The electronic version of the book is created by http://www.enverhoxha.ru ************************ WORKERS OF ALL COUNTRIES, UNITE! ENVER HOXHA SELECTED WORKS PUBLISHED BY DECISION OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE PARTY OF LABOUR OF ALBANIA ENVER HOXHA THE INSTITUTE OF MARXIST-LENINIST STUDIES AT THE CC OF THE PLA ENVER HOXHA VOLUME III JUNE 1960 - OCTOBER 1965 THE «8 NËNTORI» PUBLISHING HOUSE TIRANA, 1980 FOREWORD The third volume of the «Selected Works» of Comrade Enver Hoxha in English includes materials from the period 1960-1965. Basing himself firmly on the fundamental principles of Marxism-Leninism, as well as on the experience gained by the PLA, during this period Comrade Enver Hoxha elaborated a series of theses of theoretical and practical value which have to do with the consolidation and further development of the gains of socialism in Albania. At the same time these theses constitute a resolute defence of Marxism-Leninism on the international plane. Internally, 1960 marks the dividing line between two stages of the construction of socialism in Albania: the suc­ cessful conclusion of the construction of the economic base of socialism and the commencement of the new historical stage — the complete construction of socialist society. In the works included in this volume, Comrade Enver Hoxha sums up the revolutionary experience of the PLA and the results achieved in the first stage, but he devotes his main attention to the elaboration and carrying out of the funda­ mental tasks of the new stage. The orientations for the development of the country in this stage were given by the 4th Congress of the PLA in February 1961, at which, along with continuing the revolutionary perfecting of socialist relations of production, the task for the complete construc­ tion of the material-technical base of socialism was laid down. VIII FOREWORD In this period, the great Marxist-Leninist principle of self-reliance, which the PLA has always applied in all the stages of the revolution and the socialist construction of the country, was materialized more thoroughly in practice. The problems of the revolutionary ideological and moral education of the working people occupy a special place in the materials of this volume. The raising of the revolutionary consciousness of the people was dictated, first of all, by the new stage of development of our society in the course of the complete construction of socialist socie­ ty, but also by the need to cope with the imperialist and revisionist ideological pressure against our country, which in the 60’s took the form of a real aggression. The experi­ ence of the restoration of capitalism in the Soviet Union had confirmed that socialism, triumphant in one or the other country, was in danger, not only from the armed imperialist intervention from abroad, but also from the internal peace­ ful counter-revolution. The revolutionary Marxist-Leninist tempering of people, their formation as communists, was to play a major role in destroying the soil for this counter­ revolution and forestalling the danger of the restoration of capitalism. On the external plane, the years 1960-1965 have gone down in history as the years when the Party of Labour of Albania, besides its struggle against world imperialism, headed by American imperialism, came into head-on con­ frontation with Khrushchevite revisionism, and rose with all its strength in open struggle against it, a struggle which became more and more pronounced and more intense as time went on. The materials in this volume are clear evidence of this courageous and principled struggle of the PLA to ex­ pose the counter-revolutionary, chauvinist policy and ideo­ logy of the Khrushchevite leadership of the Soviet Union, and the anti-Marxist views and practices of modern revision­ FOREWORD IX ism, this agency of the bourgeoisie in the communist and workers’ movement. The PLA centred its struggle on the defence of the fundamental principles of the Marxist- Leninist theory about the hegemonic role of the working class and the leadership of its party in the construction of socialist and communist society, about the ways of transi­ tion to socialism, about the socialist revolution and the dictatorship of the proletariat, about classes and the class struggle, about Leninist peaceful coexistence, etc., oppos­ ing its revolutionary views to the anti-Marxist theses of the 20th Congress and the program approved by the 22nd Congress of the CPSU, which constitute the «code» of mod­ ern revisionism. At the Meetings of Bucharest and Moscow in 1960, amongst other things, the PLA defended the Leninist prin­ ciples and norms which govern relations between commun­ ist parties. From these positions it resolutely opposed the anti-Marxist methods which Khrushchev used for the con­ demnation of the CP of China. There the PLA stood beside the CP of China, believing that it was a communist party. Later, time showed that this was not so, and that the Chi­ nese leadership fought Khrushchev from positions and for aims quite contrary to Marxism-Leninism, by which the policy and struggle of the PLA were guided. In the conditions when the Khrushchevite revisionists had begun their frontal attack on Marxism-Leninism, the PLA and Comrade Enver Hoxha, contrary to the vacillations and the desires of the Chinese leadership to pursue the opportunist policy of «sitting on the fence», launched the slogan of finally breaking with the revisionists in all fields, regardless of the difficulties and obstacles that would arise. Many of the materials in this volume bring out the grave internal crisis which had affected the Khrushchevite revisionists and which reached its culmination in 1964. This X FOREWORD crisis was the result of the principled struggle of the Marxist-Leninist parties and all genuine communists against the Khrushchevite revisionists and the exposure and dis­ crediting they suffered in the eyes of the peoples of the world. It was also the result of the contradictions and the struggle for power in the ranks of the Soviet leadership. To save themselves from the crisis and further discredit, the revisionist chiefs were obliged to remove from the political stage their chief and the architect of the revisionist course of the 20th and 22nd Congresses of the CPSU, Khrushchev. The PLA described the inglorious end of Khrushchev as a heavy blow to the revisionist staff and a victory for Marxism-Leninism, while warning at the same time that with his fall, Khrushchevite revisionism had by no means come to an end. At no time did it nurture illusions, as the Chinese leaders did, about the «new» leader­ ship and the «radical change» which had allegedly occurred in the Soviet Union. This volume also includes some articles from the res­ pective period drawn from the book «Reflections on China», volume 1, which reflect the efforts of the PLA to help the CP of China. Opinions critical of what was occurring in China are expressed in them. The PLA could not make these opinions public at that time, but through party chan­ nels, in a comradely way and at the proper time, it ex­ pressed them to the Chinese leadership, in the hope that it would put itself on the right road. Like every historical work, the materials included in this volume bear the brand of their time, therefore it is necessary that the reader should keep in mind the time in which they were written. In volume 3, as in the preceding volumes, some of the materials are published in an abridged form. ALWAYS FOLLOW A CORRECT LINE From the contribution to the discussion at the meeting of the Political Bureau of the CC of the PLA June 22, 1960 The question we are going to discuss today has to do with the Bucharest Meeting1. As decided, we sent to Rum­ ania a party delegation, headed by Comrade Hysni Kapo, 1 In a letter dated June 2, 1960 the CC of the CPSU propo­ sed to the CC of the PLA that a meeting of the representatives of the communist and workers’ parties of the socialist camp be held at the end of that month «to exchange opinions on the questions of the current international situation and define a common line for the future». In another letter dated June 7, the CC of the CPSU proposed to the CC of the PLA that the meeting should be postponed and its date agreed on at a preliminary meeting, due to be held in Bucharest, of the representatives of the sister parties of the socialist camp, who would attend the proceedings of the 3rd Congress of the Ru­ manian Workers’ Party. Accepting this proposal, the CC of the PLA appointed Comrade Hysni Kapo, Member of the Political Bureau and Secretary of the CC of the PLA, to head the dele­ gation of the PLA to the 3rd Congress of the RWP, and author­ ized him to exchange opinions with the representatives of the other sister parties on the date of the meeting. However, the delegation of the PLA in Bucharest found itself faced with an international meeting prepared by the Soviet leaders with anti-Marxist methods and aims. 2 ENVER HOXHA to participate in the proceedings of the 3rd Congress of the Rumanian Workers’ Party. We had foreseen that on this occasion the first secretaries, or some of them, would go at the head of the delegations of the parties, but for many reasons, which we know, we judged that I should not go. In addition to its participation in the proceedings of the 3rd Congress of the Rumanian Workers’ Party, our delega­ tion was also authorized to participate in the Meeting of the representatives of the communist and workers’ parties of the socialist camp, according to the agreement reached, in order to fix the place and date of a meeting of all the parties, at which they will discuss, among other things, the disagreements existing between the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Communist Party of China.