DOCSLIB.ORG

Cl1apter 4 the Ironworks Study

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cl1apter 4 the Ironworks Study Cl1apter 4 _ The Ironworks Study sruc1~, Me1hoc1O1ogy ____ ________ were in use in others~ both types were fou nd at some of the Ironworks on an indus1rial scale co,mnenced in Vennon1 a few works (Jacobs 1953:130). Jacobs' source of infonnation was years after the end of the Revolutionary War and ended about a a rnanuscript sent to him by Charles Rufus Harce of New Haven. century later. During that JOO.year pei-iod. bias, furnaces, bloom­ Connecticut. In an April 5, 1955, letter 10 Richard S. Allen of e.ry forges, and foundries made or work{.-d iron in all or lhc state's Albany, New York. Marte wrote that what he sent Jacobs was 14 counties. A majority of the blast fu rnaces and bloomer)' forges "a copy of a series of abstracL~ from various Vermont town lay wesc of the Green Moumain range. generally in the valley of histories, and fo r their accuracy- <>ther than to the copying- ( che Ouer Creek. accepc no responsibility, and of che furnaces I have very little Because few business records of these industries remain, it is personal knowledge." not known for sure where all that iron went. Some Vermont iron Harte was otherwise an accurate and thorough historian of found markets in local foundries and mills. but most probably ironworks in New England, and authored a number of valuable ended up in works at Troy, New York, and Boston. Some iron a,'licles and booklets on the subject in the 1930s and 1940s. might even have found its way to markets in Quebec. Research He visited Vennont in August 1935 and photographed furnace into 19th-century canal and railroad records could provide some remains at Manchester ("the merest trace"). East Dorset (.. a answers. 01her sources of infonnation might be hidde.n away in beautiful little stack"). Pittsford ("behind a Jiule mill on a state or federal tax records, papers of incorporation, and banking side-road"). Brandon ('"just south of where (Route] 7 crosses and financial papers. All that remains now of these iroo-making a big brook"}, and Forest Dale "the Green Mountain stack. operations are the historic.al records as gleaned from dozens of which was in very good condition"). town. coumy, and state hist0ries, and their physical remains along Archival research has not uncovered che same hisLoric.al ref­ mountain and valley streams. erences t,larte said he was using or the photographs he took. Archival and field infom1ation that follows is the result of work Researching sirnilat-named town histories in other New England done mainly from 1978 to 1988. When this projecc began in scates has likewise fa iled to resolve many of the iron-making 1978. the author knew of only two blast furnace sites in Vennont: site claims made by Jacobs ancVor Hane. But this does not one at East Bennington with the ruins of two collapsed stack.,; mean the data are incorrect. Many iron-making remains are and the other at East Dorset. 11,e sites were visiced, neighbors still waiting to be rediscovered in Vermont. were queried , and some libra1ies were visited where card fi les Three series or maps were used 10 det.ennine the existence, were inspected for anything related with the iron industry (and locacion . and time period of the ironworks . These were the card files yielded meager resuhs). Files were eventually created 1796 10 1838 fames Whitelaw maps of Vermont; che 1854 10 while studying town. county, and state histories. trade journals. 1859 Scott, Rice, McClellan. Walling. etc .. county maps; and and maps. Frequent rrips were made to the University of Vennont the 1869 to 1878 F. W. Beers county aliases. The Whitelaw (UVM) Special Collections Library and the Ve.-mont Historical maps used a Mars symbol o (which in alchemy stood for iron) Society (VHS) Library. with che purchase of many new and used to indicate iron•making sites without differentiating between books on loc,aJ history in the process. forges or blast furnaces. The county maps identify bloomeries Trade journals and repons that provided 19th•century oper.tting and rurnaces by owner or company name. Additionally, they and production fi gures and descriptions for forges and foundries display foundries, machine shops, mines and ore beds . race­ throughout che United Scaces were of immense value. Many of ways, dams. and buildings on village. cown. and county scale. these arc found only outside Vcnnont. Also used were I9 th­ Maps wi1h irooworks information were compared. site by site, ceotury county and town histories plus currently publi~hed and directly to each other and to county, tow,1, and state histories reprinted histories, publications of historical societies and and gazetteers. ironworks reporcs, and iron\v0rks-related arti­ museums. business direccories, and U.S. Census 1-epons. Much cles. \Vith this infom1ation. the sites were located as closely ambiguity in the historical descriptions of ironworks was as possible on current USGS copographic maps and the effort encountered. then shifted ouc of che house and library and into the fiel d. One of the more intriguing items was a shore article published Ac fi rs, chought, the search for an 18th· or I9 th-century stone by the VHS in 1953 by Stace Geologist Elbridge Jacobs on che blast furnace does not seem so difficult that it requires a subject of ironworks. in which he claimed the following loca­ technique. In terms of irs massive size, a blast rurnace is about tions and dates of blast furnaces in Vermont: the height of a two- or three-story structure. Blast funrnces were usually made of large stone blocks, were surrounded by Tinmouth 1783 Sheldon 1798 Dorset 1831 other stnictures and waterpowered devices, and thus should be Bennington 1786 Vergennes 1799 Fairfi eld 1831 in the midst of an acre or so of stone foundations. And some Pittsford 1791 Swanton 1799 Tyson 1837 standing blast furnaces were quickly located in the fie ld. But Fair Haven 1797 Porest Dale 1810 Bennington 1853 a collapsed furnace today resembles no more than a low. brush­ rvtanche.~ter Pittsford 1859 Chit1ende11 1797 1821 covered mound. It c.an be as deceptively difficult to locate as Blast fumaces were buiJt at many of these locations~ forges a fully standing 30- to 40-foot-high stack in the hea"ily fo liated 71 200 Years of Soot ancl Sweat Vermom councryside. The loc:ation of the few obvious blast second by following the slag indic.ations upstream until none furnaces. such as Benningco1l and East Dorset. were made rlght is found. Since slag and everything else washes downstream, from the cruck window. The more difficult ruins resulted in note the increased number of slag finds in the strcambed as the many hours, a nd sometimes many weekends, of hiking through inspection proceeds upstream. A mal'ked drop in slag fin ds brush and wading in sire.ams. signals the lime to search fo r the site itself. But this technique An e.le.ctronic metal detector was tl'ied with no satisfactory is not always foolproof: bits o f slag were tracked a q uarte r-mile result. Iron-making and il'onworking sites have become recip­ up the Konkapot Rive(. dght past 1he actual forge site at New ients of all manner or discarded machinery . some from later \\•larlboro. Massachusetts. to the back fill of a stream-side industries at the same site. some from trash d umped i11to water­ cemelery. 1n this c.ase . the slag existed both ups1ream and wheel pits, c.cllar holes, and abandoned waterways (Oumcs. downstream of the forge site. c.:mals, and raceways). Se.arching fo r ironworks by inspecting Since early blast furnaces and bloomcry fo rges depended on the gene.ral area with a de tector took time better spent looking waterpowe.r to produce lhe necessary draft , the.y located for more accurate surface clues. One. a lternative to electronic alo ngside dependably flowing streams, usually next to a major metal detectors is dowsing. It was not tried but is claimed to falls or rapids. With abandonment of the operations. most of have been used with some succe.ss around the world to find 1he remaining artifacts worked their way into these stre.ams and such things as buried pipes and cables. so why not a fo rge site were washed farthe r downstream by yearly cycles of spring (Hume 1969:36-39)'! freshe ts augmented by ice movement, The streambeds in the The most obvious anifact at a n iro11-making site. is 1he srnnd­ vicinity of mills, therefore, became the depository o f all manner ing or nearly sta nding blast furnace ruin. T he less obvious is of industrial a11ifacts (and contemporary domestic trash). In­ slag . that ubiquitous wasle by-product of the iron indusU)'. But spec tion o f suspect streambeds for artifacts is therefo re an es­ slag can be a misleading anifact. Good blast furnace slag is sential part of asearc h fo r and inspection of the industria l site. usually multicolored with a glassy surface. It will shanereasily The besc time to inspect the stream is late summer. prcfcmbly if stnick. and its slivers will injure. unprotected eye.s. hands. during an extended rainless period when water Jevel a nd turbid­ and feel. The slag can be shades of blue. green , black. a nd ity are low. A clear, sunny day is necessary to see the stream gray, Some slag will betray its fonner molten state through bottom clearly . strolling knee-deep into the stream, W0l'king ripple marks on the surface or holes left by gas bubbles.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Schoolcraft Blast Furnace
    Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore Schoolcraft National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Blast Furnace Schoolcraft furnace With surveyor William Burt’s discovery of iron ore near Teal Lake in Marquette County in 1844, Michigan’s Upper Peninsula suddenly became a hub of activity. The discovery led to construction of a vast mining and manufacturing industry using forges and blast furnaces. When the Civil War ended, many of the South’s furnaces had been destroyed by the war. Westward expansion was occurring across the plains and demand for iron boomed. It was during this era that many of the Upper Peninsula’s furnaces were constructed. There were advantages to smelting iron ore from charcoal fires. Iron produced in this manner was low in carbon content, making it highly fusable, strong, malleable and able to withstand shocks without cracking. The iron made fine wagon rims, horseshoes, and railroad wheels. Before the boom times were over, 29 separate furnaces were located on the Old Munising, ca. 1870 peninsula, though not all operated simultaneously. The business of iron making required more capital than was readily available in the area and financing and management of the operations was often complex. The first group of investors were from Philadelphia. They wished to develop a resort village on Munising Bay’s east shoreline in 1850. Some 87,000 acres of timber were purchased for $.85 an acre. A village was platted on the east shore of Munising Bay, lots were sold, and a dock was built. Henry Mather and Peter White acted as agents for the group of investors who created the Schoolcraft Iron Company in 1866.
    [Show full text]
  • Higher-Quality Electric-Arc Furnace Steel
    ACADEMIC PULSE Higher-Quality Electric-Arc Furnace Steel teelmakers have traditionally viewed Research Continues to Improve the electric arc furnaces (EAFs) as unsuitable Quality of Steel for producing steel with the highest- Even with continued improvements to the Squality surface finish because the process design of steelmaking processes, the steelmaking uses recycled steel instead of fresh iron. With over research community has focused their attention 100 years of processing improvements, however, on the fundamental materials used in steelmaking EAFs have become an efficient and reliable in order to improve the quality of steel. In my lab steelmaking alternative to integrated steelmaking. In at Carnegie Mellon University, we have several fact, steel produced in a modern-day EAF is often research projects that deal with controlling the DR. P. BILLCHRIS MAYER PISTORIUS indistinguishable from what is produced with the impurity concentration and chemical quality of POSCOManaging Professor Editorof Materials integrated blast-furnace/oxygen-steelmaking route. steel produced in EAFs. Science412-306-4350 and Engineering [email protected] Mellon University Improvements in design, coupled with research For example, we recently used mathematical developments in metallurgy, mean high-quality steel modeling to explore ways to control produced quickly and energy-efficiently. phosphorus. Careful regulation of temperature, slag and stirring are needed to produce low- Not Your (Great-) Grandparent’s EAF phosphorus steel. We analyzed data from Especially since the mid-1990s, there have been operating furnaces and found that, in many significant improvements in the design of EAFs, cases, the phosphorus removal reaction could which allow for better-functioning burners and a proceed further.
    [Show full text]
  • 5. Sirhowy Ironworks
    Great Archaeological Sites in Blaenau Gwent 5. SIRHOWY IRONWORKS There were a number of ironworks in the area now covered by Blaenau Gwent County Borough, which provided all the raw materials they needed – iron ore, limestone and fuel, charcoal at first but later coal to make coke. The Sirhowy ironworks (SO14301010) are the only one where there is still something to see. The works were opened in 1778 with one blast furnace. Although it was originally blown by water power, in 1799 the owners invested in a Boulton and Watt steam engine. This gave them enough power to blow a second furnace, which started production in 1802. In the early years of the 19th century, the pig iron produced at Sirhowy was sent to the Tredegar works a little further down the valley where it was refined, until 1818 when the Sirhowy works were sold and started to send its pig iron to Ebbw Vale. A third furnace was added in 1826 and a fourth in 1839. But by the 1870s iron smelting at Sirhowy was no longer profitable, and the works finally closed in 1882. Like all ironworks in South Wales, the furnaces were built against a steep bank which enabled the ironworkers to load the charge of iron ore, limestone and coke or charcoal fuel more easily at the top of the furnace. All that is now left now are the remains of a bank of blast furnaces with the arches that would originally have linked them to the casting houses in front, and the building that originally housed the waterwheel.
    [Show full text]
  • National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property
    NFS Form 10-900-b 0MB No. 1024-0018 (Jan. 1987) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Multipler Propertyr ' Documentation Form NATIONAL This form is for use in documenting multiple property groups relating to one or several historic contexts. See instructions in Guidelines for Completing National Register Forms (National Register Bulletin 16). Complete each item by marking "x" in the appropriate box or by entering the requested information. For additional space use continuation sheets (Form 10-900-a). Type all entries. A. Name of Multiple Property Listing ____Iron and Steel Resources of Pennsylvania, 1716-1945_______________ B. Associated Historic Contexts_____________________________ ~ ___Pennsylvania Iron and Steel Industry. 1716-1945_________________ C. Geographical Data Commonwealth of Pennsylvania continuation sheet D. Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, J hereby certify that this documentation form meets the National Register documentation standards and sets forth requirements for the listing of related properties consistent with the National Register criteria. This submission meets the procedural and professional requiremerytS\set forth iri36JCFR PafrfsBOfcyid the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Planning and Evaluation. Signature of certifying official Date / Brent D. Glass Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission State or Federal agency and bureau I, hereby, certify that this multiple
    [Show full text]
  • 6. Representation in Existing Surveys
    FHR-8-300 (11-78) United States Department off the Interior Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form See instructions in How to Complete National Register Forms Type all entries—complete applicable sections_______________ 1. Name historic Windischar's General Blacksmith Shop and/or common Weissenfels' Blacksmith Shop 2. Location street & number Sheridan St. not for publication city, town Mt. Angel vicinity of congressional district 2nd state Oregon code 41 county Marion code 047 3. Classification Category Ownership Status Present Use district public occupied agriculture** museum X building(s) X private X unoccupied X commercial park structure both work in progress educational private residence site Public Acquisition Accessible entertainment religious object in process X yes: restricted government scientific being considered yes: unrestricted X industrial transportation no military other; 4. Owner of Property name See continuation sheet street & number city, town vicinity of state 5. Location of Legal Description courthouse, registry of deeds, etc. Marion County Courthouse street & number city, town Salem state Oregon 97301 6. Representation in Existing Surveys title None has this property been determined elegible? yes X no date federal state county local depository for survey records city, town state 7. Description Condition Check one Check one excellent deteriorated unaltered X original site good ruins _ K_ altered _JLfair unexposed Describe the present and original (iff known) physical appearance The blacksmith shop built for John Wind ischar (the vari ent spelling of the name is Windishar) in the agricultural community of Mt. Angel in Oregon 's Willamette Valley some time between 1902 and 1905 was enlarged in 1922 by the addition of a barn building and a 13-foot connecting section to the rear.
    [Show full text]
  • The Vermont Management Plan for Brook, Brown and Rainbow Trout Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department January 2018
    The Vermont Management Plan for Brook, Brown and Rainbow Trout Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department January 2018 Prepared by: Rich Kirn, Fisheries Program Manager Reviewed by: Brian Chipman, Will Eldridge, Jud Kratzer, Bret Ladago, Chet MacKenzie, Adam Miller, Pete McHugh, Lee Simard, Monty Walker, Lael Will ACKNOWLEDGMENT: This project was made possible by fishing license sales and matching Dingell- Johnson/Wallop-Breaux funds available through the Federal Sportfish Restoration Act. Table of Contents I. Introduction ......................................................................................... 1 II. Life History and Ecology ................................................................... 2 III. Management History ......................................................................... 7 IV. Status of Existing Fisheries ............................................................. 13 V. Management of Trout Habitat .......................................................... 17 VI. Management of Wild Trout............................................................. 34 VII. Management of Cultured Trout ..................................................... 37 VIII. Management of Angler Harvest ................................................... 66 IX. Trout Management Plan Goals, Objectives and Strategies .............. 82 X. Summary of Laws and Regulations .................................................. 87 XI. Literature Cited ............................................................................... 92 I. Introduction
    [Show full text]
  • Progress of Stream Measurements
    Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper No. 125 Series P, Hydrographic Progress Reports, 30 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES D. WALCOTT, DIRECTOR REPORT PROGRESS OF STREAM MEASUREMENTS THE CALENDAR YEAR 1904 PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF F. H. NEWELL BY R. E. HORTON, N. C. GROVER, and JOHN C. HOYT PART II. Hudson, Passaic, Raritan, and Delaware River Drainages WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1905 Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper No. 125 Series P, Hydrographic Progress Reports, 30 i DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES D. WALCOTT, DIRECTOR REPORT PROGRESS OF STREAM MEASUREMENTS THE CALENDAR YEAR 1904 PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF F. H. NEWELL BY R. E. HORTON, N. C. GROVER, and JOHN C. HOYT PART II. Hudson, Passaic, Raritan, and Delaware River Drainages WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1905 CONTENTS. Letter of transmittal...................................................... 7 Introduction............................................................. 9 Cooperation and acknowledgments ...... ...^.............................. 18 Hudson Eiver drainage basin. ............................................ 19 Hudson Eiver at Fort Edward, N. Y .............................. 19 Hudson Eiver at Mechanicsville, N. Y............................. 22 Indian Eiver at Indian Lake, Hamilton County, N. Y.............. 24 Hoosic Eiver at Buskirk, N. Y .................................... 24 Mohawk River at Little Falls, N. Y................................ 26 Mohawk Eiver at Dunsbach Ferry Bridge, N. Y.................... 29 Oriskany Creek near Oriskany, N. Y .............................. 32 Starch Factory Creek near New Hartford, N. Y.................... 35 Sylvan Glen Creek near New Hartford, N. Y....................... 37 Graefenberg Creek near New Hartford, N. Y....................... 39 Eeels Creek and Johnston Brook near Deer-field, N. Y.............. 41 Nail Creek at Utica, N. Y......................................... 45 West Canada Creek at Twin Eock Bridge, N. Y...................
    [Show full text]
  • Studying and Improving Blast Furnace Cast Iron Quality
    Т. К. BALGABEKOV, D. K. ISSIN, B. M. KIMANOV, A. Z. ISSAGULOV, ISSN 0543-5846 ZH. D. ZHOLDUBAYEVA, А. Z. AKASHEV, B. D. ISSIN METABK 53(4) 556-558 (2014) UDC – UDK 669.162.2:669.1:669.13=111 STUDYING AND IMPROVING BLAST FURNACE CAST IRON QUALITY Received – Prispjelo: 2013-11-09 Accepted – Prihvaćeno: 2014-04-30 Preliminary Note – Prethodno priopćenje In the article there are presented the results of studies to improve the quality of blast furnace cast iron. It was estab- lished that using fire clay suspension for increasing the mould covering heat conductivity improves significantly pig iron salable condition and filtration refining method decreases iron contamination by nonmetallic inclusions by 50 – 70 %. Key words: blast furnace, cast iron, fire clay, filter, filtering elements INTRODUCTION tically contain water after mould drying with coke gas. Therefore, pig iron salable condition improves signifi- With the development of motor transport industry, cantly. machine-tool building and other machine building Besides, the use of fire clay for mould coverings ex- branches there increased the requirements to the quality cludes claps in dissolution and prevents the lime solu- of blast furnace cast iron. With the use in the cupola tion corroding action when split on the open parts of the mixture of cast iron melted in large-volume furnaces worker’s body, increases the culture of production and with the melting progressive parameters, at machine decreases labor intensity when making solution, as there building plants there became often defective castings is excluded the waste presence up to 30 – 40 % in the with shrinkage defects, friability, cracks.
    [Show full text]
  • Bloomery Design
    Arch ‘n Craft Practicum- Week 4 BLOOMERY DESIGN Hiu, Julieta, Matthew, Nicholas 7 3/4" The Stack: 3 3/4" In our ideal model we would use refractory bricks, either rectangular bricks or curved bricks which would help us make a circular 1'-8" stack. The stack would be around 3 feet tall with a 1 foot diameter for the inner wall of the stack. There will be openings about 3 brick lengths up(6-9 inches) from the ground on 1'-0" opposite ends of the stack. Attached to these openings will be our tuyeres which in turn will connect to our air sources. Building a circular stack would be beneficial to the type of air distribution we want to create within our furnace; using two angled tuyeres we would like air to move clockwise and counterclock- Bloomery Plan wise. We would like to line the inside of the stack with clay to provide further insulation. Refractory bricks would be an ideal material to use because the minerals they are com- posed of do not change chemically when 1'-0" exposed to high heat, some examples of these materials are aluminum, manganese, silica and zirconium. Other comments: 3'-0" Although we have opted to use refractory bricks, which would be practical for our intended purpose, we briefly considered using Vycor glass which can withstand high tem- peratures of up to 900 degrees celsius or approximately 1652 degrees Fahrenheit, which Tuyere height: Pitched -10from horizontal 7" would be enough for our purposes. Bloomery Section Ore/ Charcoal: Our group has decided to use Magnetite ore along with charcoal for the smelt.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Public Comment on Draft Trout Stream Management Plan
    Assessment of public comments on draft New York State Trout Stream Management Plan OCTOBER 27, 2020 Andrew M. Cuomo, Governor | Basil Seggos, Commissioner A draft of the Fisheries Management Plan for Inland Trout Streams in New York State (Plan) was released for public review on May 26, 2020 with the comment period extending through June 25, 2020. Public comment was solicited through a variety of avenues including: • a posting of the statewide public comment period in the Environmental Notice Bulletin (ENB), • a DEC news release distributed statewide, • an announcement distributed to all e-mail addresses provided by participants at the 2017 and 2019 public meetings on trout stream management described on page 11 of the Plan [353 recipients, 181 unique opens (58%)], and • an announcement distributed to all subscribers to the DEC Delivers Freshwater Fishing and Boating Group [138,122 recipients, 34,944 unique opens (26%)]. A total of 489 public comments were received through e-mail or letters (Appendix A, numbered 1-277 and 300-511). 471 of these comments conveyed specific concerns, recommendations or endorsements; the other 18 comments were general statements or pertained to issues outside the scope of the plan. General themes to recurring comments were identified (22 total themes), and responses to these are included below. These themes only embrace recommendations or comments of concern. Comments that represent favorable and supportive views are not included in this assessment. Duplicate comment source numbers associated with a numbered theme reflect comments on subtopics within the general theme. Theme #1 The statewide catch and release (artificial lures only) season proposed to run from October 16 through March 31 poses a risk to the sustainability of wild trout populations and the quality of the fisheries they support that is either wholly unacceptable or of great concern, particularly in some areas of the state; notably Delaware/Catskill waters.
    [Show full text]
  • Baseline Survey Report on Blacksmith
    BASELINE SURVEY REPORT ON ENCOURAGING BLACKSMITHS TO SEEK FURTHER TRAININGIN ALTERNATIVE LIVELIHOODSKILLS TO ILLICIT WEAPONS IMPLEMENTED BY: SIERRA LEONE ACTION NETWORK (SLANSA) AND LOCAL PARTNERS. FUNDED BY: UNITED NATIONS TRUST FACILITY SUPPORTING COOPERATION ON ARMS REGULATIONS (UNSCAR).APRIL, 2017. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE CHAPTER TITLE PAGE ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii LIST OF GRAPHS/TABLES iv GLOSSARY/ACRONYMS v-vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY vii- CHAPTER ONE BACKGROUND 1- 3 CHAPTER TWO VIEWS ON BLACKSMITHERY 4 - 6 CHAPTER THREE SURVEY METHODOLOGY 7 CHAPTER FOUR SURVEY FINDINGS 8- 13 CHAPTER FIVE RECOMMENDATIONS/CONCLUSIONS 14 -16 APPENDICES A BIBLIOGRAPHY/REFERENCES B. DATABASE OF BLACKSMITH INTERVIEW ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Surveys are technical and scientific exercises that normally require the collective inputs from all key players if it could gain the expected goals. This survey wouldn’t have been completed without the valuable contributions of some key persons. The effort of SLANSA Network members, enumerators and Field supervisors and all those involved in the survey and production of report is highly appreciated. iii LIST OF GRAPH AND FIGURES PAGE Fig. 1 Gender Distribution among respondents 8 Fig. 2 A bar graph showing Blacksmiths who currently active in production. 9 Fig. 3 A pie chart showing Blacksmiths who were or are manufacturing Guns. 10 Fig.4 A linear graph showing Respondents who are willing to stop producing Guns and seek further training in alternative livelihood skills. 11 Fig. 5 Gunsmiths who intend to register with the Sierra Leone National Commission on Small Arms to become licensed gunsmiths. 12 Fig. 6 Histograph showing /Blacksmiths who said they have ready market to sell their products.
    [Show full text]
  • Edition November 2014 95
    EDITION NOVEMBER 2014 95 QUARTERLY NEWSLETTER OF THE AUSTRALIAN BLACKSMITHS ASSOCIATION (VICTORIA) INC. THE DRIFT EDITION 95 NOVEMBER 2014 Quarterly Newsletter of the Contents Australian Blacksmiths Association (Victoria) Inc. Reg. # A0022819F EDITOR 04 05 06 09 10 D.Tarrant President’s Secretaries Unmaking AGM Bernhard Report Report Nick Hackett “Minutes” Wyrsch Ash Naylor Bernhard (After Victorian hours please Wyrsch i.e., after 5pm AEST or AESST) All correspondence to: 12 14 15 16 18 ABA (Vic) Inc. From the Having a Go Cutlery in Girls Go Association PO Box 408 Patron Ben Sokol England Hammer and Notices Heidelberg VIC 3084 Keith Towe Don Marshall Tong Association website: Rachel Kane www.abavic.org.au Workdays @ The Barn Our regular workdays are fortnightly on Sundays from 10am until 4.30pm. Check the calendar on VISITORS’ CENTRE The Barn is part of the back cover for dates. Also listed at http://www. & CAFE The Cooper’s Settlement, abavic.org.au Bundoora Park, Plenty Road, Bundoora. Melways reference: The Committee will open The Barn at other mutually conven- Map 19, F4 ient times; please call the Secretary to arrange a time. COOPER’S SETTLEMENT SOUTH Committee Meetings GATE THE BARN COMMITTEE MEMBERS The Committee usually meets every second month at The Barn on a Sunday workday at 10am. Members are BUNDOORA PATRON most welcome to attend and, if invited, may participate. PARK Keith Towe PLENTY RD. PRESIDENT The Drift accepts advertising deemed by the Committee to be of interest to members. Advertising rates are: $20 1/4 page $35 1/2 page $60 full page $75 3/4 back cover Nick Hackett: Contact Alice Garrett, Treasurer, to book space and organise payment: Deadline for next issue: 1 January 2015 CITY VICE PRESIDENT Phil Pyros: SECRETARY Purposes & Objectives of the ABA (Vic) Inc.
    [Show full text]