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Introduction 1. Arthur G. Green, in Discussion Following Ernest F. Ehrhardt, "Reminiscences of Dr. Caro," Chemistry and Industry 43 (1924): 561-65, on 564
Notes Introduction 1. Arthur G. Green, in discussion following Ernest F. Ehrhardt, "Reminiscences of Dr. Caro," Chemistry and Industry 43 (1924): 561-65, on 564. 2. This is mentioned by Ehrhardt, in "Reminiscences of Dr. Caro," on 561, who is probably referring to a letter from Raphael Meldola published in the London Times on 20 January 1915. Though in 1904 Meldola drew a connection between Caro's departure from England and the decline of the British dye industry, Caro is not mentioned in Meldola's letter to the Times. See also Ehrhardt, "Reminiscences of Dr. Caro," 564-65. 3. For a review of the industrial impact of Haber's ammonia synthesis, see Anthony S. Travis, "High Pressure Industrial Chemistry: The First Steps, 1909-1913, and the Impact," in Determinants in the Evolution of the European Chemical Industry, 1900-1939, eds. Anthony S. Travis, Harm G. SchrOter, Ernst Homburg, and Peter J. T. Morris (Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1998), 1-21. 4. Ehrhardt, "Reminiscences of Dr. Caro," 564. A useful study of Caro is Curt Schuster, "Heinrich Caro," in Ludwigshafener Chemiker, ed. Kurt Oberdorffer (Dusseldorf, 1960), vol. 2, 45-83. See also John J. Beer, Dictionary of Scientific Biography, s.v. Heinrich Caro; and Ernst Darmstaedter, "Heinrich Caro," in Das Buch der grossen Chemiker, ed. Giinther Bugge (Berlin: Chemie Verlag,1929), vol. 2, 298-309. The most informative of the obituaries is August Bernthsen, "Heinrich Caro," Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft 45 (1912): 1987-2042. 5. Green, in discussion following Ehrhardt, "Reminiscences of Dr. Caro," on 564. 6. For the dearth of archival material on the British dye industry before around 1880, see entries in Peter J. -
Anette Marquardt FORMATIERT
Anette Marquardt Bestandskatalog der Autographen- und Büchersammlung Schneider in der Ehemaligen Universitätsbibliothek Helmstedt https://doi.org/10.24355/dbbs.084-201808241206-0 Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorbemerkungen ................................................................................................................... 3 Sammlungsordnung .............................................................................................................. 5 Verzeichnis nicht katalogisierter Bestände ............................................................................ 6 Bücher und Aufzeichnungen ................................................................................................. 8 Personenverzeichnis ............................................................................................................10 Abkürzungen ........................................................................................................................28 Hinweise zur Nutzung ..........................................................................................................29 Autographen-Katalog ...........................................................................................................30 Quellenverzeichnis ............................................................................................................. 430 Seite 2 https://doi.org/10.24355/dbbs.084-201808241206-0 Vorbemerkungen Die „Ehemalige Universitäts-Bibliothek“ Helmstedt (auch Bibliotheca Julica oder Juleum) ist die heute erhaltene Bibliothek -
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..f.,5$1______ -~ survey -------) WHO WAS WHO IN KINETICS, REACTION ENGINEERING, AND CATALYSIS CAMI L. JACKSON AND JOSEPH H . HOLLES University of liyoming • Laramie, WY 82071 n the tradition of "Who was Who in Transport Phenom We have tried to include the names that are encountered ena" by Byron Bird in Chemical Engineering Education,CI J frequently in textbooks for both undergraduates and gradu Iwe have developed a similar set of microbiographies for ates (by noted authors such as Levenspiel, Hill, Fogler, and persons in the fields of kinetics, reaction engineering, and Froment and Bischoff). Again, we follow Bird's lead and do catalysis. As noted by Bird, an otherwise typical lecture not include these people simply for authoring books in these can be enlivened by presenting biographical information fields . We do, however, include-where appropriate- famous about the people whose names appear in famous equations, texts written by those scientists and engineers included for dimensionless groups, plots, approximations, and theories . other reasons. We have tried to focus on those persons who The wide variety of applications for this type of information contributed to the science of a field and not just contributed to has been demonstrated by using activity breaks to teach the a specific reaction or system (e.g., Haber and Bosch). While history of our professionl21 and as trading card rewards for contributions to specific reactions or systems are important, academic performance _l31 we elected not to include them in order to limit the scope of With the introduction and widespread acceptance ofWiki the project. Finally, we have tried to include interesting non pedia, basic biographical information on many of the early technical or non-professional information where possible to contributors to the profession of chemical engineering can be show the breadth of these individuals. -
Gas Phase Chemical Reaction Systems
springer.com J. Wolfrum, H.-R. Volpp, R. Rannacher, J. Warnatz (Eds.) Gas Phase Chemical Reaction Systems Experiments and Models 100 Years After Max Bodenstein Proceedings of an International Symposion, held at the “Internationales Wissenschaftsforum Heidelberg”, Heidelberg, Germany, July 25 – 28, 1995 Series: Springer Series in Chemical Physics This volume consists of edited papers presented at the International Symposion Gas Phase Chemical Reaction Systems: Experiments and Models 100 Years After Max Bodenslein, held at the Internationales Wissenschaftsforum Heidelberg (IWH) in Heidelberg during July 25-28, 1995. The intention of this symposion was to bring together leading researchers from the fields of reaction dynamics, kinetics, catalysis and reactive flow model• ling to discuss and review the advances in the understanding of chemical kinetics about 100 years after Max Bodenstein's pioneering work on the "hydrogen iodine reaction", which he carried out at the Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. Chemistry Institute of the University of Heidelberg. The idea to focus in his doctoral thesis [1] 1996, XIII, 343 p. on this reaction was brought up by his supervisor Victor Meyer (successor of Robert Bunsen at the Chemistry Institute of the University of Heidelberg) and originated from the non• Printed book reproducible behaviour found by Bunsen and Roscoe in their early photochemical investigations Softcover of the H2/Cl2 system [2] and by van't Hoff [3], and V. Meyer and co-workers [4] in their 129,99 € | £109.99 | $159.99 experiments on the slow combustion of H2/02 mixtures. [1]139,09 € (D) | 142,99 € (A) | CHF 153,50 eBook 106,99 € | £87.50 | $119.00 [2]106,99 € (D) | 106,99 € (A) | CHF 122,50 Available from your library or springer.com/shop MyCopy [3] Printed eBook for just € | $ 24.99 springer.com/mycopy Error[en_EN | Export.Bookseller. -
Jagd Auf Die Klügsten Köpfe
1 DEUTSCHLANDFUNK Redaktion Hintergrund Kultur / Hörspiel Redaktion: Ulrike Bajohr Dossier Jagd auf die klügsten Köpfe. Intellektuelle Zwangsarbeit deutscher Wissenschaftler in der Sowjetunion. Ein Feature von Agnes Steinbauer 12:30-13:15 Sprecherin: An- und Absage/Text: Edda Fischer 13:10-13:45 Sprecher 1: Zitate, Biografien Thomas Lang Sprecher 2: An- und Absage/Zwischentitel/ ov russisch: Lars Schmidtke (HSP) Produktion: 01. /02 August 2011 ab 12:30 Studio: H 8.1 Urheberrechtlicher Hinweis Dieses Manuskript ist urheberrechtlich geschützt und darf vom Empfänger ausschließlich zu rein privaten Zwecken genutzt werden. Die Vervielfältigung, Verbreitung oder sonstige Nutzung, die über den in §§ 44a bis 63a Urheberrechtsgesetz geregelten Umfang hinausgeht, ist unzulässig. © - unkorrigiertes Exemplar - Sendung: Freitag, d. 05.August 2011, 19.15 – 2 01aFilmton russisches Fernsehen) Beginn bei ca 15“... Peenemünde.... Wernher von Braun.... nach ca 12“(10“) verblenden mit Filmton 03a 03a 0-Ton Boris Tschertok (russ./ Sprecher 2OV ) Im Oktober 1946 wurde beschlossen, über Nacht gleichzeitig alle nützlichen deutschen Mitarbeiter mit ihren Familien und allem, was sie mitnehmen wollten, in die UdSSR zu transportieren, unabhängig von ihrem Einverständnis. Filmton 01a hoch auf Stichwort: Hitler....V2 ... bolschoi zaschtschitny zel darauf: 03 0-Ton Karlsch (Wirtschaftshistoriker): 15“ So können wir sagen, dass bis zu 90 Prozent der Wissenschaftler und Ingenieure, die in die Sowjetunion kamen, nicht freiwillig dort waren, sondern sie hatten keine Chance dem sowjetischen Anliegen auszuweichen. Filmton 01a bei Detonation hoch und weg Ansage: Jagd auf die klügsten Köpfe. Intellektuelle Zwangsarbeit deutscher Wissenschaftler in der Sowjetunion. Ein Feature von Agnes Steinbauer 3 04 0-Ton Helmut Wolff 57“ Am 22.Oktober frühmorgens um vier klopfte es recht heftig an die Tür, und vor der Wohnungstür stand ein sowjetischer Offizier mit Dolmetscherin, rechts und links begleitet von zwei sowjetischen Soldaten mit MPs im Anschlag. -
Influences of Physical Chemistry in the German Chemical Industry, 1900- 1950
Physical Chemistry Crossed the Boarder: Influences of Physical Chemistry in the German Chemical Industry, 1900- 1950 Heinrich Kahlert* Before the turn of 20th century the German chemical industry was heavily influ- enced by the knowledge and the modelling approaches of organic chemists.1 Although there were some chemical engineers in the industry, their influence regarding a more quantitative approach in industrial design was limited by the predominance of organic chemists. Originally caused by organic chemical con- straints to enable various chemical reactions to obtain different dyes, the very important “oleum” (sulphuric acid) was produced by the so called “Röst-Process”. One decisive feature to control this process was the knowledge of the catalyst behaviour. At that time, BASF (Caro,2 Knietsch) was the leading company in the field to patent catalyst. These patents strongly influenced the style of physical chemical argumentation and modelling approaches, in contrast to the more com- mon patents in organic chemistry. With the technical introduction of the Haber-Bosch process before World War I (a “Pull-Factor”) and the theoretical understanding of the laws of thermodynamics and the kinetics of heterogeneous systems (a “Push-Factor”), the both parties, industry and academic, were coming together. Certainly also influenced by the multi-discipline genius Wilhelm Ostwald and his “Bridge-Function” (Hapke) capabilities. This congruence was reflected by the increasing number of physical chemical journals3 (Zeitschrift für physikalische Chemie founded 1887, Zeitschrift für Elektrochemie und angewandte physikalische Chemie 1894, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1896 etc), and the increasing number of papers as function of time in relation to organic papers.4 Thus, physical chemistry had crossed the aca- demic boarder. -
German Scientists in the Soviet Atomic Project
PAVEL V. OLEYNIKOV German Scientists in the Soviet Atomic Project PAVEL V. OLEYNIKOV1 Pavel Oleynikov has been a group leader at the Institute of Technical Physics of the Russian Federal Nuclear Center in Snezhinsk (Chelyabinsk-70), Russia. He can be reached by e-mail at <[email protected]>. he fact that after World War II the Soviet Union This article first addresses what the Soviets knew at took German scientists to work on new defense the end of World War II about the German bomb pro- Tprojects in that country has been fairly well docu- gram and then discusses their efforts to collect German mented.2 However, the role of German scientists in the technology, scientists, and raw materials, particularly advancement of the Soviet atomic weapons program is uranium, after the war. Next, it reviews the Soviets’ use controversial. In the United States in the 1950s, Russians of German uranium and scientists in particular labora- were portrayed as “retarded folk who depended mainly tories working on different aspects of atomic weapons on a few captured German scientists for their achieve- development. It discusses the contributions and careers ments, if any.”3 Russians, for their part, vehemently deny of several German scientists and their possible motiva- all claims of the German origins of the Soviet bomb and tions for participating in the Soviet bomb program. The wield in their defense the statement of Max Steenbeck importance of the Germans’ contributions was reflected (a German theorist who pioneered supercritical centri- in the awards and other acknowledgments they fuges for uranium enrichment in the USSR) 4 that “all received from the Soviet government, including numer- talk that Germans have designed the bomb for the Sovi- ous Stalin Prizes in the late 1940s and early 1950s. -
SAMUEL COLVILLE LIND June 15, 1879–February 12, 1965
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES S A M U E L C O L V I L L E L IND 1879—1965 A Biographical Memoir by KEIT H J . L AIDLER Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. Biographical Memoir COPYRIGHT 1998 NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS WASHINGTON D.C. Courtesy of the University of Minnesota Laboratory SAMUEL COLVILLE LIND June 15, 1879–February 12, 1965 BY KEITH J. LAIDLER AMUEL COLVILLE LIND was distinguished for his work on Sthe kinetics of chemical reactions of various kinds, es- pecially reactions induced by ionizing radiation. He is still particularly remembered for his early pioneering study, with Max Bodenstein in Leipzig, of the reaction between hydro- gen and bromine. His later research and his books were significant in placing on a firm basis the effects of radiation on the rates of reactions. He had wide experience in gov- ernment laboratories and universities, and through his en- gaging personality exerted a strong influence on others. His interests ranged far outside science, and his memoirs, published posthumously in 1972, shed an interesting his- torical light on the various institutions and people con- nected to him. Lind was held in high regard as a scientist, teacher, and administrator. The esteem and affection of his friends and colleagues are evidence of his generosity and helpfulness. He had a lively sense of humor, and enjoyed jokes on him- self. His friends ran the gamut from backwoods country- men he met on his many fishing trips to Nobel laureates. -
24.11 Books MH 17/11/05 5:01 PM Page 427
24.11 books MH 17/11/05 5:01 PM Page 427 NATURE|Vol 438|24 November 2005 BOOKS & ARTS died. Bickenbach was later condemned by a French court to 20 years in jail. During the A poisonous present lawsuit, Kuhn wrote to Bickenbach’s lawyer, saying that the experiments were “scientifically Kampfstoff-Forschung im in 1938, Kuhn took over some of his lab space. perfect” and “a blessing for future generations”. Nationalsozialismus: Zur Kooperation This gave him access to the nerve poisons Bickenbach was released in 1955 after a Ger- von Kaiser-Wilhelm-Instituten, Militär tabun and sarin, synthesized in secret in 1936 man medical court found nothing wrong with und Industrie. [Weapons Research in and 1939 by chemists of the IG Farben compa- his experiments and allowed him to practice National Socialism] nies. The Allies only learned of their existence medicine again. by Florian Schmaltz shortly before the end of the war. Kuhn’s Schmaltz, a historian, presents all this and Wallstein: 2005. 676 pp. €39 colleagues showed that the poisons worked much more in great detail. The flow of money by inhibiting acetylcholine esterase, and his between industry, the army and science, in Benno Müller-Hill laboratory synthesized an even more effective particular, is well documented, but the chem- Germany started developing chemical weapons acetylcholine esterase inhibitor, soman, in istry is flawed in places. The structures of sarin nearly a century ago, during the First World 1944. These poisons were synthesized in large and soman are given, but that of tabun is miss- War. Fritz Haber, then director of the Kaiser quantities for use in grenades, but they were ing, and the structure of pinacoline alcohol, a Wilhelm Institute of Physical Chemistry in never used. -
List of References
List of References References relating to the Institute and its directors and staff [Andronikow, Wrangell] Andronikow, Wladimir von (Ed.): Margarethe von Wrangell. Das Leben einer Frau, 1876–1932, München 1935. [Anon., Karie s] Karies. Riesenkristalle im Mund, Der Spiegel, Wednesday, 2 March 1955, p. 36–38. [Badino, Friedrich, Sackur] Badino, Massimiliano/Bretislav Friedrich: Putting the Quantum to Work. Otto Sackur’s Pioneering Exploits in the Quantum Theory of Gases (in press). [Beneke, Kolloidwissenschaftler] Beneke, Klaus: Die Kolloidwissenschaftler Peter Adolf Thiessen, Gerhart Jander, Robert Havemann, Hans Witzmann und ihre Zeit, Nehmten 2000. Block, Jochen H.: Erwin W. Müller 13.6.1911–17.5.1977. In: MPG, Berichte und Mitteilungen, Sonderheft (1977), p. 23–26. [Borrelli, Friedrich, Wigner] Borrelli, Arianna/Friedrich, Bretislav: Eugene Wigner and the bliss of the ‘Gruppenpest,’Second International Conference on the His- tory of Quantum Physics (HQ2), Utrecht, July 14–17, Utrecht, the Netherlands. [Borrelli, SelectionRules] Borrelli, Arianna: The emergence of selection rules and their encounter with group theory: 1913–1927, Studies in the History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 40 (2009) 327–337. [Borrmann, Danksagung] Borrmann, Gerhard: Danksagung, Zeitschrift für Kristal- lographie 212 (1997), p. 627–628. [Bradaczek, Hildebrandt ] Bradaczek, Hans: Gerhard Hildebrandt – born 30 May 1922, Crystal Research and Technology 37 (2002), p. 639–644. [Bradshaw, Gaupp, Koch, Maier, Peatman, BESSY II ] Bradshaw, Alexander M./Andreas Gaupp/Ernst-Eckard -
Mitteilungen Der Wilhelm-Ostwald-Gesellschaft Zu Großbothen E.V. 14
Mitteilungen der Wilhelm-Ostwald-Gesellschaft zu Großbothen e.V. 14. Jg. 2009, Heft 1 ISSN 1433-3910 _________________________________________________________________ Inhalt Editorial Zur 47. Ausgabe der „Mitteilungen“.................................................................... 5 Vorlesungen über Naturphilosophie (Vorlesung 16) Wilhelm Ostwald .......................................................................................... 7 Wilhelm Ostwalds „Geschichte der Elektrochemie“ von 1896 und die Entwicklung der Bioelektrochemie seit Luigi Galvani bis heute Hermann Berg .............................................................................................. 18 Fritz Köhler – Universitäts-Mechaniker bei Wilhelm Ostwald von 1897 bis 1904 Ulf Messow, Wolgang Hönle, Ulf Molzahn.................................................. 25 Die Verantwortung des Wissenschaftlers – Manfred von Ardenne, Klaus Fuchs und das atomare Patt Gerhard Barkleit ......................................................................................... 37 Andere über Ostwald Wladimir und Karin Reschetilowski............................................................. 57 Nachruf auf Prof. Dr. Dr. Klaus Wetzel Karl-Peter Dostal......................................................................................... 60 Gesellschaftsnachrichten...................................................................................... 64 Protokoll der Mitgliederversammlung vom 21.02.2009 Autorenhinweise.................................................................................................. -
James, Steinhauser, Hoffmann, Friedrich One Hundred Years at The
James, Steinhauser, Hoffmann, Friedrich One Hundred Years at the Intersection of Chemistry and Physics Published under the auspices of the Board of Directors of the Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society: Hans-Joachim Freund Gerard Meijer Matthias Scheffler Robert Schlögl Martin Wolf Jeremiah James · Thomas Steinhauser · Dieter Hoffmann · Bretislav Friedrich One Hundred Years at the Intersection of Chemistry and Physics The Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society 1911–2011 De Gruyter An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libra- ries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access. More information about the initiative can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org Aut ho rs: Dr. Jeremiah James Prof. Dr. Dieter Hoffmann Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Institute for the Max Planck Society History of Science Faradayweg 4–6 Boltzmannstr. 22 14195 Berlin 14195 Berlin [email protected] [email protected] Dr. Thomas Steinhauser Prof. Dr. Bretislav Friedrich Fritz Haber Institute of the Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society Max Planck Society Faradayweg 4–6 Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin 14195 Berlin [email protected] [email protected] Cover images: Front cover: Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, 1913. From left to right, “factory” building, main building, director’s villa, known today as Haber Villa. Back cover: Campus of the Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 2011. The Institute’s his- toric buildings, contiguous with the “Röntgenbau” on their right, house the Departments of Physical Chemistry and Molecular Physics.