum conductor, PVC insulated, armored PVC sheathed cables conforming to IS 1554 shall be used for medium and low voltage power cables.

Vol-I/Chapter-13: Power 13-6 WAPCOS Limited DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

Control, protection, instrumentation signaling and supervising cables shall be of 650/1100V grade annealed high conductivity stranded copper conductor, PVC insulated type.

13.3.4 11KV Switchgear

Indoor 11KV switchgear comprising of draw out type 11KV vacuum circuit breakers shall be provided for all incoming and outgoing feeders. The connection for incoming feeders from station auxiliary transformers and outgoing feeders to Station Auxiliary Bus & beyond shall be made through 11KV XLPE cables.

13.3.5 Protection System

All equipment on 11KV side and 220 KV side shall be fully protected by automatic relaying system. Any faults detected by the relays shall be enumerated through trip & alarm signals and faults shall automatically get revealed by tripping of the concerned breaker. Any in the main pumps shall apart from tripping the electric supply will also shut down wicket gates of the pump and simultaneously close spherical valve.

13.3.6 Control, Monitoring and Protection System

At each of pump location station operating functions will be centrally controlled from Operator’s console in the control and relay room of the pump house. Additionally, micro-processor based controls will be mounted on unit control switchboards, located near each monitoring unit. Each unit control switchboard will contain all the relaying, metering and sequential controls required for the individual unit. Control equipment will include metering and control panels, protections, computer units and monitors, printers and other peripheral devices, as required for supervision and operation of the pump/motor, 11KV switchgear, auxiliary power system, transformers and 220 KV, 132KV /33KV switchgear.

13.3.7 A.C Auxiliary Power System

Station auxiliary power will be provided from 11/0.433KV, station service transformer of suitable capacity fed from 11KV station Auxiliary bus.

Vol-I/Chapter-13: Power 13-7 WAPCOS Limited DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

13.3.8 D.C Supply System

A DC system comprising of 220V, 500 AH battery will be providing power for the protection and control equipment and for emergency lighting. The battery will be provided with a battery charger, equipped with float and boost charging facilities. A DC distribution board will be provided for feeding various DC loads of the units. A 48V DC system complete with battery, battery charger and DC distribution board will be provided for PLCC system.

13.3.9 Communication System, Lighting System, Grounding System and Fire Alarm System

For effective communication in the plant, PLCC System between the proposed pump house and sub-station to which it is connected through EHV transmission lines shall be provided. P&T line, Fax etc. will also be provided. The pump house lighting will comprise of interior and exterior light as required. A separate emergency lighting system fed from the emergency power supply (inverter) will be provided for essential locations, e.g., control room, 11KV switchgear room, machine hall etc.

13.3.10 Motors

The capacities of motors at each of the pump houses are indicated in Statement-I Para 6.2. The type of motors whether induction or synchronous will be based mainly on over all life cycle cost of the motors. Generally, for capacities above 4MW, life cycle cost of synchronous motor will be cheaper than the induction motors, while for capacities below 4MW capacity induction motors will be cost effective. In general, each motor will be vertical shaft of 3 Phase 11KV, 50 Hz 0.95 power factor. The motors will be air cooled with closed ventilation system using Air, water heat exchangers. The motor will be directly coupled to the pump. The motors shall be complete with unit control boards and auto sequential controllers.

13.3.11 Motor Starting Equipment

The type of large motors required for lift irrigation schemes of this magnitude, need special starting equipment of standard type of static frequency converter (SFC) or flux compensated magnetic amplifier (FCMA), depending on the type and size of the motor. Vol-I/Chapter-13: Power 13-8 WAPCOS Limited DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

Wherever SFC is adopted, it shall be complete with its own transformers, reactors, surge arrestors and control equipment.

13.3.12 Motor Control Centre and Main Leads

Each motor will be connected to the 11KV side of transformers by means of 11KV bus duct / cable from the 11KV indoor switchgear. The motor switch gear will comprise of metal enclosed cabinets to house surge protection equipment, current and potential transformers. The neutral of the motors will be grounded through a distribution transformers and a secondary resistor network.

Vol-I/Chapter-13: Power 13-9 WAPCOS Limited CHAPTER-15 Construction programme, manpower and plant planning

DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

CHAPTER 15

CONSTRUCTION PROGRAM, MAN POWER & PLANT PLANNING

15.1 GENERAL

The Sita Rama Lift Irrigation Project, Phase-I envisages construction of the followings: (i) Construction of Head Regulator at Dummugudem Anicut (ii) Construction of Lined Canal (iii) Construction of Four Pump Houses (iv) Delivery Cisterns (v) Laying of Pumping Main (vi) Cross Drainage works across Main Canal. (vii) Road Bridges wherever required. (viii) Cross Regulators, Escapes, Falls and Offtakes etc. (ix) Tunnels, Railway Crossing Etc.,

Aims and Objectives:

The objective of the Phase-I of Sita Rama Lift Irrigation Project is to divert Godavari water from U/s of Dummugudem Anicut to irrigate 6.74 Lakh Acres (New Ayacut- 3,28,853 Ac. and Stabilisation 3,45,535 Ac.) of Bhadradri- Kothagudem, Khammam and Mahabubabad Districts of Telangana, covering enroute tanks and villages as well as nearby command areas. In this context, some of the structural interventions in the form of storage structures, water conductor system, pump houses, Tunnels, CM and CD works etc. are proposed for this purpose. The present consultancy assignment is for confirming the feasibility of the proposed scheme providing targeted quantum of water for irrigation of new command as well as en-route tanks, villages, towns and supplement some of the existing/proposed irrigation schemes.

Vol-I/Chapter-15: Construction Planning 15- 1 WAPCOS Limited

DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

15.2 IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM

The project is supposed to be executed through the contracting agencies instructed with suitable contract packages. It is also proposed to have an exclusive consultancy package for the preparation of detailed design, specifications, tender documents and construction drawings for all Civil, Hydro-Mechanical and Electromechanical components.

The project has planned to be executed in a period of 36 months inclusive of all preconstruction activities containing four pump houses, water conductor system having gravity canals, pumping mains and gravity tunnels also involves construction of Regulators, Cross Drainage works, Bridges etc, all the construction activity will start simultaneously so that the project is completed in thirty-six months.

15.3 CONSTRUCTION PLANNING

It is proposed to execute the project in the following two (pre-construction and main construction) ways:

Phasing of Works:

To facilitate construction activity and its management and quality control, the project components will be distributed in different packages. It is proposed to execute the project in the following ways- A) Pre-Construction work lasting about 6 Months

B) Main Construction work spanning over 30 months.

A) Pre-Construction Works (Period-6 Months)

Initial one year would be utilized for preconstruction activities including site clearance, establishment of site organization, approach roads, bridges and CD works, buildings, stores, construction power, labs and workshop etc.

Vol-I/Chapter-15: Construction Planning 15- 2 WAPCOS Limited DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

Implementation Schedule

A) (Pre-Construction Works) S.No. Pre-Construction Activity Duration 1. Land Acquisition 6 Months 2. Road Construction a.) Upgrading of Existing Roads 6 Months b.) Construction of New Roads 3. Site Installation and Temporary camps at the site 6 Months 4. Tender and Contractors of Main works 6 Months 5. Arrangement for Construction/Alternate Power 4 to 6 Months 6. Mobilization of Men and Machines 6 Months

Some of the works like residential and non-residential buildings & acquisition of land etc. would be continue along with the construction of main works.

B) Main-Construction Works (Period-30 Months)

It includes construction of main civil works along with installation of electro- mechanical works. This stage requires 30 Months of tenure in order to complete the whole project. After about one year, when most of the infrastructural activities are established and contract packages finalized.

15.4 PROJECT ORGANISATION: FUNCTIONS & RESPONSIBILITIES

All the works whether it is Civil, Electro-mechanical in nature, are grouped into various packages. Due to limited availability of working season in a year, it would be necessary to achieve the maximum progress in the stipulated time frame.

There will be One Chief Engineer, One S.E. (Civil), one S.E (E&M), one S.E. (Finance and Accounts), one S.E. (Admin) along with relevant supporting staff. Besides this, CE will also be supported by S.E. (HQ & Monitoring) who will be

Vol-I/Chapter-15: Construction Planning 15- 3 WAPCOS Limited CHAPTER-18 estimate SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

Price level 2017-18 ABSTRACT OF COST Grand Total Sl.No Description Total in Lakhs

Name of Subheads A) DIRECT CHARGES I WORKS 1 A - Preliminary 6132.00 2 B - Land 120302.93 3 C - Works 326491.27 4 D - Regulators 17934.89 5 E - Fall 1680.48 6 F - Cross Drainage Works 136184.39 7 G - Bridges 20082.59 8 H - Escape 9 J - Power Plant 10 K - Buildings 12342.40 11 L1 - Earthwork 143957.71 12 L2 - Lining 71842.90 13 L3 - Tunnel 11940.67 14 L4 - Service Road 14770.70 15 M - Plantation 1555.36 16 N - Tanks & Reservoir 1118.50 17 O - Miscellaneous 12000.00 18 P - Maintenance 9223.10 19 Q - Special T & P 2489.75 20 R - Communication 1600.00 21 U - Distributaries, Minors and sub minors 136234.82 22 V - Water courses / field channels 27246.96 23 X - Environment and Ecology 80882.97 24 Y - Losses on stock 2305.77 Total I-Works 1158320.18

II Establishment charges at 10% of I works excluding B Land 103801.72 III Tools & Plants @ 1% of cost of I-Works 11583.20 GST @ 5% of cost of I-Works 51900.86 IV Suspense 0.00 V Receipts and Recoveries -1516.67 Total Direct Charges 1324089.29

B) INDIRECT CHARGES Capitalisation of abatement of land revenue at 5% of cost of 2807.50 cultivated land Audit and Accounts charges at 1% of I-works 11583.20 Total Indirect Charges 14390.70 Grand Total (Rs. in Lakhs ) : 1338480.00 Grand Total (Rs. in Crore): 13384.80 CHAPTER-19 financial resources DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

CHAPTER-19 FINANCIAL RESOURCES

19.1 GENERAL

Under this chapter, financial resources, planning aspects have been briefly covered which includes the following: (i) total resources of the state and their utilization for development activities i.e. sector-wise resources for the last five years; (ii) present position of the scheme regarding its inclusion in the plan vis-à-vis concurrence of the state planning/finance department; (iii) provision for the sector/for the scheme in the plan; (iv) central/foreign aid contemplated, if any; (v) commitment on the work in progress in the plan and allocation available for starting new scheme; (vi) effect of inclusion of the scheme in the plan on the schedule of other works and progress, budget and staff etc; (vii) adequate/strengthening of organizational setup for execution for all projects together as contemplated and (viii) advance action proposal for starting the preliminaries of the project, if any.

19.2 STATE’S SECTOR-WISE RESOURCE

The Receipts on revenue Account during the year 2017-18 are estimated at Rs. 1,13,083.04 Crores and the expenditure is estimated to be Rs. 1,08,511.73 Crores. The Estimate for 2017-18 reveals a Revenue Surplus (+) of Rs. 4,571.31 Crores.

Table 19.1 Revenue Receipts and Expenditure for previous years. Rs. in Crores Accounts Revised Estimate Budget Estimate Particulars 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 1 2 3 4 Revenue Receipts 76,133.83 87,069.78 1,13,083.04 Revenue Expenditure 75,895.74 86,870.38 1,08,511.73 Surplus (+) 238.09 199.40 4,571.31

Vol-I/Chapter-19: Financial Resources 19-1 WAPCOS Limited

DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

Table 19.2 Revenue Receipts and Expenditure for the year 2017-18 Rs. in Crores Receipts Expenditure Taxes and Duties Development Expenditure 77,160.32 Share of Central Taxes 17,005.00 Debt Services 11,338.61 State Taxes and Duties 62,619.00 Administrative Services 6,672.52 Non-Tax Revenue Tax Collection Charges 717.53 Interest Receipts 80.92 Other Expenditure 12,622.75 Other Non-Tax Revenue (including Grants-in-aid from 33,378.12 Center) Total 1,13,083.04 Total 1,08,511.73 Surplus (+) 4,571.31 Grand Total 1,13,083.04 Grand Total 1,13,083.04

19.3 BUDGET ALLOTMENT IN IRRIGATION

As the present project has irrigation and water supply as its prime objective therefore it was thought that the budget allocation in irrigation and water supply sector at state level will give a clear picture of the orientation of state government towards taking a mega project in this field. The State budget allotment for the last 3 years in irrigation is as follows. The Budget planned expenditure in irrigation has increased from nearly 16,500 crores to 25,000 crores in the last 3 years.

Table 19.3: Allocation to Irrigation Sector Irrigation Rs. in Crores

Particulars Accts. 2015-16 R.E. 2016-17 B.E. 2017-18 1 2 3 4 Major & Medium Irrigation 9,488.13 14,320.15 22,365.55 Minor Irrigation 1,366.33 1,944.52 2,318.66 C.A.D 13.28 30.14 220.88 Flood Control and Drainage 65.84 249.00 103.60 Total 10,933.57 16,543.81 25,008.69

Vol-I/Chapter-19: Financial Resources 19-2 WAPCOS Limited

DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

19.4 PROVISION FOR SCHEME IN THE PLAN

The state government is planning to take up this project from financial year 2017-18 and accordingly suitable budgetary provision will be made in the upcoming budget for the financial year 2017-18.

The budget provision for the project will increase based on the requirements and progress of the project in coming years.

19.5 CENTRAL OR FOREIGN AID FOR THE PROJECT

Proposal for central and foreign aid is contemplated and proposals are being prepared separately so that project can be executed and completed early.

19.6 COMMITMENTS FOR THE PROJECT

The state government is fully committed to take up this project on fast track basis because it is going to give impetus to water supply benefits to nearly three districts apart from irrigation benefits of 1.33 lakh Ha of new command area and a stabilization of nearly same command area in these districts.

19.7 EFFECT OF INCLUSION OF THE SCHEME WITH OTHER PROJECTS

There is no effort in taking up the scheme under plan in addition to other works in progress as Government is committed to take up the scheme on topmost priority to provide required water to irrigate 6.74 lakh acres of land in upland and backward areas located in these three districts of Telangana.

19.8 ORGANISATION SETUP FOR EXECUTION

For taking up and to accelerate the progress of the project, one Chief Engineer is exclusively made responsible and work is programmed to be taken up in a brisk manner.

19.9 ADVANCE ACTION REQUIRED

Advance action may be taken in acquiring the land required to set up camp colonies, improvement of tanks enroute and other miscellaneous works connected with approach roads etc., so that no sooner the DPR is approved by the CWC other works related to the project can be taken up in a brisk manner.

Vol-I/Chapter-19: Financial Resources 19-3 WAPCOS Limited

CHAPTER-20 revenues DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE-I)

CHAPTER-20 REVENUES

The Sita Rama Lift Irrigation Project, Phase-I will be implemented by Irrigation and CAD Department, Government of Telangana. At present, the farmers are supposed to get the irrigation water for a very nominal water levy, because the command area lies in the water stressed districts of Telangana. As such, hardly any revenues will be generated from the water supplied for irrigation purpose. However, in due course of time, if the Department as well as Government of Telangana feels those farmers are in a position to pay the water levy, the same will be charged to the farmers.

Apart from fulfilling the irrigation demand to the tune of 70 TMC the project also envisages supplying the domestic water to Khammam districts as per 2051 demand projection to the tune of 3 TMC. As the water rates for domestic and industrial supply will be in a position not only to meet O&M cost of the system but also the recovery of capital cost of the scheme.

Since, this is primarily an irrigation Scheme and Drinking water supply being a secondary component of the scheme therefore pure revenue consideration for recovering the capital cost cannot be made basis for the economic feasibility of the project. As such no analysis has been carried out for the revenue which may be generated from the project as a whole.

Vol-I/Chapter-20: Revenues 20-1 WAPCOS Limited

CHAPTER-21 benefit cost ratio, financial return and internal rate of return DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SITA RAMA LIFT IRRIGATION PROJECT (PHASE- I)

21.10.4 Conventional B-C Ratio

The conventional B-C Ratio as per CWC guidelines was observed to be 1.60 as given below. Benefit Cost Ratio 1. Annual Benefit Million Rs.

i Annual benefit under with project situation 29745

ii. Annual benefit under without project situation 4362

iii. Annual revenue due to D & I usage 8200

Net incremental Annual benefit (i-ii+iii) 33583

2. Annual Cost i Interest on capital @10% of total cost 13385

ii Depreciation @ 8.33 % of cost of E&M 1282

iii Depreciation @ 1 % of cost of canal Structures 1185

iv Annual Energy Requirement cost 4941

v Cost of Maintenance Irrigation command and Canal system 239

Annual costs (i to v) 21031

3. Benefit - Cost Ratio 1.60

Chapter-21: Economic Benefits and Justification 21-20 WAPCOS Limited