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Conspiracy of Peace: the Cold War, the International Peace Movement, and the Soviet Peace Campaign, 1946-1956
The London School of Economics and Political Science Conspiracy of Peace: The Cold War, the International Peace Movement, and the Soviet Peace Campaign, 1946-1956 Vladimir Dobrenko A thesis submitted to the Department of International History of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, October 2015 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 90,957 words. Statement of conjoint work I can confirm that my thesis was copy edited for conventions of language, spelling and grammar by John Clifton of www.proofreading247.co.uk/ I have followed the Chicago Manual of Style, 16th edition, for referencing. 2 Abstract This thesis deals with the Soviet Union’s Peace Campaign during the first decade of the Cold War as it sought to establish the Iron Curtain. The thesis focuses on the primary institutions engaged in the Peace Campaign: the World Peace Council and the Soviet Peace Committee. -
Robert A. Karl [email protected] Dickinson Hall 609-258-7249 Princeton University Princeton, NJ 08544
Robert A. Karl [email protected] Dickinson Hall 609-258-7249 Princeton University http://rakarl.com Princeton, NJ 08544 Teaching Princeton University, Department of History Assistant Professor 2010-present Instructor Fall 2009 Dartmouth College, Department of History Visiting Instructor Spring 2007 Publications Book Forgotten Peace: Reform, Violence, and the Making of Contemporary Colombia. Violence in Latin American History series, University of California Press (2017). • Spanish translation, Librería Lerner (forthcoming, 2018). • Reviewed by Choice (Highly Recommended), El Tiempo, NACLA Report on the Americas, ReVista: Harvard Review of Latin America. • Selected as preread for The Nation Travels’ 2017 Colombia tour. Articles “Century of the Exile: Colombia’s Displacement and Land Restitution in Historical Perspective, 1940s–1960s.” Canadian Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies / Revue canadienne des études latino-américaines et caraïbes 42, no. 3: Land, Justice, and Memory: Challenges for Peace in Colombia (November 2017): 298–319. “Reading the Cuban Revolution from Bogotá, 1957–62,” Cold War History 16, no. 4 (November 2016): 337–358. • Reviewed by H-Diplo. Forthcoming “From ‘Showcase’ to ‘Failure’: Democracy and the Colombian Developmental State in the 1960s,” in State and Nation Making in Latin America and Spain: Rise & Fall of the Developmental State, ed. Miguel A. Centeno and Agustin E. Ferraro. Cambridge University Press (forthcoming, 2018). In Progress “The Politics of Colombian Development in Latin America’s Long 1950s.” State of Impunity: Injustice and Legal Exception in Modern Colombia. Education Harvard University Ph.D., History 2009 Robert A. Karl 2 Dissertation: “State Formation, Violence, and Cold War in Colombia, 1957-1966” Committee: John Womack, Jr. -
6866 Intro Ug
© Copyright, Princeton University Press. No part of this book may be distributed, posted, or reproduced in any form by digital or mechanical means without prior written permission of the publisher. INTRODUCTION What Remains of Our Loves? That Poor Socrates had only a prohibitive Demon; mine is a great approver, mine is a Demon of action, or Demon of combat. —Baudelaire, “Assommons les pauvres!” [“Let’s Beat Up the Poor!”] To parody a famous expression, “The French have no head for theory.” At least not until the upsurge of the sixties and seventies. Liter- ary theory then had its hour of glory, as if the faith of the convert had suddenly allowed it to catch up with nearly a century of foot-dragging in a split second. French literary studies were unfamiliar with Russian for- malism, the Prague circle, and Anglo-American New Criticism, to say nothing of the stylistics of Leo Spitzer, the topology of Ernst Robert Curtius, the antipositivism of Benedetto Croce, Gianfranco Contini’s crit- icism of variants, the Geneva school and the critique of consciousness, or even with the deliberate antitheory of F. R. Leavis and his Cambridge disciples. Weighed in the balance against all these original and influential movements that occupied the first half of the twentieth century in Europe and North America, the French had only Valéry’s “Poétique” [poetics]—the title of the chair he occupied at the Collège de France (1936) and an ephemeral discipline whose progress was soon interrupted by the war, and then by Valéry’s death—and perhaps the ever-enigmatic Fleurs de Tarbes by Jean Paulhan (1941). -
1982 Moscow Independent Peace Group
Digital Archive digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org International History Declassified 1982 Moscow Independent Peace Group Citation: “Moscow Independent Peace Group,” 1982, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, Jean Stead and Danielle Grunberg, END Special Report, European Nuclear Disarmament and the Merlin Press, 1982. Contributed to NPIHP by Matthew Evangelista. Reproduced with the permission of the Merlin Press, www.merlinpress.co.uk http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/113734 Summary: Pamphlet from European Nuclear Disarmament with two first-hand accounts of a Scandinavian women’s peace march through Moscow that visited with an independent Soviet peace group. Includes details on the process and END’s internal debate on how to interact with the emerging movement, along with publications of the peace group itself, Western journalistic sources, official documents, and photographs. Original Language: English Contents: Scan of Original Document ©Jean Stead, Gabrielle Grunberg, 1982 The excerpts from New York Times, The New Yorker and The Guardian reproduced by kind permission. Distributed by The Merlin Press, 3 Manchester Road , London E 14 and END, 227 Seven Sisters Road, London N4. Joint Merlin/END publication. First published November 1982 Printed by Black Rose and set by H. Hems MoicOw's Police ArTeSt FoWlder ofPeace Group ! MOSCOW, I -The arrested a founderAug. (AP) of theUnion's Soviet PQltce cmJy puup today and putindependent him in a peace his wW. fellowpsychiatric l"OUI> mm11enlapital acainst �Mid � �,W- old artistSerae1 who spent timeIn a Batomn, ric 5e'YeD yearspsychiat ago, wula.ken from.baspltaJ the apanment of YuriMedved bv, a fellow group member, after DOOl1 . COUeagues said theshortly police •ccmed bilD of 8el'Y• . -
A3299-B8-1-2-001-Jpeg.Pdf
G> ) vl Recording made by Hilda Bernstein, 1j5th March 1973, on her recollections of the South African Peace Movement. I think there were two very important reasons why we started a Peace Movement - at least I was involved with these two reasons The first was a desire to do something about the menacing world situation since the dropping of the nuclear bombs in Japan, to outlaw nuclear weapons and to save the potential world from this terriDleXdisaster it was facing; and the second was the desire to link up any activities on this front in South Africa with some sort of international movement, particularly in South Africa because one is so terribly isolated there from world affairs. This was in the early 1950's, a kind of post-war activity which grew up: people who took an active part in politics in South Africa also of course followed what was happening overseas, inter national affairs as we called it, but a lot of South Africans are very much absorbed with their own problems which are real and near, and everything else seems so far away and nobody cares a damn about it. We felt a necessity to establish this international link. Now during the whole time of its existence the official peace movement in South Africa wasn't officially connected with the World Peace Council, but this was for safety reasons as far as the South African Government was concerned. But unofficially we kept our links with them, and wherever we could we sent people to conferences that were held. -
Understanding Criticism: an Institutional Ecology of Usamerican Literary Criticism
Understanding Criticism: An Institutional Ecology of USAmerican Literary Criticism By Andrew Joseph Hines Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Vanderbilt University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in English August, 2015 Nashville, Tennessee Approved: Michael Kreyling, Ph.D. Houston A. Baker Jr., Ph.D. Dana D. Nelson, Ph.D. Jonathan Flatley, Ph.D. Copyright © 2015 by Andrew Hines All Rights Reserved ii For Keegan iii Acknowledgments Institutions and pedagogical actions play a pivotal, but often forgotten role in the development of literary criticism and theory. In some sense, the goal of this dissertation is to account for both the effects of and development of this gap in disciplinary history and in the process of doing literary criticism. Yet, if there is any genre of academic writing that is a consistent exception to this rule, it is the acknowledgments: a place where a critic tracks her encounters with institutional life and the unforgettable, invaluable actions of mentors, colleagues, and friends. Such entries are always woefully partial. Still acknowledgments remain the thing that many compose as they walk to and from campus. To imagine the ways we can give thanks to those who made the work possible is to imagine the completion of the work. Without this act of gratitude, the work could not be. I began this project as an undergraduate in the Department of English at the University of Pennsylvania. Herman Beavers introduced me to the Southern Agrarians and encouraged me to pursue how that group’s ideas impacted their literature and the literary criticism they would come to develop. -
British Columbia Peace Council
British Columbia Peace Council, 1949 - 199 4 An inventory of their fond s in the Library of the University of British Columbia Special Collections and University Archives divisio n prepared by: Terri Thompson typed by: Therese Chouinard December 1994 ii Table of Contents Historical information iii Scope/contents Inventory OFFICE FILES, 1960's - 1980's 1 LOG BOOKS 6 OFFICE FILES, 1980 - 6 MINUTES 13 EPHEMERA 13 POSTERS 14 111 Historical information The British Columbia Peace Council, established in 1949, was affiliated with the Canadia n Peace Congress and through the Congress had strong ties to the World Peace Council . Their mandate was to actively support the movement for universal peace and security . B.C. Peace council activities included letter writing campaingns, public awareness rallies , delegations to Victoria and the presentation of briefs to the Legislative Assembly of B .C. Owing to the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, its activitie s decreased and the Council was disbanded in 1994 . Scope/contents The fonds consists of office files, log books, minutes, posters, and buttons deposited from their office. The office files consisted mainly of correspondence and printed material an d are divided into two groups : files from 1960 to ca. 1980 and files from ca. 1980 to 1994. The files are arranged in alphabetical order according to subject headins . Some of the correspondence include the Canadian Prece Congress, World Peace Council, and the Pacific National Exhibition. The original order was kept even though some headings have bee n repeated by the organization (e.g . -
Zusas Occasional Papers
ZUSAS OCCASIONAL PAPERS Herausgegeben vom Zentrum für USA-Studien der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg Heft 5 WERNER SOLLORS “Making America”: On A New Literary History of America Halle (Saale): Zentrum für USA-Studien, 2011 Bibliographische Informationen der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliographie; detaillierte bibliographische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. ZUSAS Occasional Papers ISSN 1867-2191 Sollors, Werner. “Making America”: On A New Literary History of America. Layout: Carsten Hummel © 2011 Zentrum für USA-Studien der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg 06099 Halle (Saale) Germany http://www.zusas.uni-halle.de Druck: Reprocenter GmbH Halle (Saale) 5 “Making America”: On A New Literary History of America 1 The number of people who have read a single literary history from cover to cover may be smaller than the number of literary histories that have been published. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, such histories became popular, providing information about the lives, works, reception, and influ- ence of single authors, facts that were strung together chronologically in the form of long narratives that employed a limited number of available story lines, such as growth or decline, a golden age, a transitional period or a renaissance, lonely figures and literary movements, avant-garde and epigonal works, major and emergent voices, or currents and eddies coming together to form a main stream. Such reference works have been less often read than consulted by students who wanted to catch a quick glimpse of authors, works, movements, or periods in their historical contexts. -
European Peace Movements During the Cold War and Their Elective Affinities
This is a repository copy of A quantum of solace? European peace movements during the Cold War and their elective affinities. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/74457/ Article: Ziemann, Benjamin (2009) A quantum of solace? European peace movements during the Cold War and their elective affinities. Archiv für Sozialgeschichte , 49. pp. 351-389. ISSN 0066-6505 Reuse Unless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version - refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher’s website. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Archiv für Sozialgeschichte 49, 2009 351 Benjamin Ziemann A Quantum of Solace? European Peace Movements during the Cold War and their Elective Affinities Peace movements can be defined as social movements that aim to protest against the per- ceived dangers of political decision-making about armaments.1 During the Cold War, the foremost aim of peace protests was to ban atomic weapons and to alert the public about the dangers of these new powerful means of destruction. -
Pugwash Literature Review Paul Rubinson April 2019
Pugwash Literature Review Paul Rubinson April 2019 During the 1990s, historians began to study the reasons for the Cold War’s abrupt end. While scholarship at first emphasized the role of traditional, powerful political actors such as Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev, more and more historians began to study the influence of non-state actors, including social activists and nongovernment organizations (NGOs), on Cold War foreign relations and their contributions to the conflict’s end. When the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs, along with co-founder Joseph Rotblat, were awarded the 1995 Nobel Peace Prize, scholars began to pay closer attention to the historical role of these particular scientific activists. Founded in 1957, the Pugwash conferences brought together notable scientists from both sides of the Iron Curtain to discuss nuclear disarmament in an informal but serious setting. The hope was that these elite scientists would be able to sway their respective governments into pursuing arms control measures. As one of its original participants explained, the ideal Pugwash conference consisted of politically influential scientists “free from governmental ties” as well as “opinion-makers…who are concerned with policy making on a governmental or semi-governmental level. Any major thoughts that were developed at such a meeting could then filter through the observers to the general public and to the governments involved.”1 Over time Pugwash expanded to include a wider array of scientists and social scientists and broadened its scope to include chemical and biological weapons, third world development, and other issues. On an international level, Pugwash was led by a General Secretary and Continuing Committee based in London. -
1982 Beyond the Cold War
Digital Archive digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org International History Declassified 1982 Beyond the Cold War Citation: “Beyond the Cold War,” 1982, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, E.P. Thompson, European Nuclear Disarmament and the Merlin Press, 1982. Contributed to NPIHP by Matthew Evangelista. Reproduced with the permission of Ben Thompson, Kate Thompson, and the Merlin Press, www.merlinpress.co.uk http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/113717 Summary: Lecture by EP Thompson before the Worcester City Guildhall seeking to define the Cold War in a contemporary context. Thompson argues that the standard dichotomous definitions of the past have become improper and the Cold War is now best defined as a developed habit supported by the material interests of each side, most importantly military and political actors. He describes the Cold War as a method for leaders to easily access the ideological regulation and social discipline needed to ensure their positions. Therefore, Thompson argues, since these leaders have a direct interest in its continuance, people, and not states, must bring about any significant change in the Cold War. Original Language: English Contents: Scan of Original Document BEYOND THE COLD WAR by E P Thompson MERLIN PRESS jointly with END London Available from Merlin Press, 3 Manchester Road, London EJ4. © 1982 E P Thompson First published jointly by European Nuclear Disarmament 227 Seven Sisters Road. London N4 and The Merlin Press Ltd 3 Manchester Road, London E 14 2nd impression January 1982 3rd impression March 1982 and printed by Black Rose, 27 Clerkenwell Close LondonECl typesetting: H Hems The Malt House, Chilmark, Wilts. -
Nonviolent Methods and Effects of the World Nuclear Disarmament Movement - Lawrence S
NONVIOLENT ALTERNATIVES FOR SOCIAL CHANGE – Nonviolent Methods and Effects of the World Nuclear Disarmament Movement - Lawrence S. Wittner NONVIOLENT METHODS AND EFFECTS OF THE WORLD NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT MOVEMENT Lawrence S. Wittner Department of History, State University of New York/Albany, USA Keywords: Albert Einstein, antinuclear, Bertrand Russell, Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, Dwight Eisenhower, E.P. Thompson, Euromissile, European Nuclear Disarmament, INF Treaty, International Peace Bureau, Leo Szilard, Mikhail Gorbachev, neutron bomb, Norman Cousins, nuclear disarmament movement, peace activism, Ronald Reagan, SANE, test ban treaty, unilateral. Contents 1. The Movement and Its Impact, 1913-1945 2. The Rise and Fall of a Mass Movement, 1945-1953 3. The Movement’s Impact, 1945-1953 4. The Movement Resurrected, 1954-1970 5. Impact of the Movement, 1954-1970 6. The Movement Begins to Revive Again, 1971-1980 7. Impact of the Movement, 1971-1980 8. The Movement at Flood Tide, 1981-1989 9. Retreat from Armageddon, 1981-1996 10. Declining Movement, Reviving Arms Race, 1993-Present 11. Conclusion Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary Opposition to nuclear weapons began with efforts by scientists to prevent their use in World War II. After the atomic bombing of Hiroshima revealed the existence of nuclear weapons to the general public, a broad nonviolent citizens’ campaign developed to foster nuclear disarmament. Although this movement faded by 1950, it had some impact on governments, particularly the American, which accepted civilian control of atomic energyUNESCO and made the first serious official – nuclear EOLSS disarmament proposals. In response to the development of hydrogen bombs, another surge of nuclear disarmament activism began in the mid-1950s and crested in the late 1950s and early 1960s.