Gas Phase Chemical Reaction Systems

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springer.com J. Wolfrum, H.-R. Volpp, R. Rannacher, J. Warnatz (Eds.) Gas Phase Chemical Reaction Systems Experiments and Models 100 Years After Max Bodenstein Proceedings of an International Symposion, held at the “Internationales Wissenschaftsforum Heidelberg”, Heidelberg, Germany, July 25 – 28, 1995 Series: Springer Series in Chemical Physics This volume consists of edited papers presented at the International Symposion Gas Phase Chemical Reaction Systems: Experiments and Models 100 Years After Max Bodenslein, held at the Internationales Wissenschaftsforum Heidelberg (IWH) in Heidelberg during July 25-28, 1995. The intention of this symposion was to bring together leading researchers from the fields of reaction dynamics, kinetics, catalysis and reactive flow model• ling to discuss and review the advances in the understanding of chemical kinetics about 100 years after Max Bodenstein's pioneering work on the "hydrogen iodine reaction", which he carried out at the Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. Chemistry Institute of the University of Heidelberg. The idea to focus in his doctoral thesis [1] 1996, XIII, 343 p. on this reaction was brought up by his supervisor Victor Meyer (successor of Robert Bunsen at the Chemistry Institute of the University of Heidelberg) and originated from the non• Printed book reproducible behaviour found by Bunsen and Roscoe in their early photochemical investigations Softcover of the H2/Cl2 system [2] and by van't Hoff [3], and V. Meyer and co-workers [4] in their 129,99 € | £109.99 | $159.99 experiments on the slow combustion of H2/02 mixtures. [1]139,09 € (D) | 142,99 € (A) | CHF 153,50 eBook 106,99 € | £87.50 | $119.00 [2]106,99 € (D) | 106,99 € (A) | CHF 122,50 Available from your library or springer.com/shop MyCopy [3] Printed eBook for just € | $ 24.99 springer.com/mycopy Error[en_EN | Export.Bookseller. MediumType | SE] Order online at springer.com / or for the Americas call (toll free) 1-800-SPRINGER / or email us at: [email protected]. / For outside the Americas call +49 (0) 6221-345-4301 / or email us at: [email protected]. The first € price and the £ and $ price are net prices, subject to local VAT. Prices indicated with [1] include VAT for books; the €(D) includes 7% for Germany, the €(A) includes 10% for Austria. Prices indicated with [2] include VAT for electronic products; 19% for Germany, 20% for Austria. All prices exclusive of carriage charges. Prices and other details are subject to change without notice. All errors and omissions excepted. [3] No discount for MyCopy. Part of .

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Introduction 1. Arthur G. Green, in Discussion Following Ernest F. Ehrhardt, "Reminiscences of Dr. Caro," Chemistry and Industry 43 (1924): 561-65, on 564
Notes Introduction 1. Arthur G. Green, in discussion following Ernest F. Ehrhardt, "Reminiscences of Dr. Caro," Chemistry and Industry 43 (1924): 561-65, on 564. 2. This is mentioned by Ehrhardt, in "Reminiscences of Dr. Caro," on 561, who is probably referring to a letter from Raphael Meldola published in the London Times on 20 January 1915. Though in 1904 Meldola drew a connection between Caro's departure from England and the decline of the British dye industry, Caro is not mentioned in Meldola's letter to the Times. See also Ehrhardt, "Reminiscences of Dr. Caro," 564-65. 3. For a review of the industrial impact of Haber's ammonia synthesis, see Anthony S. Travis, "High Pressure Industrial Chemistry: The First Steps, 1909-1913, and the Impact," in Determinants in the Evolution of the European Chemical Industry, 1900-1939, eds. Anthony S. Travis, Harm G. SchrOter, Ernst Homburg, and Peter J. T. Morris (Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1998), 1-21. 4. Ehrhardt, "Reminiscences of Dr. Caro," 564. A useful study of Caro is Curt Schuster, "Heinrich Caro," in Ludwigshafener Chemiker, ed. Kurt Oberdorffer (Dusseldorf, 1960), vol. 2, 45-83. See also John J. Beer, Dictionary of Scientific Biography, s.v. Heinrich Caro; and Ernst Darmstaedter, "Heinrich Caro," in Das Buch der grossen Chemiker, ed. Giinther Bugge (Berlin: Chemie Verlag,1929), vol. 2, 298-309. The most informative of the obituaries is August Bernthsen, "Heinrich Caro," Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft 45 (1912): 1987-2042. 5. Green, in discussion following Ehrhardt, "Reminiscences of Dr. Caro," on 564. 6. For the dearth of archival material on the British dye industry before around 1880, see entries in Peter J.
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Anette Marquardt FORMATIERT
Anette Marquardt Bestandskatalog der Autographen- und Büchersammlung Schneider in der Ehemaligen Universitätsbibliothek Helmstedt https://doi.org/10.24355/dbbs.084-201808241206-0 Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorbemerkungen ................................................................................................................... 3 Sammlungsordnung .............................................................................................................. 5 Verzeichnis nicht katalogisierter Bestände ............................................................................ 6 Bücher und Aufzeichnungen ................................................................................................. 8 Personenverzeichnis ............................................................................................................10 Abkürzungen ........................................................................................................................28 Hinweise zur Nutzung ..........................................................................................................29 Autographen-Katalog ...........................................................................................................30 Quellenverzeichnis ............................................................................................................. 430 Seite 2 https://doi.org/10.24355/dbbs.084-201808241206-0 Vorbemerkungen Die „Ehemalige Universitäts-Bibliothek“ Helmstedt (auch Bibliotheca Julica oder Juleum) ist die heute erhaltene Bibliothek
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..f.,5$1______ -~ survey -------) WHO WAS WHO IN KINETICS, REACTION ENGINEERING, AND CATALYSIS CAMI L. JACKSON AND JOSEPH H . HOLLES University of liyoming • Laramie, WY 82071 n the tradition of "Who was Who in Transport Phenom We have tried to include the names that are encountered ena" by Byron Bird in Chemical Engineering Education,CI J frequently in textbooks for both undergraduates and gradu Iwe have developed a similar set of microbiographies for ates (by noted authors such as Levenspiel, Hill, Fogler, and persons in the fields of kinetics, reaction engineering, and Froment and Bischoff). Again, we follow Bird's lead and do catalysis. As noted by Bird, an otherwise typical lecture not include these people simply for authoring books in these can be enlivened by presenting biographical information fields . We do, however, include-where appropriate- famous about the people whose names appear in famous equations, texts written by those scientists and engineers included for dimensionless groups, plots, approximations, and theories . other reasons. We have tried to focus on those persons who The wide variety of applications for this type of information contributed to the science of a field and not just contributed to has been demonstrated by using activity breaks to teach the a specific reaction or system (e.g., Haber and Bosch). While history of our professionl21 and as trading card rewards for contributions to specific reactions or systems are important, academic performance _l31 we elected not to include them in order to limit the scope of With the introduction and widespread acceptance ofWiki the project. Finally, we have tried to include interesting non pedia, basic biographical information on many of the early technical or non-professional information where possible to contributors to the profession of chemical engineering can be show the breadth of these individuals.
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Luise Holzapfel
Please take notice of: (c)Beneke. Don't quote without permission. Luise Holzapfel (14.03.1900 Höxter/Weser - 21.09.1963 Berlin) Dozentin der Chemie, sowie zur Geschichte der „klingenden“ Gele (ringing gels) und der Gelkristallisation (Juni 2005) Klaus Beneke Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Christian-Albrechts-Universität D-24098 Kiel [email protected] 2 Luise Holzapfel (14.03.1900 Höxter/Weser - 21.09.1963 Berlin) Dozentin der Chemie, sowie zur Geschichte der „klingenden“ Gele (ringing gels) und der Gelkristallisation Luise Holzapfel wurde am 14. März 1900 in Höxter an der Weser geboren. Ihr Vater Wilhelm Holzapfel (1859 - 1922) war Geheimer Oberjustizrat, einer der Großväter war Kreisrichter. Ihre Mutter Elsa (geb. Schmidt; geboren 1869) war Hausfrau. Es bedeutete für die Familie, da sie gut begütert war, keine Schwierigkeit der Tochter eine angemessene höhere Mädchenschulbildung zu finanzieren. Luise Holzapfel ging neun Jahre auf das Privatlyzeum Kirstein in Charlot- tenburg, wo sie das Reifezeugnis erhielt. Von 1916 bis 1918 besuchte sie das Groß- herzogliche Viktoriapensionat Karlsruhe in Baden. Luise Holzapfel Von 1918 bis 1919 arbeitete Luise Holzapfel im Kriegspresseamt der Obersten Heeresleitung im Archiv der Abteilung für fremde Presse und begann danach ein Musikstudium das sie 1922 beendete. Danach arbeitete sie bis 1924 in der Legationskasse des Auswärtigen Amtes. Die Jahre 1924 bis 1927 verbrachte Luise Holzapfel zu Hause im Haushalt, die Umstände sind nicht bekannt (CAUER, 1963; VOGT, 1999; VOGT, 2000). In der Zeit von 1928 bis 1934 arbeitete Luise Holzapfel in der Grundstück- und Vermögensverwaltung der Wollank´schen Familienstiftung. In dieser Zeit reifte wohl der der Gedanke Naturwissenschaften zu studieren und dazu besuchte sie nebenher das 3 Abendgymnasium.
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Influences of Physical Chemistry in the German Chemical Industry, 1900- 1950
Physical Chemistry Crossed the Boarder: Influences of Physical Chemistry in the German Chemical Industry, 1900- 1950 Heinrich Kahlert* Before the turn of 20th century the German chemical industry was heavily influ- enced by the knowledge and the modelling approaches of organic chemists.1 Although there were some chemical engineers in the industry, their influence regarding a more quantitative approach in industrial design was limited by the predominance of organic chemists. Originally caused by organic chemical con- straints to enable various chemical reactions to obtain different dyes, the very important “oleum” (sulphuric acid) was produced by the so called “Röst-Process”. One decisive feature to control this process was the knowledge of the catalyst behaviour. At that time, BASF (Caro,2 Knietsch) was the leading company in the field to patent catalyst. These patents strongly influenced the style of physical chemical argumentation and modelling approaches, in contrast to the more com- mon patents in organic chemistry. With the technical introduction of the Haber-Bosch process before World War I (a “Pull-Factor”) and the theoretical understanding of the laws of thermodynamics and the kinetics of heterogeneous systems (a “Push-Factor”), the both parties, industry and academic, were coming together. Certainly also influenced by the multi-discipline genius Wilhelm Ostwald and his “Bridge-Function” (Hapke) capabilities. This congruence was reflected by the increasing number of physical chemical journals3 (Zeitschrift für physikalische Chemie founded 1887, Zeitschrift für Elektrochemie und angewandte physikalische Chemie 1894, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1896 etc), and the increasing number of papers as function of time in relation to organic papers.4 Thus, physical chemistry had crossed the aca- demic boarder.
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SAMUEL COLVILLE LIND June 15, 1879–February 12, 1965
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES S A M U E L C O L V I L L E L IND 1879—1965 A Biographical Memoir by KEIT H J . L AIDLER Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. Biographical Memoir COPYRIGHT 1998 NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS WASHINGTON D.C. Courtesy of the University of Minnesota Laboratory SAMUEL COLVILLE LIND June 15, 1879–February 12, 1965 BY KEITH J. LAIDLER AMUEL COLVILLE LIND was distinguished for his work on Sthe kinetics of chemical reactions of various kinds, es- pecially reactions induced by ionizing radiation. He is still particularly remembered for his early pioneering study, with Max Bodenstein in Leipzig, of the reaction between hydro- gen and bromine. His later research and his books were significant in placing on a firm basis the effects of radiation on the rates of reactions. He had wide experience in gov- ernment laboratories and universities, and through his en- gaging personality exerted a strong influence on others. His interests ranged far outside science, and his memoirs, published posthumously in 1972, shed an interesting his- torical light on the various institutions and people con- nected to him. Lind was held in high regard as a scientist, teacher, and administrator. The esteem and affection of his friends and colleagues are evidence of his generosity and helpfulness. He had a lively sense of humor, and enjoyed jokes on him- self. His friends ran the gamut from backwoods country- men he met on his many fishing trips to Nobel laureates.
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James, Steinhauser, Hoffmann, Friedrich One Hundred Years at The
James, Steinhauser, Hoffmann, Friedrich One Hundred Years at the Intersection of Chemistry and Physics Published under the auspices of the Board of Directors of the Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society: Hans-Joachim Freund Gerard Meijer Matthias Schefﬂer Robert Schlögl Martin Wolf Jeremiah James · Thomas Steinhauser · Dieter Hoffmann · Bretislav Friedrich One Hundred Years at the Intersection of Chemistry and Physics The Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society 1911–2011 De Gruyter An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libra- ries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access. More information about the initiative can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org Aut ho rs: Dr. Jeremiah James Prof. Dr. Dieter Hoffmann Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Institute for the Max Planck Society History of Science Faradayweg 4–6 Boltzmannstr. 22 14195 Berlin 14195 Berlin [email protected] [email protected] Dr. Thomas Steinhauser Prof. Dr. Bretislav Friedrich Fritz Haber Institute of the Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society Max Planck Society Faradayweg 4–6 Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin 14195 Berlin [email protected] [email protected] Cover images: Front cover: Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, 1913. From left to right, “factory” building, main building, director’s villa, known today as Haber Villa. Back cover: Campus of the Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 2011. The Institute’s his- toric buildings, contiguous with the “Röntgenbau” on their right, house the Departments of Physical Chemistry and Molecular Physics.
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Robert (Thomas Dietrich) Luther (02.01.1868 [21.12.1867] Moskau - 17.04.1945 Dresden) Und Seine Photochemischen Arbeiten
Please take notice of: (c)Beneke. Don't quote without permission. Robert (Thomas Dietrich) Luther (02.01.1868 [21.12.1867] Moskau - 17.04.1945 Dresden) und seine photochemischen Arbeiten Klaus Beneke Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Christian-Albrechts-Universität der Universität D-24098 Kiel [email protected] Auszug und ergänzter Artikel (Oktober 2005): Klaus Beneke Biographien und wissenschaftliche Lebensläufe von Kolloidwis- senschaftlern, deren Lebensdaten mit 1995 in Verbindung stehen. Beiträge zur Geschichte der Kolloidwissenschaften, VII Mitteilungen der Kolloid-Gesellschaft, 1998, Seite 96-98 Verlag Reinhard Knof, Nehmten ISBN 3-934413-01-3 2 Robert (Thomas Dietrich) Luther (02.01.1868 [21.12.1867] Moskau - 17.04.1945 Dresden) und seine photochemischen Arbeiten. Robert Luther wurde als Sohn des Collegien Assesors und Rechtsanwalts Alexander Luther (gestorben 1892) und dessen Frau Lina geb. Frese (gestorben 1881) in Moskau geboren. Bis zum achten Lebensjahre wurde Robert Luther zu Hause unterrichtet und besuchte danach das deutsche St.-Petri-Pauli Gymnasium in Moskau und die russischen Gymnasien in Twer und Moskau und legte am letzteren 1885 die Reifeprüfung ab. Er studierte von 1885 bis 1889 Chemie an der Universität Dorpat und erhielt 1888 für die Bearbeitung des Themas Prüfung der auf Reduction zu Ammoniak begründeten Robert Luther (1868 - 1945) Methoden zur Analyse der Nitrate die goldene Preismedaille. Im Jahre 1889 wurde Robert Luther nach bestandener Prüfung Kandidat der Chemie und hörte noch ein Semester Mathematik. Ende 1889 wurde er Assistent von Friedrich Konrad Beilstein1 am 1 Friedrich Konrad Beilstein (17.02.1838 St. Petersburg - 18.10.1906 St. Petersburg). Studierte ab 1853 Chemie in Heidelberg, München und Göttingen und promovierte 1858 bei Friedrich Wöhler (31.07.1800 Eschersheim (heute zu Frankfurt - 23.09.1882 Göttingen).
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Educación Química, Vol. 1, Núm. 0
PARA QUITARLE EL POLVO La química en la historia, His life and work para la enseñanza Kurt Wohl Jaime Wisniak* Resumen After participating in the First World War he Kurt Wohl (1896-1962) fue un brillante científico went to study chemistry at the universities of the Free teórico que trabajó en áreas tan diferentes como la City of Danzig, Heildelberg, and Berlin. He did his fotosíntesis y las llamas. Amargos sucesos antes de Ph.D. studies at the University of Berlin under the la Segunda Guerra Mundial lo obligaron a cambiar direction of Walther Nernst (1864-1941; 1921 Nobel de ocupación varias veces, pero a pesar de ello, él Prize in Chemistry) and graduated in 1923, summa contribuyó en forma duradera al tema de ter- cum laude, with a thesis related to the specific heat modinámica de soluciones y propiedades de trans- and dissociation of diatomic gases. porte de los gases a altas temperaturas y presiones. After graduation he was appointed assistant in the Physikalisch-Chemischen Institut (Physical Chemis- Abstract try Institute) of Nernst, in Berlin, where he began Kurt Wohl (1896-1962) was a brilliant theoretician working with the group of Max Bodenstein (1871- who worked in areas as widely different as photosyn- 1943). At the Institute he continued his research on thesis and flames. Bitter events before World War II the specific heat of gases, their dissociation, explo- forced him to change activities several times, but in sion methods, and equilibrium states. In addition, he spite of this he made lasting contributions to the did work on the London theory of the van der Waals thermodynamics of solutions and transport proper- forces (Wohl, 1931).
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Fritz Haber at One Hundred Fifty: Evolving Views of and on a German Jewish Patriot*
Fritz Haber at one hundred fifty: Evolving views of and on a German Jewish patriot* Bretislav Friedrich Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin Prelude Only few scientists have conferred benefits to humankind – both intellectual and practical – that are on a par with those we owe Fritz Haber. And yet, Haber has been a controversial figure – for about the last third of those one hundred fifty years that elapsed since his birth in 1868. It was Haber’s role in World War One – most notably his initiative to usher in chemical warfare to the battlefield – that cast a long shadow over his legacy. The moral outrage elicited by the German chlorine cloud attack at Ypres on 22 April 1915 was immediate, but not long lasting: Within a few months of Ypres, the Entente deployed its own potent chemical arsenal and eventually declared, alongside with Germany, poison gas a “humane weapon” [Friedrich et al. 2017]. In the 1920s and early 1930s, Haber could even act, together with Albert Einstein and others, as ambassador of German science in Europe and America and actively participate in repairing the damage done to international cooperation by the “war of the intellects” [Wolff 2001, Wolff 2003, Berg und Thiel 2018] in general and the “chemists’ war” [Friedrich 2015] in particular. * An abridged version of this article was presented as a keynote address at “Fritz Haber im Fokus. Eine kritische Würdigung des umstrittenen Chemikers” held at the Centre for General and Cultural Studies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, on 15 January 2019, cf.
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George Bogdan Kistiakowsky
GEORGE BOGDAN KISTIAKOWSKY MEMORIAL MINUTE ADOPTED BY THE FACULTY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES HARVARD UNIVERSITY NOVEMBER 13, 1984 GEORGE BOGDAN KISTIAKOWSKY BORN November 18, 1900 DIED December 7, 1982 eorge B. Kistiakowsky began an adventurous, vibrant, and highly successful career in Kiev, Russia, November 18, 1900, the son of a professor of international law. At his death on December 7, G1982, he was Abbott and James Lawrence Professor of Chemistry Emeri tus at Harvard. Kistiakowsky was an eminent scientist, a very loyal officer of this Uni versity, and a tireless battler for the proper application of science to pub lic policy questions. In particular, he continued his vigorous crusade for the control of nuclear weapons right up to his last days. His friends knew him as a truly exceptional man, courageous, dashing, witty, intelligent, and strong. Kistiakowsky was fearless and forceful in expressing his views, in public as well as in private. He held strong opin ions about people as well as issues so that he inevitably made enemies, but he never let this interfere with his advocacy of courses of action he believed in. In fact, he seemed to thrive on controversy. Each of us has his favorite Kistiakowsky story, all marked by his unique brand of irrev erent humor, which never left him. After a series of hair-raising adventures as a member of the White Army in the Russian Revolution and a harrowing escape from the Cri mea, Kistiakowsky’s scientific career started in Berlin. There he began his lifetime study of chemical kinetics—the detailed steps by which chemicals react—under Professor Max Bodenstein, from whom he acquired his approach to chemical research: the primacy of experiment and the importance of a personal command of a broad range of laboratory and intellectual techniques.
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Essays on Chemical Kinetics
A BRIEF HISTORY OF TIME IN CHEMISTRY Gregory S. Yablonsky Parks College of Engineering, Aviation and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA • • “The history of science is the only history which can illustrate the progress of mankind” • (George Sarton) • “The only reason for time is so that everything doesn’t happen at once” • Albert Einstein A. INITIAL STORY • The first step. • There were 500 bricks inside the airplane. One brick was dropped. How many bricks are remained inside the airplane? • Correct! 499! • The second step. How to put an elephant into the refrigerator? Three-stage procedure: (1) To open the refrigerator; (2) To put the elephant into the refrigerator (3) To close the refrigerator • The third step. How to put an reindeer into the refrigerator? Four-stage procedure: (1) To open the refrigerator; (2) To take the elephant out of the refrigerator; (3) To put a reindeer to the refrigerator ; (4) To close the refrigerator lio • The fourth step A lion, the king of animals, has the birthday party. All animals came to this party except one. Who is this one? • Certainly, the reindeer! • The fifth step An old lady crossed the African river with crocodiles. However she survived. Why? • Correct! • All crocodiles attended the lion’s party! • The sixth step, the final one. Unfortunately this old lady died at the same day. Why? • She was hit by the brick which was dropped from the airplane. • The level of complexity of this example is very correspondent to the complexity of chemical reaction. It is the multi-stage process It is the temporal process.
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