The Chalcid Wasp Fauna (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eurytomidae, Eupelmidae, Ormyridae and Torymidae) of the City of Plovdiv

Home , Eupelmidae, Eurytomidae, Monodontomerus, Monodontomerus obscurus, Ormyridae, Ormyrus

Mollov I., D. Georgiev, O. Todorov (Eds.) Faunistic diversity of the city of Plovdiv (Bulgaria), Volume 1 – Invertebrates Bulletin of the Natural History Museum – Plovdiv Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Plovdiv, 2018, Supplement 1: 57-68

Anelia M. Stojanova*, Miroslav I. Antov

University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, Faculty of Biology, Department of Zoology, 24 Tsar Assen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, BULGARIA *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract. The published data on Eurytomidae, Eupelmidae, Torymidae and Ormyridae families collected from territory of the city of Plovdiv, Bulgaria was summarized. New records are herein presented as well. A total of 29 Eurytomids (of them 21 are new records to the region and 1 species – Eurytoma herbaria Zerova, 1994 is new to the Bulgarian fauna), 9 Eupelmids (4 are new records to the region), 16 Torymids (7 are new records to the region) and 5 Ormyrids (3 are new records to the region) are reported. New associations with plants and hosts for six chalcid wasps were established. Chorotype classification of the species is proposed.

Key words: Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, new associations, chorotype, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.

Introduction genera and three subfamilies (GIBSON, 1989; 2017). Chalcid wasps belong to the superfamily Species develop mostly as idiobiont parasitoids on Chalcidoidea of the insect order Hymenoptera. the immature stages (larvae or pupae) of many Currently about 23 000 species have been described insects concealed within protected habitats such as and catalogued, and an estimated total diversity of plant tissue or cocoons or are endoparasitoids or more than 500 000 species have yet to be studied predators of insect or spider eggs (GIBSON, 1997). (MUNRO et al., 2011; HERATY et al., 2013; Chalcid wasps of the family Torymidae Walker, NOYES, 2017). Chalcidoidea superfamily is 1833 are over 980 species belonging to 68 genera presently divided into 22 families and phylogenetic with worldwide distribution (NOYES, 2017). analysis in the group based on both morphological Torymids have diverse life history: they are and molecular data (HERATY et al., 2013). predominantly parasitoids or hyperparasitoids of Eurytomidae Walker, 1832 is a cosmopolitan various insects from 8 orders, but approximately family with over than 1400 species and 88 genera at 1/6 of the species are phytophagous (inquilines in present (NOYES, 2017). Most species are primary galls or seed-feeders associated with coniferous parasitoids or hyperparasitoids on wide range of trees and rosaceous plants) (GRISSELL, 1995). insect hosts, but the larvae of other species are Ormyridae Förster, 1856 is a relatively minor phytophagous (gall-inducers, inquilines or seed- chalcid family with about 125 species arranged into feeders). three genera (NOYES, 2017). Ormyrids are Eupelmidae Walker, 1833 is a cosmopolitan ectoparasitoids in galls induced mainly by Hymenoptera family comprising more than 1000 recognized (Cynipidae) and Diptera (Cecidomyiidae, Tephritidae, species (NOYES, 2017) classified in 44 extant Agromizidae) gall-makers (ASKEW, 1994). © Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Plovdiv Regional Natural History Museum – Plovdiv http://rnhm.org/en/ University of Plovdiv Publishing House The Chalcid Wasp Fauna (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of the City of Plovdiv

The Chalcid wasp fauna of the fourth 2017) and follows the concept of VIGNA mentioned families on the territory of the city of TAGLIANTI et al.(1999), with adaptations. Plovdiv has not been a subject of a special investigation. Only 7 species of Eurytomidae Results and Discussion (IVANOV, 1957; OVCHAROV & PELOV, 1993; A total of 29 Eurytomids, 9 Eupelmids, 16 STOJANOVA, 1999, 2000, 2001), 6 species of Torymids and 5 Ormyrids were established on Eupelmidae (NIEVES-ALDREY & MELIKA, 2005; the territory of city of Plovdiv. STOJANOVA, 2005b; ANTOV & STOJANOVA, 2015; GIBSON & FUSU, 2016; ANTOV et al., 2017; FUSU, Family Eurytomidae Walker, 1832 2017), 9 species of Torymidae (ANGELOV, 1970; ZEROVA et al., 2004; STOJANOVA, 2005b, 2007) *Bruchophagus robiniae Zerova, 1970 and 2 species of Ormyridae (STOJANOVA, 2005a) Material: Plovdiv, 165 m, 6.VI.1997, 11 have been published in chalcidological papers till females, 2 males; 23.IV.1997, 2 males; now. 13.X.1998, 6 females (ex. seeds of Robinia The aim of this article is to summarize the published data on Eurytomidae, Eupelmidae, pseudoacacia L.). Torymidae and Ormyridae families from territory General distribution: Armenia, Bulgaria, of the city of Plovdiv, Bulgaria, and to present Iran, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, new original faunistic material. Tadzhikistan. Chorotype: Turano-European. Material and Methods *Bruchophagus roddi Gussakovsky, 1933 The published data on Eurytomidae, Eupelmidae, Torymidae and Ormyridae families Material: Plovdiv, 165 m, 19.VII.1999, 64 collected from territory of the city of Plovdiv, females, 36 males (ex. seeds of Medicago sp.). Bulgaria was summarized. The original material was General distribution: Palearctic, Oriental, collected between 1965 and 2015 from territory of Nearctic, Neotropic, Australian kingdoms. the city parks of Plovdiv, mainly by sweeping. Some Chorotype: Subcosmopolitan. specimens were reared at laboratory conditions from galls, flower heads and seeds of different plants. Bruchophagus sophorae Crosby et Crosby, The list of the species presents the following 1929 data: the valid taxa name, published data for city Bruchophagus sophorae: OVCHAROV & of Plovdiv (if any), locality name, mean altitude PELOV (1993) above the sea level in meters, date of collecting, Material: Plovdiv, 165 m, 10.I.1999, 200 number and sex of specimens, host (in case of females, 170 males (ex. seeds of Sophora rearing), name of the collector (when the material japonica L.). was not collected by the authors), general General distribution: Bulgaria, Hungary, distribution and chorotype group. The material is People Republic of China, Georgia, Romania, preserved in the authors’ collections at the Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Ukraine. University of Plovdiv. Chorotype: Asiatic-European. The species recorded as new to the fauna of Plovdiv are marked with an asterisk (*) in the Eurytoma acericola Zerova, 1975 faunistic list; new to the fauna of Bulgaria species Eurytoma acericola: STOJANOVA (2001) are marked with double asterisk (**). The species are arranged in alphabetic order. General distribution: Bulgaria, Croatia, Identification of the species was done mainly Georgia, Russia, Ukraine. after ZEROVA (1976, 1995), KALINA (1981), Chorotype: Southeast European. ASKEW (1994), GRISSELL (1995), GRAHAM & GIJSWIJT (1998), ZEROVA & SERYOGINA (1998, *Eurytoma aemula Szelenyi, 1974 1999), ASKEW & NIEVES-ALDREY (2004), Material: Plovdiv, Dzhendem tepe loc., 250 GIBSON & FUSU (2016), FUSU (2017). m, 2.VI.2002, 6 females; 9.VI.2002, 14 females, 2 The chorotype classification is based on the males; 22.VI.2002, 1 male; 29.VI.2002, 2 females data of general distribution of the species (ex. galls of Aylax hypecoi Trotter on Hypecoum (GIBSON & FUSU, 2016; FUSU, 2017; NOYES, imberbe Sibth. et Sm.).

58 Anelia M. Stojanova, Miroslav I. Antov General distribution: Armenia, Bulgaria, 165 m, 15.XII.1998, 1 female, 1 male (ex. galls Mongolia, Turkey. Asphondylia verbasci on Verbascum sp.). Chorotype: Centralasiatic-European. General distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Eurytoma amygdali Enderlein, 1907 Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, France, Germany, Eurytoma amygdali: IVANOV (1957) Greece, Hungary, India, Italy, Philippines, General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Romania, Russia, Sweden, Turkey, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom. France, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Chorotype: Palearctic-Oriental. Jordan, Lebanon, Macedonia, Russia, Syria, Turkey, Ukraine. Eurytoma flaveola (Zerova, 1976) Chorotype: Turano-European. Eurytoma flaveola: STOJANOVA (2000) General distribution: Bulgaria, Georgia, *Eurytoma brunniventris Ratzeburg, 1852 Kazakhstan, Ukraine. Material: Plovdiv, Dzhendem tepe loc., 250 Chorotype: Turano-European. m, 9.IX.1998, 9 females, 1 male (ex. seeds Amorpha fruticosa L.). The association of the **Eurytoma herbaria Zerova, 1994 species with Amorpha fruticosa (Fabaceae) is Material: Plovdiv, 165 m, 24.VI.1967, 1 newly recorded. female (A. Germanov); Plovdiv, Dzhendem tepe General distribution: Andorra, Austria, loc., 250 m, 8.IX.1996, 1 female. Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belarus, General distribution: Bulgaria, Russia (Far Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, East), Turkey, Ukraine. Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Chorotype: Asiatic-European. Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Lebanon, Korea, Moldova, Morocco, *Eurytoma jaceae Mayr, 1878 Netherland, Peoples’ Republic of China, Portugal, Romania, Russia (to the Far East), Material: Plovdiv, Dzhendem tepe loc., 250 Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, m, 17.V.2002, 1 female; 19.V.2002, 3 females, 2 Ukraine, United Kingdom. males; 2.VI.2002, 7 females (ex. galls of Aylax Chorotype: Palearctic. hypecoi on Hypecoum imberbe). General distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, *Eurytoma castor Claridge, 1959 Bulgaria, Finland, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Material: Plovdiv, Ostrova loc., 165 m, 24. Israel, Romania, Russia (European part), Spain, IV. 1983, 1 female (S. Petrov). Ukraine. General distribution: Bulgaria, Germany, Chorotype: European. Sweden, United Kingdom. Chorotype: European. *Eurytoma nikolskayae Zerova, 1989 Material: Plovdiv, 165 m, 14.X.1999, 2 females, Eurytoma compressa (Fabricius, 1794) 1 male (ex. galls of Diplolepis rosae L. on Rosa sp.). Eurytoma tibialis: STOJANOVA (2000) General distribution: Bulgaria, Ukraine. General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Chorotype: Southeast European. Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, *Eurytoma pistaciae Rondani, 1877 Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Netherland, Romania, Material: Plovdiv, Dzhendem tepe loc., 250 Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, m, 9.IX.1998, 2 females (ex. seeds Amorpha Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom. fruticosa). The association of the species with Chorotype: Asiatic-European. Amorpha fruticosa (Fabaceae) is newly recorded. General distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, *Eurytoma dentata Mayr, 1878 Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Georgia, Germany, Material: Plovdiv, Adata isle, 165 m, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Japan, Romania, Russia, 5.I.1997, 3 females (ex. galls Asphondylia Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, verbasci (Vallot) on Verbascum sp.); Plovdiv, United Kingdom.

59 The Chalcid Wasp Fauna (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of the City of Plovdiv Chorotype: Asiatic-European. *Sycophila mellea (Curtis, 1831) Material: Plovdiv, 165 m, 14.VII.1967, 2 *Eurytoma robusta Mayr, 1878 females (A. Germanov). Material: Plovdiv, Dzhendem tepe loc., 250 General distribution: Bulgaria, Canada, m, 24.X.1999, 7 females (ex. Centaurea sp.). Croatia, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, General distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, Moldova, Netherland, Romania, Russia, Sweden, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, USA. Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Chorotype: Holarctic. Kazakhstan, Moldova, Mongolia, Netherland, Romania, Russia (till Far East), Serbia, Slovakia, Sycophila submutica (Thomson, 1876) Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Eudecatoma submutica: STOJANOVA (1999) Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Material: Plovdiv, Dzhendem tepe loc., 250 Uzbekistan. m, 24.X.1999, 24 females, 14 males (ex. Chorotype: Asiatic-European. Centaurea sp.). General distribution: Andorra, Austria, *Eurytoma rosae Nees, 1834 Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Material: Plovdiv, 165 m, 14.X.1999, 5 Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, females (ex. galls of Diplolepis rosae on Rosa Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, sp.) Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, General distribution: Palearctic, Oriental, Netherland, Romania, Russia (till Far East), Neotropic kingdoms. Serbia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Chorotype: Subcosmopolitan. Ukraine, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan. Chorotype: Asiatic-European. *Eurytoma strigifrons Thomson, 1876 *Sycophila variegata (Curtis, 1831) Material: Plovdiv, Dzhendem tepe loc., 250 Material: Plovdiv, Dzhendem tepe loc., 250 m, 10.XI.1997, 3 females, 1 male (ex. seeds m, 9.IX.1998, 2 females, 1 male (ex. seeds Cuscuta monogyna Vahl.); 2.IX.1998, 2 females, Amorpha fruticosa). The association of the 1 male (ex. seeds Cuscuta monogyna); species with Amorpha fruticosa (Fabaceae) is 15.XI.1998, 1 female, 2 males (ex. seeds Cuscuta newly recorded. ); 24.X.1999, 16 females, 13 males (ex. monogyna General distribution: Andorra, Austria, Centaurea sp.); 24.X.1999, 2 females, 3 males Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, (ex. seeds Cuscuta monogyna). Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Japan, General distribution: Andorra, Armenia, Jordan, Korea, Netherland, Peoples’ Republic of Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, France, China, Romania, Russia (Far East), Slovakia, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Italy, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Chorotype: Asiatic-European. Kingdom. Chorotype: Asiatic-European. *Systole conspicua Erdös, 1951 Material: Plovdiv, 165 m, 10.XI.1998, 9 *Sycophila biguttata (Swederus, 1795) females, 10 males (ex. seeds of Conium Material: Plovdiv, 165 m, 2.IX.1968, 2 maculatum L.). The association of the species females (A. Germanov). with Conium maculatum (Apiaceae) is newly General distribution: Andorra, Austria, recorded. Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, General distribution: Bulgaria, Hungary, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine. Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Jordan, Chorotype: Europeo-Mediterranean. Moldova, Netherland, Poland, Romania, Russia (till Far East), Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, *Tetramesa aciculata (Schlechtendal, 1891) Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Material: Plovdiv, Dzhendem tepe loc., 250 Chorotype: Palearctic. m, 1. III. 2003, 4 females, 3 males (ex. Stipa sp.).

60 Anelia M. Stojanova, Miroslav I. Antov General distribution: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, L.); Plovdiv, Bunardzhika, 170 m, 14.X.2008, 1 Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Moldova, female (ex. Andricus sp. galls). Mongolia, Romania, Russia (European part), Serbia, General distribution: Palearctic, Oriental, Slovakia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Afrotropical, Nearctic kingdoms. Chorotype: Centralasiatic-European. Chorotype: Subcosmopolitan.

*Tetramesa cylindrica (Schlechtendal, 1891) *Calymmochilus dispar Bouček & Material: Plovdiv, Dzhendem tepe loc., 250 Andriescu, 1967 m, 1.III.2003, 7 females, 1 male (ex. Stipa sp.). Material: Plovdiv, 165 m, 07.VI.1966, 1 General distribution: Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, female (А. Germanov) (Det. G. A. P. Gibson, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, 2013). Mongolia, Romania, Russia (European part), General distribution: Armenia, Bulgaria, Serbia, Slovakia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine. Croatia, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Chorotype: Centralasiatic-European. Romania, Serbia, Spain. Chorotype: Turano-European. *Tetramesa dispar Zerova, 1965 Material: Plovdiv, Dzhendem tepe loc., 250 * Eupelmus (Eupelmus) azureus Ratzeburg, m, 1. III. 2003, 2 females, 1 male (ex. Stipa sp.). 1844 General distribution: Bulgaria, Hungary, Material: Plovdiv, 180 m, 19.III.1997, 3 Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Romania, Russia females, 1 male (ex. Cynipidae galls on Quercus (European part), Ukraine. sp.). Chorotype: Centralasiatic-European. General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, France, Germany, *Tetramesa fulvicollis (Walker, 1832) Greece, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Lebanon, Material: Plovdiv, Ostrova loc., 165 m, 21. Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Turkey. III. 1976, 2 females (S. Petrov). Chorotype: West Palearctic. General distribution: Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Greece, Hungary, Eupelmus (Eupelmus) confusus Al khatib, Montenegro, Netherlands, Romania, Russia 2015 (European part), Slovakia, Sweden, Turkey, Eupelmus (Eupelmus) confusus: GIBSON & Ukraine, United Kingdom. FUSU (2016). Chorotype: European. Material: Plovdiv, 180 m, XI.1997, 3 females *Tetramesa gracilipennis Szelenyi, 1968 (ex. Althaea sp.); Plovdiv, Dzhendem tepe, 250 m, 16.XI.1997, 1 female; 02.III.1998, 2 females, 1 male Material: Plovdiv, 165 m, 8.V.1985, 2 females (S. Petrov). (ex. Cuscuta monogyna); 14.X.1999, 11 females, 6 General distribution: Bulgaria, Hungary, males (ex. Amorpha sp.); 24.X.1999, 1 female (ex. Romania, Russia (European part), Ukraine. Centaurea sp.); 16.XI.1999, 3 females, 1 male (ex. Chorotype: Southeast European. Acer campestre L.); 22.V.2005, 1 female (ex. Aylax hypecoi galls on Hypecoum imberbe.); Tetramesa phleicola (Hedicke, 1921) 01.XII.2006, 1 female, 1 male (ex. Robinia Tetramesa phleicola: STOJANOVA (2001) pseudoacacia) (det. G. A. P. Gibson, 2015); General distribution: Bulgaria, Czech 21.XI.2007, 1 female (ex. R. pseudoacacia) (det. G. Republic, Germany, Russia (European part), A. P. Gibson, 2015); 07.II.2008, 1 female (ex. Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Asteraceae inflorescences) (det. G. A. P. Gibson, Chorotype: European. 2015); 14.X.2008, 5 females, 1 male (ex. seeds of Amorpha fruticosa) (det. G. A. P. Gibson, 2015); Family Eupelmidae Walker, 1833 14.X.2008, 2 females (ex. pods of R. pseudoacacia) (det. G. A. P. Gibson, 2015); 16.V.2015, 1 female *Anastatus bifasciatus (Geoffroy, 1785) (ex. A. hypecoi galls on H. imberbe). The Material: Plovdiv, Dzhendem tepe loc., 250 association of the species with A. campestre m, 24.X.1999, 1 female (ex. Centaurea stoebe (Aceraceae), Althaea sp. (Malvaceae), A. hypecoi

61 The Chalcid Wasp Fauna (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of the City of Plovdiv (Cynipidae), Centaurea sp. (Asteraceae) and H. General distribution: Austria, Belgium, imberbe (Papaveraceae) is newly recorded. Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, General distribution: Armenia, Bulgaria, France including Corsica, Germany, Greece, Canary Islands, Crimea, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Hungary, Iran, Italy, Lebanon, Montenegro, Republic, Egypt, England, France (Corsica), Morocco, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Jordan, Lebanon, Macedonia, Montenegro, Switzerland, Syria, Turkey, United Kingdom. Netherlands, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Chorotype: West Palearctic. Switzerland, Turkey, United Arab Emirates. Chorotype: West Palearctic. Eupelmus (Macroneura) aseculatus (Kalina, 1981) Eupelmus aseculatus: ANTOV & STOJANOVA Eupelmus (Eupelmus) microzonus Förster, 1860 (2015); Eupelmus (Macroneura) aseculatus: Eupelmus microzonus: STOJANOVA (2005b); ANTOV et al. (2017); FUSU (2017). NIEVES-ALDREY & MELIKA (2005); ANTOV & Material: Plovdiv, Dzhendem tepe loc., 250 STOJANOVA (2015); Eupelmus (Eupelmus) m, 23.V.2004, 1 female (ex. Aylax hypecoi galls microzonus: ANTOV et al. (2017). on Hypecoum imberbe; 01.XI.2006, 3 females Material: Plovdiv, Dzhendem tepe loc., 250 (ex. A. hypecoi galls on H. imberbe); 02.VI.2011, m, 24.X.1999, 17 females, 5 males (ex. 18 females (ex. A. hypecoi galls on H. imberbe). Centaurea sp.); 1 female (ex. Centaurea stoebe General distribution: Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, L.); 19.V.2001, 5 females (ex. A. hypecoi galls on Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Israel, Italy, Hypecoum imberbe); 19.V.2002, 5 females, 3 Romania, Spain, Turkey. males (ex. Aylax hypecoi galls on H. imberbe); Chorotype: Turano-European. 29.V.2002, 41 females, 7 males (ex. A. hypecoi Eupelmus (Macroneura) messene Walker, galls on H. imberbe); 02.VI.2002, 39 females, 4 1839 males (ex. A. hypecoi galls on H. imberbe); Eupelmus vesicularis: STOJANOVA (2005b); 09.VI.2002, 10 females (ex. A. hypecoi galls on Eupelmus (Macroneura) messene: FUSU (2017). H. imberbe); 17.V.2003, 2 females (ex. A. Material: Plovdiv, 180 m, 19.III.1997, 2 hypecoi galls on H. imberbe); 02.VI.2003, 1 females (ex. Cynipidae galls on Quercus sp.); female (ex. A. hypecoi galls on H. imberbe); Plovdiv, Dzhendem tepe loc., 250 m, 22.V.2004, 2 females (ex. A. hypecoi galls on H. 19.V.2001, 13 females (ex. Aylax hypecoi galls imberbe); 29.V.2004, 14 females (ex. A. hypecoi on Hypecoum imberbe); 19.V.2002, 4 females galls on H. imberbe); 22.V.2005, 119 females (ex. (ex. A. hypecoi galls on H. imberbe); 17.V.2003, A. hypecoi galls on H. imberbe); 02.VI.2007, 2 17 females (ex. A. hypecoi galls on H. imberbe); females, 1 male (ex. A. hypecoi galls on H. 02.VI.2003, 1 female (ex. A. hypecoi galls on H. imberbe). The association of the species with imberbe). Centaurea stoebe (Asteraceae) is newly recorded. General distribution: Argentina, Armenia, General distribution: Afghanistan, Bulgaria, Australia, Austria, Azores, Bulgaria, Canada, Canada, Canary Islands, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Colombia, Czech Republic, France, Greece, Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Japan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Israel, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Madeira, Moldova, New Zealand, Peoples’ Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Montenegro, Republic of China, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Morocco, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, Russia (till Far East), Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, United Kingdom, USA. Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Chorotype: Cosmopolitan. United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan. Chorotype: Holarctic. Eupelmus (Macroneura) vladimiri Fusu, 2017 *Eupelmus (Eupelmus) urozonus Dalman, 1820 Eupelmus (Macroneura) vladimiri: FUSU Material: Plovdiv, Dzhendem tepe loc., 250 (2017) m, 28.IV.2000, 1 female (ex. Cynipidae galls on Material: Plovdiv, Dzhendem tepe loc., 250 Quercus sp.). m, 22-29.V.2004, 5 females (ex. Aylax hypecoi

62 Anelia M. Stojanova, Miroslav I. Antov galls on Hypecoum imberbe); 16.VI.2004, 1 General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, female (ex. A. hypecoi galls on H. imberbe); Czech Republic, France, Hungary, Romania. 18.V.2015, 1 female (ex. A. hypecoi galls on H. Chorotype: European. imberbe). General distribution: Albania, Bulgaria, Idiomacromerus papaveris (Förster 1856) Croatia, Cyprus, Greece, Iran, Montenegro, Idiomacromerus papaveris: STOJANOVA (2007) Turkey. General distribution: Andorra, Austria, Chorotype: Turano-European. Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Family Torymidae Walker, 1833 Macedonia, Moldova, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Exopristoides hypecoi Zerova et Stojanova, 2004 Chorotype: Turano-European. Exopristoides hypecoi: ZEROVA et al. (2004) Material: Plovdiv, Dzhendem tepe loc., 250 *Idiomacromerus terebrator (Masi, 1916) m, 18.V.2015, 12 females, 8 males (ex. galls of Material: Plovdiv, 165 m, 2.IX.1968, 1 Aylax hypecoi (Cynipidae) on Hypecoum female (A. Germanov). imberbe); 5.VI.2015, 17 females, 12 males (ex. General distribution: Armenia, Bulgaria, galls of A. hypecoi on H. imberbe). Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Macedonia, Moldova, General distribution: Bulgaria, Iran. Romania, Russia, Ukraine, United States of Chorotype: Turano-European. America, Uzbekistan. Chorotype: Holarctic. *Exopristus trigonomerus (Masi, 1916) Material: Plovdiv, Dzhendem tepe loc., 250 Megastigmus aculeatus (Swederus, 1795) m, 24.X.1999, 2 females (ex. Centaurea sp.). Megastigmus aculeatus: ANGELOV (1970) General distribution: Bosnia and Material: Plovdiv, 165 m, 20.V.1966, 1 Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, female (A. Germanov); Plovdiv, Dzendem tepe France, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Italy, loc., 250 m, 10.I.1997, 13 females. 3 males (ex. Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Moldova, Mongolia, Rosa sp. fruits). North Africa, Romania, Russia (European part), Slovakia, Spain, Tadzhikistan, Turkey, General distribution: Palearctic, Oriental, Turkmenistan, Ukraine. Afrotropical, Nearctic, Neotropic, Australian, Antarctic kingdoms. Chorotype: Centralasiatic-Mediterranean. Chorotype: Cosmopolitan. Glyphomerus aylax Stojanova, 2005 Microdontomerus annulatus (Spinola, 1808) Glyphomerus aylax: STOJANOVA (2005b) Microdontomerus annulatus: STOJANOVA Material: Plovdiv, Dzhendem tepe loc., 250 (2007) m, 18.V.2015, 28 females, 12 males (ex. galls of General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Aylax hypecoi (Cynipidae) on Hypecoum Croatia, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Germany, imberbe); 5.VI.2015, 11 females, 18 males (ex. Hungary, Iran, Italy, Libya, Moldova, Montenegro, galls of A. hypecoi on H. imberbe). Pakistan, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, General distribution: Bulgaria, Iran, Ukraine. Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Chorotype: Turano-European. Chorotype: Palearctic.

Idiomacromerus budensis (Erdös 1955) Monodontomerus obscurus Westwood, 1833 Idiomacromerus budensis: STOJANOVA (2007) Monodontomerus obscurus: ANGELOV (1970) General distribution: Bulgaria, Hungary, Moldova. Material: Plovdiv, 165 m, 20.VII.1965, 2 Chorotype: Southeast European. females (A. Germanov); 7.VI.1966, 2 females (A. Germanov); 20.V.2004, 1 female. Idiomacromerus mayri (Wachtl, 1883) General distribution: Azores, Bulgaria, Idiomacromerus mayri: ANGELOV (1970) Canada, Chile, Croatia, Czech Republic,

63 The Chalcid Wasp Fauna (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of the City of Plovdiv Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Hungary, *Torymus flavipes (Walker, 1833) Iran, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Material: Plovdiv, Dzhendem tepe loc., 250 Macedonia, Moldova, Netherland, Pakistan, m, 28.IV.2000, 5 females, 1 male (ex. galls Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Biorhiza pallida (Oliver) on Quercus sp.); Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Turkmenistan, 2.IV.2001, 10 females, 9 males (ex. galls on Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of Quercus sp.); 11.IV.2007, 12 females, 4 males America. (ex. galls Biorhiza pallida on Quercus sp.). Chorotype: Holarctic. General distribution: Andorra, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech *Pseudotorymus papaveris (Thomson, 1876) Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Material: Plovdiv, Dzhendem tepe loc., 250 Israel, Italy, Netherland, Peoples’ Republic of m, 2. VI. 1999, 4 females, 4 males (ex. Papaver China, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, sp. boxes). Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, America. Moldova, Mongolia, Netherland, Romania, Chorotype: Holarctic. Serbia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine. Chorotype: Asiatic-European. Torymus ventralis (Fonscolombe, 1832) Torymus ventralis: ANGELOV (1970) *Torymoides dispar (Masi, 1916) General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Material: Plovdiv, 165 m, 14.VII.1967, 2 Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, females (A. Germanov). France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, General distribution: Albania, Azerbaijan, Montenegro, Netherlands, Romania, Russia Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, (European part), Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, Italy, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Russia, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Slovakia, Syria, Turkey, Ukraine. Chorotype: European. Chorotype: European. Family Ormyridae Förster, 1856 *Torymoides kiesenwetteri (Mayr, 1874) Material: Plovdiv, 165 m, 7.IX.1967, 2 Ormyrus gratiosus (Förster, 1860) females (A. Germanov); 9.VIII.1968, 1 female Ormyrus gratiosus: STOJANOVA (2005a) (A. Germanov). General distribution: Armenia, Austria, General distribution: Andorra, Bulgaria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Canary Islands, Croatia, Czech Republic, Egypt, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Kazakhstan, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Macedonia, Moldova, Nepal, Peoples’ Republic Russia (European part), Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, of China, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan. United Kingdom, Yemen. Chorotype: Asiatic-European. Chorotype: Palearctic. Ormyrus nitidulus (Fabricius, 1804) *Torymus auratus (Müller, 1764) Ormyrus nitidulus: STOJANOVA (2005a) Material: Plovdiv, Dzhendem tepe loc., 250 m, Material: Plovdiv, Bunardzhika, 230 m, 19. III. 1997, 3 females (ex. galls on Quercus sp.). 14.X.2008, 2 females (ex. Andricus sp. galls on General distribution: Andorra, Austria, Quercus) (V. Vasilska). Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, General distribution: Algeria, Andorra, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bosnia and Iran, Italy, Moldova, Morocco, Netherland, Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Denmark, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States Hungary, Iran, Italy, Jordan, Macedonia, of America. Netherlands, North Africa, Romania, Russia Chorotype: Holarctic. (European part), Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia,

64 Anelia M. Stojanova, Miroslav I. Antov Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, species and Tetramesa – 6 species. Of them, 21 United Kingdom, United States of America. are new records to the region and 1 species – Chorotype: Holarctic. Eurytoma herbaria is new to the Bulgarian fauna. Nine Eupelmids from three genera: *Ormyrus orientalis Walker, 1871 Anastatus with 1 species, Calymmochilus with 1 Material: Plovdiv, Dzhendem tepe loc., 250 species and Eupelmus with 7 species are m, 21.XI.2007, 1 female (ex. Centaurea sp.) (V. reported for the fauna of the city of Plovdiv. Vasilska); Plovdiv, Bunardzhika, 230 m, Four of them are new records to the region. A 18.XII.2006, 1 female (ex. Centaurea sp.) (V. total of 16 Torymids from 10 genera: Vasilska) Exopristoides – 1 species, Exopristus – 1 species, General distribution: Afghanistan, Glyphomerus – 1 species, Idiomacromerus - 4 Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Canary Islands, species, Megastigmus – 1 species, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Microdontomerus – 1 species, Monodontomerus Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Italy, – 1 species, Pseudotorymus – 1 species, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Pakistan, Torymoides – 2 species and Torymus - 3 were Russia (till Far East), Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, established; 7 species of them are new records to Tadzhikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, the region. Five Ormyrids from the genus Uzbekistan. Ormyrus are herein reported; 3 of them are new Chorotype: Asiatic-European. records to the city of Plovdiv. As a result of our study, we established new *Ormyrus pomaceus (Geoffroy, 1785) associations with plants and hosts for six chalcid Material: Plovdiv, Dzhendem tepe loc., 250 wasps. We collected from Dzhendem tepe locality m, 09.IX.1996, 1 female (ex. seeds of Amorpha seeds of Amorpha fruticosa (Fabaceae), which is fruticosa); 14.VIII.2004, 2 females (ex. Andricus native to United States, Canada and Mexico. The quercustozae (Bosc) galls on Quercus sp.); plant is introduced in Europe and Asia, but at 14.X.2008, 2 females (ex. Neuroterus sp. galls on present is categorized as an invasive species in Quercus sp.) Bulgaria. In laboratory we reared 3 eurytomids General distribution: Andorra, Austria, from Amorpha seeds - Eurytoma brunniventris, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Eurytoma pistaciae and Sycophila variegata Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, together with a large number Acanthoscelides Iran, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Korea, Moldova, pallidipennis Motschulsky, 1874 (Coleoptera: Montenegro, Netherlands, Peoples’ Republic of Bruchidae). The primary hosts of the reared species China, Poland, Romania, Russia (till Far East), are mostly cynipid gall makers (Hymenoptera: Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Cynipidae) (NOYES, 2017), but in our study, a seed Ukraine, United Kingdom. beetle is the possible host of the parasitoids. Chorotype: Asiatic-European. The association of the Systole conspicua with Conium maculatum (Apiaceae) is herein newly *Ormyrus wachtli Mayr, 1904 recorded. According to BOUČEK (1952) and Material: Plovdiv, Sahat tepe loc., 200 m, NOYES (2017), the larvae develop in the seeds of 14.X.2008, 1 female (ex. Centaurea sp.) (V. Anthriscus scandicina Mansf. (Apiaceae). Vasilska). Anthriscus longirostris Bertol. (Apiaceae) is General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, reported as a host as well (ZEROVA, 1995). Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Hungary, Iran, The polyphagous species Eupelmus confusus Italy, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Romania, Russia, and Eupelmus microzonus have very wide range Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine. of hosts from Diptera, Hymenoptera, Chorotype: Asiatic-European. Lepidoptera and Coleoptera orders (NOYES, 2017). In our study we established new A total of 29 Eurytomids were established on associations with Acer campestre (Aceraceae), the territory of Plovdiv City that belong to 5 Althaea sp. (Malvaceae), Hypecoum imberbe genera: Bruchophagus – 3 species; Eurytoma – (Papaveraceae), Centaurea sp. (Asteraceae) and 15 species; Sycophyla – 4 species; Systole – 1 Aylax hypecoi (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) for the

65 The Chalcid Wasp Fauna (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of the City of Plovdiv first species, and with Centaurea stoebe territories of Palearctic have not been studied (Asteraceae) for the second one. with regard to the fourth families (Siberia, The current distribution of the chalcid wasps China, Central and East Asia, the of Eurytomidae, Eupelmidae, Torymidae and Mediterranean), so it is not possible at present Ormyridae families is related not only to the to make complete zoogeographic analysis. time and place of origin, the speed of evolution The chorotype classification of the and dispersion, the current and past ecological reported species of Eurytomidae, situation, but also the spread of their hosts. Eupelmidae, Torymidae and Ormyridae The information about the distribution families to the territory of Plovdiv is patterns of the species is not full. Huge presented on Fig. 1.

Fig. 1. Chorotypes of the species of families from the territory of Plovdiv. Abbreviations: COS – Cosmopolitan, SCO – Subcosmopolitan, HOL – Holarctic, PAL – Palearctic, WPA – West Palearctic, ASE – Asiatic-European, CAE – Centralasiatic-European, CAM – Centralasiatic- Mediterranean, TUE – Turano-European, EUR – European, SEE – Southeast-European, PAO – Palearctic-Oriental, EUM – Europeo-Mediterranean.

The species are arranged in 13 chorotype References groups and the most numerous groups are Asiatic- ANGELOV P. 1970. Neue Chalcidoidea für die European (13 species), Turano-European (9 species), Holarctic (7 species) and European (with Fauna Bulgariens. Travaux 7 species). With an equal number of species, 4 Scientifiques de l’Universite de Plovdiv, respectively, are presented Southeast-European, Biologie, Animalia, 8 (1): 137-140. (In Centralasiatic-European and Palearctic groups and Bulgarian, Russian and German West Palearctic group includes 3 species. With the summaries). lowest and equal number of species, 1 respectively, ANTOV M., A. STOJANOVA. 2015. Published are presented Palearctic-Oriental, Europeo- and data and new records to the fauna of Centralasiatic-Mediterranean groups. Eupelmidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) in We recorded 2 species with Cosmopolitan Bulgaria. ZooNotes, 83: 1-11. and 3 species with Subcosmopolitan spread ANTOV M., I. STOYANOV, A. STOJANOVA, T. from Eurytomidae, Eupelmidae and Torymidae STAYKOVA. 2017. Allozyme variability families. Expanding the range of all these in three Eupelmus species species is a result of human activity. (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) from

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67 The Chalcid Wasp Fauna (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of the City of Plovdiv STOJANOVA A. 2005a. Ormyridae family Халцидната фауна (Hymenoptera: (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) in Bulgaria. Chalcidoidea: Eurytomidae, Eupelmidae, In: GRUEV A, M. NIKOLOVA, A. DONEV Ormyridae и Torymidae) на град (Eds.), Proceedings of the Balkan Scientific Пловдив conference of Biology in Plovdiv (Bulgaria), May 19-21, 2005. Part II., АнелияМ . Стоянова , МирославИ . Антов Plovdiv University Press, Plovdiv, 392-396. STOJANOVA A. 2005b. Glyphomerus aylax sp. n. Резюме: Публикуваните данни за (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) from Bulgaria. семейства Eurytomidae, Eupelmidae, Revue suisse de Zoologie, 112(1): 173-182. Torymidae и Ormyridae за територията на STOJANOVA A. 2007. The Torymid fauna град Пловдив, България са обобщени. В (Hymenoptera, Torymidae) of Bulgaria: резултат на проведеното проучване са published data and new records. Linzer установени: 29 вида Eurytomidae, от които biologische Beitrage, 39(1): 657-665. 21 са нови за региона, а 1 – Eurytoma VIGNA TAGLIANTI A., P. AUDISIO, M. BIONDI, herbaria Zerova, 1994 е нов за фауната на M. BOLOGNA, G. CARPANETO, A. DE България; 9 вида Eupelmidae, 4 от които са BIASE, S. FATTORINI, E. PIATTELLA, R. нови за региона; 16 вида Torymidae, 7 от SINDACO, A. VENCHI, M. ZAPPAROLI. които са нови за региона и 5 вида 1999. A proposal for a chorotype Ormyridae, 3 от които са нови за региона. За classification of the Near East fauna, in 6 халцидни вида са установени нови the framework of the Western Palearctic асоциации с растения и гостоприемници. region. Biogeographia, 20: 31-59. Предложена е хоротипна класификация на ZEROVA M. 1976. Fauna USSR. Hymenoptera, видовете. VII (6). Family Eurytomidae, subfamilies Rileyinae and Harmolitinae. Leningrad, Nauka, 230 p. (In Russian). ZEROVA M. 1995. Parasitic Hymenoptera – Eurytominae and Eudecatominae of Palaearctics. Kiev, Naukova dumka, 457 p. (In Russian). ZEROVA M. D., L. Y. SERYOGINA. 1998. Chalcidoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) – Ormyridae and Torymidae (Megastigminae) of the Ukrainian fauna. Vestnik Zoologii, Supplement 7: 65 pp. (In Russian, English summary). ZEROVA M. D., L. Y. SERYOGINA. 1999. Torymid chalcidoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Torymidae) of tribes Podagrionini and Monodontomerini of the Ukrainian fauna. Vestnik Zoologii, Supplement 13: 130 p. (In Russian, English summary). ZEROVA M., A. STOJANOVA, L. SEREGINA. 2004. Taxonomic status of the genus Exopristoides (Hymenoptera, Torymidae) with description of a Exopristoides new species from Bulgaria. Entomological Review, 84(7): 840-845.