VOLUME II SATURDAY, NOVEMBER I, 1902 NUMBER 18

What a Blast Furnace Is and How It Works

Popular Article for the Scientifically Uneducated on the Parts of a Furnace and How Pig Iron Is Made.

1 HE following article on the construc- may be accepted as an accurate statement of how tion and operations of blast furnaces pig iron is made. The editor wishes to take this was written especially for Camp and opportunity to thank these gentlemen for their Plant Mr. A of the by Harry Deuel, painstaking and careful work. Engineering Department of the Min- have articles nequa Works. It was afterwards Arrangements been madefor other carefully revised, and approved in all in "popular," though accurate, form, descriptive details by Mr R. H. Lee, superin- of other departments of the coal, coke, iron and tendent of the Blast Furnace Department, and steel industry.

" Boiler House. Engine House. Furnace Stack. Stoves. Blast furnace B. Blast Furnace "A," Minnequa Steel Works, Pueblo.

This view well illustrates the different external parts of "A" Furnace of which, except for minor modifica- tions, "D," "E" and "F" are duplicates Each of these furnaces is 20 feet x 95 feet, is fitted with automatic skip hoists and with the very b st and most modern equipment. This vi-w was taken, however, before the ore. coke and limestone bins, from which the skip is now automatically loaded, were installed. There are four stoves to each furnace. 21 feet in diameter by 106 feet high. Each of the tall draft stacks is 12 feet 6 inches in diameter in the clear, by 210 feet high. 4J8 CAMP AND PLANT.

is in tech- it does is I HE man who not educated attended by some loss of life and nical matters, and who makes a tour great damage to property, due to the water of inspection of the Minnequa Works being flashed into steam, generating a force of The Colorado Fuel and Iron Company car- as great, if not greater, than that of explod- ries away a lasting impression of the mag- ing dynamite. nitude of the blast furnaces, and the com- The bottom of the hearth consists of tile plicated and to him incomprehensible nature made of the best fire clay, and in a special of their operations. The object of this paper form. This is several feet in thickness. The is, accordingly, to try and make clear the bottom extends up in the "Hearth Jacket" various appliances of a blast furnace and a foot or so. The "Hearth Jacket," which is 1 their method of operation. constructed of boiler plate about l /^ inches We have excluded technicalities and minor thick, completely surrounds the hearth. details so that the "layman" may be able to Tnis jacket has holes cut in it on different comprehend the workings of one of the radii to admit of tapping the slag and iron. "miniature volcanoes," as the daily papers The holes are called notches; thus the lower sometimes call them. one is called the "Iron Notch," and the upper Foundations. one is called the "Cinder Notch." The iron Being designed for permanency, a blast notch is at the bottom and is arranged to furnace has to have a solid foundation, and draw off all the molten iron in the furnace. for this purpose the ground is excavated in The cinder notch is three to four feet higher this region to a depth of about fifteen feet, and taps the slag. where what is practically bed rock is found. The hearth has a concentric area out- The foundation is built of stone, concrete side of the jacket that is always filled with and brick, a cement mortar being used running water. On the inside of the jacket, throughout, so that, when finally hardened, pipes extend down seven feet in the brick the whole has the consistency of solid rock. work, and are capped at the ends. These The retaining walls that support the cast pipes are connected with others of smaller house and the runways for the molten iron diameter open at the ends and nearly the and slag are run up about fifteen feet above same length that act as feed pipes. The the general yard level, and the interior is water, entering through the small pipes, filled with sand. Sand is used for the rea- passes up through the large pipe and over- son that it is readily shaped for runways, flows into the concentric space mentioned; and any iron which may form along the this in turn flows over a dam and thence sides can easily be removed, which is neces- to the sump. This arrangement keeps the sary after every '"cast," that is, every time hearth from burning out, which it would the hot metal is withdrawn from the fur- otherwise do in a short time. nace. The Bosh. Parts of the Blast Furnace Proper. The "Bosh" runs from the hearth up to a The furnace proper may be divided into height of about 25 feet, or as far as the four sections: 1, The "Hearth or Cruci- "mantle," which rests on top of the columns, ble;" 2, the "Bosh;" 3, the Stack," and, and, is attached to and supports the "shell" 4, the "Top" or "Head Frame and Bells." or "stack" so that the bosh and stack are The Hearth. independent of each other.* The hearth, which is directly above the The bosh is built of the best quality of foundations, is. about 8 feet high and 21 feet fire brick, liberally interspersed with cool- in diameter, and is lined with 4% .feet of ing plates. The cooling plates are made of fire brick on each side, making the well 12 bronze and arranged so water circulating feet in diameter. This is where all the passes through prescribed channels. molten iron is collected and the refuse slag Beginning at the hearth there is one row is drawn off. The construction is so ar- of cooling plates, and directly above come ranged that the hearth is constantly cooled the "tuyeres," ten in number, arranged by running water. At the same time every about the same center, but with different precaution is taken that there may be no radii. These are the openings where the possibility of the iron and water getting air blast is introduced into the furnace. together. This rarely happens, but when They are well protected from the intense CAMP AND PLANT. 419

Vertical Cross-Section of Bosh of Blast Furnace.

1. Cooling Plate. 2. Iron Notch. 3. Bnstle Pipe. 420 CAMP AND PLANT.

Gas Main

Hot Blast Mam

Stoves

Bustle Pif.

Cold Blast Mam

"1;^{"1-^Fr"t-~"-^

Blowing

Encjines.

Plan of Furnace A. CAMP AND PLANT. 42 J heat by circular cooling cones, one fitting bridge, the cars being called skips. Each against another, and the last or smaller one car has a separate track, one directly over entering the furnace six inches or so, which the other, the lower end of the bridge ter- is the tuyere proper. minating in a pit enabling the cars to pass Above the tuyeres come alternate courses below the ground level and be loaded con- of cooling plates and brick work. The veniently. brick are encircled by iron bands that bind The cars are operated by an electric the brick and support the enormous load hoist, so arranged that one car acts as a exerted by the stock or charge. These ex- counterbalance to the other. The engineer tend as .far as the mantle, and above the who runs the hoist also operates the bells. mantle are two rows, so constructed that By means of an indicator he can tell in ex- they can remain till the furnace is "re- actly what position the bells are and con- lined," which in some cases may not be for sequently the charge or stock. several years. The charge is carried to the skip cars by The Stack or Shell. means of an electric scale car, which runs The stack or shell begins at the mantle along parallel to the bins. Everything that and extends upward to the top. This is goes into the furnace being weighed, the made of riveted boiler plate. Inside the product bears a definite relation to the stack a lining is built of first-class fire brick charge. for about two-thirds of the distance up, and The Down-Comer and Gas Washer. the remaining third of second-class Directly below the top of the furnace are fire brick. Common brick is used for the two openings that connect with a "Y" "backing" between the fire brick and the shaped pipe callled the "Down-Comer." This shell. The lining extends to the hopper at pipe runs to the dust catcher, a tank-shaped the top of the furnace. affair, where the dust in the gas is partly The Top or Head Frame and Bells. removed. The down-comer is connected The top of the furnace is where the ore, with the gas washers, one for the boiler coke and limestone are introduced. On plant and one for the "stoves,'' where the account of a deadly gas, carbon monoxide, gas is washed and purified. which is always present, but in different From the gas washer one gas main leads proportions, it is aimed to make the furnace to the boilers, where the gas is burned and gas-proof. Another object in having the used to generate steam for the blowing en- top of the furnace tight is so that the gases gines. The other connects with a gas main may be utilized as will be explained later. that leads to the "stoves." The Hopper and Bells. The Stoves. The hopper, or large receptacle, cylindri- The stoves are the four large cylindrical, cal in form, receives all substances that dome-capped, steel structures shown in the are charged into the furnace. The bottom view on page 417. The stoves are complete- of the hopper is closed by a cone-shaped ly filled with fire brick with cubical spaces casting called a bell, from its form. This between to allow free passage of the gases is the small bell, for directly below is a and air. This is called "checkered work" larger one. The bells are operated by and is so arranged that for the gas to pass steam cylinders and levers, perfectly in- through the stoves it is necessary for it dependent of each other. to travel to the top and then down again, How the Bells Work. the two passages being entirely separate The method of operation is for the small except at the top. bell to be dropped, when the charge moves The passages connect with valves at both down around the large bell. The small bell ends, so the passage of the gas can be con- is then closed and the large bell dropped, trolled. The valve on one side is called the when the charge falls into the furnace. This Chimney Valve, and the valve on the other mechanism is all operated from the ground side is called the Hot Blast Valve. One and is supported by a structural steel frame stove will serve to show the operation of called the head frame, which also supports the four. the bridge on which run the cars carrying The gas passes from the gas washer to the charge. This bridge is called the skip a burner that can be thrust into the stove 422 CAMP AND PLANT.

Charging Cars.

Skip Bridge.

Dust-catcher. Gas Washers

I

SeaJe Car.

dp Pit.

Section of Blast Furnace A.

Vertical Section of Bosh of Blast Furnace. CAMP AND PLANT. 423

or withdrawn. The gas having been ignit- tuyeres, and in the lower part of the bosh, ed and the flame directed into the stove, it where it is most needed. passes up to the top and then down and out Everything about a furnace except the through the chimney valve, when it con- cold blast main is lined with fire brick to tinues through a flue that connects with the keep it from being "cut out" by the hot big chimney which furnishes draft for the gases. stoves. Blowing Engines. After this has been burning gas passing The blowing engines are supplied with the stove for two or three through hours, steam by the boiler plant, which in turn is the brick in the stove becomes highly heat- supplied with heat from the burning furnace ed. The gas is then shut off and the stove gas, so that practically the furnace not only made air tight. The chimney valve is then makes pig iron, but supplies its own motive and a connection established with dropped power. Thus every bit of energy possible is the cold blast main. The hot blast valve is saved. then opened and a passage made for the The furnaces at our Steel Works are also air to on the combustion in the fur- carry so constructed that the slag is also utilized nace. in lining the large reservoirs in which the The of the air is as follows: The passage water is collected. In fact, to furnish the blowing engines shown in the illustration of the fiery monster drinking water is one on page 424 are located conveniently and serious problems of running a blast furnace are connected directly with the cold blast on the plains. main by a pipe running from the main to One furnace requires in twenty-four hours the top cylinders, called air tubs. These over eight million gallons of water. When tubs have a reciprocating piston, actuated we consider that the city of Pueblo uses on by a steam piston directly below, and have' the average less than twenty million gallons mechanically actuated valves. A pressure" and that the capacity of .'the pumps of both is produced of fifteen to twenty-five 'pounds - water systems is only forty-three million to the square. inch, depending on the revolu- is a day, we realize how much water ' gallons etc. The air is driven into the cold tions, used in 'one blast- furnace. Wtiere water is blast main, 'whence it is carried to tfte so scarce, if would not- "do- to waste any, so stoves. In its passage through the stoves w<- have, cooling .racks,' or cooling sumps, it becomes heated to the tempera- 1 nearly that -are 'Mike 'long and wide flights of ture of the heated fire brick. It then- passes stairs.' The -water is introduced, by gravity, blast to the bustle through the hot main - falls -over in "a -trough at the '.top. It then surrourrds the pipe (which 'pipe completely the rack and collects into tlie sunip .or basin, furnace), from the bustle pipe through the. is to the "stand- pipe 'and . where 'it pumped and into -the furnace. tuyeres used over again and again. All'-the water The 'air on entering the furnace has a tem- that gets away<; is- about 10 per cent. perature around 1000 Fahrenheit, which Operation of the Furnace. temperature is produced entirely by the util- is substan- ization of the waste gases from the furnace, The operation of the furnace flux and as described above. As the entering air must tially as follows:' After the ore, raised coke are unloaded 'in -the assigned to . be to the temperature of the incan- ^bins bins descent coke inside the furnace, it is ob- each, the scale car, passing along the alternate viously of advantage to raise it as nearly and operated by electricity, takes to this temperature as possible by the use charges of each and in definite proportions, of the waste gases, and thus save part of determined by the ore to be smelted, and the fuel which would be required to do this. charges the load into the skip car, which is in to it. The chemical action, also, of hot and cold waiting the skip pit receive When the it is air .is different, and without going into tech- skip car is loaded, hauled up to the nicalties, the effect of using highly heated furnace top by the electric hoist, and dis- air is to concentrate the heat around the charged into the hopper, when the bells are 424 CAMP AND PLANT. dropped and the charge admitted to the fur- Lime 3.84 .50 1.86 nace. In blast furnace "A" the average Magnesia 1.64 7.63 .79 charge is made up as follows: Coke unit, Moisture . ..12.06 2.44 3.70 10,800 pounds, average ore burden, 16,000 Average of Cinder Analysis. to 20,000 pounds; lime burden, 5,000 to 6,000 Furnace Furnace Furnace pounds. "A" "B" "C" The average analysis of ores used by The Silica 37.60 36.40 37.54 Colorado Fuel and Iron Company is as fol- Alumina 12.74 12.74 12.69 lows: Lime 42.57 40.00 39.18 Orient. Union Hill. Suniise. Magnesia 3.93 6.63 5.76 Iron 48.41 56.73 55.12 The stock in the furnace is in va- Phosphorus 026 .016 .045 rious states of combustion from the top down Silica 9.78 5.22 8.98 to the hearth. At the top the charge will not Manganese 2.00 .98 be ignited, but as it gradually de- Sulphur 038 .54 .048 scends in the furnace combustion takes

Alumina . .87 1.67 3.61 place. When at the tuyeres it will have its

Blowing Engines tor Blast Furnace "A."

These engines, except for the fact that they have open frames while those for the other furnaces are of the "tree trunk" or bell frame type, are identical with those of the other three new furna"es. They are of the vertical cross-compound, condensing, quarter crank, steeple type. The steam cylinders are 41 and 90 inches in diameter, with 60-inch stroke; the two air cylinders are 90 inches in diameter with 60-inch stroke. I he total weight of each engine is about 1,000,0 K) pounds. Each pair of furnaces is provided with five engines, one of which is used as a spare. It is noteworthy that the low-pressure cylinder, 90 inches or 7 14 feet in diameter, in- side measurement, is quite large enough for a boy on a pony to ride through with plenty of room overhead. The horse power of each is 2,000, CAMP AND PLANT. 425

maximum temperature, due to the fast rate of combustion at this point. Finally the Bulletin charge becoming liquid, the iron being the heaviest constituent, will gravitate to the bottom and the slag, consisting of the flux Argelo, Joe, of Tabasco, who was admitted gange in th'e ore and any other ' foreign to the hospital October 12 on account of substance, will float on top, like cork on lacerations of his right foot, had three toes water. This characteristic enables the slag amputated and is now doing well. iron be The and to easily separated. slag Arnijio, B., of El Moro, who was admitted is drawn off at the cinder notch quite often. to the hospital August 2 with a contused The iron is six times tapped every twenty- right ankle, is some better. four hours. Baptiste, John, of Coalcreek, who was ad- When the iron notch is tapped there is a mitted October 16 on account of a contused considerable thickness of fire clay and gan- eye, is doing very well. ister to drill through before the iron will start. When the iron is once tapped it rap- Barteck, Steve, of Starkville, who was idly enlarges the hole and runs out like a admitted to the hospital September 8 on ac fire dragcn, sputtering and sparkling. It is count of typhoid fever, will soon go home. in of fifteen caught ladle cars, each about Beloti, Joe, of Brookside, who came to tons the is all the capacity. When iron out, the hospital September 13 suffering with iron notch is with and cemented clay gan- typhoid fever, is doing well, is up and ister by the use of a "mud gun," which has around, and will go home- soon. a reciprocating piston operated by steam Bible, John, of Coalbasin, who was ad- and a plunger that forces the mud into the mitted to the hospital October 22 on ac- notch, where it soon bakes. count of a severe laceration of his left hand, The ladle cars are hauled around to the is doing well. pig casting machine, where the iron is cast Calangie, Parie, of Segundo, who came into molds. In a short time it will be poured to the hospital September 6 with a fractured into a large vessel called a "mixer/' where left shoulder blade, is improving. it will be kept liquid till wanted. Chappetti, Pete, of Madrid, New Mexico The new mills, when in operation, will (Los Cerrillos Mines), who was admitted to be so systematized that from the time the hospital July 2 with a hepatic abscess when the crude ore goes into the furnace (abscess of the liver), and who was operat- till the finished metal comes out in steel ed upon July 5, went home October 27. rails, angle bars, etc., it will never be at of Coalbasin, who was ad- less than a white heat, the operation being Conti, Dana, mitted to the hospital March 21 with two continuous. It is apparent that this is a broken had an to wire his time-saving arrangement as well as a money legs, operation saver. right leg, and had erysipelas, but is getting better, and will be up again soon. Everything about our plant is designed as of who was ad- strong as consistent with the duty to be per- Degarro, Charles, Tabasco, mitted to the 25 on ac- formed, so there will be the least possible hospital September count of went home last week. liability of breakdowns, that interfere with typhoid fever, the continuity of the great plant. Output Del mar, Frank, of Starkville, who was ad- is what is desired and to this end large mitted to the hospital September 10 on ac- shops and an electric power station, a pump- count of typhoid fever, had a relapse, but ing station, a railroad system and the mul- is again better and is walking about. titude of accessories that it takes to keep Dyson, Thomas, of Sopris, who was ad- up improvements and running repairs, are mitted to the hospital October 17 on ac- maintained. Everything is of the latest and count of a dislocation of the spine, is doing most approved design, and it is safe to say surprisingly well considering the very severe no steel plant in the world will be better nature of his injuries. equipped than the Minnequa Works when Fabritzio, Stephen, of Brookside, who was everything now under way and planned for admitted to the hospital October 24 on ac- is finished. count of typhoid fever, is quite ill. 426 CAMP AND PLANT.

the left collar bone and a Garagliano, Louis, of Berwind, who came of a fracture of to the hospital September 15, and who was contusion of the spine, is doing well. came to operated upon for tubercular glands on the McGann, James, of Tercio, who 13 for of right side of his neck, is better and is now the hospital September amputation of his up and around. the second, third and fourth fingers to home. Guiseppi, Antonio, of Primero, who was right hand, is nearly ready go admitted admitted to the hospital October 26 suffer- Maga, Frank, of Brookside, was from ing with typhoid fever, is doing nicely. to the hospital October 24, suffering Hegedus, Joseph, of Primero, who came typhoid fever. of who was ad- to the hospital March 29 for treatment of a Mankalo, Mike, Berwind, 13 on ac- compound dislocation of his ankle, is im- mitted to the hospital September count of a double fracture of the right thigh, proved and is walking about the yard. is doing well. Hillary, Howard, of Segundo, who was Archibald, of Rockvale, who was admitted to the hospital October 16, on ac- Meek, admitted to the hospital September 26 with count of typhoid fever, is doing fairly well. typhoid fever, is considerably better, and is Hunter, Harry, of Brookside, who was up now. sent to the hospital in Pueblo September Tony, of Coal Creek, was ad- 13 suffering from typhoid fever, is better Morganstein, mitted to the hospital October 15. It will than when last reported, and is sitting up. be remembered that Morganstein was se- Innes, C. S., of Segundo, who was admit- verely injured in November, 1900, sustain- ted to the hospital September 27 on account ing a fracture of the skull. He is now being of a compound fractured leg, is doing very treated for trouble resulting from this in- well and is now on crutches. jury, but returned home October 24. Jollymore, Archie, of Piimero, was admit- Muschetti, Rocco, of Coal Creek, who ted to the hospital October 26 suffering from came to the hospital September 17 on ac- typhoid fever. count of a fracture of the great toe of his Kinney, Fred, of Tercio. who was admit- right foot, is almost ready to go home. ted to the hospital October 11 on account Mooney, Charles, of Tercio, who came to of typhoid pneumonia, is very critically ill. the hospital September 25 on account of Klingholz, W. H., a member of the survey- chronic gastritis, is very much better. ing party at work on the reservoir near Pagnolta, Forte, of Segundo, who was ad- Leadville, who was admitted to the hospital mitted to the hospital June 25 on account October 10 on account of bronchitis, is im- of a contused head, is walking around and proving, is now walking about, and will go doing well. home soon. Piseta, Cherilo, of Starkville, who was ad- Krai, Frank, of Primero, who was admitted mitted to the hospital October 14 on account to the hospital October 7 on account of of typhoid fever, is sitting up. paralysis of both arms, is slightly better, Handle, C. P., of Redstone, who was ad- as he is now able to move part of his left mitted to the hospital August 4 on account arm. He is about the same as when last of a lacerated and contused leg, injuries reported. which were sustained by him by being of Rouse, who was sent to Lanke, Jacob, caught under a moving train, was operated the October 22 for treatment of an hospital for skin grafting October 4, and is now do- tin-united fracture of the lower is do- jaw, ing well. He will be about on crutches soon. well. ing Reballa, Joseph, of Rockvale, who was Lavas, Peter, of Rockvale, who came to admitted to the hospital September 19 on the hospital August 21 on account of a frac- account of an abscess on the right side of tured left leg. is walking around now. the lower jaw, and w!~o was operated upon Lepper, William H., of Trinidad, an em- September 29 and again October 26, is do- ploye of the Mountain Telegraph Company, ing well. who was admitted to the hospital October Reeves, Edward H., of Sunlight, who was 17 on account of appendicitis, is convalesc- sent to the hospital October 21 on account ing. of a sprained left knee, left the hospital McDougal, J., of Primero, who was ad- October 27, and is visiting friends. mitted to the hospital October 21 on account Reese, David H., of Rockvale, who was ad- CAMP AND PLANT. 427 mitted to the hospital October 9 on account In the face of the cruel cold it was granted of appendicitis, was operated upon Octo- them, and they were made welcome to share ber 11, and is doing nicely. the comfortable quarters of my own two Rozak, Martin, of Rockvale, who was ad- dogs. In the morning they took their de- mitted to the hospital October 16 on account parture; but how great was my astonish- of typhoid fever, is much better. ment to see them return the following cold Salvin, Frank, of Primero, who was ad- evening, this time accompanied by a large mitted to the hospital September 3 on ac- Irish setter, who likewise wagged admission count of a fractured right leg, is doing well to the warm quarters of which he seemed and is now up. to have knowledge. Shavez, Max, of Orient, who was admitted If there were any doubts as to whether to the hospital October 22 on account of a these hospitable night lodgings were dis- double compound fracture of both legs and cussed among the shelterless dogs of the thighs sustained by falling under a train neighborhood, the doubts were removed on and having five cars run over him, had his the third night, when my three tramps re- right leg amputated October 25. He is do- turned, their number still further increased another an old ing fairly well. by pug and pointer. The but of their Verchell, John, of Segundo, who was ad- mute eloquent language wag- the humble in their sin- mitted to the hospital October 22 on account ging tails, appeal cere were at once and of typhoid fever, is doing fairly well. eyes, amusing pa- thetic. Vitch, Frank, of Segundo, who was sent With own two and these five to the hospital October 22 suffering from ty- my pets I had now seven dogs stretched out phoid fever, is doing reasonably well. tramps comfortably before my dining-room grate; Wilson, J. J., of Rockvale, who early in but their behavior and their this season played with the Colorado Fuel irreproachable had insured for and Iron team in Pueblo, and who was ad- many ingratiating ways them a welcome at our house as long as the mitted to the hospital September 13 on ac- cold wave lasted, which was nearly a week. count of a fractured leg, is doing well. He As soon as the cold subsided they returned is now walking around. no more. Zambrano, Frank, of Tabasco, who was admitted to the hospital July 26 on account of typhoid fever, had a relapse and was very New Kind of Armor Plate. critically ill for some time, went home last A new armor plate, said to be inpenetra- week. ble, has been recently tested by the United Zenoli, Victor, of Brookside, who was ad- States naval experts at the proving grounds mitted to the hospital October 2 with ty- at Bethlehem. This plate is obtained by phoid fever, is now able to walk around a carbon being driven directly into the sur- little each day. face of the hot plate by a powerful current of electricity. The face is hardened so as to Told All Their Friends. resist perforation or cracking, and it can be Good evidence of the power of communi- hardened to any desired depth. It is also cation among our speechless friends is given claimed for this new type of plate that with in the following very human story told by the same resisting power it is one-third a writer in the Boston Herald: lighter than the ordinary plate. It seems The fact that dogs have a way of com- that the gun has been overtaken once again municating news to one another was dem- in the race for supremacy, until another dis- onstrated to me in a very singular and amus- covery changes the program. In the science ing fashion about four years ago. It was in of war there is nothing stationary, adds The south Georgia, where as yet little provision Age of Steel, and in the art of man-killing is made for the comfort of domestic animals. the man in search of a diploma and a fee One of these bitter nights, such as a cold never dies. wave often brings, I heard at our front door the unmistakable sounds of scratching and Pertinent. whining, and found upon opening two of Muggsy Me aunt died yesterday. my little neighborhood friends, a pug and Swipsey Wot wuz de score? Ohio State a little terrier, asking admission. Journal. 428 CAMP AND PLANT. The English Cathedral and tHe Byzantine Basilica. " |OHN RUSKIN, in his book, The Stones of Venice/' gives the following remarkable comparative descriptions of the typical English Cathedral and the Basilica, or Church, of Saint Mark, in Venice. As an example of vivid and deeply emotional descriptive writing this has scarcely been surpassed in all literature. To those also who have made use ol the circulating art collection of the Sociological Department, this description, the views of York Minster (whtch may be taken as a typical English Cathedral) and of the Church of Saint Mark, and the concluding notes, may prove of interest :

BND now I wish that the reader, be- in heaven; and so higher and higher up to fore I bring him into St. Mark's the great mouldering wall of rugged sculp- Place, would imagine himself for a ture and confused arcades, shattered, and little time in a quiet English cathe- gray, and grisly with heads of dragons and dral town, and walk with me to the west mocking fiends, worn by the rain and swirl- front of its cathedral. Let us go together ing winds into yet unseemlier shape, and up the more retired street, at the end of colored on their stony scales by the deep which we can see the pinnacles of one of russet-orange lichen, melancholy gold; and the towers, and then through the low, gray so, higher still, to the bleak towers, so far gateway with its battlemented top and above that the eye loses itself among the small latticed window in the center, into bosses of their traceries, though they are the inner private-looking road or close, rude and strong, and only sees, like a drift where nothing goes in but the carts of the of eddying black points, now closing, now tradesmen who supply the bishcp and the scattering, and now settling suddenly into chapter, and where there are little shaven invisible places among the bosses and flow- grassplots, fenced in by neat rails, before ers, the crowd of restless birds that fill the okl-1'ashioned groups of somewhat diminu- whole square with that strange clangor of tive and exceedingly trim houses, with lit- theirs, so harsh and yet so soothing, like tle oriel and bay windows jutting out here the cries of birds on a solitary coast be- and there and deep wooden cornices and tween the cliffs and sea. eaves painted cream color and white, and Think for a little while of that scene, and small porches to their doors in the shape the meaning of all its small formalisms, of cockle-shells, or little, crooked, thick, in- mixed with its serene sublimity. Estimate describable wooden gables warped a little its secluded, continuous, drowsy felicities, on one side; and so forward till we come to and its evidence of the sense and steady larger houses, also old fashioned, but of performance of such kind of duties as can red brick, and with gardens behind them, be regulated by the cathedral clock; and and fruit walls, which show here and there, weigh the influence of those dark towers among the nectarines, the vestiges of an on all who have passed through the lonely old cloister arch or shaft; and looking in square at their feet for centuries, and on I'ront on the cathedral square itself, laid out all who have seen them rising far away in rigid divisions of smooth grass and over the wooded plain, or catching on their gravel walk, yet not uncheerful, especially square masses the last rays of the sunset, on the sunny side, where the canons' chil- when the city at their feet was indicated dren are walking with their nursery maids. only by the mist at the bend of the river. And- so, taking care not to tread on the And then let us quickly recollect that we are grass, we will go along the straight walk in Venice, and land at the extremity of the to the west front, and there stand for a Calle Lunga San Moise, which may be con- time, looking up at its deep-pointed porches sidered as there answering to the secluded and the dark places between their pillars street that led us to our English cathedral where there were statues once, and where gateway. the here and of a fragments, there, stately We find ouselves in a paved alley, some are still figure left, which has in it the seven feet wide where it is widest, full of likeness of a king, perhaps indeed a king people, and resonant with cries of itinerant on earth, perhaps a saintly king long ago salesmen a shriek in their beginning, and CAMP AND PLANT. 429

West Front of York Minster, a Typical English Cathedral. 430 CAMP AND PLANT.

dying away into a kind of brazen ringing, all it in a kind of awe, that we may see it far a of and white the worse for its confinement between the away ; multitude pillars high houses of the passage along which we domes, clustered into a long low pyramid have to make our way. Overhead, an in- of colored light; a treasure-heap it seems, extricable confusion of rugged shutters, and partly of gold, and partly of opal and moth- iron balconies, and chimney flues, pushed er-of-pearl, hollowed beneath into five out on brackets to save room, and arched great vaulted porches, ceiled with fair mo- windows with projecting sills of Istrian saic, and beset with sculpture of alabaster, stone, and gleams of green leaves here and clear as amber and delicate as ivory, sculp- there, where a fig-tree branch escapes over ture fantastic and involved, of palm-leaves a lower wall from some inner cortile, lead- and lilies, and grapes and pomegranates, ing the eye up to the narrow stream of and birds clinging and fluttering among the blue sky high over all. On each side, a row branches, all twined together into an end- of shops, as densely set as may be, occupy- less network of buds and plumes; and, in ing, in fact, intervals between the square the midst of it, the solemn forms of angels, stone shafts, about eight feet high, which sceptered, and robed to the feet, and lean- carry the first floors; intervals of which ing to each other across the gates, their one is narrow and serves as a door; the figures indistinct among the gleaming of other is, in the more respectable shops, the golden ground through the leaves be- wainscoted to the height of the counter and side them, interrupted and dim, like the glazed above, but in those of the poorer morning light as it faded back among the tradesmen left open to , the ground, and branches of Eden, when first its gates were the wares laid on benches and tables in angel-guarded long ago. And round the the open air, the light in all cases entering walls of the porches there are set pillars at the front only, and fading away in a few of variegated stones, jasper and porphyry', feet from the threshold into a gloom which and deep green serpentine spotted with the eye from without cannot penetrate, but flakes of snow, and marbles, that half re- which is generally broken by a ray or two fuse and half yield to the sunshine, Cleo- from a feeble lamp at the back of the shop, patra-like, their bluest veins to kiss," the suspended before a print of the Virgin. * * * shadow, as it steals back from them, re- (And so, passing on, we) presently emerge vealing line after line of azure undulation, en the bridge and Campo San Moise, whence as a receding tide leaves the waved sand; to the entrance inta St. Mark's Place, called their capitals rich with interwoven tracery, the Bocca di Piazza (mouth of the square). rooted knots of herbage, and drifting leaves * * * we will push on fast into the shad- of acanthus and vine, and mystical signs, ow of the pillars at the end of the "Bocca all beginning and ending in the Cross; and di Piazza,", and then we forget all else; above them, in the broad archivolts, a con- lor between those pillars there opens a tinuous chain of language and of life great light, and in the midst of it, as we angels, and the signs of heaven, and the la- advance slowly, the vast tower of St. Mark bors of men, each in its appointed season seems to lift itself visibly forth from the upon the earth; and above these, another level field of chequered stones; and, on range of glittering pinnacles, mixed with each side, the countless arches prolong white arches edged with scarlet flowers, themselves into ranged symmetry, as if the a confusion of delight, amidst which the rugged and irregular houses that pressed breasts of the Greek horses are seen blaz- together above us in the dark alley had ing in their breadth of golden strength, and been struck back into sudden obedience the St. Mark's lion, lifted on a blue field and lovely order, and all their rude case- covered with stars, until at last, as if in ments and broken walls had been trans- ecstacy, the crests of the arches break into formed into arches charged with goodly a marble foam, and toss themselves far into sculpture, and fluted shafts of delicate the blue sky in flashes and wreaths of sculp- stone. tured spray, as if the breakers on the Lido And well may they fall back, for beyond shore had been frost-bound before they fell, those troops of ordered arches there rises and the sea-nymphs had inlaid them with a vision out of the earth, and all the coral and amethyst. great square seems to have opened from Between that grim cathedral of England CAMP AND PLANT. 43J

Grand Square and Basilica of Saint Mark in Venice. The Campanile or Bell Tower on the Right Fell[ July 14, 1902. 432 CAMP AND PLANT.

The Facade of Saint Mark's, Venice. CAMP AND PLANT. 433 and what an interval! this, There is a type and fantastically canopied above, its rich of it in the birds that very haunt them; mosaics, and the wonderful color of its instead of the for, restless crowd, hoarse- incrusted marbles, it gives, with the domes voiced and sable-winged, drifting on the and many pinnacles, to the exterior its bleak upper air, the St. Mark's porches are picturesque and unique character. The full of doves, that nestle among the marble four celebrated bronze horses in front of foliage, and mingle the soft iridescence of the upper middle arch came from Constan- their at living plumes, changing every mo- tinople, and probably adorned originally a with the less that tion, tints, hardly lovely, Roman triumphal arch. The interior, have stood for seven hundred unchanged though it measures only 205 by 164 feet, is years. one of the most impressive in the world. Al- most the whole surface of walls, domes and York Minster, a view of the west front arches is covered with magnificent mosaics, of which is on is in the reproduced page 429, representing, on a gold ground, scenes de- of which is the of York- City York, capital scribed in the Old and New Testaments. shire, England, and the seat of an arch- Most of the capitals of the columns are of bishopric. This is one of the chief English the finest Byzantine, though some are clas- cathedrals of Norman foundation, but en- sical; and the rood-screen, surmounted by tirely rebuilt in subsequent medieval peri- its row of is once beautiful ods. The dimensions, according to the long statues, at Century Cyclopedia of Names, are 525 by and valuable. Externally and internally, 110 feet, length of transepts, 222 feet; and despite regrettable restorations, St. height of vaulting, 100 feet; height of west- Mark's is the most superb piece of architec- ern towers (shown in our view), 201 feet. tural coloring in the world. The transepts are fine, particularly the south transept, built in the first half of the Sign Painters and Proofreaders. 13th The towers of the Century. square "I have wondered many times," says a west front are of the 15th much-paneled writer in the New York Press, "why some as is the massive central Century, tower; clever compositors or proofreaders do not the perpendicular choir and Lady Chapel find lucrative employment with sign paint- are of the 14th The interior is Century. ers. I venture the assertion that not one from its size and highly impressive height. commercial sign in a hundred is correctly The elaborate is of wood. mas- vaulting A punctuated. Firms have made large for- sive rood-screen the sculptured separates tunes in sign painting, and some of their nave from the choir. The perpendicular work of recent date is artistic to an extra- window which fills almost the whole east ordinary degree. It is nearly up to the stand- end measures 78 by 33 feet, being surpassed ard of the genre painter and the impression- only by that at Gloucester. This cathedral ist, and more than one of the men we see possesses more old stained glass windows decorating billboards with tobacco, whisky, (of the 14,th and 15th centuries) than any milk and patent medicine announcements is other in England. a reduced artist of the studio and easel. But The Basilica, or church of Saint Mark, in artists know nothing of punctuation. A Venice, views of which are reproduced on student of De Vinne ought to be able to pages 432 and 433, was founded, according command a handsome salary for teaching to the Century Cyclopedia of Names, in 830 our millionaire sign-painting firms the cor- to receive the relics of the evangelist rect use of periods, commas and apostrophes. brought from Alexandria. It was rebuilt Unfortunately, our merchants and others in 976, and was given its definitive form who need signs are as ignorant of 'points' in 1052. It is the most famous example of as the men who paint them." Byzantine architecture in Western Europe. It is cruciform in plan, with five great Her System. domes or perpentives, and many smaller He Mrs. Wise seems to understand how domes in subordinate positions. The outer to manage her husband pretty well. aisle or atrium was added later. With its She Yes. She lets him have her own five deep, many columned arches, repeated way in everything. 434 CAMP AND PLANT.

CAMP AND PLANT little children have been very seriously ill with diphtheria, and for a time there was grave danger they would not recover. Both A WEEKLY are now improving. PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT OP The report published by the Denver pa- THE COLORADO FUEL AND IRON COMPANY AND DEVOTED TO NEWS FROM THE MINES AND MILLS pers that Frank Shaw had signed with Waterbury, Connecticut, is incorrect. Shaw LAWRENCE LEWIS, EDITOR is the best twirler the Colorado Fuel and Iron Company has had in some time, and OFFICES : is growing better every year he pitches. DENVER Boston Building, Room 720 His ability will no doubt some day land PUEBLO . . Minnequa Hospital him in a big league should he care to fol- at Entered at the Postoffice at Denver, Colo., as second- low ball playing, but present the class mail matter. chances are he will again be in the box for us all next season.

SUBSCRIPTION . in PRICE $1 a Year, Advauce Harvey Evans and Frank Galusha have Single Copies, Ten Cents. taken positions with Anderson and Moore. John for the Subscriptions should be mailed to the Editor at either Stockton, timekeeper stables, Office News matter should bo sent to the Pueblo is now in possession of a full grown mus- Office. tache, which adds another charm to his manly face. SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 1, 1902 Harry Cambridge, bricklayer, has changed his mind, and will not go to South Amer- NOTICE. ica. When fully investigated, the offer Subscribers who wish to have Camp and made to the bricklayers was seen to be not Plant sent to a new address should give as .tempting as it at first appeared. their old address, as well as .the new. The John Mr amor, who was injured in the editor will not guarantee that the change head some time ago, is back at work. A will be made unless both addresses and the slight operation was performed, and he is subscriber's name in full are given. now as well as ever. William J. Jones, the young son of the converter timekeeper, was a visitor at the r NEWS ITEMS office on the 23d. 3 W. H. Howell, the traveling auditor of The Colorado Supply Company, was at the retail store here for a few days last week auditing the books. Mr. Howell is very well satisfied with everything, and very much delighted with the appearance of the store. Joe Novark has returned to work. He was absent because of injuries. Mrs. L. U. Gugenheim and daughter have William Martin was appointed October 1 returned from Denver after a visit of a general foreman of blast furnaces opposite few days. John C. Percy. N. L. the advance for the O'Neil, guard A very great surprise was given the men All-American and All-National Leagues' in the main office building last week when baseball teams, was a visitor at the main Algernon Sidney Dodge came to work minus office last week. Mr. O'Neil was negotiat- that flowing mustache he has been wearing ing for the use of our baseball grounds for the last ten years. It makes him look con- the game, which was played here last Tues- siderably younger and several of the latest day. additions to the office force failed to recog- It is rumored that Cyrus William Rice will nize the "Dolly" of yore. soon start a boxing class in Bessemer. Still another surprise in the mustache line Foreman Ed Woods is back at work again is being given us by A. S. Bleim. He is after a week's absence. Mr. Woods' two now engaged in a very serious attempt to CAMP AND PLANT. 435

grow one and we are glad to report that L. V. Selleck was a visitor at the ware- he is already doing very well. house last week. Tony Chilberto, who was injured by a Phil Hahn is in receipt of a very large piece of steel flying into his eye, is fully bundle of neckties from some fair damsel recovered and again at work. in the East. J. W. White has accepted a position in Under the direction of Fred W. Richards the carbon room of the laboratory at the all records for getting out the distribution converter. and cost sheets of a month were broken A. H. Young is taking J. T. Marshall's this October. Everything for September in place as recorder at the blooming mill dur- this department was completed by the night ing the latter's absence. of the 3d, something never done before. J. T. Marshall has been taken ill and Heretofore this work has usually consumed will probably be away some time. from seven to ten days, and the rapidity Joe Mahoney, one of our late additions to with which the thing was finished this the order of benedicts, is home again. He month has surprised everyone cognizant of is looking very well and of course very the difficulties attendant upon such a feat. happy. Most of the honeymoon was spent J. A. Writer, auditor for The Colorado in Joliet, Illinois, the old home of Mr. Ma- Fuel and Iron Company, and Steven Little, honey. expert accountant, were at the plant on the A brother of Charles Longnipper was on 22d inst. his way here to pay the latter a visit when Harry Conn, a straightener at the rail the late accident happened at the open mill, is the happy father of a very pretty lit- hearth. Mr. Longnipper arrived to find one tle girl, who came last week. brother dead and the other with two legs Robinsonville is at last in its new loca- broken. His was a decidedly sad arrival, tion, and once more ready for business. Un- and everything has been done by friends to der the able management of D. E. Chese- make his grief as tolerable as possible. brough the moving was accomplished with- A horse belonging to one of the contract- out any serious accidents. ing companies working around the plant The Minnequa Lumber Company has al- went through the small trestle over the ready built up such a business that their Bessemer ditch near the viaduct on the 22d, building is now too small, and a much larger and so injured itself that a policeman had one is now in course of erection. It will to shoot the animal. probably be finished in about a month. A. W. Kennedy is now working at the Robert Parks, at No. 1 drop, injured his warehouse. finger last week and has been away from C. T. Mullen has resigned his position at work for several days. During his absence the bolt mill and for the time being has be- A. C. Wickular is helping out at the drop. come a gentleman of leisure. The old slag dump is being slowly re- William O'Brien has recovered from his moved and very soon will have disappeared illness and is at work once more. entirely. A high board fence has been run Henry B. G. Randall has accepted a posi- east from the old county road around the tion under F. A. G. Hammill, the foreman of large piles of stored coke in the east yard. the floating gang brick contractors. The county road has been closed, and a new Frank Stevens has returned from Cleve- one is being built around the new fence. land, where he spent a very pleasant three This will no doubt prove to be for the ad- weeks. vantage of everyone, as there were quite a W. H. Ingersoll, formerly a machinist few accidents at the point where the old helper at the rail mill, is again employed at road crossed the railroad tracks. the latter place. Drop No. 2 is now running two shifts of S. Z. Schenck has returned from his hunt- twelve hours each. The work at the drops ing trip in the mountains. is dangerous and very hard, so that at-' John King, who broke his arm at the con- tempting to carry it out at night is quite an verter a few weeks ago, is doing very well. innovation. The wo'k has, however, been Phelps Hurford will soon publish a story going along very nicely all this month and of his hunting trip in the mountains of Colo- I. B. Stamm, who is in charge, expects to rado that will make Roosevelt's cougar sto- make October a record month. ries sound tame. C. E. Spencer, timekeeper for The Colo- 436 CAMP AND PLANT. rado and Wyoming Railway at this plant, at the hospital, but will probably be in bed was sick in bed for a few days last week. for many weeks. Albert Galyean came as near to suffering The American Bridge Company paid its men on the 25th. a fatal accident on the 24th as one well can John Grossman, a former employe at the and survive. He is a water tender at the converter, has accepted a position in a busi- B and W boilers of the rail mill, and while ness house on Northern Avenue. tinkering with a monkey wrench he shoved The following notice, which was received one live electric wire over against another. at the Minnequa Works last week, caused Neither wire was insulated at the point of much satisfaction among the office employes, recovered con- contact. When Mr. Galyean among whom the gentlemen affected are sciousness he was stdne blind and very ill. well and favorably known: His sight later returned and he was able THE COLORADO FUEL AND IRON to walk home. He is now entirely recov- COMPANY. ered. President's Office.

Joe Sides, for some time a blacksmith October 21, 1902. here, has resigned his place and opened up Mr. R. M. Waite is hereby appointed as- a business of his own down on the Mesa. sistant to President, and Mr. L. B. Rogers Samuel Painter, bricklayer, has quit work Chief Clerk President's Office, both with of- at this plant and is now at the Philadelphia fices at Denver. Smelter. J. A. KEBLER, J. B. McKennan has gone away for a President. few days' rest in the mountains. On the 21st inst. the rail mill made a Tom Stone, who was in charge of the record run and brought the total output for mechanical part of the power house, has a day up to 428 tons 1,723 pounds, which resigned his position and gone to Old Mex- amount now stands as the highest ever ico. made at this mill. Basil Quillam was a visitor at the office A very mysterious shooting affair took on the 24th. He broke his arm a few weeks place on the night of the 20th by the stand ago at the machine shop; the arm is now pipe in Minnequa Addition, the new section doing very well. of Bessemer. W. H. Bailey, a foreman, and Russel in Glover, the chemical depart- J. W. Wilson, a watchman, met there by ment of the blast furnaces, has returned arrangement, each one attended by three from a two months' trip East. He visited friends, T. W. Persons, W. W. Gooch, J. H. Boston, New York, Baltimore and Atlanta, Hose, G. M. Robertson, T. J. Kenney and and had a very pleasant trip. John Downey, all of them employes at this Anderson and Moore have given notice of plant. The only undisputed facts in the a slight raise in coal prices. case are that the men met there at an ap- Alex Marks and Felix Murphy went to pointed time and that Wilson was shot and Denver last Saturday tp see the all-star killed. Bailey gave himself up and claims teams play ball there. to have fired in self-defense. The six wit- The rail mill ran on angle bars two full nesses of the shooting ^vvere arrested a few days last week, filling orders from the Union days later by Sheriff Beaman, charged with Pacific Railway Company. murder, and all seven are now in the county John Farco's foot has entirely recovered jail. Whether, as has been claimed by va- is at and he again work in John Freise's rious parties, Bailey and Wilson met out gang. in the subiirbs to settle amicably or by a Frank Sackman, an employe at the new fist fight some dispute which had arisen be- converter, was injured in one of his eyes on tween them, or whether, as is also stated 24th the by a particle of steel. The injury is to be true, they went there intending to the is lacerated very serious, eye badly and shoot to kill, no one who can be relied upon there is very much danger that he will lose to know has so far been frank enough to it. tell. Viewed in any light the entire affair Bude Markobuch fell through one of the reminds one very much of the days of long trestles this week and broke his left leg ago, and in this age it is at best the trick above the ankle. He is now resting easily of boys or fools which was that night in- CAMP AND PLANT. 437 dulged in by eight men of supposed sanity. A. L. Drake, a resident of Beulah, and an It is nevertheless regrettable that it has all old employe at the converter, was in Bes- ended so seriously for the unfortunate man semer on a visit last week,, visiting his old who was killed, and that it probably will friends and once fellow-employes. end in the same way for those who still W. T. H. Baker, M. D., superintendent of live. The feeling at the plant has run rather the Minnequa Hospital, left Tuesday even- high. With one exception most of the men ing, October 21, for Illinois. He is expected are the objects of sympathy, and there back next week. seems to be little or no doubt that John W. H. Billington, of The Colorado Supply Downey and perhaps T. J. Kenney went Company, has gone into the mountains for there innocently, and with the best of in- a few days' rest. tentions for preventing anything that might Charles Ross is the guest of his brother, prove at all unlawful or serious. The ex- Oliver M. Rcss, who is employed by the cellent reputation of these two men will American Bridge Company at this plant. probably stand them in good stead. The Mrs. Reyman, wife of W. F. Reyman, has other men with one are not so exception gone on an extensive trip through the south- well have been known, although they may ern part of Colorado. innocent and as equally equally anxious to Mr. and Mrs. Simon Hopper of Chappell, and order. preserve the law public Nebraska, who have been the guests of George Kirschman from Centerville, Iowa, Mr. and Mrs. Harry Raven for some time in has accepted a position the boiler shops. past, have returned to their home. Robert Griffith is building a very hand- George Herrington, manager of the Min- some new residence at the corner of Abri- nequa Town Company, tcok a short trip to endo and Indiana Avenues. Redstone last week. Miss Martha Enkhart was suddenly taken Richard V. Utter, night weighmaster at ill on the 21st, but is now doing very well. the pig scales, was in Denver on the 20th. Simon Raven, the young son of Harry "D" furnace is now practically complete, Raven, is now entirely recovered and out and the process of drying it out has been again. going on for several days. Fred Roof, cashier of the Minnequa Bank J. S. Blair, foreman of a night floating of Pueblo, went to Trinidad for a short stay gang, has gone to the Huerfano valley for last week. a week's fishing trip. George W. Bowen, president of the Min- The employes of the American Bridge nequa Town Company, is back from a trip Company here are getting up a football to Denver. team. Guy Walker will be captain. W. H. Nettleton, machinist, has resigned Still more men will be moved down here his position here and gone back to Derby, in November from the Denver offices. All Connecticut. of the voucher clerks, six in number, will John L. Dyer, who until recently was en- come on the 15th, and the rest of the iron gaged in the undertaking business at Crip- department books and the straight iron ple Creek, has removed to Bessemer and is men, making a dozen clerks altogether. This now an engineer here. means that practically all the clerks con- J. C. Beasley, an employe of Riter and nected with the plant will be here on the Conley, was joined last week by his wife, ground. who came on from St. Louis to be with her Three new floating gangs have lately husband. been added to the yard force. E. Ransome, All the day laborers at the plant are now L. P. Nicholson and E. Porter are the re- quitting work at half-past five and will con- spective foremen. R. A. tinue to do so throughout the cold months. Only a half-hour is taken for lunch, instead BERWIND. of an hour as in the summer. Mike Roach has again taken the position The new Berwind-Tabasco public school of a heater at the twenty-inch mill. He building was formally opened Saturday is still holding his farm, however, and his evening, October 18. School had been in wife and children will continue to live down session since early in September, but of there. course a public building like this is never 438 CAMP AND PLANT. really "opened" until it has been the scene talk, expressing Dr. Corwin's regret for the of an entertainment or social event of some unavoidable delays on his Eastern trip, kind. And from the very first the school which prevented his being present. Mr. board and the people of Berwind and Ta- Wilson congratulated the people of both Ta- basco were determined that the opening basco and Berwind on their fine new build- should be accomplished in the regular, way, ing, named in honor of 'Dr. Corwin. The and should be successful at any cost. remainder of the evening was spent in en- The Trinidad orchestra was engaged to fur- joying music and dancing, and a very happy nish music, arrangements were made with evening it was. The Colorado and Southern Railway to run The hours flew swiftly and not until mid- a special train from Trinidad, via Hastings, night had passed and the small hours had and handbills were circulated far and wide come did we think of "sleep, gentle sleep."

Dwelling of Thirty Italians and 500 Goats at Berwind, Colo., in September, 1899. This view was taken before the work of th present management, in replacing by modern dwellings the squalid houses put up by the men, was commenced. announcing the event. Everything that Then the orchestra broke into the strains could be done to insure success and a de- of that sweet old tune, "Home, Sweet lightful time was done. Home," and the guests departed, wishing all The early part of the. evening, before the good things for the people of Berwind and "special" arrived with our out-of-town guests, Tabasco, admiring their school and proph- was spent in "visiting'' and social chat. esying many more such delightful occa- When the guests were all comfortably seat- sions. We were disappointed because Dr. ed in the large hall, Superintendent Jen- Corwin could not be present and give an ad- nings took the chair and introduced H. J. dress, but we hope to have him with us on Wilson, Assistant Superintendent of the So- a later occasion. ciological Department, who made a brief The building is identical in its general CAMP AND PLANT. 439 plan with the other new school buildings put with tonsilitis for a number of days last up during the summer just passed, or now week. in process of construction. The large hall Mrs. Emanuel Luchini is also suffering on the second floor affords ample space for with tonsilitis. Felix is about dancing or other entertainments. As many Polyono again after several days of sore throat. as fifty couples were dancing Saturday even- The mine was shut down for work- ing, yet the floor was not ciowded. The twenty hours the week on account same system of lighting, ventilation and ing during past of the of cars. P. arrangement of rooms is employed here as scarcity & S. in the other schools recently described in the columns of Camp and Plant. To enter COAL CREEK. further into details is therefore quite un- Miss Mabel Cairns of Florence has been necessary. visiting at the home of John Chapman. Soots has been EROOKSIDE. Henry nursing a very sore hand the past week, caused by an accident at an oil well near Williamsburg. Our camp received its monthly cleaning Born, to Mr. and Mrs. Lewis Smith, a up last week. son. Mother and child are doing well. Samuel Ryder returned home on last Mrs. Anthony and Mrs. Harry Snyder Thursday i^orn a two weeks' duck hunt in were at Canon City visiting friends. the San Luis valley. He brought back a Died, at Coal Creek, Colorado, Sunday goodly quantity of game. Mr. Ryder ac- morning, October 19, 1902, Bernice, the companied a party of which the Misses youngest daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Richard Ball of Canon City were members, and it is Jones. The funeral, held Tuesday from reported that the ladies had fine luck. the family residence, was conducted by the Frank Maya and Stephano Fabrizio were Rev. John of Rockvale. The Odd Fellcws have had their hall papered and everything fixed in the most modern style. Adolph Donath, Grand Master of the Odd Fellows, made the lodge at this place an official visit Wednesday evening. D. G. Davis made a business trip to Canon City Wednesday. Fred B. Putnam of Canon City, who has been acting as supply at the Colorado Sup- ply Company's store, has returned to his home. Rev. Frazier was called to Colorado Springs to conduct the funeral services of an old friend. From that place he went to Pueblo and attended the annual meeting A Glimpse of Part of Redstone. of the churches of the Congregational order. of This shows the sort of houses the company is putting One the happy events that was looked in and mountain aud in up the new camps villages to with not only the many of the older ones pleasme, by participat- ing parties, but by a large number of friends taken to the hospital last week suffering as well, was the marriage of John Young - from typhoid feve . and Miss Dottie Richards. Miss Richards Henrico Richuti is also with suffering ty- is the oldest daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Will- phoid fever. iam Richards, and is well liked by her many Mrs. Julian Dcnito De was confined to her friends on account of her quiet and unas- bed the rast during week. suming disposition. The Whist Club met with Mrs. Elizabeth Joseph Ball and John P. Thomas were in Gregory on last Saturday evening. town a few days the first of the week. Miss Etta Jones was confined to the house J. R. King has returned from the hospital 440 CAMP AND PLANT. at Pueblo much improved in health, and has and chicken pox are reported by the com- resumed his position as night watchman pany physician. at the mine. Rumor has it that a Spanish class has Thomas Jones returned from the hospital been organized and is progressing nicely. at Pueblo to attend the funeral of his sister. F. C. Provot, a mining engineer of Bis- He is still obliged to go on crutches as the bee, Arizona, spent a few days in camp, result of a broken thigh. looking over the Phelps, Dodge and Com- Married, in Canon City, Saturday morn- pany properties. ing, October 25, John Lippis and Miss Dura- George Kingdon, an old resident of Fi- lice Rosetti, both of Coal Creek. erro, but now of Picacho, Mexico, spent a Mrs. E. M. Eddy and Miss Mary Clark of few days last week in camp visiting friends. Silver Cliff are visiting at the home of Dr. Mr. and Mrs. C. E. Cosgrove of Silver A. A. Eddy. City, and Miss Frazer of Nova Scotia, niece The Rebekahs and friends of Miss of Mrs. Cosgrove, were Sunday visitors of Fletcher, sister of Mrs. Munger, gave her a Superintendent and Mrs. O'Brien. pleasant surprise Saturday evening. She Miss Edith Casey, teacher in the Silver has been spending the summer here and City public schools, was a visitor among expects to return to her home in Michigan her many friends in Fierro on Saturday and in a few days. The evening was spent in Sunday. playing games and in pleasant conversation. F. T. Bulmer, from the auditor's office of Light refreshments were served, and the the Phelps, Dodge Company in New York surprisers returned to their homes. City, spent a few days in camp last week. The many friends of Idwal Davis garfe Hon. Bernard S. Rodey of Albuquerque him a pleasant surprise Thursday evening". was a visitor to our camp on Monday of Mr. Fitzpatrick of Pueblo has taken a po- last week, in the interests of politics. sition with the Supply Company as meat C. P. Cramer made a flying trip to Silver cutter. City at 4 A. M. on Monday. We presume Nathaniel Glover returned from Rugby it was pressing business. C. F. B. Friday. He was working in the mine at that place. GIBSON, NEW MEXICO. The choir of the Congregational church expect to give a concert on Wednesday Work on the new tipple for the Gallup evening, November 24. H. A. B. mine is progressing rapidly. The new en- gine for the mine has arrived, and Mr. Bliss EL MORO. of the Sullivan Company came Friday of last week prepared to place it at an early Mr. and Mrs. Kirschner and daughter date. Belle expect to leave shortly for Oregon, to The Weaver mine has worked every day visit a married daughter in Portland. Their this week, and all are pleased over present house will.be occupied by the washer boss, indications for a busy winter. Mr. Spencer, and family. A large numbor of our young friends at- tended the dance given at the school house FIERRO, NEW MEXICO. Saturday evening, and all who were there report a pleasant time. A. A. Kellam, wife and little boy have ar- Thomas Bates, representative of A. E. rived to make their future home in Fierro. Anderson and Company, the large tailoring Mr. Kellam will take the place as engineer establishment in Chicago, spent a few days on the local passenger train, which position here the past week. While here he took was recently left vacant by the death of measures and orders for about forty suits. Mr. Rose. A large, healthy son was born to Mrs. W. H. Newcomb of Silver City was a re- "Ike'' Southers last Sunday. Mr. and Mrs. cent visitor to our camp. Southers have the congratulations of their T. H. O'Brien made a flying trip to Cook's many Gibson friends. Peak this week in the interests of The Col- Ed Rodey, one of Daniel Southerland's orado Fuel and Iron Company. carpenter crew constructing the tipple, will cases of A few malaria, whooping cough be moved over to our hospital today. J. J. P.