The Implications of Military Spending Cuts for NATO's Largest Members
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
French Armed Forces Update November 2020
French Armed Forces Update November 2020 This paper is NOT an official publication from the French Armed Forces. It provides an update on the French military operations and main activities. The French Defense Attaché Office has drafted it in accordance with open publications. The French Armed Forces are heavily deployed both at home and overseas. On the security front, the terrorist threat is still assessed as high in France and operation “Sentinelle” (Guardian) is still going on. Overseas, the combat units are extremely active against a determined enemy and the French soldiers are constantly adapting their courses of action and their layout plans to the threat. Impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic, the French Armed Forces have resumed their day-to-day activities and operations under the sign of transformation and modernization. DeuxIN huss arMEMORIAMds parachut istes tués par un engin explosif improvisé au Mali | Zone Militaire 09/09/2020 11:16 SHARE On September 5th, during a control operation within the Tessalit + region, three hussards were seriously injured after the explosion & of an Improvised Explosive Device. Despite the provision of + immediate care and their quick transportation to the hospital, the ! hussard parachutiste de 1ère classe Arnaud Volpe and + brigadier-chef S.T1 died from their injuries. ' + ( Après la perte du hussard de 1ere classe Tojohasina Razafintsalama, le On23 November 12th, during a routine mission in the vicinity of juillet, lors d’une attaque suicide commise avec un VBIED [véhicule piégé], le 1er Régiment de Hussards Parachutistes [RHP] a une nouvelle fois été Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, nine members of the Multinational endeuillé, ce 5 septembre. -
The Algerian Armed Forces: National and International Challenges
THE ALGERIAN ARMED FORCES: NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL CHALLENGES Carlos Echeverría Jesús Working Paper (WP) Nº 8/2004 1/4/2004 Area: Mediterranean & Arab World / Defence & Security – WP Nº 8/2004 (Trans. Spanish) 1/4/2004 The Algerian Armed Forces: National and international challenges ∗ Carlos Echeverría Jesús THE ROLE OF THE ARMED FORCES: FROM INDEPENDENCE TO THE FIRST STEPS TOWARD DEMOCRACY (1962-1988) The Algerian Armed Forces arose from the National Liberation Army (ALN), particularly from the so-called ‘border army’ which, as General Jaled Nezzar recalls in his Memoirs, began to play a dominant role under the command of Colonel Houari Boumedienne in late 1959: this army relentlessly waged war on the French forces deployed on the borders of Morocco and Tunisia until the conflict ended in 1962 (1). Although the creation of the ALN itself dates back to 1954, it was not until the Summam Congress, on August 20, 1956, that its structure was determined and it became considered an instrument for implementing the policies developed by the party: the National Liberation Front (FLN). The internal struggles within the FLN-ALN tandem, both in and outside Algeria, have been described by many authors: both the confrontations within the National Council of the Algerian Revolution (CNRA) and those at the various FLN congresses during and immediately after the war –the Summam Congress (1956), Tripoli Congress (1962) and Algiers Congress (1964)– aimed at taking control of the embryo of the future Armed Forces. According to Mohamed Harbi, the session of the CNRA held in December 1959 – January 1960 was crucial, as it abolished the Ministry of the Armed Forces, replacing it with an Inter-Ministerial War Committee (CIG), directed by military officers of a General Chiefs of Staff (EMG) led by Boumedienne, who went on to become Defense Minister of the first independent government and, starting in June 1965, President until his death in 1978. -
THE TRANSFORMATION of the ARMED FORCES: the FORZA NEC PROGRAM Michele Nones,Alessandro Marrone
ISSN 2239-2122 5 Information Technology (IT) has had and will continue to have a deep impact on the T IAI Research Papers defence sector. The most advanced countries, not only the U.S. but also France, Great HE The IAI Research Papers are brief monographs written by one or Britain and Italy, over the past few years have undergone a transformation of their TRANSFORMATION more authors (IAI or external experts) on current problems of inter- N. 1 European Security and the Future of Transatlantic Relations, THE TRANSFORMATION Armed Forces aimed at exploiting the strategic advantages of IT. national politics and international relations. The aim is to promote edited by Riccardo Alcaro and Erik Jones, 2011 greater and more up to date knowledge of emerging issues and The goal pursued in Europe, and also promoted by NATO, is Network Enabled N. 2 Democracy in the EU after the Lisbon Treaty, Capability (NEC). That is combining equipment and soldiers, as well as dierent OF THE ARMED FORCES trends and help prompt public debate. edited by Raaello Matarazzo, 2011 doctrinal, procedural, technical and organizational elements, into a single network to : obtain their interaction in order to achieve substantial strategic superiority. In OF N. 3 The Challenges of State Sustainability in the Mediterranean, practice, this also occurs with a strong, ecient and secure telecommunications THE A non-prot organization, IAI was founded in 1965 by Altiero Spinelli, edited by Silvia Colombo and Nathalie Tocci, 2011 THE ORZA PROGRAM network, and through the netcentric modernization of Armed Forces’ capability and F NEC ARMED its rst director. -
How Does Nato Work?
WHAT IS NATO? Visit our website : www.nato.int #WEARENATO The North Atlantic Treaty Organization is one of the These countries meet to cooperate in the field of world’s major international institutions. It is a political security and defence. In this respect, NATO provides and military alliance that brings together 30 member a unique link between these two continents for political countries from Europe and North America. and security cooperation. PROTECTING PEOPLE COMBATING NEW THREATS We often take it for granted that we can walk around freely in As the nature of threats changes, so must the methods a safe and economically stable environment. Security in all of preserving peace. NATO is reorienting its defence areas of everyday life is key to our well-being. capabilities towards today’s threats. It is adapting forces and developing multinational approaches to deal with terrorism, FORGING PARTNERSHIPS failed states and other security threats such as weapons of mass destruction. Establishing dialogue and cooperation is crucial for peaceful relations and deeper international understanding. BUILDING PEACE & STABILITY NATO provides a unique opportunity for member and partner countries to consult on security issues to build trust The benefits of stability can be enjoyed simultaneously by and, in the long run, help to prevent conflict. many parties. Through practical cooperation and multilateral initiatives, It is crucial to stabilise regions where tensions pose security countries are facing new security challenges together. threats. This is why NATO takes an active role in crisis- management operations, in cooperation with other international organisations. WHAT DOES NATO DO? NATO is committed to protecting its members efforts fail, it has the military capacity needed to through political and military means. -
Guam: U.S. Defense Deployments
Guam: U.S. Defense Deployments Shirley A. Kan Specialist in Asian Security Affairs May 6, 2011 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RS22570 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Guam: U.S. Defense Deployments Summary Since 2000, the U.S. military has been building up forward-deployed forces on the westernmost U.S. territory of Guam to increase U.S. presence, deterrence, and power projection for possible responses to crises and disasters, counterterrorism, and contingencies in support of South Korea, Japan, the Philippines, Taiwan, or elsewhere in Asia. Since 2006, three joint exercises based at Guam called “Valiant Shield” have boosted U.S. military readiness in the Asian-Pacific region. The defense buildup on Guam has been moderate. China still has concerns about Guam’s buildup, suspecting it to be directed against China. There has been concern that China and North Korea could target Guam with missiles. Still, Guam’s role increased in engaging China’s military. In 2006, the United States and Japan agreed on a “Roadmap” to strengthen their alliance, including a buildup on Guam to cost $10.3 billion, with Japan contributing 60%. Primary goals were to start the related construction on Guam by 2010 and to complete relocation of about 8,000 marines from Okinawa to Guam by 2014. In Tokyo on February 17, 2009, the Secretary of State signed the bilateral “Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Japan Concerning the Implementation of the Relocation of the III Marine Expeditionary Force Personnel and Their Dependents From Okinawa to Guam” that reaffirmed the “Roadmap” of May 1, 2006. -
Robert M. Gates, Ph.D
Robert M. Gates, Ph.D. Secretary of Defense (2006-2011); Author, New York Times Best Seller, DUTY: Memoirs of a Cuyahoga Community College Secretary at War and A Passion for Leadership Cuyahoga Community College (Tri-C®) is a regional leader in public education, academic Robert Gates served as the 22nd secretary of defense (2006-2011) and is the only secretary innovation and cultural enrichment. For more than 55 years, the College has tailored its of defense in U.S. history to be asked to remain in that office by a newly elected President. curriculum to meet changing workforce demands, helping individuals qualify for work in the President Barack Obama is the eighth president Gates has served. He previously served under job market’s most sought-after fields. With six Centers of Excellence and more than 140 career, President George W. Bush. technical and liberal arts programs, Tri-C empowers students by providing clear pathways On Gates’ last day in office, President Barack Obama awarded him the Presidential Medal of to degree and certificate completion. Tri-C has helped more than 900,000 students toward Freedom, America’s highest civilian honor. meaningful careers or advanced education, and more than 85 percent of Tri-C graduates Before becoming secretary of defense in 2006, Gates was the president of Texas A&M University, continue to live in the area, providing a pool of skilled workers that includes nurses, teachers, the nation’s seventh largest university. Prior to assuming the Texas A&M presidency on August medical technicians, firefighters, engineers, police officers and business professionals. -
France's Foreign and Security Policy Under President Macron. the Consequences for Franco-German Cooperation
SWP Research Paper Ronja Kempin (ed.) France’s Foreign and Security Policy under President Macron The Consequences for Franco-German Cooperation Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik German Institute for International and Security Affairs SWP Research Paper 4 May 2021, Berlin Abstract ∎ French President Emmanuel Macron has announced his goal of revitalis- ing Franco-German relations and founding a “new partnership” between Paris and Berlin. However, in foreign and security policy, and in certain areas of his Europe policy, this aspiration has rarely been fulfilled. ∎ The main reasons are structural changes in international relations, which the French and German sides have reacted to differently. Paris is looking for new ways of preserving its autonomy in defence policy and of filling the strategic vacuum that has been created by the waning US interest in Europe and its periphery. Berlin emphasises the development of NATO and the EU as fundamental organisations for German foreign policy. ∎ Reconciling bilateral interests is also complicated by national solo efforts, indifference, and inadequate exchange of experience. ∎ The first precondition for intensifying bilateral cooperation is for Paris and Berlin to conduct a comprehensive review of the international con- flict situation in their existing cooperation formats as regards foreign and security policy. The two governments need to discuss openly to what extent their national interests are concerned, and then determine con- crete measures. ∎ Second, they must refrain from national solo efforts and be sensitive to the other’s pressure points in foreign, security and Europe policy. The Franco-German Parliamentary Assembly needs to urge the executive of both countries to fulfil the Élysée Treaty and the Aachen Treaty. -
NATO-Afghanistan Relations
North Atlantic Treaty Organization www.nato.int/factsheets Media Backgrounder June 2021 NATO-Afghanistan relations Opening of a new-chapter NATO and Afghanistan will now open a new chapter in their relations, as the process of withdrawing international troops contributed to the NATO-led Resolute Support Mission to train, advise, and assist the Afghan security forces and institutions is ongoing. NATO Allies are committed to continue to stand with Afghanistan, its people and its institutions in promoting security and upholding the hard-won gains of the last NATO Secretary General Jens 20 years. Stoltenberg and President of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan NATO will continue to provide training, as well as financial support to the Afghan National Defence and Ashraf Ghani in Kabul, Security Forces, including through the Afghan National Army Trust Fund. November 2018. It will retain a Senior Civilian Representative’s Office in Kabul to continue diplomatic engagement and enhance our partnership with Afghanistan. The Office of the Senior Civilian Representative will engage with a range of actors, including from Afghanistan, countries in the region, the International Community and NGOs representatives. Also, in light of the importance of an enduring diplomatic and international presence, NATO will provide funding to ensure continued functioning of Hamid Karzai International Airport in Kabul. Furthermore, NATO will step up dialogue on Afghanistan with relevant international and regional partners; and all NATO Allies will continue to support the ongoing Afghan-owned and Afghan-led peace process towards a lasting, inclusive political settlement that puts and end to violence, safeguards the human rights of Afghans – particularly women, children and minorities – upholds the rule of law, and ensures that Afghanistan never again serves as a safe haven for terrorists. -
State Power, Popular Resistance, and Competing Nationalist Narratives in France, 1791-1871
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Carolina Digital Repository STATE POWER, POPULAR RESISTANCE, AND COMPETING NATIONALIST NARRATIVES IN FRANCE, 1791-1871 Lindsay Ayling A thesis submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2015 Approved By: Lloyd S. Kramer Jay M. Smith Donald M. Reid © 2015 Lindsay Ayling ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Lindsay Ayling: State Power, Popular Resistance, and Competing Nationalist Narratives in France, 1791-1871 (Under the direction of Lloyd S. Kramer) In this thesis, I analyze rhetoric surrounding three events in which violence erupted between the French authorities and the French “people”: the Champ de Mars massacre of 1791, the June Days revolt of 1848, and the Paris Commune of 1871. Studying newspapers, speeches, images, memoirs, and literature, I argue that in producing competing narratives surrounding these events, politicians and polemicists also shaped competing conceptions of the French nation. In order to justify a given position, they associated either “the people” or the military with French symbols, values, and ideals while presenting their opponents as the national enemy. With each subsequent civil struggle, they appropriated and altered previous narratives, thereby constructing evolving but still irreconcilable versions of the nation. I conclude that because nationalism fractures on ideological lines, it is impossible -
REAGAN NATIONAL DEFENSE FORUM Building Peace Through Strength for American Security
REAGAN NATIONAL DEFENSE FORUM Building Peace Through Strength for American Security SATURDAY, NOVEMBER , RONALD REAGAN PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY SIMI VALLEY, CALIFORNIA Mission Statement The Reagan National Defense Forum (RNDF) brings together leaders and key stakeholders in the defense community, including members of Congress, civilian officials and military leaders from the Defense Department and industry, to address the health of our national defense and stimulate a discussion that promotes policies that strengthen the US military in the future. In an era of fiscal austerity where the threats to our national security are increasing in number and complexity, the RNDF will allow senior leaders from the defense community to come together with viewpoints on how best to deal with it. Though President Reagan left office many years ago, the United States military continues to benefit from his commitment and vision for a strong military. Recognizing that today’s decisions will affect the military’s capabilities for years to come, the RNDF will charge leaders from current and past Administrations and Congress to look beyond the immediate issues facing the military and explore how we can build a strong national defense for the future. Honorary Steering Committee The Honorable Howard P. “Buck” McKeon, Chairman The Honorable Sam Nunn (Retired) The Honorable Robert Gates The Honorable George Shultz The Honorable Duncan L. Hunter (Retired) (Reagan Foundation Trustee) The Honorable James M. Inhofe The Honorable Adam Smith The Honorable Ann McLaughlin Korologos The Honorable John Warner (Retired) (Reagan Foundation Trustee) The Honorable Pete Wilson The Honorable Carl Levin (Reagan Foundation Trustee) Agenda The 2014 RNDF daylong conference includes a morning welcome reception, simultaneous morning and afternoon panel sessions, keynote luncheon, closing session with a special keynote address and museum tours of the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library. -
NATO Enlargement & Open Door
North Atlantic Treaty Organization Fact Sheet July 2016 NATO Enlargement & Open Door NATO’s “open door policy” is based on Article 10 of the Alliance’s founding document, the North Atlantic Treaty (1949). The Treaty states that NATO membership is open to any “European state in a position to further the principles of this Treaty and to contribute to the security of the North Atlantic area”. It states that any decision on enlargement must be made “by unanimous agreement”. NATO enlargement has helped increase stability and prosperity in Europe. It is aimed at promoting stability and cooperation, and at building a Europe united in peace, democracy and common values. Free choice NATO respects the right of every country to choose its own security arrangements. Each sovereign country has the right to choose for itself whether it joins any treaty or alliance. This fundamental principle is enshrined in international agreements, including the Helsinki Final Act and the Charter of Paris for a New Europe. NATO membership is not imposed on countries. Article 13 of the Washington Treaty specifically gives Allies the right to leave should they wish to. Process of Accession European countries that wish to join NATO are initially invited to begin an Intensified Dialogue with the Alliance about their aspirations and related reforms. Aspirants may then be invited to join the Membership Action Plan, a programme which helps nations prepare for possible future membership. Participation does not guarantee membership, but is a key preparation mechanism. To join the Alliance, nations are expected to respect the values of the North Atlantic Treaty, and to meet certain political, economic and military criteria, set out in the Alliance’s 1995 Study on Enlargement. -
A New Chapter in NATO-Afghanistan Relations
North Atlantic Treaty Organization Media Backgrounder February 2016 A new chapter in NATO-Afghanistan relations NATO’s engagement in Afghanistan has started a new chapter. As of 2015, NATO’s support to Afghanistan has consisted of three inter-related components: a NATO-led Resolute Support mission to train, advise and assist the Afghan security forces and institutions; a contribution to the broad effort of financial sustainment of the Afghan security forces; and the enhanced NATO-Afghanistan Enduring Partnership, which is being developed jointly with the Government of Afghanistan. Resolute Support Mission Resolute Support is a NATO-led, non combat mission. It was launched on 1 January 2015, following the conclusion of the previous NATO-led ISAF mission, and the assumption of full security responsibility by the Afghan National Defence and Security Forces (ANDSF). It is designed to help the Afghan security forces and institutions develop the necessary capacity to continue defending the country and protecting the population in a sustainable manner. It carries out training, advice and assistance activities at the security ministries and national institutional levels and at the higher levels of the army and police. This new mission has several functions. These include, amongst others: • Supporting planning, programming and budgeting; • Assuring transparency, accountability and oversight; • Supporting the adherence to the principles of rule of law and good governance; • Supporting the establishment and sustainment of processes such as force generation, recruiting, training, managing and development of personnel. Resolute Support currently has approximately 13,000 personnel from NATO Allies and partner nations. It operates with one hub (Kabul/Bagram) and four spokes (Mazar-e-Sharif in the north, Herat in the west, Kandahar in the south, and Laghman in the east).