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NATO time-line © ULLSTEINBILD ©

INBILD ratifi es Comprehensive Test Ban and SALT II • Humane Genome Yuri Gagarin in Fall of 1949 Project completed - maps out all genes in human DNA © ULLSTE © NATO Signing of in Washington by , , , © NATO © NATO , , , , the , , , the United NATO in the NATO-Russia agreement New members from the East Rebuilding security Kingdom, the • Proclamation Beginning of institutionalised relations between NATO and EU • NATO deploys INBILD INBILD INBILD 1950 increases fears of of People’s Republic of and German 1960 1970 1980 INBILD INBILD 1990 NATO adopts plan to develop cooperation between East and is reunifi ed 2000 forces to the former Yugoslav Republic of * • Large-scale terrorist Communist expansion Democratic Republic • New German Länder in East become part of NATO attacks perpetrated against US © ULLSTE © ULLSTE © ULLSTE Signing of Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty © ULLSTE © ULLSTE • NATO invokes article 5 of its Treaty for fi rst time 1951 Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers opens near 1961 Erection of the Berlin wall 1971 US engages in détente with China and USSR 1981 declared in Poland following 1991 of Pact and break-up of • NATO adapts doctrine (the ’s 2001 • becomes offi cial • Creation of European Coal and Steel Community • Yuri Gagarin, fi rst human to fl y in space civil unrest • -Iran war • US-Soviet Strategic Concept) and command structure and starts cooperating with partner countries currency in 12 EU countries • talks on intermediate-range nuclear International coalition forces US-Soviet agreements on strategic arms forces (INF) begin launch anti-terrorist operations 1952 and join NATO • starts • War in Indochina 1962 1972 limitations (SALT I) and anti- 1982 joins NATO • 1992 2002 NATO offers support to UN in the former in systems are signed US-Soviet strategic • EU adopts , envisaging a Common Foreign Security Policy arms reduction Assassination of US President John F. talks (START) begin Creation of NATO-Russia Council 1953 1963 1973 NATO and talks on reductions 1983 1993 UN establishes International Tribunal for the former 2003 • • strengthens relations • NATO in conventional forces • The Conference on Yugoslavia US military intervention Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) Soviets walk out states it will operate when INBILD INBILD INBILD in Vietnam opens in Helsinki of all and where necessary to fi ght INBILD 1954 © CMCC © ULLSTE © ULLSTE © ULLSTE 1964 1974 1984 negotiations 1994 NATO launches the Partnership for programme 2004 • NATO introduces Creation of NATO a Warsaw Pact Hungarian uprising France withdraws from INBILD • NATO starts to strengthen its “European pillar” reforms to prepare itself NATO integrated military Oil price hikes provoke global recession • NATO against new threats © ULLSTE

Federal Republic of Germany joins NATO • Warsaw Pact structure includes economic factors in security concept © ULLSTE 1955 is formed (USSR, , , , 1965 1975 1985 Gorbachev initiates 1995 NATO launches the • NATO conducts process of reform in air operations against Bosnian Serb forces • Signing of The EU takes over the NATO mission in the former Yugoslav Republic of the German Democratic Republic, , NATO HQ and SHAPE US Apollo and Soviet Soyuz meet in space Soviet Union Dayton Peace Agreement • NATO deploys Macedonia* • US leads military campaign against Iraq and overthrows Saddam Poland, ) relocate to Belgium • Total withdrawal of US from • The forces in Hussein’s regime • NATO streamlines its military command structure • NATO leads 1956 1966 • Allies adopt strategy 1976 Helsinki Final Act of the CSCE recognises Europe’s 1986 1996 Disagreement over leads NATO the International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan and supports Polish of “fl exible response” existing frontiers and pledges respect for human to develop its political role • Soviet Union in troops in Iraq • First NATO Response Force prototype is launched integrating nuclear rights and fundamental freedoms Partner countries, including Russia, contribute to crushes Hungarian uprising weapons into NATO’s NATO-led forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina 1977 1987 1997 1957 1967 entire force structure and INBILD Signing of INF Treaty Major terrorist attacks in Madrid • Bulgaria, , , , , • demonstrates Soviet adopting high readiness SALT II is signed but not ratifi ed due to Soviet Signing of special NATO-Russia agreement • NATO reinforces and Romania join NATO • Transfer of power to intercontinental ballistic missile capability © ULLSTE deployment of SS-20s and invasion of Afghanistan • NATO commits itself to the training of Iraqi security forces • NATO reinforces its

levels relations with partner countries • Signing of NATO-Ukraine INBILD • NATO deploys Pershing and Cruise missiles but Mediterranean Dialogue and offers to cooperate with countries from the broader • Rome Treaty: Creation of European 1978 1988 1998 Charter • Dolly - First mammal to be cloned 1958 1968 Warsaw Pact countries announce major Economic Community • Russian dog Laïka: pursues arms control measures © ULLSTE Warsaw Pact armed forces reductions in conventional forces • Soviet fi rst animal to fl y in space *Turkey recognises the Republic of Macedonia with its constitutional name. invade Czechoslovakia troops start withdrawing from Afghanistan regime in Afghanistan INBILD 1959 in power in 1969 “ Spring” movement 1979 1989 1999 , Hungary and Poland join NATO • NATO conducts air campaign to end ethnic cleansing in © ULLSTE crushed by USSR • NATO’s 50th anniversary Summit - Adoption of new Strategic Concept • NATO-led peacekeeping force deploys to Kosovo INBILD • First man on the moon - INBILD , © ULLSTE © NATO © ULLSTE First man on the moon Oil crisis Cruise missiles www..int (BILDER© NATO ISAF) © NATO Stabilising Afghanistan Seven new members New horizons