DOCSLIB.ORG

Hisarna Smelting Reduction

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Hisarna Smelting Reduction HISARNA SMELTING REDUCTION A SOLUTION FOR SUSTAINABLE HOT METAL PRODUCTION Jan van der Stel, Koen Meijer, Christiaan Zeilstra, Johan van Boggelen, Tim Peeters and Rod Dry (*) Tata Steel Research & Development, IJmuiden, The Netherlands (*) RIO TINTO Perth, Australia Reducing the carbon footprint of the steel industry, 19-20 April 1 ZaandamAll rights and reserved Petten - Reducing, theThe carbon Netherlands footprint of the steel industry - 19-20 April 2017 – Zaandam and Petten, The Netherlands Content 1. HIsarna development 2. Technology background 3. The HIsarna pilot plant 3.1. Milestones of the test campaigns 4. Forward program 4.1. Further experimental work in pilot plant 4.2. Industrial scale demonstration plant 5. Conclusions 6. Challenges 2 All rights reserved - Reducing the carbon footprint of the steel industry - 19-20 April 2017 – Zaandam and Petten, The Netherlands 1. HIsarna development • In 2004 several European steelmakers proactively started the ULCOS project with the objective to achieve 50 % reduction of the CO 2 emissions of steelmaking • HIsarna is one of the four process development that originate from the ULCOS project. • Since 2007 Tata Steel, Rio Tinto and ULCOS have been active developing this coal-based smelting reduction process. • To date over 80 mln Euro has been invested in this new technology. • The HIsarna process offers a combination of environmental and economical benefits. 3 All rights reserved - Reducing the carbon footprint of the steel industry - 19-20 April 2017 – Zaandam and Petten, The Netherlands 1.1 Comparison BF route - HIsarna Blast Furnace Iron ore Hot metal Coal Coking/Agglomeration Ironmaking HIsarna Iron ore Hot metal Direct use of fine ores and coal Coal (no agglomeration and coking) Ironmaking 4 All rights reserved - Reducing the carbon footprint of the steel industry - 19-20 April 2017 – Zaandam and Petten, The Netherlands 1.2. HIsarna benefits Top gas Economical benefits Ore Oxygen • Low cost coals • Lower grade iron ores Oxygen • Lower Capex Environmental benefits Coal • At least 20 % CO 2 reduction • 80 % CO 2 reduction with CCS • Reduction of dust, NOx , SOx Slag Hot Metal 5 All rights reserved - Reducing the carbon footprint of the steel industry - 19-20 April 2017 – Zaandam and Petten, The Netherlands 2. Technology background The HIsarna process produces liquid hot metal directly from fine ore and (non-metallurgical) coal HIsarna consists of two process steps integrated in a single furnace Cyclone technology owned by Tata Steel • Pre-reduction and smelting in a cyclone HIsmelt technology • Final reduction and coal gasification in a owned by Rio Tinto Smelting Reduction Vessel (SRV) The smelter technology is based on HIsmelt. The cyclone technology was developed in IJmuiden in the 1990s. 6 All rights reserved - Reducing the carbon footprint of the steel industry - 19-20 April 2017 – Zaandam and Petten, The Netherlands History of smelt cyclone technology The cyclone was developed in IJmuiden as part of the European “Coal-based Ironmaking” project. The project was technically successful but stopped in 1999 because there was no business case for proceeding to the Demo stage. Pre-Reduction of cyclone product 30 20 10 800 mm cyclone, 2 t/h 2000 mm cyclone, 20 t/h Pre-reduction Degree [%] Pre-reductionDegree 0 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Post Combustion Ratio [%] Experimental results CCF trials 1994 – 1999 Experimental cyclone plant in IJmuiden 7 All rights reserved - Reducing the carbon footprint of the steel industry - 19-20 April 2017 – Zaandam and Petten, The Netherlands HIsmelt technology • HIsmelt is owned by Rio Tinto • Large scale demonstration plant was constructed and operated in Kwinana, Australia • Smelter technology is combined with ore pre-reduction in a fluidized bed • Smelter operates with hot blast (enriched with oxygen) 8 All rights reserved - Reducing the carbon footprint of the steel industry - 19-20 April 2017 – Zaandam and Petten, The Netherlands 3.HIsarna Pilot plant development Major upgrade of pilot plant Over 10 years of development Industrial Plant Campaign A Campaign C Engineering Construction 2020 2016 2018 2013 2014 2012 2011 2010 Campaign D Concept Campaign B development 2009 Campaign E 2007 9 All rights reserved - Reducing the carbon footprint of the steel industry - 19-20 April 2017 – Zaandam and Petten, The Netherlands 3.1 The HIsarna pilot plant Design capacity: 8 thm/h Coal injection: 6 t/h Ore injection: 20 t/h All rights reserved - Reducing the carbon footprint of the steel industry - 19-20 April 2017 – Zaandam and Petten, The Netherlands 3.1 The HIsarna pilot plant Reactor building Incinerator Gas Cooler Coal / lime silos Hot Metal / Slag pot All rights reserved - Reducing the carbon footprint of the steel industry - 19-20 April 2017 – Zaandam and Petten, The Netherlands 3.3.1 The The HIsarna HIsarna pilot pilotplant plant 12 AllAll rightsrights reservedreserved -- Reducing Reducing the the carboncarbon footprint footprint ofof the the steelsteel industry industry -- 19-20 19-20 April April 20172017 – – Zaandam Zaandam and and Petten, Petten, The The Netherlands Netherlands Hot metal charge 13 All rights reserved - Reducing the carbon footprint of the steel industry - 19-20 April 2017 – Zaandam and Petten, The Netherlands Hot metal tapping 14 AllAll rightsrights reservedreserved -- Reducing Reducing the the carboncarbon footprint footprint ofof the the steelsteel industry industry -- 19-20 19-20 April April 20172017 – – Zaandam Zaandam and and Petten, Petten, The The Netherlands Netherlands Slag tapping 15 All rights reservedAll rights- Reducing reserved the carbon- Reducing footprint the carbon of the footprintsteel industry of the - steel 19-20 industry April 2017 - 19-20 – Zaandam April 2017 and –Petten, Zaandam The an Netherlandsd Petten, The Netherlands 3.2. Milestones of the test campaigns 2011 Campaign A Feasibility of new process First tap May 2011 2012 Campaign B First long operating period Standard raw materials 80 % of productivity target reached 2013 Campaign C Use of steam coal (23 %VM) Use of low grade ore (< 30 % Fe) First metal delivered to steel plant Good plant availability Productivity target reached 2014 Campaign D 30% of iron produced made into steel Use of high volatile coal (39 %VM) Use of high Zn waste oxides Use of scrap and ore concurrently Target coal consumption reached 16 All rights reserved - Reducing the carbon footprint of the steel industry - 19-20 April 2017 – Zaandam and Petten, The Netherlands 4. Forward program 4.1. Further experimental work in pilot plant Endurance campaign in pilot plant (Campaign E): • Testing equipment endurance and long term process stability • More focus on operational aspects and equipment aspects • 6 months, starting early 2017 • Costs: 25 mln Euro • Funding: project partners and EU • 7.4 mln Euro EU subsidy secured • Horizon 2020, SILC-II programme • 1.5 mln Euro funding from Dutch government • Demonstratie Energie Innovatie (DEI) 17 All rights reserved - Reducing the carbon footprint of the steel industry - 19-20 April 2017 – Zaandam and Petten, The Netherlands 4.1 Plant modifications 18 All rights reserved - Reducing the carbon footprint of the steel industry - 19-20 April 2017 – Zaandam and Petten, The Netherlands 4.2. Demo plant study • Study carried out by Tata Consulting Engineers • A location on the IJmuiden site has been selected Ore feeder Steam boiler Metal tapping Slag HIsarna tapping Furnace All rights reserved - Reducing the carbon footprint of the steel industry - 19-20 April 2017 – Zaandam and Petten, The Netherlands 5. Conclusions • HIsarna is a new coal-based ironmaking process offering both economical and environmental benefits • Reduced OPEX and CAPEX (30%) compared to Greenfield blast furnace route • Use of plant waste oxides (contaminated with Zn such as BOF or BF dust) or mining reverts • 20% lower primary energy consumption and 20 % lower CO 2 emissions per ton (48% with scrap usage) • Favourable combination with CO 2 capture because of N 2 free topgas. 80% lower CO 2 emission per ton of steel when CO 2 storage is applied • Reduction of other emissions associated with agglomeration and cokemaking, NOx, SOx, dust and CO 20 All rights reserved - Reducing the carbon footprint of the steel industry - 19-20 April 2017 – Zaandam and Petten, The Netherlands 5. Conclusions • HIsarna is a new coal-based ironmaking process offering both economical and environmental benefits • Experimental results of the plant in IJmuiden have confirmed the: • High energy efficiency, the raw material flexibility and good start/stop abilities of the process • The next pilot plant campaign is planned for 2017 • Conceptual engineering for the first industrial scale plant, 0.5 to 1.0 M t/y, has started 21 All rights reserved - Reducing the carbon footprint of the steel industry - 19-20 April 2017 – Zaandam and Petten, The Netherlands 6. Challenges • Support from EU needed to create level playing field for European steel industry. Specific challenges: • Stringent environmental legislation • High energy costs • High labour costs • Substantial investments required to develop HIsarna into game changer technology to reduce CO 2 emissions • Better EU funding mechanisms to better support large, demonstration breakthrough developments 22 All rights reserved - Reducing the carbon footprint of the steel industry - 19-20 April 2017 – Zaandam and Petten, The Netherlands Acknowledgement The HIsarna project is made possibly with the support of : • Ulcos partners: ─ ArcelorMittal, Tata Steel, ThyssenKrupp, Ilva, voestalpine, Dillingen/Saarstahl, SSAB ─ LKAB ─ Paul Wurth • Rio Tinto/HIsmelt • EU FP6 • RFCS • Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs HIsarna plant 23 All rights reserved - Reducing the carbon footprint of the steel industry - 19-20 April 2017 – Zaandam and Petten, The Netherlands Any Questions? AllAll rightsrights reservedreserved -- Reducing Reducing the the carboncarbon footprint footprint ofof the the steelsteel industry industry -- 19-20 19-20 April April 20172017 – – Zaandam Zaandam and and Petten, Petten, The The Netherlands Netherlands.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property
    NFS Form 10-900-b 0MB No. 1024-0018 (Jan. 1987) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Multipler Propertyr ' Documentation Form NATIONAL This form is for use in documenting multiple property groups relating to one or several historic contexts. See instructions in Guidelines for Completing National Register Forms (National Register Bulletin 16). Complete each item by marking "x" in the appropriate box or by entering the requested information. For additional space use continuation sheets (Form 10-900-a). Type all entries. A. Name of Multiple Property Listing ____Iron and Steel Resources of Pennsylvania, 1716-1945_______________ B. Associated Historic Contexts_____________________________ ~ ___Pennsylvania Iron and Steel Industry. 1716-1945_________________ C. Geographical Data Commonwealth of Pennsylvania continuation sheet D. Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, J hereby certify that this documentation form meets the National Register documentation standards and sets forth requirements for the listing of related properties consistent with the National Register criteria. This submission meets the procedural and professional requiremerytS\set forth iri36JCFR PafrfsBOfcyid the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Planning and Evaluation. Signature of certifying official Date / Brent D. Glass Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission State or Federal agency and bureau I, hereby, certify that this multiple
    [Show full text]
  • Update to the Developments of Hisarna an Ulcos Alternative Ironmaking Process Ir
    Update to the Developments of Hisarna An Ulcos alternative ironmaking process Ir. Jan van der Stel , ir. Koen Meijer, ing. Cornelis Teerhuis, dr. Christiaan Zeijlstra, ir. Guus Keilman and ing. Maarten Ouwehand Tata Steel IJmuiden, The Netherlands Research, Development & Technology IEAGHG/IETS Iron and steel Industry CCUS and Process Integration Workshop Tokyo, Japan 4 – 7 November 2013 Confidential Content 1. HIsarna technology 2. HIsarna and CCS 3. HIsarna pilot plant 4. Campaign results 5. Conclusions 6. Forward plan 2 IEAGHG/IETS Iron and steel Industry CCUS and Process Integration Workshop , Tokyo, Japan, 4 – 7 November 2013. Confidential Ulcos IEAGHG/IETS Iron and steel Industry CCUS and Process Integration Workshop , Tokyo, Japan, 4 – 7 November 2013. Confidential 1. HIsarna technology Comparison with the BF route Blast furnace sinter Iron ore coke Liquid iron coal 4 IEAGHG/IETS Iron and steel Industry CCUS and Process Integration Workshop , Tokyo, Japan, 4 – 7 November 2013. Confidential 1. HIsarna technology Comparison with the BF route Blast furnace sinter Iron ore coke coal Direct use of coal and ore Liquid iron No coking and agglomeration 5 IEAGHG/IETS Iron and steel Industry CCUS and Process Integration Workshop , Tokyo, Japan, 4 – 7 November 2013. Confidential 1. HIsarna technology Top gas Oxygen Ore Oxygen Coal Slag Hot metal 6 IEAGHG/IETS Iron and steel Industry CCUS and Process Integration Workshop , Tokyo, Japan, 4 – 7 November 2013. Confidential 1.1. HIsarna technology Melting cyclone technology Melting and partial reduction of fine iron ores “2 Fe 2O3(s) + 2 CO(g) → 4 FeO(l) + 2 CO 2(g) ” • The cyclone product is a molten mixture of Fe 3O4 and FeO (~ 20 % reduced) • Pure oxygen is injected to generate the required melting temperature • The fines are separated from the gas by centrifugal flow of the gas IEAGHG/IETS Iron and steel Industry CCUS and Process Integration Workshop , Tokyo, Japan, 4 – 7 November 2013.
    [Show full text]
  • A Life Cycle Analysis of Deploying Coking Technology to Utilize Low-Rank Coal in China
    sustainability Article A Life Cycle Analysis of Deploying Coking Technology to Utilize Low-Rank Coal in China Yan Li 1, Guoshun Wang 1, Zhaohao Li 2, Jiahai Yuan 3 , Dan Gao 2,* and Heng Zhang 2 1 School of Business, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; [email protected] (Y.L.); [email protected] (G.W.) 2 School of Energy, Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; [email protected] (Z.L.); [email protected] (H.Z.) 3 School of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 12 May 2020; Accepted: 10 June 2020; Published: 15 June 2020 Abstract: At present, the excess capacity in China’s coke industry can be deployed to utilize some low-rank coal, replacing coking coal with potential economic gains, energy efficiency, and environmental benefits. This study presents a life cycle analysis to model these potential benefits by comparing a metallurgical coke technical pathway with technical pathways of gasification coke integrated with different chemical productions. The results show that producing gasification coke is a feasible technical pathway for the transformation and development of the coke industry. However, its economic feasibility depends on the price of cokes and coals. The gasification coke production has higher energy consumption and CO2 emissions because of its lower coke yield. Generally speaking, using gasification coke to produce F-T oils has higher economic benefits than producing methanol, but has lower energy efficiency and higher carbon emissions. Keywords: coal coking; life cycle analysis; gasification coke; metallurgical coke; low-rank coal 1.
    [Show full text]
  • CO2 Emission Reduction Potential in the Steel Industry by Integration of a Direct Reduction Process Into Existing Steel Mills Ab
    Challenges for Petrochemicals and Fuels: Integration of Value Chains and Energy Transition DGMK Conference October 10 – 12, 2018 in Berlin, Germany CO2 Emission Reduction Potential in the Steel Industry by Integration of a Direct Reduction Process into Existing Steel Mills N. Müller, G. Herz, E. Reichelt, M. Jahn Fraunhofer IKTS, Dresden, Germany Abstract In the context of climate change, the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in all economic sectors is considered to be an important factor in order to meet the demands of a sustainable energy system. The steel industry as one of the large industrial CO2 emitters is currently highly dependent on fossil resources. In order to reduce coke consumption and thereby CO2 emissions while still being able to further utilize existing blast furnaces, the possibility of in- cluding a direct reduction process (DRP) into a fully integrated steel mill was investigated. Therefore, a blast furnace model, derived from literature data and implemented in Aspen Plus, was used to analyze the impact of DRI in the blast furnace process. Furthermore, a state-of-the-art DRP was modeled to investigate the possibility of substituting the reducing agent natural gas with hydrogen. A sensitivity analysis was carried out in order to find the boundary percentage of hydrogen as a reducing agent without penalty to the DRI quality. Lastly, the two modeled process steps were combined to form a route of producing hot met- al. By varying boundary conditions of the DRP while recording the CO2 emissions of the two process steps, the overall potential for the reduction of CO2 emissions was estimated.
    [Show full text]
  • What a Blast Furnace Is and How It Works
    VOLUME II SATURDAY, NOVEMBER I, 1902 NUMBER 18 What a Blast Furnace Is and How It Works Popular Article for the Scientifically Uneducated on the Parts of a Furnace and How Pig Iron Is Made. 1 HE following article on the construc- may be accepted as an accurate statement of how tion and operations of blast furnaces pig iron is made. The editor wishes to take this was written especially for Camp and opportunity to thank these gentlemen for their Plant Mr. A of the by Harry Deuel, painstaking and careful work. Engineering Department of the Min- have articles nequa Works. It was afterwards Arrangements been madefor other carefully revised, and approved in all in "popular," though accurate, form, descriptive details by Mr R. H. Lee, superin- of other departments of the coal, coke, iron and tendent of the Blast Furnace Department, and steel industry. " Boiler House. Engine House. Furnace Stack. Stoves. Blast furnace B. Blast Furnace "A," Minnequa Steel Works, Pueblo. This view well illustrates the different external parts of "A" Furnace of which, except for minor modifica- tions, "D," "E" and "F" are duplicates Each of these furnaces is 20 feet x 95 feet, is fitted with automatic skip hoists and with the very b st and most modern equipment. This vi-w was taken, however, before the ore. coke and limestone bins, from which the skip is now automatically loaded, were installed. There are four stoves to each furnace. 21 feet in diameter by 106 feet high. Each of the tall draft stacks is 12 feet 6 inches in diameter in the clear, by 210 feet high.
    [Show full text]
  • Using Cooled Mirror Hygrometers to Optimize Cold & Hot Blast Furnace
    Application Note Using Cooled Mirror Hygrometers to optimize Cold & Hot Blast Furnace processes Application Background The purpose of a blast furnace is to chemically reduce and physically convert iron oxides into liquid iron. The blast furnace is a huge, steel stack lined with brick. Iron ore, coke and limestone are dumped into the top, and preheated “hot blast” air is blown into the bottom. The raw materials gradually descend to the bottom of the furnace where they become the final products of liquid slag and liquid iron. These liquid products are drained from the furnace at regular intervals. The hot air that was blown into the bottom of the furnace ascends to the top in 6 to 8 seconds after going through numerous chemical reactions. These hot gases exit the top of the blast furnace and proceed through gas cleaning equipment where Cold Blast, Hot blast & Stoves particulate matter is removed from the gas and the gas is cooled. This gas has a considerable energy value so it is burned as a fuel in the "hot blast stoves" which are used to preheat the air entering the blast furnace to become "hot blast". Any of the gas not burned in the stoves is sent to the boiler house and is used to generate steam which turns a turbo blower that generates the compressed air known as "cold blast" that comes to the stoves. Why is Moisture Critical? This process can be optimized by proper control of the flame temperature, which is in turn affected by the moisture content of the blast air.
    [Show full text]
  • Refractory & Engineering
    Refractory & Engineering Solutions for Hot Blast Stoves and Blast Furnace Linings Blast Furnace Technologies Refractory & Engineering The Company – The Program Paul Wurth Refractory & Engineering GmbH has been integrated into the Paul Wurth Group in ` Blast furnace linings for extended service life December 2004. This alliance offers, on a turnkey ` Blast furnace cooling systems basis, single source supply and procurement options for complete blast furnace plants. ` Turnkey hot blast stoves with internal or external combustion chamber Originally, Paul Wurth Refractory & Engineering ` Ceramic burners with ultra-low CO emission GmbH has been founded as DME in 1993 through the merger of departments of Didier-Werke AG ` Highly effective stress corrosion protection and Martin & Pagenstecher GmbH. Customers systems benefit from the unsurpassed experience and ` Complete hot blast main systems know-how that both companies have developed in the field of hot blast stove engineering, refractory ` Complete heat recovery systems lining design, and hot metal production. ` Refractory linings for smelting and direct reduction vessels Paul Wurth Refractory & Engineering GmbH is always striving for world class stove and refractory ` Refractory linings for coke dry quenching designs to meet demanding market requirements, ` Refractory linings for pellet plants such as larger production capacity, extended ser- vice life, optimized refractory selection, and high Highly experienced and motivated teams of engineers, energy efficiency. designers and project managers
    [Show full text]
  • Tutorial: Delayed Coking Fundamentals
    Tutorial: Delayed Coking Fundamentals Paul J. Ellis Christopher A. Paul Great Lakes Carbon Corporation Port Arthur, TX Prepared for presentation at the AIChE 1998 Spring National Meeting New Orleans, LA March 8-12, 1998 Topical Conference on Refinery Processing Tutorial Session: Delayed Coking Paper 29a Copyright 1998 Great Lakes Carbon Corporation UNPUBLISHED March 9, 1998 1 ABSTRACT Great Lakes Carbon Corporation has worked closely with refineries producing delayed coke in all forms, fuel grade (shot or sponge), anode grade (sponge), and electrode grade (needle) since start-up of the company's first calcining operation in 1937. With on-going research in the area of delayed coking since 1942, Great Lakes Carbon (GLC) has operated delayed coking pilot units including an excellent large-scale pilot unit with a coke drum 0.3 meter (1 ft) diameter by 2.1 meters (7 ft) long and has developed physical models which explain coke formation in coke drums. Knowledge of commercial delayed coking units as well as that of the GLC Pilot Delayed Coker is used in this tutorial paper to describe the formation and uses of the three types of structures of delayed petroleum coke: needle, sponge, and shot. Troubleshooting tips are included on many aspects of the delayed coking drum cycle including: steam stripping, water quenching, coke cutting, drum warm-up, and drum switching technique. Suggestions and descriptions of delayed coking unit hardware are included. The objective of this tutorial paper is to acquaint the non-refinery technologist and further the knowledge of refinery personnel with the delayed coking operation, delayed coking unit hardware, types of coke that can be produced, coke formation models, and the uses of petroleum coke.
    [Show full text]
  • Blast Furnace Stove Dome and Hot Blast Main
    BLAST FURNACE STOVE DOME AND HOT BLAST MAIN The quality and composition of iron produced in the blast furnace is directly related to the hearth temperature. This, in turn, is dependent on the temperature of the hot blast delivered from the blast furnace stoves. To maximise the efficiency of the stoves, they are operated at high temperatures, close to the safe working limit of the refractories. This makes it critical to carefully monitor the stove temperature. BLAST FURNACES AND STOVES Blast furnaces heat iron ore to a period of accumulation, flow is produce the iron required as a reversed, and the hot stove is used raw material for steel-making. For to preheat the incoming air. efficient operation, the air is heated Stoves are alternated, storing heat before being sent into the furnace. and dissipating heat on a regular This ‘hot blast’ technique – flow reversal plan. Many blast preheating air blown into the furnaces are serviced by three or blast furnace – dates back to the more stoves, so that while two are Industrial Revolution, and was being heated, the air blast can pass developed to permit higher through the regenerative chamber furnace temperatures, increasing of the third stove on its way to the the furnace capacity. furnace. Preheating the air intensifies and Accurate monitoring of the stove accelerates the burning of the temperature supports efficient coke. A blast furnace fed with operation – higher temperatures air preheated to between 900- are more efficient and, by reducing 1250oC (1652-2282oF) can generate coke consumption, are more cost- smelting temperatures of about effective.
    [Show full text]
  • South Yorkshire
    INDUSTRIAL HISTORY of SOUTH RKSHI E Association for Industrial Archaeology CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 6 STEEL 26 10 TEXTILE 2 FARMING, FOOD AND The cementation process 26 Wool 53 DRINK, WOODLANDS Crucible steel 27 Cotton 54 Land drainage 4 Wire 29 Linen weaving 54 Farm Engine houses 4 The 19thC steel revolution 31 Artificial fibres 55 Corn milling 5 Alloy steels 32 Clothing 55 Water Corn Mills 5 Forging and rolling 33 11 OTHER MANUFACTUR- Windmills 6 Magnets 34 ING INDUSTRIES Steam corn mills 6 Don Valley & Sheffield maps 35 Chemicals 56 Other foods 6 South Yorkshire map 36-7 Upholstery 57 Maltings 7 7 ENGINEERING AND Tanning 57 Breweries 7 VEHICLES 38 Paper 57 Snuff 8 Engineering 38 Printing 58 Woodlands and timber 8 Ships and boats 40 12 GAS, ELECTRICITY, 3 COAL 9 Railway vehicles 40 SEWERAGE Coal settlements 14 Road vehicles 41 Gas 59 4 OTHER MINERALS AND 8 CUTLERY AND Electricity 59 MINERAL PRODUCTS 15 SILVERWARE 42 Water 60 Lime 15 Cutlery 42 Sewerage 61 Ruddle 16 Hand forges 42 13 TRANSPORT Bricks 16 Water power 43 Roads 62 Fireclay 16 Workshops 44 Canals 64 Pottery 17 Silverware 45 Tramroads 65 Glass 17 Other products 48 Railways 66 5 IRON 19 Handles and scales 48 Town Trams 68 Iron mining 19 9 EDGE TOOLS Other road transport 68 Foundries 22 Agricultural tools 49 14 MUSEUMS 69 Wrought iron and water power 23 Other Edge Tools and Files 50 Index 70 Further reading 71 USING THIS BOOK South Yorkshire has a long history of industry including water power, iron, steel, engineering, coal, textiles, and glass.
    [Show full text]
  • Inquiry Into the Development of Northern Australia Submission 6
    Appendix 10 TATA STEEL CO NSULTING Provision of Technical A ssistance To East W est Line Parks Pty Ltd Bris ane! " L# ! A $stralia TSC Pro%ect Code & PIB' Pro%ect Iron Boo( eran) & Prefeasi ility *e+ort Tata Steel Consulting P.O. Box 30 Stephenson Street N ew port South W ales N P19 0RB U nite !ing o" #e$ruar% &01& CO N TEN TS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 2. OVERVIEW OF PROJECT IRON BOOMERANG 7 3. PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT 8 4. LIST OF ASSUMPTIONS 9 4.1 TECHNICAL & OPERATIONAL ASSUMPTIONS 9 4.1.1 Steel Complex Output 9 4.1.2 Indicative Iron Ore Chemistry 9 4.1.3 Indicative Coal Chemistry 9 4.1.4 Iron Making Production Philosophy 10 4.1.5 Indicative Iron Chemistry 11 4.1.6 Steel Making Philosophy 11 4.1.7 Indicative Steel Chemistry 12 4.1.8 Indicative product Mix 12 4.2 FINANCIAL ASSUMPTIONS 13 4.2.1 Capital Expenditure and Phasing 13 4.2.2 Capital Charges 15 4.2.3 Recurring Major Capital Expenditure 15 4.2.4 Raw Material Costs 15 4.2.5 Delivery of Slab 15 4.2.6 Inflation 16 4.2.7 Depreciation 16 4.2.8 Estimate Accuracy 16 5. TRENDS IN IRON AND STEELMAKING TECHNOLOGY 17 5.1 OPTIONS FOR IRONMAKING 17 5.1.1 Blast Furnace 17 5.1.2 Rotary Hearth Furnace 19 5.1.3 Rotary Kiln 23 5.1.4 HIsmelt 25 5.1.5 Corex/Midrex 28 5.1.6 Finex 30 5.1.7 Natural Gas Based Zero-Reforming HYL Process 31 5.1.8 Coal Based HYL Process 33 5.1.9 Electric Iron Furnace (EIF) 34 5.1.10 Submerged Arc Furnace (SAF) 36 5.1.11 HIsarna 40 5.1.12 Ausmelt 41 5.2 OPTIONS FOR STEELMAKING 41 5.2.1 Electric Arc Furnace 41 5.2.2 Basic Oxygen Steelmaking (BOS) 43 6.
    [Show full text]
  • NASSAWANGO IRON FURNACE Ca1828-1850 NEAR SNOW HILL, MARYLAND
    NASSAWANGO IRON FURNACE ca1828-1850 NEAR SNOW HILL, MARYLAND A NATIONAL HISTORIC MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LANDMARK OCTOBER 19, 1991 The American Society of Mechanical Engineers FURNACE DelMarVa Group TOWN Nassawango Iron Furnace HISTORY OF NASSAWANGO IRON FURNACE Bog iron was first discovered in the swamps produced over 700 tons of pig iron per year at along Nassawango Creek in the 1780’s and in Nassawango; Spence was also credited with 1828 the Maryland Iron Company was the installation of the hot-blast stove on top of incorporated to extract and process it. In the furnace. 1830, the Company constructed a furnace along the creek at a point roughly four miles Iron was produced at Nassawango until 1847 northwest of its confluence with the when lack of labor and poor market Pocomoke River near Snow Hill, MD. Shortly conditions caused Spence (who fell into thereafter, the Nassawango furnace began financial ruin) to shut down the furnace. The producing pig iron by the cold-blast process. property sat idle from that time forward and was used by successive owners mostly for In 1836, two of the Company’s creditors, the timber rights. In 1962, the heirs of Arthur Milby and Joseph Waples, foreclosed Georgia Smith Foster donated the property to on the property; that same year they sold it to the Worcester County Historical Society Benjamin Jones, a Philadelphia ironmonger. which undertook a systematic long range Jones, who owned other furnaces and had a program to stabilize the furnace and cut back formidable business that bought and sold the plant growth of the previous 100 years.
    [Show full text]