Nigeria‟S Foreign Policy Implementation in a Globalised World, 1993-2013 by Raji, Adesina Fatai Matric No. 139084035 August
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NIGERIA‟S FOREIGN POLICY IMPLEMENTATION IN A GLOBALISED WORLD, 1993-2013 BY RAJI, ADESINA FATAI B.Sc.(Hons.) (B.U.K,Kano), M.A. (LASU, Lagos), M.Sc (UNILAG, Lagos),PGDE(LASU, Lagos) MATRIC NO. 139084035 AUGUST, 2015 NIGERIA‟S FOREIGN POLICY IMPLEMENTATION IN A GLOBALISED WORLD, 1993-2013 BY RAJI, ADESINA FATAI B.Sc.(Hons.) (B.U.K,Kano), M.A. (LASU, Lagos), M.Sc (UNILAG, Lagos),PGDE(LASU, Lagos) MATRIC NO. 139084035 BEING A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS, IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE AWARD OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN POLITICAL SCINCE, UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS. AUGUST, 2015 2 3 DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my parents, late Alhaji Akanmu and Alhaja Sikirat Raji; my darling wife, Mrs Sekinat Folake Abdulfattah; and my beloved children: Nusaybah, Sumayyah and Safiyyah who stood solidly by me to make this dream come true. 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS All praise, reverence, adoration and devotion are due to Almighty God alone. He is unique in His Majesty and Authority; He is Sublime in His Wisdom. He alone is the Author and Finisher of all affairs. To Him, I give my undiluted thanks, appreciation and gratitude for His guidance and the gift of good health which He endowed me with throughout the period of this intellectual sojourn. Alhamdulillah! I owe special thanks and appreciation to my beloved parents: Late Alhaji Raji Akanmu and Alhaja Sikirat Raji, for their unwavering spiritual and emotional support and for inspiring my passion to accomplish this intellectual endeavour. This milestone is essentially the manifestation of their painstaking effort to ensure that I am properly educated. I am short of words to express my debt of gratitude to Professor Adele Jinadu, the world renowned intellectual giant who considered it more than a call of duty to lift my spirit, guide my steps and reinforce my self confidence in the course of my walking on this privileged path. Baba is indeed a rare breed. He is an inspiring, affable, dedicated and thorough Supervisor. And more than this, he is a true mentor and a reliable role model. He is, without doubt, an intellectual pillar who has left an indelible impression on me. Worthy of unremitting accolade is my able Supervisor, Professor Solomon O. Akinboye, whose rare display of understanding, support, patience and tolerance enhanced and improved both my capacity and the substance of this research. His well-informed suggestions, logical analysis and constructive criticism finally helped in bringing this work to completion. I most sincerely and wholeheartedly appreciate you sir. My heartfelt thanks and gratitude go to our MPhil/PhD Coordinator, Dr (Associate Professor) „Derin Ologbenla for his invaluable assistance and demonstration of understanding at critical moments. His genuine and unceasing concern for my success greatly improved the clarity of this work. I appreciate him always for his genuine concern and guidance throughout the course of this work. May God bless you sir. I wish to use this medium to register my debt of gratitude and sincerely thank all members of staff in the Department of Political Science, Dr. Rasheed Akinyemi, Dr. Browne Onuoha, Dr. Laja Odukoya, Dr. Nasir Ashiru, Dr. Samuel Oloruntoba, Dr. (Mrs) Omolara Mariam Quadri, Dr.Kayode Eesuola, Dr. G. S. M. Okeke and Dr. Lara Awosika who shared their time, knowledge and experiences with me and thus made me a better man, teacher and scholar. No 5 doubt, their insightful comments provided the basis for my rethinking and reformulating sense at the key ideas in the research. I wholeheartedly extend my deep appreciation to Dr. Ademola Adeleke (Associate Professor of History) and Dr. David Aworawo whose prompt suggestions and critical analysis enabled me to undertake exploration that brought to light this accomplishment. In my intellectual odyssey, I owe a great deal of support and guidance to my intellectual and spiritual mentors and brothers. I must place on record the selfless investment in my academic and career progress by Barrister Dhikrullah „Kunle Hassan, Professor AbdulRasaq Kilani (Former HOD, Department of Religion and Cultural Studies, University of Port Harcourt), Professor Ahmad Adams (Dean, Integrated Postgraduate Studies, NDA, Kaduna), Dr „Tunde Akanni (School of Communication, Lagos State University), Dr. Luqman Jimoh (Kwara State University), Prof. Abdul Lateef Mobolaji Adetona (Lagos State University), Dr.Dawud Mustapha (University of Ilorin), Dr. Khalid Adekoya (University of Lagos), Professor Salisu Sheu (Bayero University, Kano) and Professor (Mrs) Fatimoh Abdul Kareem (Lagos University Teaching Hospital, LUTH). I acknowledge in a special way my dear brother, Alhaji Abdul Majeed Raji, for his moral, intellectual and financial support. I thank you for standing by me all these years. I owe a very significant appreciation to Alhaji Qasim Alabi, Malam Nuruddeen Lemu, Mr Abdulazeez Babalola, Dr. Jubril Salahudeen, Dr. Abdul Rafiu Majolagbe, Mr. Abdul Rasheed Olayiwola, Mr. Ismail Alatise, Mr. Abdul Hammed Ashiru and Barrister Hassan Fajimite for their moral, intellectual and financial support. I must confess that the golden footsteps of many top-notch scholars who have made the conscious effort to bestride this noble path illuminated my journey. While some of them were interviewed, many others were cited in this research work. I, therefore, give special thanks to Professor Bola Akinterinwa (DG, NIIA, Lagos), Professor Saliu Hassan (Former Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin), Dr. Fred Aja Agwu (NIIA, Lagos), Professor Rauf Ayo Dunmoye (Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences, ABU, Zaria), Professor P. P. Izah (Director, Institute of Development Research, ABU, Zaria), Professor Kayode A. Omojuwa (Department of Political Science, ABU, Zaria), Mr Ogbole Amedu (Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Abuja), Dr. Fatai Aremu (HOD, Political Science Department, University of 6 Ilorin, Ilorin), Professor Mahmud Lawal (Department of Political Science, BUK, Kano) and Dr. Jidere Abubakar (Department of Political Science, B.U.K, Kano). I am also thankful for the support and encouragement of my colleagues in the Political Science Department Mr. Adegbite Kehinde, Mr. Bolade Anjorin, Mr. Semiu Bashiru and Mr. Martins Arogundade. In the same vein, I greatly appreciate the help and support of Mrs Rachael Fatodun, Mr. Rasheed Alatise, Mrs. Rose Ayerumeh and other members of staff of the Department. This research could not have been completed without the kind support and assistance of some Islamic organisations, enabling me to undertake exploration that brought to light this accomplishment. I offer my heartfelt appreciation to University of Lagos Muslim Alumni (UMA), Lagos, Da„wah Institute of Nigeria (DIN), Minna, International Institute for Islamic Thought (IIIT), Nigeria Office, Kano, Da„wah Front of Nigeria (Lagos State Chapter), and National Council of Muslim Youth Organisations (NACOMYO), Lagos State Chapter and Jam‟iyyaat Junud-deen Islamiyah for the support and assistance extended to me that facilitated the smooth running of this research. My appreciation will be incomplete without mentioning the unusual support and timely intervention of some dear brothers: Mr. Murtada Balogun, Mr. Abdul Rasaq Asaju, Mr. Ibrahim AbdurRasaq, Mr. Aliu Akoshile, Mr. Abdul Rasheed Sanni, Dr. Abdul Hakeem Olaniyan, Barrister Tirmidhi Adisa and Ustadh Shehu Jimoh. I need to express my unreserved appreciation to my dear friend, Mr Tajudeen Abdul Azeez Alabede, not just for his careful reading of the work, insightful comments and meticulous editing but for being a most magnificent intellectual and emotional partner for about two decades. Thanks are also due to my friends: Mr. Abdul Quadri Shehu Oladeji and Mr. Ishaq Yahya for the occasional supply of newspapers which facilitated the easy access to some new perspective in the discourse Worthy of mention is the role played by my Islamic teachers: Shaykh Abdullah Akinbode of NASFAT, Shaykh Mubarak Shiginni, Shaykh Muhammad Yunus, Shaykh Jamiu AL-kilanny and Shaykh Ismail Shiginni. 7 Special acknowledgement and sincere appreciation go to my beloved and loving wife, Sekinat Afolake Abdulfattah, for her untiring support at a very critical periods of my intellectual endeavour. Her love, care, understanding, tolerance, patience and perseverance have always been the fodder for my strength and sustenance. In spite of the pressure of life, her excellent family management and sense of humour continually encouraged me sit, think and write. She is, without doubt, the foundation of my joy, the fountain of my true love and my jewel of inestimable value. The final and very big note of appreciation is due to my loving and beautiful children – Nusaybah, Sumayyah and Safiyyah. Their endurance and enthusiasm during the course of this intellectual endeavour is highly recommendable. They are, in the truest sense, the comfort of my eyes. May God preserve their life for Islam. To so many other benefactors and well-wishers too numerous to be mentioned here, I say: Thank you. May God bless your endeavours. 8 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Certification ii Dedication iii Acknowledgments iv Table of Contents viii Abstract xi CHAPTER ONE: Introduction 1.0 Introduction 1 1.1 Background to the Study 4 1.2 Statement of the Problem 9 1.3 Aim of the Research 15 1.4 Research Objectives 15 1.5 Research Questions 16 1.6 Scope and Delimitation of Study 16 1.7 Significance of the Study 17 1.8 Theoretical Framework 18 References 25 CHAPTER TWO 2.0 Literature Review 2.1 The Emergence of the New World