DOCSLIB.ORG

Of the Eleventh Parliament Of

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Of the Eleventh Parliament Of PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY OF THE FIRST SESSION (2015-2017) OF THE ELEVENTH PARLIAMENT OF GUYANA UNDER THE CONSTITUTION OF THE CO-OPERATIVE REPUBLIC OF GUYANA HELD IN THE PARLIAMENT CHAMBER, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, BRICKDAM, GEORGETOWN 78TH Sitting Friday, 8TH December, 2017 Assembly convened at 10.21 a.m. Prayers [Mr. Speaker in the Chair] PUBLIC BUSINESS GOVERNMENT’S BUSINESS MOTION MOTION FOR THE APPROVAL OF THE ESTIMATES OF EXPENDITURE FOR 2018 WHEREAS the Constitution of the Cooperative Republic of Guyana requires that Estimates of the Revenue and Expenditure of the Cooperative Republic of Guyana for any financial year should be laid before the National Assembly; AND WHEREAS the Constitution also provides that when the Estimates of Expenditure have been approved by the Assembly an Appropriation Bill shall be introduced in the Assembly providing for the issue from the Consolidated Fund of the sums necessary to meet that expenditure; AND WHEREAS the Estimates of Revenue and Expenditure of the Cooperative Republic of Guyana for the financial year 2018 have been prepared and laid before the Assembly on 2017- 11-27. 1 NOW, THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED: That this National Assembly approves the Estimates of Expenditure for the financial year 2018, of a total sum of two hundred and forty three billion, three hundred and seventy five million, two hundred and eighty eight thousand dollars ($243,375,288,000), excluding twenty three billion, seven hundred and eighteen million, four hundred and eighty three thousand dollars ($23,718,483,000) which is chargeable by law, as detailed therein and summarised in the undermentioned schedule, and agree that it is expedient to amend the law and to further provision in respect of finance. [Minister of Finance] Assembly resumed Budget debate. Mr. Speaker: Hon. Members, the Assembly will now resume the Budget debate for the year 2018. This is day five of our debate. The first speaker has already delivered their statement on day three. So, the first Member to speak today will be the Hon. Raphael Trotman. You have the floor, sir. Minister of Natural Resources [Mr. Trotman]: Thank you, Mr. Speaker. Good morning, Colleagues and Members of Parliament. Mr. Speaker, in rising to make my contribution to this debate on Budget 2018, under the apt theme: The Journey to the Good Life Continues, I believe that my first duty is to join with Members of the House, both on the Government’s side and the side of the Opposition, to congratulate and thank the Minister of Finance and his capable team for presenting the fourth Budget of this A Partnership for National Unity/Alliance For Change (APNU/AFC) Government. This Budget, a mid-term Budget, is one that is designed deliberately and specifically to allow us to rise to the challenges that have been encountered and to foster the conditions for the creation of opportunities for the renewal and the expansion of the economy in order to secure the “Good Life” that lies ahead in the future. Our Minister of Finance has outlined a number of strategic objectives for 2018, which includes: “…consolidating the macroeconomic fundamentals; fostering higher growth for more and better jobs; improving the quality of life of our people; investing in skills development; 2 investing massively in infrastructure; doing more to facilitate business; stimulating growth and employment in the productive sectors; and supporting micro, small and medium enterprises, among others.” We recall that His Excellency the President graced this House with his presence on 2nd November, 2017, just a few weeks ago and adumbrated the Coalition Government’s policies on the common good, as he termed them, for the ensuing year. This Budget adds the proverbial flesh to the frame and the nuts and bolts to the chassis of the framework that the President has laid down on the 2nd November, 2017. This has been a challenging and testing year, both ministerially and politically. And yet, it has not been without its triumphs in each, such that we can say proudly that we had been embattled but we have not withered. We are fighting a good fight. We will finish this race and, at the end, we would have kept the faith; all the while, we recall that it is, “Not by might nor by power, but by My Spirit, says the LORD of hosts”, that we will overcome. I feel particularly honoured, this morning, as I am sure all of my Colleagues, feel the honour to be a member of a college of Ministers and Members of Parliament (MPs), who are filled with a passion to transform this country. We are all committed in humility and with the wisdom that we have been bestowed to find ways to work through differences and difficulties that attend coalitions, in particular, and Governments, in general. I am proud of the leadership of President Granger and Prime Minister Nagamootoo. And I have unmitigated admiration for my Colleague Ministers who persevere against great opposition and uncertainties. Yesterday, Minister Henry, in fact, showed emotion that we all feel inside and many of us contain. But those of us who have been privileged to serve the people of Guyana as a Minister, and there are many on that side, would know that it is no easy task. The Coalition is not without its challenges. But, as Leader of the AFC, I say that the Coalition is strong and the Government of this country is strong. The AFC is comfortable and happy with the leadership of Brigadier David Arthur Granger and we will fight to defend the legacy of the APNU/AFC Government, despite all of the attacks that are levelled against this Government. Today, we, as a nation, are faced with the terribly painful reality of the state of the sugar industry. Everyone who confronted this week’s newspapers must feel a sense of sadness and pain for those who have laboured today, yesterday and over the centuries for what was described at 3 one time as the sweet of Europe. All of us, save and except our Indigenous brothers and sisters, came here because of sugar. We well know the pain that was mainstreamed to that journey. Today, I wish to salute all of the workers and, hopefully, offer them a new vision that will take some time to fill, yes, but not so much time that we cannot plan now for it. We will not abandon the right of the workers to be treated with dignity and in keeping with the provisions of the law. The Government will not abandon you, I say to the workers, in your period of transition. In 2020, the first revenues from oil, a product that has created global upheavals over the decade, will come on stream, here in Guyana. We have heard little else, over the last few months, than words about disease, curses, corruption and disaster. But while we must ensure that none of that long list of what I have just read out becomes a reality, we should not let it become our vision of the future. Oil has the possibility, nay, even the obligation, to bring about change. We need an oil change in this country. Our centuries old engines are failing and our drivers, in every sense, have to be changed. We have a new product and we must create a new country where we retain and retool our old and young to take advantage of this. I am acutely aware of the anxiety and weight that the closure of sugar factories will bring to all Guyana. That is why I am both relieved and pleased to announce that the entire contract, as first revealed by Minister Harmon, of the ExxonMobil, Hess Corporation and China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) Nexen will be revealed in the month of December, 2017. And when it is revealed, it will be seen that this contract is no different to any one that had been inked and signed by the previous Administration and I believe that many are going to be disappointed because they believe that something was hidden. Some of us who have had the fortune, online or to have seen the newspapers this morning, would have seen a front page on two newspapers, which, I believe, was deliberately organised to cause some embarrassment to this Government. But the Government is not ashamed, embarrassed nor afraid of any attempt to stymie it or to cause it to cower in fear. It is well known that we have entered into a contract with ExxonMobil and its partners Hess Corporation and Nexen. I wish to, for the benefit of this House, state some of the more salient aspects of that contract. I do not know if there is some move to say that there is something special about it. I should say, I recall, as my good Colleague, Minister of Public Health, pointed out a few minutes ago, that they meant evil by releasing this letter, which is a standard letter, but the Lord 4 meant it for good. I recall the words of Joseph to his brothers when it was that they thought that they had sold him or had gotten rid of him. But he had been sent ahead, in fact, to prepare for a famine that was to come. And he said to them, in Genesis 50:20: “As for you, you meant evil against me, but God meant it unto good in order to bring to pass this present result to preserve many people alive.” Nothing that this Government has done, yesterday, today and will do in the future, was done and will be done except to preserve the lives of the people of Guyana.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Edgar Mittelholzer Memorial Lectures
    BEACONS OF EXCELLENCE: THE EDGAR MITTELHOLZER MEMORIAL LECTURES VOLUME 3: 1986-2013 Edited and with an Introduction by Andrew O. Lindsay 1 Edited by Andrew O. Lindsay BEACONS OF EXCELLENCE: THE EDGAR MITTELHOLZER MEMORIAL LECTURES - VOLUME 3: 1986-2013 Preface © Andrew Jefferson-Miles, 2014 Introduction © Andrew O. Lindsay, 2014 Cover design by Peepal Tree Press Cover photograph: Courtesy of Jacqueline Ward All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form without permission. Published by the Caribbean Press. ISBN 978-1-907493-67-6 2 Contents: Tenth Series, 1986: The Arawak Language in Guyanese Culture by John Peter Bennett FOREWORD by Denis Williams .......................................... 3 PREFACE ................................................................................. 5 THE NAMING OF COASTAL GUYANA .......................... 7 ARAWAK SUBSISTENCE AND GUYANESE CULTURE ........................................................................ 14 Eleventh Series, 1987. The Relevance of Myth by George P. Mentore PREFACE ............................................................................... 27 MYTHIC DISCOURSE......................................................... 29 SOCIETY IN SHODEWIKE ................................................ 35 THE SELF CONSTRUCTED ............................................... 43 REFERENCES ....................................................................... 51 Twelfth Series, 1997: Language and National Unity by Richard Allsopp CHAIRMAN’S FOREWORD
    [Show full text]
  • [Flags of Europe]
    Flags of Europe Item Type Book Authors McGiverin, Rolland Publisher Indiana State University Download date 06/10/2021 08:52:56 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10484/12199 Flag Flags of Europe: A Bibliography Rolland McGiverin Indiana State University 2016 i Contents Country 14 Flags of Europe: Andorra 15 European Union 1 Country 15 NATO 1 Andorra la Vella 15 European Contenant 1 Parish 15 Armed forces 6 Armenia 15 Merchant marine 9 Country 15 Navy 10 Asti 17 Abkhazia 11 Country 17 Partially Recognized State 11 Austria 17 Adjara 12 Country 17 Autonomous Republic in Georgia 12 Nagorno-Karabakh 19 Region 19 Aland 12 Autonomous part of Finland 12 Austro-Hungarian Empire 19 Political 12 Country 19 Ethnic 19 Albania 13 Navy 19 Country 13 Belarus 20 Alderney 13 Country 20 British Crown dependency 13 Air Force 21 Amalfi Republic 13 Armed forces 21 Country 13 Ethnic 21 Armed forces 14 Government 22 Ethnic 14 Azerbaijan 22 Political 14 Country 22 Tirana 14 Ethnic 22 County 14 Political 23 Cities and towns 14 Talysh-Mughan 23 Region 23 Anconine Republic 14 Grodno 23 ii Region 23 Cospaia, Republic 33 Barysaw 24 Country 33 Gomel 24 Krasnasielski 24 Croatia 33 Smarhon 24 Country 33 Hrodna 24 Region 24 Ethnic 33 Dzyatlava 24 Karelichy 24 Cyprus 34 Minsk 25 Country 34 Region 25 North Cyprus 34 Minsk 25 Nicosia 34 Mogilev 25 Czech Republic 34 Belgium 25 Country 34 Country 25 Cities and Towns 35 Armed forces 26 Prague 35 Ethnic 27 Czechoslovakia 35 Labor 27 Country 35 Navy 28 Armed forces 37 Political 28 Cities and Towns 37 Religion 29 Ethnic 38 Provinces
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings and Debates of the National Assembly of the First
    PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY OF THE FIRST SESSION (2015-2016) OF THE ELEVENTH PARLIAMENT OF GUYANA UNDER THE CONSTITUTION OF THE CO-OPERATIVE REPUBLIC OF GUYANA HELD IN THE PARLIAMENT CHAMBER, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, BRICKDAM, GEORGETOWN 50TH Sitting Wednesday, 7TH December, 2016 The Assembly convened at 10.05 a.m. Prayers [Mr. Speaker in the Chair] PUBLIC BUSINESS GOVERNMENT’S BUSINESS MOTION MOTION FOR THE APPROVAL OF THE ESTIMATES OF EXPENDITURE FOR 2017 WHEREAS the Constitution of the Cooperative Republic of Guyana requires that Estimates of the Revenue and Expenditure of the Cooperative Republic of Guyana for any financial year should be laid before the National Assembly; AND WHEREAS the Constitution also provides that when the Estimates of Expenditure have been approved by the Assembly an Appropriation Bill shall be introduced in the Assembly providing for the issue from the Consolidated Fund of the sums necessary to meet that expenditure; 1 AND WHEREAS the Estimates of Revenue and Expenditure of the Cooperative Republic of Guyana for the financial year 2017 have been prepared and laid before the Assembly on 2016- 11-28. NOW, THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED: That this National Assembly approves the Estimates of Expenditure for the financial year 2017, of a total sum of two hundred and thirty billion, three hundred and forty nine million and seventy nine thousand dollars ($230,349,079,000), excluding nineteen billion and seven hundred and seventy four million, and eighty seven thousand dollars ($19,774,087,000) which is chargeable by law, as detailed therein and summarised in the undermentioned schedule, and agree that it is expedient to amend the law and to make further provision in respect of finance.” [Minister of Finance] Assembly resumed budget debate.
    [Show full text]
  • Flag Research Quarterly, July 2016, No. 9
    FLAG RESEARCH QUARTERLY REVUE TRIMESTRIELLE DE RECHERCHE EN VEXILLOLOGIE JULY / JUILLET 2016 No. 9 ARTICLE A research publication of the North American Vexillological Association / Une publication de recherche de Flag Proportions: l‘Association nord-américaine de vexillologie Thoughts on Flag Families and Artistic Unity within Displays of Multiple Flags By Steven A. Knowlton and Adam C. Sales* The proportions of a flag are an integral part of a flag’s design. In some cases, the proportions are the only way to distinguish between otherwise identical flags, such as Monaco (16:21) and Indonesia (2:3).1 Bruce Nicolls notes that medieval flags were often square or even taller than they were wide, but the seventeenth century saw an increase of their widths, likely due to “the increasing use of flags at sea, where the additional length improved flying qualities and reduced the rate ALL OTHERS of fraying.”2 Today, almost all flags are rectangular and longer than they are tall. Aside from those common traits, however, flags display a remarkable diversity of proportions, as shown in 3:5 2:3 figure 1. The proportions of the flags of colo- INSIDE / SOMMAIRE Page nial powers exert an influence on 1:1 Editor’s Note / Note de la rédaction 2 post-colonial flags, even when those The National Flag of Japan 7 flags of independence bear no other Vexillo-Bibliography 14 graphic resemblance to their predeces- sors. For example, the unusual ratio of NAVA 50 schedule and reservations 16 Figure 1. Frequency of proportions occurring in the United States flag, 10:19, is found national flags.
    [Show full text]
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs Annual Report 1999
    ('r • ) t Ministry of Foreign Affairs • "Service within and beyond our borders" • • .. Annual Report 1999 • • ~ · ,. ./ . TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Mission Statement ................................................................................................ 3 Executive Summary ............................................................................................... 4 Department of Americas and Asia ........................................................................ 7 Economic Affairs Department ............................................................................. 20 Multilateral and Global Affairs Department .. ............................................ ............. 35 Minister's Secretariat ..................................................................... ... .................. 46 Public Affairs and Information Unit .................. ................. ........................ ......... ... 57 Administration and Finance Department .. .. ........... .......... .................................. .. 59 Protocol and Consular Affairs Department .......................................................... 61 Guyana Embassy - Beijing .................................................................................. 64 Guyana Embassy- Brasilia ............................................ .......... ........................... 71 Guyana Embassy - Brussels ............. .............................. ........................ ....... ...... 88 Guyana Embassy - Caracas ........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Music As Sound, Music As Archive: Performing Creolization in Trinidad
    Middle Atlantic Review of Latin American Studies, 2020 Vol. 4, No. 2, 144-173 Music as Sound, Music as Archive: Performing Creolization in Trinidad Christopher L. Ballengee Anne Arundel Communtiy College, Maryland [email protected] This article positions performance as a key concept in understanding creolization. In doing so, it situates music as both sound and archive in analyses of Trinidadian tassa drumming, soca, and chutney-soca. Musical analysis provides useful insights into the processes of creolization, while revealing colonial and postcolonial relationships between groups of people that give shape and meaning to the music, past and present. I draw on notions of music as sound to further analyze the forces that work to control the Trinidadian soundscape by promoting or marginalizing musical styles in an effort to shape musical production according to the ideal of creole culture. I conclude by suggesting that the conventional notion of the archive has from its very beginnings been connected with elite desires to enumerate and historicize positions of power. In this context, musical performances analyzed in this study emerge as subaltern archival practices that run alongside mainstream archives and popular interpretations of history. In listening to Trinidadian music as sound and archive, I trace present and potential social structures while providing new ways of thinking about creolization as performance. Keywords: Indian Caribbean, tassa, soca, chutney-soca, creolization, performance Este artículo posiciona el performance como un concepto clave para entender la creolización. Al hacerlo, sitúa la música como sonido y archivo en los análisis del tamborileo tassa, la soca y la soca-chutney de Trinidad.
    [Show full text]
  • Of Education
    Social Studies For Our Children Book6 .••, ~ A GOG/EFA-FTI Project ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Ministry of Education wishes to acknowledge the work done by the following persons who were involved in the production of the first edition: Ruth Persico, (team leader) Chery1 Foster Myrtle Fraser Pearl Marks Winifred Toney Marvin Bart Maylene Duncan Franciene Doris The work of the following persons who were involved in the production of the second edition is also acknowledged: Andrew Kartick Philip Kartick Claudette Phoenix * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * © 2004 Ministry of Education, Georgetown, Guyana. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior pern1ission of the copyright owner. Published by The Ministry of Education Georgetown, Guyana. Printed by VonHoffmann Corporation Revised 2004 ll SOCIAL STUDIES FOR OUR CHILDREN BOOK6 WRlTlNG TEA11: Ruth Persico [team leaderl Cheryl Foster Myrtle Fraser Pearl Marks Winifred Toney SUBJECT SPECIALIST: Marvin Bart ILLUSTRATOR: l\llaylene Duncan DESIGN TYPIST: Franciene Doris GRAPHICS PLACED BY: Franciene Doris COVER DESIGN BY: ivfaylene Duncan Marvin Bart A GOG/EFA-FTI Project Easy Path Series NOT FOR SALE PRINTED FOR THE l\illNISTRY OF EDUCATION GOVERNMENT OF GUYANA. iii FOREWORD One welcomes the publication of this series of textbooks as parl of the Primary Education Improve1nent Project funded by the Tnter-A1ncrican Development Bank and the Government of Guyana. This selies of texts has been long in planning, writing and producing. In the process however, many Guyanese have developed skills in textbook writing and publication. This will serve Education well in the future.
    [Show full text]
  • The Use of Food and Diet to Manage and Control Type 2 Diabetes in South Trinidad: Intersections of Contemporary Medicine, Folk Medicine, and Every Day Experience
    The Use of Food and Diet to Manage and Control Type 2 Diabetes in South Trinidad: Intersections of Contemporary Medicine, Folk Medicine, and Every Day Experience by Chantelle Ramsundar A Thesis presented to The University of Guelph In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts In Public Issues Anthropology Guelph, Ontario, Canada © Chantelle Ramsundar, March 2018 i ABSTRACT THE USE OF FOOD AND DIET TO MANAGE AND CONTROL TYPE 2 DIABETES IN SOUTH TRINIDAD: INTERSECTIONS OF CONTEMPORARY MEDICINE, FOLK MEDICINE, AND EVERY DAY EXPERIENCE Chantelle Ramsundar Advisor: University of Guelph, 2018 Dr. Elizabeth Finnis Committee member: Dr. Hannah Tait Neufeld In this thesis, I examine how type 2 diabetes is managed and treated globally in a country defined as an “emerging economy”. In areas of new development, while contemporary medical treatments are more universally accepted, such as prescribed medication, folk medical treatments can still be more accessible to specific areas. Foods, and access, are important variables to take into consideration when discussing the treatment of type 2 diabetes, thus making it a focus of my argument. I argue that the conceptualization of diabetes in Southern Trinidad is influenced by folk beliefs of disease and the human body, and that conversely, the treatment measures provided to those who are diagnosed are reflective of North American ideas of prescription medication and treatment (such as diet and exercise). What this does is create a dissonance between what is “good” versus “bad” for the human body, with variables attached to identity at the centre of the conflict such as gender, culture, food, and memories.
    [Show full text]
  • Engineering Ecological Modernization of Agriculture
    Engineering Ecological Modernization of Agriculture / Exploring the Potential of Tropical Biological Resources for Innovation / Towards a Bio-Economic Development of Caribbean Countries. Michel Naves, Valérie Angeon, Bérengère Merlot, Louis Fahrasmane, Jean-Louis Diman, Patrick Labbé, Patricia Traffond, Wilfredo Colòn, Harry Ozier-Lafontaine To cite this version: Michel Naves, Valérie Angeon, Bérengère Merlot, Louis Fahrasmane, Jean-Louis Diman, et al.. En- gineering Ecological Modernization of Agriculture / Exploring the Potential of Tropical Biological Resources for Innovation / Towards a Bio-Economic Development of Caribbean Countries.: Proceed- ings of the 52nd Annual Meeting. 2016, Le Gosier, Guadeloupe. 52.Annual Meeting of the Caribbean Food Crops Society, Jul 2016, Gosier, Guadeloupe. 52, Caribbean Food Crops Society, 312 p., 2017, Caribbean Food Crops Society Proceedings. hal-02791194 HAL Id: hal-02791194 https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02791194 Submitted on 5 Jun 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. ©Caribbean Food Crops Society ISSN 95-07-0410 Copies of this publication may be obtained from: CFCS Treasurer Agricultural Experiment Station Jardín Botánico Sur 1193 Calle Guayacán San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936-1118 CFCS Website: http://cfcs.eea.uprm.edu/ Mention of company and trade names does not imply endorsement by the Caribbean Food Crops Society.
    [Show full text]
  • November-December 2014 $1.00
    November-December 2014 $1.00 November-December 2014/Scarboro Missions 1 GUEST EDITORIAL ear friend of ScarboroD Missions... “...tidings of Thank you for your faithful great joy” prayers and generosity to us. We will continue to be good CONTENTS By Fr. Ron MacDonell, S.F.M. stewards of all your gifts as we Vicar General put ourselves at the service of FEATURES “The angel said to them, ‘Do not be afraid; for see— others. Searching for Padre Juan I am bringing you good news of great joy for all the By Jo-Ann Ortega 4 We welcome enquiries about Scarboro’s people: to you is born this day in the city of David priest and lay missioner programs. Colourful Guyana a Saviour, who is the Messiah, the Lord.” By Donna Joy Tai 8 Please contact: (Luke 2:10-11) Fr. Ron MacDonell (priesthood): Passing on the Light [email protected] Reprinted from Wellspring 12 e all like to get good Carolyn Doyle (laity): Finding God’s fingerprint news. When we answer [email protected] By Ashley Aperocho 14 the phone or read an www.scarboromissions.ca W Learning how to be email, joyful news makes us come alive. By Paulina Gallego 15 We feel uplifted and desire to share the news with others. This is what happened more than Vocation is a continuing journey 2,000 years ago when the shepherds received the By Deacon Luis Lopez 16 “tidings of great joy” from the angel of God who told Summer School Express them that Jesus the Christ was born.
    [Show full text]
  • South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean
    PUB. 160 SAILING DIRECTIONS (PLANNING GUIDE) ★ SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN AND INDIAN OCEAN ★ Prepared and published by the NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY Bethesda, Maryland © COPYRIGHT 2006 BY THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT NO COPYRIGHT CLAIMED UNDER TITLE 17 U.S.C. 2006 FOURTH EDITION For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Internet: http://bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800; DC area (202) 512-1800 Fax: (202) 512-2250 Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-0001 Preface Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlan- Currents.—Current directions are the true directions toward tic Ocean and Indian Ocean, Fourth Edition, 2006, is issued for which currents set. use in conjunction with the following Sailing Directions (En- Distances.—Distances are expressed in nautical miles of 1 route) Publications: minute of latitude. Distances of less than 1 mile are expressed Pub. 123, Pub. 124, Pub. 171, Pub. 172, Pub. 173, in meters, or tenths of miles. Pub. 174, and Pub. 175. Geographic Names.—Geographic names are generally those used by the nation having sovereignty. Names in paren- This publication has been corrected to 4 March 2006, includ- theses following another name are alternate names that may ing Notice to Mariners No. 9 of 2006. appear on some charts. In general, alternate names are quoted only in the principal description of the place. Diacritical marks, Explanatory Remarks such as accents, cedillas, and circumflexes, which are related to specific letters in certain foreign languages, are not used in the Sailing Directions are published by the National Geospatial- interest of typographical simplicity.
    [Show full text]
  • Convergence and Unification: the National Flag of South Africa (1994) in Historical Perspective
    CONVERGENCE AND UNIFICATION: THE NATIONAL FLAG OF SOUTH AFRICA (1994) IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE by FREDERICK GORDON BROWNELL submitted as partial requirement for the degree DOCTOR PHILOSOPHIAE (HISTORY) in the Faculty of Humanities University of Pretoria Pretoria Promoter: Prof. K.L. Harris 2015 i Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................................... iii ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................. iv ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ................................................................................... v CHAPTER I - INTRODUCTION: FLYING FLAGS ................................................................ 1 1.1 Flag history as a genre ................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Defining flags .............................................................................................................. 4 1.3 Flag characteristics and terminology ......................................................................... 23 1.4 Outline of the chapters ............................................................................................... 28 CHAPTER II- LITERATURE SURVEY: FLAGGING HISTORIES .................................... 31 2.1 Flag plates, flag books and flag histories ................................................................... 31 2.2 Evolution of vexillology and the emergence of flag literature
    [Show full text]