How the Soviet-Albanian Relations Came to an End
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June 20, 1966 Report on a Meeting Between Enver Hoxha and DPRK Ambassador an Yong
Digital Archive digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org International History Declassified June 20, 1966 Report on a Meeting between Enver Hoxha and DPRK Ambassador An Yong Citation: “Report on a Meeting between Enver Hoxha and DPRK Ambassador An Yong,” June 20, 1966, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, AQPPSH, MPP Korese, D 3, V. 1966. Translated for NKIDP by Enkel Daljani. http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/114407 Summary: Enver Hoxha meets with the North Korean Ambassador to Albania, An Yong, to discuss North Korea's foreign relations, Titoist and Khrushchevian revisionism, the communist movement, and bilateral relations. Credits: This document was made possible with support from the Leon Levy Foundation. Original Language: Albanian Contents: English Translation THE MEETING BETWEEN THE FIRST SECRETARY OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE ALBANIAN LABOR PARTY, COMRADE ENVER HOXHA, AND THE AMBASSADOR OF THE DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF KOREA, AN YONG, ON THE OCCASION OF HIS FINAL DEPARTURE FROM ALBANIA, ON JUNE 20, 1966 After Comrade Enver Hoxha received the ambassador and went to the quarters where the conversation would take place, he asked him about the health of Comrade [General Secretary of the Korean Worker’s Party (KWP)] Kim Il Sung and also expressed his regret that after a stay of several years, the ambassador is leaving Albania. “But you are Albanians now,” said Comrade Enver Hoxha to the North Korean ambassador. Ambassador An Yong: Since the time I set off for Albania, where I have stayed for a relatively long time, I had a recommendation from the party and government to do all that is possible to accomplish my task within the framework of our great friendship. -
Reflections on the Religionless Society: the Case of Albania
Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe Volume 16 Issue 4 Article 1 8-1996 Reflections on the Religionless Society: The Case of Albania Denis R. Janz Loyola University, New Orleans, Louisiana Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree Part of the Christianity Commons, and the Eastern European Studies Commons Recommended Citation Janz, Denis R. (1996) "Reflections on the Religionless Society: The Case of Albania," Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe: Vol. 16 : Iss. 4 , Article 1. Available at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree/vol16/iss4/1 This Article, Exploration, or Report is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ George Fox University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ George Fox University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. REFLECTIONS ON THE RELIGIONLESS SOCIETY: THE CASE OF ALBANIA By Denis R. Janz Denis R. Janz is professor of religious studies at Loyola University, New Orleans, · Louisiana. From the time of its inception as a discipline, the scientific study of religion has raised the question of the universality of religion. Are human beings somehow naturally religious? Has there ever been a truly religionless society? Is modernity itself inimical to religion, leading slowly but nevertheless inexorably to its extinction? Or does a fundamental human religiosity survive and mutate into ever new forms, as it adapts itself to the exigencies of the age? There are as of yet no clear answers to these questions. And religiologists continue to search for the irreligious society, or at least for the society in which religion is utterly devoid of any social significance, where the religious sector is a tiny minority made up largely of elderly people and assorted marginal figures. -
The Case of Albania During the Enver Hoxha Era
Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe Volume 40 Issue 6 Article 8 8-2020 State-Sponsored Atheism: The Case of Albania during the Enver Hoxha Era İbrahim Karataş Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree Part of the Eastern European Studies Commons, Policy History, Theory, and Methods Commons, Religion Commons, and the Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies Commons Recommended Citation Karataş, İbrahim (2020) "State-Sponsored Atheism: The Case of Albania during the Enver Hoxha Era," Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe: Vol. 40 : Iss. 6 , Article 8. Available at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree/vol40/iss6/8 This Peer-Reviewed Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ George Fox University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ George Fox University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STATE-SPONSORED ATHEISM: THE CASE OF ALBANIA DURING THE ENVER HOXHA ERA By İbrahim Karataş İbrahim Karataş graduated from the Department of International Relations at the Middle East Technical University in Ankara in 2001. He took his master’s degree from the Istanbul Sababattin Zaim University in the Political Science and International Relations Department in 2017. He subsequently finished his Ph.D. program from the same department and the same university in 2020. Karataş also worked in an aviation company before switching to academia. He is also a professional journalist in Turkey. His areas of study are the Middle East, security, and migration. ORCID: 0000-0002-2125-1840. -
Exploring Communist Ruins and Memory Politics in Albania Kailey Rocker 24
1 2 3 4 Contents Introduction. Memory and Portrayal of Communism in Albania in the Public and in the Private Sphere Jonila Godole & Idrit Idrizi 7 Public Depictions and Discourses Specters of Communism. Albanian Post-Socialist Studies and the Return of the Communist Repressed Federico Boni 15 Ruins, Bodies, and Pyramids: Exploring Communist Ruins and Memory Politics in Albania Kailey Rocker 24 Bunk’Art Project – A Glimpse into the Communist Past in Albania Alsena Kokalari 34 Pragmatist Politics on Memory and Oblivion. Post-Communist Attitudes towards Communist Museology in Albania Konstantinos Giakoumis 46 Everyone for and against Communism. The Paradoxes of the Change in the Political System 1990–1992 and of Its Memory Afrim Krasniqi 60 Remembrance between the Public and the Private Sphere The Young Generation’s Borrowed Memory of the Communist Period Jonila Godole 73 Typologies of Private Memories of Communism in Albania. A Study Based on Oral History Interviews in the Region of Shkodra, with a Special Focus on the Period of Late Socialism (1976–1985) Idrit Idrizi 85 5 Photography and Remembrance. Questioning the Visual Legacy of Communist Albania Gilles de Rapper 103 Albania’s Relations with the Soviet Union and Their Traces in Individual and Collective Memory Brisejda Lala 120 Perspectives from the Region Post-Socialist Nostalgia: What Is It and What To Do about It? Daniela Koleva 133 Appendix Conference Programme 146 Authors 150 6 7 Introduction Memory and Portrayal of Communism in Albania in the Pub- lic and in the Private Sphere A survey conducted by the OSCE on Albanians’ knowledge and perceptions of the communist past awakened public reactions in Decem- ber of 2016.1 At the center of attention was the positive perception of the communist dictator on the part of almost half of those surveyed. -
Ligjvënësit Shqipëtarë Në Vite
LIGJVËNËSIT SHQIPTARË NË VITE Viti 1920 Këshilli Kombëtar i Lushnjës (Senati) Një dhomë, 37 deputetë 27 mars 1920–20 dhjetor 1920 Zgjedhjet u mbajtën më 31 janar 1920. Xhemal NAIPI Kryetar i Këshillit Kombëtar (1920) Dhimitër KACIMBRA Kryetar i Këshillit Kombëtar (1920) Lista emërore e senatorëve 1. Abdurrahman Mati 22. Myqerem HAMZARAJ 2. Adem GJINISHI 23. Mytesim KËLLIÇI 3. Adem PEQINI 24. Neki RULI 4. Ahmet RESULI 25. Osman LITA 5. Bajram bej CURRI 26. Qani DISHNICA 6. Bektash CAKRANI 27. Qazim DURMISHI 7. Beqir bej RUSI 28. Qazim KOCULI 8. Dine bej DIBRA 29. Ramiz DACI 9. Dine DEMA 30. Rexhep MITROVICA 10. Dino bej MASHLARA 31. Sabri bej HAFIZ 11. Dhimitër KACIMBRA 32. Sadullah bej TEPELENA 12. Fazlli FRASHËRI 33. Sejfi VLLAMASI 13. Gjergj KOLECI 34. Spiro Jorgo KOLEKA 14. Halim bej ÇELA 35. Spiro PAPA 15. Hilë MOSI 36. Shefqet VËRLACI 16. Hysein VRIONI 37. Thanas ÇIKOZI 17. Irfan bej OHRI 38. Veli bej KRUJA 18. Kiço KOÇI 39. Visarion XHUVANI 19. Kolë THAÇI 40. Xhemal NAIPI 20. Kostaq (Koço) KOTA 41. Xhemal SHKODRA 21. Llambi GOXHAMANI 42. Ymer bej SHIJAKU Viti 1921 Këshilli Kombëtar/Parlamenti Një dhomë, 78 deputetë 21 prill 1921–30 shtator 1923 Zgjedhjet u mbajtën më 5 prill 1921. Pandeli EVANGJELI Kryetar i Këshillit Kombëtar (1921) Eshref FRASHËRI Kryetar i Këshillit Kombëtar (1922–1923) 1 Lista emërore e deputetëve të Këshillit Kombëtar (Lista pasqyron edhe ndryshimet e bëra gjatë legjislaturës.) 1. Abdyl SULA 49. Mehdi FRASHËRI 2. Agathokli GJITONI 50. Mehmet PENGILI 3. Ahmet HASTOPALLI 51. Mehmet PILKU 4. Ahmet RESULI 52. Mithat FRASHËRI 5. -
Kalendari I Kujtesës 2021
KALENDARI I KUJTESËS 2021 TË DHËNAT PERSONALE EMËR, MBIËMER TELEFON ADRESA FAX VENDI E-MAIL IDMC - Instituti për Demokraci, Media dhe Kulturë është një organizatë e pavarur, jo- © IDMC 2020 fitimprurëse dhe joqeveritare me qendër në Tiranë. IDMC promovon zhvillimin e vlerave Institute for Democracy, Media & Culture demokratike, rolin dhe impaktin e medias e të kulturës brenda dhe jashtë vendit. IDMC Address: Bardhok Biba Street, Entrance A, synon të promovojë vlerat demokratike duke shërbyer si një Think Tank, duke inkurajuar Trema Building, 11th Fl., Apt. 36, Tirana, Albania sondimin e opinionit publik për çështje të ndryshme të politikbërjes. Si dhe përmes www.idmc.al mbështetjes dhe motivimit të brezit të ri drejt formave të reja të pjesëmarrjes politike. Duke marrë si shembull Shqipërinë, ku reflektimi mbi të shkuarën e saj totalitare nuk Kalendari i Kujtesës botohet me mbështetjen e ka zënë në këto 25 vjet vendin që meriton, IDMC ka si mision që përmes aktiviteteve Fondacionit Konrad Adenauer në Tiranë. sensibilizuese ta inkurajojë brezin e ri të njohë historinë dhe të reflektojë mbi të shkuarën për një të ardhme më të sigurt demokratike. Konrad Adenauer Stiftung Address: “Dëshmorët e Kombit” Blvd. Twin Tower 1, 11th Fl., Tirana, Albania www.kas.de/albanien/ Për kalendarin online kanë punuar disa autorë. IDMC falënderon historianin Uran Butka, i cili përpiloi versionin e parë më 2016 me 130 data përkujtimore. Gjatë vitit 2020, kalendari online u pasurua me rreth 65 data të reja përkujtimore për periudhën kohore 1944–1992 nga historiani i ri Pjerin Mirdita, drejtor i Muzeut të Dëshmisë dhe Kujtesës në Shkodër. -
May 27, 1946 Soviet Record of Conversation of Gen. I.V. Stalin with Marshal Tito, 27-28 May 1946
Digital Archive digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org International History Declassified May 27, 1946 Soviet Record of Conversation of Gen. I.V. Stalin with Marshal Tito, 27-28 May 1946 Citation: “Soviet Record of Conversation of Gen. I.V. Stalin with Marshal Tito, 27-28 May 1946,” May 27, 1946, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, Archive of the President, Russian Federation (APRF), f. 45, op. 1, d. 397, ll. 107-110. Published in Istoricheskii arkhiv, No. 2, 1993. Translated by Daniel Rozas http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/117097 Summary: Stalin and Tito discuss the economic situation of Yugoslavia and a plan for the Soviet Union providing assistance for further industrial and military development. Yugoslav foreign relations are also discussed. Credits: This document was made possible with support from the Leon Levy Foundation. Original Language: Russian Contents: English Translation Record of Conversation of Generalissimus I.V. Stalin with Marshal Tito 27 May 1946 at 23:00 hours[1] Secret Present: from the USSR side - [USSR Foreign Minister] V.M. Molotov, USSR Ambassador to Yugoslavia A.I. Lavrent'ev; from the Yugoslav side - Minister of Internal Affairs, A. Rankovich; Head of the General Staff, Lieutenant-General K. Popovich; Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Serbia, Neshkovich; Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Slovenia, Kidrich; Yugoslav Ambassador to USSR, V. Popovich.[2] At the start of the meeting com. Stalin asked Tito whether, in the instance of Trieste being granted the status of a free city, this would involve just the city itself or the city suburbs, [3] and which status would be better - along the lines of Memel [Klaipeda, Lithuania] or those of Danzig [Gdansk, Poland].[4] Tito replied that the suburbs of the city are inhabited by Slovenians. -
Marxism- Leninism Teaches That the People Are the Creators of History Enver Hoxha
C Introduction, A.Hamza & F.Ruda C R R I I S “Marxism-Leninism Teaches that the People is the Creator of History“ S I was published in Zëri i Popullit (The Voice of the People), the official I S S Marxism- 1 th newspaper of the Labour Party of Albania in Nr. 90 (2359) on the 14 & of April 1956. It was published a day before the Tirana Conference of & the Communist Party (15th-16th April 1956), which was a very important C C R political development for the Labour Party of Albania. At that time, the R I country was still holding a very pro-Soviet position, however, trying I Leninism TeachesT T I to situate itself with regard to the Soviet Union after Tito’s attempt to I Q renormalize relations with the Soviet Union and Khrushchev’s visit in Q U Belgrade just a year before. U E E At this Conference, Enver Hoxha was nearly voted out, or more that the People / precisely, the Tirana Conference was about to vote out the Albanian Troika / of Enver Hoxha- Mehmet Shehu2- Beqir Balluku.3 Balluku was presiding Volume 3 / Volume 3 / Issue 1 over the Conference, when the critiques of the Politburo reached its Issue 1 peak. When the situation was “electrified,” as Hoxha himself described it, Balluku called Hoxha, who was on holiday in the southern town of are the Creators Vlora, and suggested to come back to Tirana immediately, as he was about to be voted out. Enver came back and delivered two speeches. In the first one (given on the 15th of April), he addressed the delegates in a very soft and moderate tone, trying to reconcile with his critics, whereas on the morning of the 16th his tone was much harsher and he denounced of History many delegates, who were then later executed. -
1 LIGJVËNËSIT SHQIPTARË NË VITE Viti 1920 Këshilli Kombëtar I
LIGJVËNËSIT SHQIPTARË NË VITE Viti 1920 Këshilli Kombëtar i Lushnjës (Senati) Një dhomë, 37 deputetë 27 mars 1920–20 dhjetor 1920 Zgjedhjet u mbajtën më 31 janar 1920. Xhemal NAIPI Kryetar i Këshillit Kombëtar (1920) Dhimitër KACIMBRA Kryetar i Këshillit Kombëtar (1920) Lista emërore e senatorëve 1. Abdurrahman Mati 22. Myqerem HAMZARAJ 2. Adem GJINISHI 23. Mytesim KËLLIÇI 3. Adem PEQINI 24. Neki RULI 4. Ahmet RESULI 25. Osman LITA 5. Bajram bej CURRI 26. Qani DISHNICA 6. Bektash CAKRANI 27. Qazim DURMISHI 7. Beqir bej RUSI 28. Qazim KOCULI 8. Dine bej DIBRA 29. Ramiz DACI 9. Dine DEMA 30. Rexhep MITROVICA 10. Dino bej MASHLARA 31. Sabri bej HAFIZ 11. Dhimitër KACIMBRA 32. Sadullah bej TEPELENA 12. Fazlli FRASHËRI 33. Sejfi VLLAMASI 13. Gjergj KOLECI 34. Spiro Jorgo KOLEKA 14. Halim bej ÇELA 35. Spiro PAPA 15. Hilë MOSI 36. Shefqet VËRLACI 16. Hysein VRIONI 37. Thanas ÇIKOZI 17. Irfan bej OHRI 38. Veli bej KRUJA 18. Kiço KOÇI 39. Visarion XHUVANI 19. Kolë THAÇI 40. Xhemal NAIPI 20. Kostaq (Koço) KOTA 41. Xhemal SHKODRA 21. Llambi GOXHAMANI 42. Ymer bej SHIJAKU Viti 1921 Këshilli Kombëtar/Parlamenti Një dhomë, 78 deputetë 21 prill 1921–30 shtator 1923 Zgjedhjet u mbajtën më 5 prill 1921. Pandeli EVANGJELI Kryetar i Këshillit Kombëtar (1921) Eshref FRASHËRI Kryetar i Këshillit Kombëtar (1922–1923) 1 Lista emërore e deputetëve të Këshillit Kombëtar (Lista pasqyron edhe ndryshimet e bëra gjatë legjislaturës.) 1. Abdyl SULA 49. Mehdi FRASHËRI 2. Agathokli GJITONI 50. Mehmet PENGILI 3. Ahmet HASTOPALLI 51. Mehmet PILKU 4. Ahmet RESULI 52. Mithat FRASHËRI 5. -
Stalinism in Albania: Domestic Affairs Under Enver Hoxha Stephen R
Liberty University DigitalCommons@Liberty University Faculty Publications and Presentations Helms School of Government 1-1989 Stalinism in Albania: Domestic Affairs under Enver Hoxha Stephen R. Bowers Liberty University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/gov_fac_pubs Part of the Other Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons, Political Science Commons, and the Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration Commons Recommended Citation Bowers, Stephen R., "Stalinism in Albania: Domestic Affairs under Enver Hoxha" (1989). Faculty Publications and Presentations. Paper 87. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/gov_fac_pubs/87 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Helms School of Government at DigitalCommons@Liberty University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Liberty University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. East European Quarterly, XXII, No. 4- January 1989 STALINISM IN ALBANIA: DOMESTIC AFFAIRS UNDER ENVER HOXHA Stephen R. Bowers James Madison University The modern revisionists and reactionaries call us Stalinists thinking that they insult us. But on the contrary, they glorify us with this epithet; it is an honor for us to be Stalinists for while we maintain such a stand the enemy cannot and will never force us to our knees. 1 Enver Hoxha In discussing the evolution of communist party states in Eastern Europe, Chalmers Johnson argued that "Communists do not merely rule, or dominate, or suppress; they institute a process of change.n2 An examination of such a process of change in Albania, Eastern Eu rope's least studied Marxist-Leninist regime, demonstrates the va lidity of Johnson's assertion and, moreover, permits the student of change in Communist society to make generalizations about the di rection of that process. -
"THE MARXIST-LENINIST" (Weekly Magazine Number 7, April 14, 1985)
The electronic version of the magazine is created by http://www.enverhoxha.ru APRIL 14, 1985 THE MARXIST-LENINIST PAGE 1 COMMUNIQUE With profound sorrow, we learned that on triumph of the revolution and socialism in April 11, 1985 at 2:15 a.m., the most beloved Albania and the defence of the homeland, and and respected Comrade Enver Hoxha, First for the cause of the proletarians and oppressed Secretary of the Central Committee of the Party peoples of all lands. He will always be of Labour of Albania, Chairman of the General remembered, loved and respected for his Council of the Democratic Front of Albania outstanding contribution to these great causes. and Commander-in-Chief of the Albanian To honour the memory and work of Comrade Armed Forces, passed away. Enver Hoxha, the Communist Party of Canada The Communist Party of Canada (Marxist- (Marxist-Leninist) will hold solemn meetings all Leninist) deeply mourns the death of Comrade across the country, beginning with the Enver Hoxha. Comrade Enver Hoxha will live Memorial Meetings in Montrealand Toronto on in our hearts forever, his life and work inspiring April 21, 1985. us and illuminating our path, the path which is opened up by the teachings of Marx, Engels, Political Bureau of the Lenin and Stalin to which Comrade Enver Hox Central Committee, ha made a great contribution. Communist Party of Comrade Enver Hoxha lived and worked for Canada (Marxist-Leninist) the cause of the Albanian people, for the TELEGRAM to the Central Committee of the Party of Labour of Albania from Comrade Hardial Bains, First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Canada (Marxist-Leninist) Central Committee Democratic Front of Albania and Commander- Party of Labour of Albania in-Chief of the armed forces. -
Clergy Attempted to Discourage This by Withholding the Sacraments.69 to This End
THE ALBANIAN ATHEIST STATE 1967-1991 Amelia Gailagher, Faculty of Religious Studies McGill University, Montreal September 1997 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in RELIGIOUS STUDIES O 1997 Amelia Gallagher National Library Bibliothèque nationale 1*1 of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395. nie Wellington OitawaON K1AON4 OnawaON K1AON4 Canada Canada The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence ailovwing the exclusive permettant a la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, dismbute or sell reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la fome de microfiche/film, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts tiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. 1wish to thank Father Primus Ndrevashay and Reverend Imam Ismail Vehbi for their priceless encouragement. Zoti ju bekost dhe tju ket në kujdes! I aiso extend tremendous gratitude to Dr. A. Üner Turgay for his time and effort, any description of which would be an underestimation. Finally, I thank Dr.