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Nos. 9-15 November I960 NATTOMS ADV1GOKY COmiT ON TIIE CONGO MEETINGS Nos. 9-15 November I960 ENGLISH OONFTnFTITJAL VOL. 2 UNITFJ) NAT TONS CONFIDENTIAL Meeting No. 9 5 November* I960 ENGLISH UNITED NATIONS ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON THE CONGO Meeting at United Nations Headquarters on Saturday, 5 November 1960^ at 10 a.m. 60-27730 The SECRETARY^GENERAL; I suppose we can begin, although there are still a few who are to be expected here today. First of all, I would like to draw your attention to the English translation of the Loi fondamentale which has been circulated. It is available to the members of the Committee. We have before us again one item, paragraph 3 of the resolution of 21 September. I suppose, however, that it may be that members of the Committee would like to avail themselves of this opportunity to get a bit more of the background for the action planned. We have with us today, as you know, Ambassador Dayal, who arrived yesterday from Leopoldville, and we have, of course, an opportunity to listen to -him, either in commenting on his report or in such other observations as may be of relevance. I do not mean toy 'that in any way to invite his observations on the action taken or planned by the Committee. This is for the Committee to decide, in consultation with the Secretary-General. But I felt that members of the Committee would like to be as well informed as possible of the setting against which we have to judge action taken, here, and for that reason I would just ask the members of the Committee if they would not like Ambassador Dayal to say something by way of introduction of his report or to fill out the picture regarding the background setting for the operation. Is that agreeable to the members of the Committee? Then I would invite Ambassador Dayal to say what he wishes. Mr. DAYAL (Special Representative in the Congo): Mr. Secretary-General, I am grateful for this opportunity to meet the members of your Advisory Committee and to say a few words perhaps by way of background information to the Second Progress Report. The report is before you and it gives in considerable detail the principal developments which have taken place in the Congo since my first report. As we have said there, this period of about six weeks has been one of very great turbulence and even greater uncertainty. The principal factor,of course, in this state of affairs has been the absence of any organized and effective authority. There have been various governments, but they existed only on paper. An effort was made, as a purely working arrangement, to constitute a College of Commissioners. I have described this body in the report. It is composed of rather inexperienced young men. Of course, it has no governmental status at all, and the best that we could do in order to keep our technical assistance programmes functioning was to have a working arrangement with these Commissioners at the technical level without any element whatsoever of any form of political recognition. That position, I think, was well understood on both sides, on our side as well as on the side of the College of Commissioners. Another factor which supervened during this period and added considerably to our difficulties was the role played by the Arme'e Nationale Congolaise. You are, I am sure, fully familiar with the development of events. The Chief of Staff assumed power, according to him, not directly, of course, but through the College of Commissioners, and he declared his purpose to be to neutralize the principal political elements and the Parliament until the end of this year, in order to pave the way for a political settlement. Well, things did not quite work out that way. The army began to come more and more into the picture, and indeed to such an extent that instead of helping in the maintenance of law and order it became perhaps the principal fomenter of trouble. And this state of affairs, which was rather serious in Leopoldville, found reflection in the other principal centres where the army was located. I am glad to say that certain steps which were taken after we had felt our way and were fairly sure of our ground, have had the effect of sending the soldiers,who had been roaming the streets of Leopoldville practically at will, back to their barracks. This has also meant that the United Nations troops have taken on additional responsibilities. I hope this state of affairs lasts. We shall certainly maintain full pressure on the ANC Command to respect this undertaking. Still another factor which has added to the complexity of the situation has been the incursion of various types of youth movements which seem to have some kind of political colour --at least they claim to have a political colour. These youths have, in the general state of anarchy, been indulging increasingly in acts of violence of one kind or another. I have impressed upon all the -5- leaders of the country the seriousness of this/ type of situation and have requested them to do something to control thes-e "bands of rather lawless youths. They have been committing acts of terrorism of one«kind or another and there,is evidence that their activities are fairly veil organized, and they are certainly of a rather subversive nature. 6.10 So far as the country at large is concerned, you must have read about the difficulties we have encountered in south Kasai. We were able to arrange a cease- fire there between the Kalonjist forces and the ANCj but during recent weeks an attempt was made to break that arrangement. Here, I must pay a tribute to our troops who were in that area. They dealt with the situation rather firmly and without any bloodshed except that four of our own people were wounded. They managed to take into their custody four of the principal ringleaders of the ICalonjist forces who were leading and directing them. These people were non-Congolese and they are still in protective custody in Luluabourg. In north Katanga, indeed in other parts of Katanga as well, the differences between the Cpnakat and the Balubakat parties found expression in various acts of violence which the gendarmerie of Katanga tried to suppress, at least so far as the Balubakats were concerned. This suppression, was rather brutal and instead of bringing about an end to that state of affairs it set in motion a pattern of reprisals. We negotiated an arrangement with the Katanga authorities whereby a certain area of north Katanga was placed under the direct control, so far as law and order was concerned, of the United Nations troops. Of course, the methods that we used were pacific and the very presence of the United Nations forces there had an inhibiting effect on violence. Furthermore, we afforded shelter to all kinds of people who had been threatened in the area. We pursued these efforts by utilizing the good offices of a leader of that area who had considerable influence with the Baluba tribesmen. The latest reports are that these combined measures have had a salutary effect and that area is now fairly calm. Of course, there are other parts which are outside the zone where the United Nations has assumed responsibility, where some trouble has recently occurred. That is the general picture in the Congo and it will be easy to see how it has reacted upon the functions which the United Nations operations in the Congo have been called upon to perform. Ours is, of course, I suppose, basically a technical assistance mission. We are there to assist the Congolese authorities in the maintenance of law and order and in helping to strengthen their independence, to give life and substance to it. But in the absence of a coherent governmental authority, in the face of so much disorder, chaos and violence, it is understandable that this aspect of our functions has not been able to progress as rapidly as we would have wished. 11 In feet, I think it is almost a tuiracle that we have been able to make the degree of progress which we have achieved. I do not wish to take any more time, because I have just given this background information which, I think, might stimulate questions, and I am at your disposal to answer them to the best of my knowledge and ability* Mr. QUAISON-SACKEY (Ghana): I am not going to ask anything of Mr. Dayal based upon what he has said, but I will just connect what he has aaid with what we have tried to'do here. We here have been trying to find ways and means of impletmenting paragraph 3 of the resolution passed in the General Assembly on 21 Septenber. Now, I would like to know from Mr0 Dayal, from his own experiences in Leopoidviile, whether there is any chance for a conciliation commission, which we contemplate here, doing good work if it does go to the Congo. That is the first question. The second question is whether the atmosphere is such as to permit a reconciliation of the various leaders in the Congo at the moment. Mr. DAYAL (Special Representative): Well, so far as we are concerned in Leopoidviile -- by this I mean the United Nations operations in the Congo — we would very much welcome the arrival of a conciliation commission, and you can be assured that we shall give our fullest co-operation and assistance in making your task a success.
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