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EXEM PLAI RH COPY N EXEM PLAI RH N" COPY 273 ORIGINAL: FRENCH NATO SECRET IOth November » 1952 DOCUMENT AC/2U-D/16 INFORMATION POLICY WORKING GROUP Note b,v the Secretary There is circulated herewith for the information of delegations and consideration by the Working Group at its meeting on 12th November, 1952, a document prepared by the Secretariat on the so-called Vienna Peace Congress which is to be held in December, 1952.36 (S i gned) H. HJORTH-NIELSEN DECLASSIFIED - PUBLIC DISCLOSURE / DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MISE EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MISE / DÉCLASSIFIÉ DISCLOSURE - PUBLIC DECLASSIFIED Palais de Chaillct, Paris, XVIe. h AC/21+-A/7, Item III NATO SSORKT AC/2U-D/16 T:iE PEOPLES' PEACE CONGRESS - VIENIU I. ANTECEDENTS The Communists repeatedly proclaim that only Communism c.an put an end to v/ar. The theme of Peace has, however, always played an important part in their propaganda and recruiting campaigns. Originally a vague general concept,, this theme received clear definition in ISATj when a Peace Campaign was launched as a movement linked with the Stalinist forces and endowed with equal or greater importance than other associated movements, such as Trades Unions, youth movements, the Women's Groups, et". In August 191+8, the World Congress of Intellectuals at Breslau decided to call a World Peace Congress in April 19A9. This Congress launched the World Movement of Partisans for Peace which at present includes: (a) the World Peace Council, whose President is Mr. -Joliot-Curio ; (b) the World Organization of Partisans for Pea«e, presided over by Ii». Nenni; and (c) the National Peace Councils, set up in most of the countries in which a Stalinist organization exis t s « The activities of the Peace Movement have included the campaign for the Stockholm appeal«, and, more recently, the drive for a Five Power Pact, The Stalinists claim that more than 600 million people have given their written support to the two campaigns. Again, according to the same Stalinist sources, 55 million of these supporters were recruited in non- Stalinist countries. The Peace Fiovement can also count among its achievements the two World Congresses of Partisans for Peace - the first in Paris in April 19A9 and the second in Warsaw in November 1950 and.a large number of smaller meetings. IT. AN AGGRESSIVE CAMPAIGN DECLASSIFIED - PUBLIC DISCLOSURE / DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MISE EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MISE / DÉCLASSIFIÉ DISCLOSURE - PUBLIC DECLASSIFIED The Stalinists have for a long time been careful to draw a distinction between Peace and Pacifism. They Inave made it very clear that peace car. only be achieved at the price of intensive effort, and have never said that the struggle for peace could bo waged entirely without armed conflict. Only the "naïve" (genuinely or apparently) have taken the word "pcaco" literally. -2- NATO SECRET AC/2U-D/16 "The victory of Socialism in one country does not at one stroke eliminate all war in general. On the contrary- it presupposes such wars ... in such cases a war on our part would be a legitimate and just war. It would be a war for Socialism, for the liberation of other nations from the Bourgeoisie. Engels was perfectly right when, in his letter to Kautsky, September 12th 1882, he openly admitted that it was possible for already victorious Socialism to wage 'defensive wars'". ("The Essentials of Lenin", Vol. I, •p. 727) As early as 19^+5 > the Stalinist historian Tarle was writing: "There have been cases in which predatory aims and the selfish exploitation of the idea of disarmament and the desire for peace have been concealed beneath the cloak of fine prin- ciples. Y/ithin living memory, the concept of disarmament has been one of the best diplomatic disguises for the true motives and intentions of those governments which have from time to time suddenly been possessed with the'Love of Peace'." On 30th July 1952, an article in the Hungarian Stalinist newspaper "Seabad Nop" included the following passage: "Pacifists have as much chance of safeguarding peace as the ostrich with its head in the sand of escaping danger; the aim of the Pacifists is to deprive us of our weapons; Pacifism and the struggle against war are irreconcilable." The Czech Stalinist leader, Mr. Cepicka, stated ("Rude Pravo", IOth September): "The peace front neither has, nor can have, anything in common with those organisations which glorify peace, or are composed of people who refuse to fight." III. THE PEOPLES' CONGRESS What distinguishes the 1952 peace campaign from those of previous years is the appeal to pacifists and neutralists of all possible shades. The World Peace Council, meeting in Oslo in March 1952, decided to expand the peace campaign, with a view to raking in all- those who, for any reason whatsoever, were in favour, or thought they were in favour, of maintaining peace. A DECLASSIFIED - PUBLIC DISCLOSURE / DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MISE EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MISE / DÉCLASSIFIÉ DISCLOSURE - PUBLIC DECLASSIFIED meeting was held in Berlin in early July; it v/as attended by a few persons of consequence who, though not Stalinists, were openly and strongly anti-American. At this meeting it v/as decided to call a Peonies' Peace Congress in place of the scheduled 3rd World Congress of Partisans for Peace« Originally to be held in Vienna on 5th December, the Congress was postponed until 12th December, The Delegates to the Berlin meeting also decided that there should be a certain number of preparatory manifestations prior to the opening of the Peoples' Congress. NATO SECRET AC/2k-D/lb"" Despite the lack of precise information, it would seem that the Vienna Peoples' Congress (v/hich is to be attended by about 2,000 persons) is being organised by the WPTu". (World Federation of Trade Unions). IV. APPEAL TO PACIFISTS AND NEUTRALISTS Both in Oslo and in Berlin, the organisers particularly stressed what they called the non-political nature of the Peoples' Congress. Early in October the Stalinist Press published the correspondence between Mr. Giuseppe Nitti and Mr. Joliot-Curie, for the benefit of non-Stalinists. Mr, Nitti, who had already attended the Berlin meeting as an observer in July, wrote among other things: "We convened an assembly in Rome of leading parliamen- tarians s members of other pacifist and neutralist movements, ex-servicemen, federalists", etc., to discuss our possible participation in the Vienna Congress ... it was there decided"to stipulate that we would only take part on the following conditions: 1) all delegates shall be entitled to speak; 2) no member of the Congress shall be bound by resolutions for which he has not voted; 3) no names of observers or guests shall be published without the consent of the person concerned; k) any member of the Congress may arrange private, national or international meetings on his own initiative; 5) complete translations of all papers shall be guaranteed; 6) any member of the Congress shall be entitled to give statements to the press of any country." In his reply, Mr. Joliot-Curie affirmed among other things: "You may assure your friends that all the requests v/hich I have received from you on their behalf will be met". The Peoples' Peace Congress will be open to all who - DECLASSIFIED - PUBLIC DISCLOSURE / DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MISE EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MISE / DÉCLASSIFIÉ DISCLOSURE - PUBLIC DECLASSIFIED regardless of ideology or way of life - believe that peaceful co-existence is possible, and that there is no disagreement between nations v/hich cannot be settled by negotiation." The Partisans of Peace have stated through Mr. Nenni that "It soems desirable not to bind the coming Vienna Congress closely to the 'Partisans for Peace' Congresses, but instead, by giving this one a broader scope to bring about the partici- pation in it of those wider forces which do not agree with the attitudes of the Peace Partisans". -U- NATO SECHST AC/24-D/16 In his speech, ?£r. Nenni directly appealed to Mr. 3evan to support the forthcoming Congress of the Peoples for Peace, saying "It is up to him whether he finds a way to us or not, hut we can say to him, "Mr. Bevan, we are of your opinion". In this speech and in later articles in Pravda, it was made clear that the appeal is made in the widest possible terms to all neutralist, pacifist, "third \ force" or other political groups as well as to religious groups susceptible to peace propaganda. V. THE AIM An inspection of che statements made . in Oslo and Berlin and at the meeting's which have already taken place in preparation for the Peoples' Congress, will suffice to show that the Stalinists' chief aim is to concentrate, under their direct or indirect control, the largest possible number of groups, prominent individuals, tendencies, movements and organisations opposed to the United States. Hitherto, judging by those who have accepted invitations and by the organisations which, (according to information from Stalinist sources) have decided to send delegates to Vienna, it is clear that they have had no more than very mediocre success both in the English-speaking countries and in Prance. Elsewhere (in Germany, Italy and in the Eastern countries for example), a certain number of persons and groups have apparently been tempted by the Stalinists' invitation, but very few have decided to take part in the Peoples' Congress. Unless there are any unforeseen changes, the Vienna Peoples' Congress is likely to create an even greater gap between the Stalinist bloc and the free world. It may accentuate the anti-Americanism of those who are subjected to Stalinist propaganda, but it is unlikely to have any noticeable effect on the situation, so far as the free world is concerned.
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