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Frank Zelko Research Fellow, GHI
“MAKE IT A GREEN PEACE”: THE HISTORY OF AN INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL ORGANIZATION Frank Zelko Research Fellow, GHI In the early 1970s, the United States Congress’s House Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation held a series of hearings on the sub- ject of marine mammal protection. Among those who testified were rep- resentatives of America’s oldest and most established wilderness protec- tion groups, such as the Sierra Club, the Audubon Society, and the National Wildlife Federation. Although it was important to ensure that the world’s populations of whales and seals remained as healthy as pos- sible, these organizations argued, they did not support a policy of abso- lute protection. As long as the survival of the species was ensured, they believed, it was legitimate to use its “surplus” members for the benefit of people. In his testimony before the subcommittee, Thomas Kimball of the National Wildlife Federation employed phrases such as “renewable re- sources,” “stewardship,” and “professional wildlife management.” The “harvesting of surplus wildlife populations,” his organization felt, wasan “important management tool if the continuing long-range well-being of an animal population is the ultimate objective.”1 A few years later, a group of environmental protesters off the coast of California came across a fleet of Soviet whaling boats. Using motorized inflatable dinghies, the activists positioned themselves between a whal- er’s harpoon and a fleeing pod of sperm whales, acting as human shields to protect the defenseless giants. Whaling, these activists insisted, was not merely an issue of wildlife preservation or resource stewardship. Rather, it was an unconscionable act of violence perpetrated against a species whose intelligence and sensitivity put them in the same biological cat- egory as human beings. -
The Nuclear Freeze Campaign and the Role of Organizers
Week Three Reading Guide: The Nuclear Freeze campaign and the role of organizers The reading by Redekop has been replaced by a book review by Randall Forsberg, and the long rough- cut video interview of Forsberg has been replaced by a shorter, more focused one. We start the first day with a brief discussion of Gusterson’s second article, building on the previous long discussion of the first one. September 23, 2019 Gusterson, H. 1999, “Feminist Militarism,” PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review 22.2, 17; https://doi.org/10.1525/pol.1999.22.2.17 This article focuses on the feminist themes Gusterson touched on in his earlier one. He begins restating the essentialist position and its opposition by feminists via “social constructedness.” Second-wave feminism started with Simone de Beauvoir’s idea that gender is constructed (“One is not born, but rather becomes, a woman”) and extending to post-structuralist Judith Butler, for whom gender is a performance, potentially fluid, learned and practiced daily based on cultural norms and discourses. Gusterson is intrigued by the idea of feminist militarism as performance. “If we weren’t feminists when we went in [to the military], we were when we came out.” What was meant by this? How does the military culture described in the article reflect gender essentialism? On p. 22, Gusterson argues that the women’s movement and the peace movement “remake their mythic narratives… through the tropes of revitalization.” What does he mean by this? Do you agree or disagree? Why? Is feminist militarism feminist? Does your answer depend on whether you adopt essentialist or constructivist reasoning? Wittner, L. -
Conspiracy of Peace: the Cold War, the International Peace Movement, and the Soviet Peace Campaign, 1946-1956
The London School of Economics and Political Science Conspiracy of Peace: The Cold War, the International Peace Movement, and the Soviet Peace Campaign, 1946-1956 Vladimir Dobrenko A thesis submitted to the Department of International History of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, October 2015 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 90,957 words. Statement of conjoint work I can confirm that my thesis was copy edited for conventions of language, spelling and grammar by John Clifton of www.proofreading247.co.uk/ I have followed the Chicago Manual of Style, 16th edition, for referencing. 2 Abstract This thesis deals with the Soviet Union’s Peace Campaign during the first decade of the Cold War as it sought to establish the Iron Curtain. The thesis focuses on the primary institutions engaged in the Peace Campaign: the World Peace Council and the Soviet Peace Committee. -
Robert A. Karl [email protected] Dickinson Hall 609-258-7249 Princeton University Princeton, NJ 08544
Robert A. Karl [email protected] Dickinson Hall 609-258-7249 Princeton University http://rakarl.com Princeton, NJ 08544 Teaching Princeton University, Department of History Assistant Professor 2010-present Instructor Fall 2009 Dartmouth College, Department of History Visiting Instructor Spring 2007 Publications Book Forgotten Peace: Reform, Violence, and the Making of Contemporary Colombia. Violence in Latin American History series, University of California Press (2017). • Spanish translation, Librería Lerner (forthcoming, 2018). • Reviewed by Choice (Highly Recommended), El Tiempo, NACLA Report on the Americas, ReVista: Harvard Review of Latin America. • Selected as preread for The Nation Travels’ 2017 Colombia tour. Articles “Century of the Exile: Colombia’s Displacement and Land Restitution in Historical Perspective, 1940s–1960s.” Canadian Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies / Revue canadienne des études latino-américaines et caraïbes 42, no. 3: Land, Justice, and Memory: Challenges for Peace in Colombia (November 2017): 298–319. “Reading the Cuban Revolution from Bogotá, 1957–62,” Cold War History 16, no. 4 (November 2016): 337–358. • Reviewed by H-Diplo. Forthcoming “From ‘Showcase’ to ‘Failure’: Democracy and the Colombian Developmental State in the 1960s,” in State and Nation Making in Latin America and Spain: Rise & Fall of the Developmental State, ed. Miguel A. Centeno and Agustin E. Ferraro. Cambridge University Press (forthcoming, 2018). In Progress “The Politics of Colombian Development in Latin America’s Long 1950s.” State of Impunity: Injustice and Legal Exception in Modern Colombia. Education Harvard University Ph.D., History 2009 Robert A. Karl 2 Dissertation: “State Formation, Violence, and Cold War in Colombia, 1957-1966” Committee: John Womack, Jr. -
Confessions of a Greenpeace Dropout: the Making of a Sensible Environmentalist
An Excerpt from Confessions of a Greenpeace Dropout: The Making of a Sensible Environmentalist ou could call me a Greenpeace dropout, but that is not an entirely accurate Ydescription of how or why I left the organization 15 years after I helped create it. I’d like to think Greenpeace left me, rather than the other way around, by but that too is not entirely correct. Patrick The truth is Greenpeace and I underwent divergent evolutions. I became Moore a sensible environmentalist; Greenpeace became increasingly senseless as it adopted an agenda that is antiscience, antibusiness, and downright antihuman. This is the story of our transformations. The last half of the 20th century was marked by a revulsion for war and a new awareness of the environment. Beatniks, hippies, eco-freaks, and greens in their turn fashioned a new philosophy that embraced peace and ecology as the overarching principles of a civilized world. Spurred by more than 30 years of ever-present fear that global nuclear holocaust would wipe out humanity and much of the living world, we led a new war—a war to save the earth. I’ve had the good fortune to be a general in that war. My boot camp had no screaming sergeant or rifle drills. Still, the sense of duty and purpose of mission we had at the beginning was as acute as any assault on a common enemy. We campaigned against the bomb-makers, whale-killers, polluters, and anyone else who threatened civilization or the environment. In the process we won the hearts and minds of people around the world. -
1982 Moscow Independent Peace Group
Digital Archive digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org International History Declassified 1982 Moscow Independent Peace Group Citation: “Moscow Independent Peace Group,” 1982, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, Jean Stead and Danielle Grunberg, END Special Report, European Nuclear Disarmament and the Merlin Press, 1982. Contributed to NPIHP by Matthew Evangelista. Reproduced with the permission of the Merlin Press, www.merlinpress.co.uk http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/113734 Summary: Pamphlet from European Nuclear Disarmament with two first-hand accounts of a Scandinavian women’s peace march through Moscow that visited with an independent Soviet peace group. Includes details on the process and END’s internal debate on how to interact with the emerging movement, along with publications of the peace group itself, Western journalistic sources, official documents, and photographs. Original Language: English Contents: Scan of Original Document ©Jean Stead, Gabrielle Grunberg, 1982 The excerpts from New York Times, The New Yorker and The Guardian reproduced by kind permission. Distributed by The Merlin Press, 3 Manchester Road , London E 14 and END, 227 Seven Sisters Road, London N4. Joint Merlin/END publication. First published November 1982 Printed by Black Rose and set by H. Hems MoicOw's Police ArTeSt FoWlder ofPeace Group ! MOSCOW, I -The arrested a founderAug. (AP) of theUnion's Soviet PQltce cmJy puup today and putindependent him in a peace his wW. fellowpsychiatric l"OUI> mm11enlapital acainst �Mid � �,W- old artistSerae1 who spent timeIn a Batomn, ric 5e'YeD yearspsychiat ago, wula.ken from.baspltaJ the apanment of YuriMedved bv, a fellow group member, after DOOl1 . COUeagues said theshortly police •ccmed bilD of 8el'Y• . -
Council on Religion and International Affairs
COUNCIL ON RELIGION AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS Contents List Catalogued Correspondence (No series or box numbers) [14 Boxes] Series I: Individuals' Files Boxes Ia. Henry A. Atkinson l) Early files, 1923-1944 (A-Z) 1 - 35 2) Early files-Supplementary, 1923-1946 Organizational Correspondence (A-Z) 36 - 42 International Correspondence (A-Z) 43 - 44 Speeches and Articles 45 - 47 3) General Files, 1939-1953 (A-Z) 48 - 63 4) Scrapbook materials, ca. 1940-1959; Notes by the Way, a journal of an Eastern trip, 1928-1929 64 Ib. Linley V. Gordon Files, 1926-1931 65 - 69 Files, 1932-1940 70 - 73 Newsletter Writings, 1929-1935 (one volume) 73 Ic. Harry N. Holmes Files, 1924-1940 (A-Z) 74 - 78 Files, 1926-1948 (A-Z) 79 - 89 World Alliance for International Friendship Through the Churches - Annual Conventions, 1923-1942 90 - 94 Miscellaneous (A-Z) 95 - 96 Id. Richard M. Fagley Files, 1938-1945 (A-Z) 97 - 104 Files-Supplementary, 1944 (A-Z) 105 - 106 Ie. John R. Inman & G. S. Barker (Assistant Secretaries)* Files, 1922-1955 (A-Z) 107 - 114 Organizational Files (Inman), ca. 1951-1972: United Nations Association-U.S.A., Non-Governmental Organizations-U.N., United Nations, Shawnee, Conference Group, Hospitality Information Service, Miscellaneous, and Banks. 115- 124 Literature and Speech files (Inman) 125 *see also 1982 addition If. C. H. Voss Files, 1941-1948 (A-Z) 126 - 127 Files-Supplementary, 1942-1948 (A-Z) 128 - 131 Miscellaneous (A-J [No K-Z]) 132 - 134 Ig. A. William Loos 1) General Files, 1946-1950 (A-Z) 135 - 144 1 General Files, 1950-1951 (A-Z) 145 - 146 General Files, 1954-1970 (A-Z) 147 - 163 2) Policy Statements, ca. -
Greenpeace, Earth First! and the Earth Liberation Front: the Rp Ogression of the Radical Environmental Movement in America" (2008)
University of Rhode Island DigitalCommons@URI Senior Honors Projects Honors Program at the University of Rhode Island 2008 Greenpeace, Earth First! and The aE rth Liberation Front: The rP ogression of the Radical Environmental Movement in America Christopher J. Covill University of Rhode Island, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/srhonorsprog Part of the Environmental Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Covill, Christopher J., "Greenpeace, Earth First! and The Earth Liberation Front: The rP ogression of the Radical Environmental Movement in America" (2008). Senior Honors Projects. Paper 93. http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/srhonorsprog/93http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/srhonorsprog/93 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors Program at the University of Rhode Island at DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Honors Projects by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@URI. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Greenpeace, Earth First! and The Earth Liberation Front: The Progression of the Radical Environmental Movement in America Christopher John Covill Faculty Sponsor: Professor Timothy Hennessey, Political Science Causes of worldwide environmental destruction created a form of activism, Ecotage with an incredible success rate. Ecotage uses direct action, or monkey wrenching, to prevent environmental destruction. Mainstream conservation efforts were viewed by many environmentalists as having failed from compromise inspiring the birth of radicalized groups. This eventually transformed conservationists into radicals. Green Peace inspired radical environmentalism by civil disobedience, media campaigns and direct action tactics, but remained mainstream. Earth First’s! philosophy is based on a no compromise approach. -
Peace Initiatives in Colombia
UNITED STATES InsTITUTE OF PEACE www.usip.org SPECIAL REPORT 1200 17th Street NW • Washington, DC 20036 • 202.457.1700 • fax 202.429.6063 ABOUT THE REPORT Nearly half-a-century old, the Colombian conflict has spawned a Virginia M. Bouvier long tradition of peace initiatives that offer innovative alternatives to violence. Peace Initiatives in Colombia, a conference sponsored by the United States Institute of Peace and the Latin American Studies Program at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, November 19–20, 2005, analyzed these initiatives from various perspectives and Harbingers of Hope identified the variables and strategies relevant to their success. The conference brought together contributors to a book on Colombian peace initiatives being edited by Virginia M. Bouvier, a Latin American Peace Initiatives in Colombia specialist and senior program officer of the Jennings Randolph Program at the U.S. Institute of Peace. Conference speakers included some twenty individuals from a broad range of academic fields, as well as human rights and development specialists, photographers, Summary and political and military analysts from Colombia, the United States, and Europe. A list of conference participants, about half of whom are • With the reelection of incumbent President Alvaro Uribe on May 28, 2006, a “ripe current or former USIP grantees or peace scholars, is at the end of moment” may be emerging for resolving Colombia’s long-standing armed conflict. this report. After exerting pressure on the guerrillas and demobilizing the largest paramilitary The conference was organized by Dr. Bouvier and Dr. Mary Roldán. organization during his first term, President Uribe is well positioned to pursue a Additional sponsors included Cornell’s Africana Studies and Research political solution to the conflict. -
The International Peace Movement 1815-1914: an Outline
The international peace movement 1815-1914: an outline Script of an online lecture given by Guido Grünewald on 9 June 2020* I will try to give an outline of the emergence and development of an international peace movement during its first 100 years. Since English is not my mother tongue and I haven’t spoken it for a longer time I will follow a written guideline in order to finish the job in the short time I have. The first peace organisations emerged in America and in Britain. This was no coincidence; while on the European continent after the end of the Napoleonic Wars restoration took over there were evolving democracies in the anglo-Saxon countries and a kind of peace tradition as for example carried by the quakers who renounced any kind of war. For those early societies the question if a war could be defensive and therefore justified was from the beginning a thorny issue. The New York Peace Sciety founded by merchant David Low Dodge followed a fundamental pacifism rejecting all kind of wars while the Massachussets Peace Society (its founder was unitarian minister Noah Worcester) gathered both fundamental pacifists and those who accepted strictly defensive wars. With about 50 other groups both organisations merged to become the American Peace Society in 1828. The London Peace Society had an interesting top-tier approach: its leadership had to pursue a fundamental pacifist course while ordinary members were allowed to have different ideas about defensive wars. On the European continent some short-lived peace organisations emerged only later. The formation of those first societies occured under the influence of Quakers (one of the 3 historic peace churches which renounced violence) and of Christians who were convinced that war was murderous and incompatible with Christian values. -
Emily Green Balch 1946 “As the World Community Develops in Peace, It Will Open up Great Untapped the Desire for Liberty Has Made Itself Felt
Emily Green Balch 1946 “As the world community develops in peace, it will open up great untapped The desire for liberty has made itself felt. Emily Greene Balch was a co-recipient of the 1946 Nobel Peace Prize, which she shared with fellow American, John R. Mott. Throughout her long life, she remained a believer in the ability of human beings to cooperate and find ways to create lives of justice and peace. Her beliefs were shown by her passion for education, social activism, and international political activity. Emily Balch was born into a wealthy Boston family on January 8, 1867. In her youth, she attended private schools and later was a member of the first graduating class from Bryn Mawr College in 1889. She earned a degree in Greek and Latin. After a year of independent study in sociology, she won a scholarship at the Sorbonne University in Paris so she could study how to eliminate poverty. When she returned to Boston in 1892, she founded Denison House, the city’s first settlement house, based on the example of Jane Addams’ Hull House in Chicago. In 1896, she joined the faculty of Wellesley • Professor of economics and College in Massachusetts, becoming a professor of economics and sociology in 1913. Balch was sociology, political and a teacher and writer, and participated in many social activist, peace activist, social justice movements. She spoke out loudly visionary, author, speaker, for women’s rights, racial equality, improved leader of women’s labor conditions and wages, an end to child movement labor, and fair treatment for immigrants, as well as efforts to promote world peace. -
Unit V 1. India As a Champion of World Peace and Justice A
UNIT V 1. INDIA AS A CHAMPION OF WORLD PEACE AND JUSTICE A peace movement is a social movement that seeks to achieve ideals such as the ending of a particular war (or all wars), minimize inter-human violence in a particular place or type of situation, and is often linked to the goal of achieving world peace. Means to achieve these ends include advocacy of pacifism, non-violent resistance, diplomacy, boycotts, peace camps, moral purchasing, supporting anti-war political candidates, legislation to remove the profit from government contracts to the Military–industrial complex, banning guns, creating open government and transparency tools, direct democracy, supporting Whistleblowers who expose War-Crimes or conspiracies to create wars, demonstrations, and national political lobbying groups to create legislation. The political cooperative is an example of an organization that seeks to merge all peace movement organizations and green organizations, which may have some diverse goals, but all of whom have the common goal of peace and humane sustainability. A concern of some peace activists is the challenge of attaining peace when those that oppose it often use violence as their means of communication and empowerment. Some people refer to the global loose affiliation of activists and political interests as having a shared purpose and this constituting a single movement, "the peace movement", an all encompassing "anti-war movement". Seen this way, the two are often indistinguishable and constitute a loose, responsive, event-driven collaboration between groups with motivations as diverse as humanism, environmentalism, veganism, anti- racism, feminism, decentralization, hospitality, ideology, theology, and faith. There are different ideas over what "peace" is (or should be), which results in a plurality of movements seeking diverse ideals of peace.