Steel Industry

ZR22G, ZR402G Insitu Oxygen Measurement

The demand on US steel producers is at its highest level since the 1970's. #1

Yokogawa provides products and expertise that help industry improve processing AXF Magnetic efficiency and reduce operation costs. Flowmeter

GC1000 MARK II Gas Chromatograph STEEL INDUSTRY

PH450, pH Analyzer SC450, Conductivity Analyzer ISC450, What does vigilance® mean to Yokogawa? For starters, always, always making sure the # products and solutions that leave our research and development labs are the best the world has 4 Inductive Conductivity seen - from day one throughout your business life cycle. Our innovative technologies and committed experts help design, install and manage your production systems efficiently and dynamically. In an ever-changing business environment, we help plan for the future to ensure continuity and flexibility in your automation strategies. Yokogawa goes the extra mile to do things Yokogawa Electric Corporation right. Let us be vigilant about your business. World Headquarters 9-32, Nakacho 2-chome, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8750, Japan Represented by: http://www.yokogawa.com

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Yokogawa Electric China Co., LTD #6 K. Wah Centre 28, 29F 1010 Huai Hai Rd. (M) CX1000 Shanghai 200031, China http://www.yokogawa.com/cn/ Bulletin No. 01E20A01-01E Digital Recorder

COKE OVEN HOT BlAST STOVE REHEAT FURNACES SECONDARY PROCESSES

Coke is produced when coal is heated to drive off volatile matter A gas chromatograph is used to measure the composition and Blast furnace top gas has considerable energy value. It is burned Intermediate steel products such as slabs or billets are rolled to contained within. Coal is indirectly heated in coke ovens by burning BTU content of the coke oven gas. Coke gas is a good fuel that in stoves that preheat the air for the hot blast into the blast furnace shape in a steel mill. The steel is heated in a reheat furnace to GAS NITRIDING coke-oven off gas in heating flues in the coke oven’s side walls. can be utilized in various combustion processes. The BTU value tuyeres. Any top gas not used is sent to the boiler house for soften the steel for the rolling process. Natural gas or fuel oil GAS NITRIDING GAS CARBURIZING is used for oven burner control and for custody transfer accounting use generating steam for various purposes. In both instances an burners create heat along the furnace length. Gas nitriding is a hardening Carburizing is a hardening An oxygen measurement is used to maintain the fuel / air ratio when the coke gas is sold to other locations. oxygen measurement is used to improve fuel efficiency, lower Oxygen concentration is measured at different locations within the process performed on a variety process in which carbon efficiency of the combustion in the heating flues. A 10% increase emissions and for verification of safe process conditions. furnace length to determine combustion efficiency, control process of metals. The nitriding is dissolved in the surface in excess air changes fuel usage by 1%. Coke oven off gas stream oxidation conditions and to help reduce furnace NOx emissions. layers of a low-carbon steel. Location: Temperatures: 400 - 700°F furnace is normally oxygen- GC1000 Mark II with sample system free (<1% O ) to prevent The result is a metal with Recommended product: Location: Blast stove flue gas stream 2 Temperatures: 400 - 600°F Temperatures: 1000 - 1300°F oxidation, which can hardness, producing a strong, ZR402G, ZR22G Locations: Combustion gas flue duct Recommended product: Locations: Heat zone, soak zone, oxidation zone compromise metal quality. wear-resistant surface layer on a material. A problem with Recommended product: ZR22G, ZR402G Recommended product: ZR22G, ZR22P, ZR402G Nitrogen is injected into the BASIC OXYGEN FURNACE furnace to purge the gas carburizing is the control environment of air followed of the gas within the furnace COKE Oven Cooling water Plates Oxygen #1 #3 by an ammonia purge; this to generate the correct amount Slabs and Thin Slabs Pipe Products of carbon monoxide (CO). #1 #3 establishes an oxygen free environment and acts as a If this is not controlled blanket gas. The N or H accurately, carbon dioxide Exhaust gases REHEAT FURNACE 2 2 Hot Rolled Sheets content is measured at the (CO2) can begin to form, furnace inlet or retort exhaust which leads to scale formation Hot to gauge purity. and oxide formation on the Strip Mill surface of the metal. # # 1 6 Hot Rolled Coils Temperatures: 930 – 1020°C The CX line of recorders Billet Location: have programmed capability #1 #2 #3 Pickle #5 Furnace inlet, retort exhaust to control the furnace’ s Bloom Line Molten iron Recommended product: atmosphere and temperature. Pickled Oiled Coils GD402/GD40 HOT BLAST STOVE Recommended product: Slab Cold CX1000 / CX2000 with carbon Mill master sensor Cold Rolled Coils and Sheets ELECTRIC ARC FURNACE ANNEALING PICKLING Heat Treating, Carbon Electrodes Coating and Finishing Lines Annealing is the process After steel has been heat of bringing the material to treated, welded, etc, layers #4 #5 # 6 its softest possible point. of colored oxides and scale The material is heated then are present. Some of these slowly cooled to reduce oxides can lower the corrosion its hardness and ductile resistance of the metal and, BLAST FURNACE Seamless properties. The annealing therefore, must be removed Tube Produces molten pig iron from iron ore. atmosphere can be either via the pickling process. pure H2 or an H2/N2 mixture. The pickling process removes The H2 helps to keep the the contaminants from the Charge of scrap metal surface of the product free of metal’s surface by using Blooms and Billets Structural Mill CO2 at high temperatures. acids such as nitric, BLAST FURNACE Product quality may be greatly hydrofluoric, sulphuric, compromised if oxidation hydrochloric, etc, without The blast furnace is used to make pig iron from iron ore. A gas chromatograph is used to analyze the blast furnace top gas occurs therefore accurate gas damaging the metal’s surface. Bars and measurements are crucial. The acid concentration is An aggregate of iron ore, coke, limestone, sinter and fluxes are composition. The air / coke reaction results in a complex exhaust Rods monitored to make certain charged into the top of the furnace while preheated air is blasted gas stream of CO, N2, H2 and CO2. The CO concentration is a into nozzles (tuyeres) at the bottom. The air reacts with the coke key measurement to determine the process efficiency. BLAST FURNACE Temperatures: 500 – 650°C it is sufficient for scale and oxide removal. to make CO and tremendous heat that purifies and melts the ASIC XYGEN URNACES Location: aggregate charge. The molten iron collects in the bottom of the A water cooling system is imbedded within the blast furnace walls B O F (BOF), Temperatures: 60°C Furnace inlet furnace. The exhaust gas (top gas) is captured, cleaned and used to help keep the infrastructure cool during operation. Multiple water LECTRIC RCH URNACES Temperatures: ~80°C Location: Blast furnace top gas stream lines, typically 2” in size, are run through the column. The cooling E A F (EAF) Recommended product: for fuel in other areas of the plant. Location: Recommended product: GC1000 Mark II with sample system water can contain scale, silt, sand, etc., which makes a magnetic Pig iron, fluxes and scrap are reacted with pure oxygen to create GD402/GD40 Process line The oxygen measurement on the blast furnace ensures an flow meter the perfect choice to measure the cooling water flow steel. Carbon in the molten metal charge reacts with CO2 to adequate air flow rate through the tuyeres to maintain the rates. Inlet and outlet flow rates are measured to check for form CO which is either burned in the process or off gassed to a Recommended product: process melt temperature and also for safety purposes to cooling system leaks. pollution control system. EXA PH402/SC402/ISC402 prevent hazardous conditions. T emperature: up to 150°F Top gas from a BOF or EAF is similar to that of a BF. The product applications are also similar. T emperatures: Various Flow range: up to 150 GPM Location: Blast furnace waste gas stream Location: Inlet and outlet of blast furnace water cooling system Recommended product: ZR22G, ZR22P, ZR402G Recommended product: AXF Magnetic flow meter