ENVER HOXHA THE SUPERPOWERS 1959-1984 EXTRACTS FROM THE POLITICAL DIARY TIRANA, 1986 THE INSTITUTE OF MARXIST-LENINIST STUDIES AT THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE PARTY OF LABOUR OF ALBANIA «8 NENTORI» PUBLISHING HOUSE FOREWORD In the rich fund of the all-sided creative work of Comrade Enver Hoxha, the beloved and unforgettable leader of the Albanian Party and people, along with the series of volumes of his Works, theoretical books, volumes of reminiscences, correspondence with the people, etc., his Political Diary on International Questions (1958-1984), which is kept in the Central Archives of the Party, takes an important place. Up till now the following publications: «Reflections on China» in two volumes, «Reflections on the Middle East» and «Two Friendly Peoples», have come from this Diary. And now here is a new publication «The Superpowers». This whole book reflects many acute and important events of international political life which have occurred during the quarter century (June 1959 to December 1984). In particular, while observing all aspects of the policy and stand of the United States of America and the Soviet Union with unremitting attention, in this book Comrade Enver Hoxha makes a profound analysis of them. He explains how the superpowers were created, what they represent and what characterizes their internal and external policies, what is their true nature and strategy, their place, and the role which they play in the various political developments of our time. By means of notes, reflections and political panoramas, written with great passion and expressive and generalizing force, the author makes a wide-ranging analysis of the aims and efforts of American imperialism to establish and extend its hegemony everywhere in the world. By presenting a complete tableau of American policy, from the end of the Second World War to the present day, he exposes the gendarme role of the United States of America, its secret and open economic, political and military interventions and pressures against freedom-loving peoples and sovereign countries in order to subjugate and plunder them. Likewise, by analysing the retrogressive process which occurred in the Soviet Union when the Khrushchevites came to power, Comrade Enver Hoxha shows how, at the beginning of the sixties, a new great capitalist and socialimperialist power, thirsting far world domination, was arising and emerging on the world scene. In a number of articles from this period, he points out those features which characterize the Khrushchevite strategy for the transformation of the Soviet Union from a socialist country into an aggressive imperialist surperpower. In these aims and feverish efforts to create their empire, the Khrushchevites tried to destroy socialism and the genuine communist parties and to quell the revolutionary and liberation movements of the peoples everywhere. In the Soviet Union and in the other countries of people’s democracy they caused the tragedy which we know about, while with the Party of Labour of Albania and the Albanian people they did not succeed, but failed in their intrigues, conspiracies and open military threats. On what basis did the contradictions arise and the struggle develop between the Party of Labour of Albania and the 1 Communist Party of the Soviet Union, what proportions did the struggle assume and how did the Albanian people cope with the difficult situation and the savage blockade of the Soviet revisionist leadership which spoke and acted from the positions of a great power towards a small but indomitable people? This book, which speaks about these stormy events, throws light on these facts of historical importance. This struggle of the Party of Labour of Albania not only saved the Albanian people from a terrible fate, but was also a major contribution to the common cause of the peoples whom it warned from the outset of the new dangers with which they were being threatened by a new superpower disguised with a «socialist» veil. Being a man of broad erudition and profound knowledge of world political developments, and following and interpreting them from the standpoint of dialectical and historical materialism, in this book Comrade Enver Hoxha penetrates to the essence of questions which are worrying the whole mankind today and reveals the true causes of the continuous increase of international tension and those who are causing it. With great political and ideological courage, he denounces the superpowers which, through their expansionist and hegemonic policy, have created a threatening, explosive and unstable situation in the world, as well as grave major dangers far the security of peoples and general peace. He exposes the demagogy about peace and the plots of American imperialism and Soviet socialimperialism, their secret diplomacy and the intrigues which they hatch up in the United Nations Organization and everywhere else to the detriment of the freedom and sovereignty of peoples. He strongly and publicly condemns their aggressive and reactionary character, their strategy and the fascist doctrines which they have elaborated to put their strategy into practice. In this context, many events such as the Caribbean crisis, the American aggression against Vietnam, the Soviet revisionists’ aggression against Czechoslovakia and Afghanistan, the American interference in the Middle East, especially in Lebanon, the invasion of little Grenada, the deployment of new American and Soviet missiles in the European countries and the «star wars» for the occupation of outer space, occupy a special place in this book. In the analysis which he makes of these events, Comrade Enver Hoxha denounces the brutal methods and practices of superpower intervention, the terrorism which the superpowers have raised to a system and transformed into state policy. The book «The Superpowers» also deals extensively with the Soviet-American collaboration, from its first steps with the establishment of the direct telephone link to the summit meetings between chiefs of American imperialism and the Soviet social-imperialism. A detailed analysis is given both of the idyllic picture of Soviet-American relations and the law of the jungle which exists in these relations. Comrade Enver Hoxha defines clearly that nothing good comes to the world either when the superpowers quarrel or when they ore in close alliance with each other. In each case, the peoples pay the cost. The analysis, facts and events which ore presented in the book inform the reader not only about the strategy and tactics which the two superpowers pursue far world domination, about the specific and common features which characterize them, but also about the relations they have with their «allies», the countries of the West and of the East which they have incorporated in the military blocs of NATO and the Warsaw Treaty. The policy of other imperialist or social-imperialist powers, of «United Europe» and China to become superpowers; their approaches to, collisions and contradictions with the United States of America and the Soviet Union, ore dealt with from the same standpoint. The arguments which Comrade Enver Hoxha puts forward in this book refute the myths spread by bourgeois propaganda about the «invincibility» of the superpowers. He discloses the American and Soviet «Achilles’ heel» , while making a high appreciation of the great and invincible force of the proletariat and the freedom-loving peoples of the world, who are resolutely and boldly opposing and challenging the aggressive policy of American imperialism, Soviet social-imperialism and other imperialist powers. Coming out in defence of the lofty aspirations of the peoples, of their just struggle for freedom and independence, Comrade Enver 2 Hoxha says firmly that every people is able to live free and independent in its own country, without holding out a hand to either superpower and without their credits or atomic umbrellas. The conclusions presented in this book about the present international situation, about the repeated economic, political, moral and ideological crises which are more and more shaking the capitalist and the revisionist world, are of great theoretical and practical value. This book once again brings out clearly that brilliant course on which socialist Albania has proceeded and is proceeding uninterruptedly, that resolute and courageous struggle which our Party and people have waged against imperialist, revisionist and other enemies to defend not only the freedom and independence of socialist Albania, but also the just cause of all the freedom-loving peoples of the world. The book is a further testimony to that corretti, revolutionary, internationalist policy which the Party of Labour of Albania and the Albanian socialist state have worked out and always applied in international relations, a policy which is followed and defended loyally by the Central Committee of the Party with Comrade Ramiz Alia at the head. TUESDEY JUNE 2, 1959 KHRUSHKEV CONTINUES IS VISIT TO THE SOUT PENG DEHUAI HAS LEFT We went to see the orange plantation at Stjar. We visited Butrin. (Ancied City South Albania). While we were looking at the beauties of Butrin, Khrushchev (Khrushchevs visited Albania from May 25 to June 4, 1959) called Malinovsky to him and I heards is whisper, «What a mervelleus place! Here an ideale base for our submarine can be built… From here we could paralize and attack everything.» I was astonished at how he could make such a calculation «without consulting the owners», as our people say. We returned to Vlora again by ship. Grotewohl