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AM935842.1.1361 uncultured Burkholderiales bacterium Class Betaproteobacteria AY283260.1.1552 Alcaligenes sp. PCNB−2 Class Betaproteobacteria AM934953.1.1374 uncultured Burkholderiales bacterium Class Betaproteobacteria AJ581593.1.1460 uncultured betaAM936569.1.1351 proteobacterium uncultured Class Betaproteobacteria Derxia sp. Class Betaproteobacteria AJ581621.1.1418 uncultured beta proteobacterium Class Betaproteobacteria DQ248272.1.1498 uncultured soil bacterium soil uncultured DQ248272.1.1498 DQ248235.1.1498 uncultured soil bacterium RS49 DQ248270.1.1496 uncultured soil bacterium DQ256489.1.1211 Variovorax paradoxus Class Betaproteobacteria Class paradoxus Variovorax DQ256489.1.1211 AF523053.1.1486 uncultured Comamonadaceae bacterium Class Betaproteobacteria AY706442.1.1396 uncultured bacterium uncultured AY706442.1.1396 AJ536763.1.1422 uncultured bacterium CS000359.1.1530 Variovorax paradoxus Class Betaproteobacteria Class paradoxus Variovorax CS000359.1.1530 AY168733.1.1411 uncultured bacterium AJ009470.1.1526 uncultured bacterium SJA−62 Class Betaproteobacteria Class SJA−62 bacterium uncultured AJ009470.1.1526 AY212561.1.1433 uncultured bacterium D16212.1.1457 Rhodoferax fermentans Class Betaproteobacteria Class fermentans Rhodoferax D16212.1.1457 AY957894.1.1546 uncultured bacterium AJ581620.1.1452 uncultured beta proteobacterium Class Betaproteobacteria RS76 AY625146.1.1498 uncultured bacterium RS65 DQ316832.1.1269 uncultured beta proteobacterium Class Betaproteobacteria DQ404909.1.1513 uncultured bacterium uncultured DQ404909.1.1513 AB021341.1.1466 bacterium rM6 AJ487020.1.1500 uncultured bacterium uncultured AJ487020.1.1500 RS7 RS86RC AF364862.1.1425 bacterium BA128 Class Betaproteobacteria AY957931.1.1529 uncultured bacterium uncultured AY957931.1.1529 CP000884.723807.725332 Delftia acidovorans SPH−1 Class Betaproteobacteria AY957923.1.1520 uncultured bacterium uncultured AY957923.1.1520 RS18 AY957918.1.1527 uncultured bacterium uncultured AY957918.1.1527 AY945883.1.1500 uncultured bacterium AF526940.1.1489 uncultured Ralstonia sp. Class Betaproteobacteria Class sp. Ralstonia uncultured AF526940.1.1489 AB076856.1.1523 Diaphorobacter nitroreducens Class Betaproteobacteria AY945874.1.1501 uncultured bacterium uncultured AY945874.1.1501 AY661996.1.1528 uncultured bacterium AY568512.1.1525 Burkholderia fungorum Class Betaproteobacteria Class fungorum Burkholderia AY568512.1.1525 CU918829.2.1326 uncultured bacterium RS79 DQ202243.1.1305 uncultured bacterium AB487113.1.1358 uncultured bacterium RS61 CP001340.2866137.2867609 Caulobacter crescentus NA1000 Class Alphaproteobacteria AY773197.1.1497 Burkholderia sp. Br3469 Class Betaproteobacteria Class Br3469 sp. Burkholderia AY773197.1.1497 DQ177494.1.1453 Caulobacter sp. Tibet−S913 Class Alphaproteobacteria CP000378.3048145.3049671 Burkholderia cenocepacia AU 1054 Class Betaproteobacteria Class 1054 AU cenocepacia Burkholderia CP000378.3048145.3049671 DQ184515.1.1442 Brevundimonas sp. C6B3 Class Alphaproteobacteria AB252928.1.1503 uncultured beta proteobacterium Class Betaproteobacteria RS42 DQ395857.1.1455 uncultured organism AY568509.1.1494 uncultured Burkholderia sp. Class Betaproteobacteria Class sp. Burkholderia uncultured AY568509.1.1494 AY293404.1.1421 uncultured alpha proteobacterium Class Alphaproteobacteria DQ264620.1.1505 uncultured bacterium uncultured DQ264620.1.1505 DQ177489.1.1431 Brevundimonas sp. Tibet−IX23 Class Alphaproteobacteria RS64 DQ108394.1.1457 Brevundimonas sp. Tibet−IBa1 Class Alphaproteobacteria RS39 DQ404656.1.1441 uncultured bacterium AL646053.1205189.1206722 Ralstonia solanacearum GMI1000 Class Betaproteobacteria Class GMI1000 solanacearum Ralstonia AL646053.1205189.1206722 AM697237.1.1429 uncultured bacterium DQ351926.1.1501 uncultured bacterium bacterium uncultured DQ490030.1.1494 DQ493433.1.1449 soil bacterium TWE165 DQ351927.1.1493 uncultured bacterium bacterium uncultured DQ298326.1.1386 RS51 AB234302.1.1562 Alcaligenes sp. TS−MOSK−6 Class Betaproteobacteria Class TS−MOSK−6 sp. Alcaligenes AB234302.1.1562 DQ163946.1.1446 uncultured bacterium RS66 AJ318163.1.1443 uncultured alpha proteobacterium Class Alphaproteobacteria DQ159185.1.1457 uncultured bacterium uncultured DQ159185.1.1457 AY515421.1.1431 uncultured alpha proteobacterium Class Alphaproteobacteria DQ499310.1.1495 uncultured bacterium Betaproteobacteria Class TS−MOSK−3 sp. Alcaligenes AB234299.1.1490 BA000012.2750005.2751465 Mesorhizobium loti MAFF303099 Class Alphaproteobacteria AB234301.1.1459 Alcaligenes sp. TS−MOSK−5 Class Betaproteobacteria Class TS−MOSK−5 sp. Alcaligenes AB234301.1.1459 CU920584.1.1304 uncultured bacterium DQ298145.1.1386 uncultured bacterium uncultured DQ298145.1.1386 RS12 AY856842.1.1513 Stenotrophomonas sp. 22 Class GammaproteobacteriaAF358001.1.1499 uncultured bacterium DQ104991.1.1399 Mesorhizobium sp. JS 6 Class Alphaproteobacteria DQ228378.1.1424 uncultured bacterium DQ223206.1.1498 uncultured proteobacterium DQ499293.1.1494 uncultured bacterium DQ305289.1.1365 Mesorhizobium sp. S1−8 Class Alphaproteobacteria AY690680.1.1425 Mesorhizobium sp. GC15 Class Alphaproteobacteria AY922072.1.1337 uncultured alpha proteobacterium Class Alphaproteobacteria AY555807.1.1460 uncultured bacterium RS69 DQ113412.1.1322 uncultured Bartonella sp. Class Alphaproteobacteria DQ228413.1.1488 uncultured bacterium AY748888.1.1471 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Class Gammaproteobacteria AJ884484.1.1549 Stenotrophomonas sp. Class Gammaproteobacteria DQ113413.1.1323 uncultured Bartonella sp. Class Alphaproteobacteria CU918533.1.1283 uncultured bacterium AF100731.1.1472 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Class Gammaproteobacteria DQ507209.1.1446 Rhizobium sp. MTR32A Class Alphaproteobacteria RS10 CU919014.55.1379 uncultured bacterium AY856845.1.1538 Stenotrophomonas sp. 45 Class Gammaproteobacteria DQ468101.1.1444 Ochrobactrum sp. Yw15 Class Alphaproteobacteria DQ125653.1.1474 uncultured bacterium AB257640.1.1537 uncultured gamma proteobacterium Class Gammaproteobacteria AF250354.1.1401 Sinorhizobium xinjiangense Class Alphaproteobacteria DQ337551.1.1442 Rhizobium sp. BBCT66 Class Alphaproteobacteria AJ879127.1.1445 Sinorhizobium sp. L1 Class Alphaproteobacteria AM084032.1.1466 Sinorhizobium sp. R−25078 Class Alphaproteobacteria DQ337571.1.1448 Rhizobium sp. CHNTR26 Class Alphaproteobacteria RS43 AF508095.1.1212 Agrobacterium tumefaciens Class Alphaproteobacteria D14506.1.1472 Agrobacterium sp. NCPPB1650 Class Alphaproteobacteria RS59 CU922903.1.1294 uncultured bacterium AY725258.1.1506 uncultured bacterium AF525841.1.1409 uncultured soil bacterium RS32 DQ395499.1.1472 uncultured organism AY820173.1.1481 Stenotrophomonas sp. EBPR−1 Class Gammaproteobacteria CU927207.1.1306 uncultured bacterium DQ450758.1.1310 uncultured alpha proteobacterium Class Alphaproteobacteria DQ413077.1.1408 uncultured bacterium AY663436.1.1431 Stenotrophomonas sp. H2AY345536.1.1527 Class Gammaproteobacteria unidentified bacterium DQ463209.1.1285 uncultured bacterium AY661995.1.1531 uncultured bacterium DQ336968.1.1445 uncultured bacterium AY838526.1.1522 uncultured bacterium CU926364.1.1307 uncultured bacterium AJ973277.1.1534 Pseudomonas sp. NN84 Class Gammaproteobacteria RS77 CU926633.1.1307 uncultured bacterium RS67 CU922363.1.1299 uncultured bacterium 0.1 AB252934.1.1450 uncultured alpha proteobacterium Class Alphaproteobacteria AY373393.1.1491 uncultured bacterium AY957934.1.1474 uncultured bacterium AB247485.1.1471 uncultured bacterium AY958854.1.1516 uncultured bacterium AY081988.1.1463 uncultured bacterium CU924130.1.1350 uncultured bacterium CU927036.1.1332 uncultured bacterium AY959027.1.1519 uncultured bacterium DQ351924.1.1454 uncultured bacterium DQ465010.1.1523 Pseudomonas sp. VTT E−052911 Class Gammaproteobacteria DQ351918.1.1450 uncultured bacterium RS48 CP001002.146467.147942 Methylobacterium radiotolerans JCM 2831 Class Alphaproteobacteria DQ065780.1.1456 uncultured bacterium RS46 RS73 AY177358.1.1353 phenanthrene−degrading bacterium 35 Class Alphaproteobacteria RS54 AJ518767.1.1242 uncultured alpha proteobacterium Class Alphaproteobacteria DQ456289.1.1457 uncultured bacteriumRS83 AY922113.1.1346 uncultured alpha proteobacterium Class Alphaproteobacteria RS28 DQ347522.1.1399 Paracoccus sp. DL213327.8.1540B−1012 Class Alphaproteobacteria synthetic construct AF358002.1.1453 uncultured bacterium DQ071483.1.1508 uncultured bacterium RS47 DQ234100.1.1513 uncultured Enterobacteriaceae bacterium Class Gammaproteobacteria AB286367.1.1397 uncultured bacterium CU923508.1.1374 uncultured bacterium DQ234143.1.1570 uncultured EnterobacteriaceaeDQ248285.1.1502 bacterium unculturedGammaproteobacteria soil bacterium DQ303296.1.1480 uncultured Bradyrhizobium sp. Class Alphaproteobacteria DQ071123.1.1407 uncultured marine bacterium RS31 CP000826.298569.300103 Serratia proteamaculans 568 Class Gammaproteobacteria CU919026.2.1309 uncultured bacterium CU919927.2.1313 uncultured bacterium DQ297950.1.1449 uncultured soil bacterium CU918905.2.1313 uncultured bacterium AF407695.1.1523 uncultured bacterium AACY020355234.491.2006 marine metagenome D87345.1.1504 unculturable Mariana eubacterium no. 1 Class Gammaproteobacteria AY570631.1.1492 uncultured bacterium AJ488068.1.1625 uncultured bacterium AY570621.1.1493 uncultured bacterium RS60 DQ353902.1.1482 uncultured bacterium DQ492807.1.1480 Pseudoalteromonas sp. BSw20700 Class Gammaproteobacteria AY571338.1.1544 Sedimentibacter hongkongensis Class Clostridia RS68 AY913838.1.1434 uncultured bacterium RS78 RS45 DQ354709.1.1499 uncultured bacterium CU919563.1.1353
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  • Being Aquifex Aeolicus: Untangling a Hyperthermophile's Checkered Past

    Being Aquifex Aeolicus: Untangling a Hyperthermophile's Checkered Past

    GBE Being Aquifex aeolicus: Untangling a Hyperthermophile’s Checkered Past Robert J.M. Eveleigh1,2, Conor J. Meehan1,2,JohnM.Archibald1, and Robert G. Beiko2,* 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada 2Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]. Accepted: November 22, 2013 Abstract Lateral gene transfer (LGT) is an important factor contributing to the evolution of prokaryotic genomes. The Aquificae are a hyper- thermophilic bacterial group whose genes show affiliations to many other lineages, including the hyperthermophilic Thermotogae, the Proteobacteria, and the Archaea. Previous phylogenomic analyses focused on Aquifex aeolicus identified Thermotogae and Downloaded from Aquificae either as successive early branches or sisters in a rooted bacterial phylogeny, but many phylogenies and cellular traits have suggested a stronger affiliation with the Epsilonproteobacteria. Different scenarios for the evolution of the Aquificae yield different phylogenetic predictions. Here, we outline these scenarios and consider the fit of the available data, including three sequenced Aquificae genomes, to different sets of predictions. Evidence from phylogenetic profiles and trees suggests that the Epsilonproteobacteria have the strongest affinities with the three Aquificae analyzed. However, this pattern is shown by only a http://gbe.oxfordjournals.org/ minority of encoded proteins, and the Archaea, many lineages of thermophilic bacteria, and members of genus Clostridium and class Deltaproteobacteria also show strong connections to the Aquificae. The phylogenetic affiliations of different functional subsystems showed strong biases: Most but not all genes implicated in the core translational apparatus tended to group Aquificae with Thermotogae, whereas a wide range of metabolic and cellular processes strongly supported the link between Aquificae and Epsilonproteobacteria.
  • Isolation of Francisella Tularensis from Skin Ulcer After a Tick Bite, Austria, 2020

    Isolation of Francisella Tularensis from Skin Ulcer After a Tick Bite, Austria, 2020

    microorganisms Case Report Isolation of Francisella tularensis from Skin Ulcer after a Tick Bite, Austria, 2020 Mateusz Markowicz 1,*, Anna-Margarita Schötta 1 , Freya Penatzer 2, Christoph Matscheko 2, Gerold Stanek 1, Hannes Stockinger 1 and Josef Riedler 2 1 Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; [email protected] (A.-M.S.); [email protected] (G.S.); [email protected] (H.S.) 2 Kardinal Schwarzenberg Klinikum, Kardinal Schwarzenbergplatz 1, A-5620 Schwarzach, Austria; [email protected] (F.P.); [email protected] (C.M.); [email protected] (J.R.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +43-1-40160-33023 Abstract: Ulceroglandular tularemia is caused by the transmission of Francisella tularensis by arthro- pods to a human host. We report a case of tick-borne tularemia in Austria which was followed by an abscess formation in a lymph node, making drainage necessary. F. tularensis subsp. holarctica was identified by PCR and multilocus sequence typing. Keywords: tularemia; Francisella tularensis; tick; multi locus sequence typing Depending on the transmission route of Francisella tularensis, tularemia can present Citation: Markowicz, M.; Schötta, as a local infection or a systemic disease [1]. Transmission of the pathogen takes place A.-M.; Penatzer, F.; Matscheko, C.; by contact with infected animals, by bites of arthropods or through contaminated water Stanek, G.; Stockinger, H.; Riedler, J. and soil. Hares and wild rabbits are the main reservoirs of the pathogen in Austria [2].
  • Emerging Bartonellosis Christoph Dehio & Anna Sander

    Emerging Bartonellosis Christoph Dehio & Anna Sander

    Emerging bartonellosis Christoph Dehio & Anna Sander Bartonellae are arthropod-borne pathogens of they cause a long-lasting infection within the red blood Ggrowing medical importance. Until the early cells (intraerythrocytic bacteraemia). Blood-sucking 1990s, only two species of this bacterial genus, arthropod vectors transmit the bacteria from this reservoir B. bacilliformis and B. quintana, were recognized as caus- to new hosts. Incidental infection of non-reservoir hosts ing disease in humans. In addition to re-emergence of the (e.g. humans by the zoonotic species) may cause disease, human-specific B. quintana, a number of zoonotic but does not result in intraerythrocytic infection. Bartonella species have now been recognized as causative agents for a broadening spectrum of diseases that can be Natural history and epidemiology transmitted to humans from their animal hosts. Most Humans are the only known reservoir for two Bartonella prominently, B. henselae is an important zoonotic species, B. bacilliformis and B. quintana. pathogen that is frequently passed from its feline B. quintana was a leading cause of infectious morbidity reservoir to humans. among soldiers during World War I, and recurred on the Bacteria of the genus Bartonella are Gram-negative, East European front in World War II. The disease, pleomorphic, fastidious bacilli that belong to the α-2 Trench fever, is rarely fatal and is characterized by an subclass of Proteobacteria. All Bartonella species appear intraerythrocytic bacteraemia with recurrent, cycling to have a specific mammalian species as a host, in which fever. It is transmitted among humans by the human body louse Pediculus humanus. Although almost forgotten Table 1.