Mitteilungen Der Wilhelm-Ostwald-Gesellschaft Zu Großbothen E.V. 14
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Die Nationalsozialistische Rezeption Julius Robert Mayers: Alwin Mittasch Und Das Konzept Der Auslösung
Die nationalsozialistische Rezeption Julius Robert Mayers: Alwin Mittasch und das Konzept der Auslösung M aria Osietzki, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Fakultät für Geschichtswissenschaft, W irtschafts- und Technikgeschichte, Universitätsstr. 150, 4630 Bochum 1 Im Jahre 1942 erschien eine vom Reichsforschungsrat in Auftrag gegebene "Gedenkpublikation zur 100. W iederkehr der Entdeckung des Energieerhal tungssatzes".1 In ihr kamen Vertreter unterschiedlicher Disziplinen zu W ort, für die der Energieerhaltungssatz von Relevanz war. Im Stil schloß sich die Gedenkschrift weitgehend an die üblicherweise zur Identitätsstiftung der W issenschaft beitragenden Heroisierungen von W issenschaftlern und den zur Aufwertung der eigenen Disziplin bestimmten Rekonstruktionen ihrer Leistun gen an. Die meisten Beiträge lagen in einer Linie mit der Rezeptionsgeschichte Mayers vor 1933 und nach 1945. Stellenweise wiesen sie allerdings Passagen auf, die man als bewußte Verbeugung vor den Ambitionen der Nationalsozia listen oder als unbewußte Anpassung an ihre Denkweisen interpretieren kann. Im Unterschied dazu stand eine Publikation in der Gedenkschrift für einen Rezeptionsstrang M ayers, der als typisch nationalsozialistisch zu kennzeichnen ist. Er stammt von dem Chemiker Alwin M ittasch (1869-1953), dem erfolgrei chen Katalyseforscher und langjährigem Laboratoriumsleiter bei der BASF, der sich im Ruhestand mit philosophischen Fragen befaßte. Er stieß dabei auf eine kurze Schrift von Mayer aus dem Jahre 1876, in der dieser skizzenhaft das Konzept der Auslösung entwickelt hatte.2 Die Faszination, die M ittasch für die ses Konzept empfand, bestand in dessen Ergänzung des Energieerhaltungs satzes, der auf dem Prinzip "causa aequat effectum" basierte, während die Auslösung vom Grundsatz "kleine Ursache große W irkung" ausging. In dieser dualen Kausalitätsvorstellung sah M ittasch eine Brücke zwischen M aterie und Geist sowie zwischen Leib und Seele. -
USAF Counterproliferation Center CPC Outreach Journal #560
USAF COUNTERPROLIFERATION CENTER CPC OUTREACH JOURNAL Maxwell AFB, Alabama Issue No. 560, 12 March 2007 Articles & Other Documents: Air Force begins giving mandatory anthrax shots in U.S. And Iran Have Been Talking, Quietly Korea U.N. Nuclear Agency Curtails Technical Assistance To Nuclear Weapons Rarely Needed, General Says Iran Defector's Intel Trove Talks On Payments From Iran Founder Where Those Reactors And Centrifuges Came From Iran's President Wants To Tell Security Council Of Nuclear Aims THE UNTHINKABLE Can the United States be made safe from nuclear terrorism? Welcome to the CPC Outreach Journal. As part of USAF Counterproliferation Center’s mission to counter weapons of mass destruction through education and research, we’re providing our government and civilian community a source for timely counterproliferation information. This information includes articles, papers and other documents addressing issues pertinent to US military response options for dealing with nuclear, biological and chemical threats and attacks. It’s our hope this information resource will help enhance your counterproliferation issue awareness. Established in 1998, the USAF/CPC provides education and research to present and future leaders of the Air Force, as well as to members of other branches of the armed services and Department of Defense. Our purpose is to help those agencies better prepare to counter the threat from weapons of mass destruction. Please feel free to visit our web site at http://cpc.au.af.mil/ for in-depth information and specific points of contact. Please direct any questions or comments on CPC Outreach Journal to Jo Ann Eddy, CPC Outreach Editor, at (334) 953-7538 or DSN 493-7538. -
CARL BOSCH and HIS MUSEUM Fathi Habashi, Laval University
Bull. Hist. Chem., VOLUME 35, Number 2 (2010) 111 CARL BOSCH AND HIS MUSEUM Fathi Habashi, Laval University Carl Bosch (1874-1940) (Fig. 1) was for the development of the catalysts. born in Cologne, studied metallurgy Further problems which had to be and mechanical engineering at the Tech- solved were the construction of safe nische Hochschule in Berlin (1894-96), high-pressurized reactors and a cheap then chemistry at Leipzig University, way of producing and cleaning the graduating in 1898. In 1899 he entered gases necessary for the synthesis of the employ of the Badische Anilin- und ammonia. Step by step Bosch went Sodafabrik in Ludwigshafen (Fig. 2) on to using increasingly larger manu- and participated in the development facturing units. In order to solve the of the then new industry of synthetic growing problems posed by materials indigo. and related safety problems, BASF set up the chemical industry’s first When in 1908 the Badische ac- Materials Testing Laboratory in 1912 quired the process of high-pressure to identify and control problems in synthesis of ammonia, which had been materials for instrumentation and developed by Fritz Haber (1868-1934) process engineering. at the Technische Hochschule in Karl- sruhe, Bosch was given the task of The plant in Oppau for the pro- developing this process on an industrial duction of ammonia and nitrogen Figure 1. Carl Bosch (1874-1940) scale. This involved the construction of fertilizers was opened in 1913. Bosch plant and apparatus which would stand up wanted fertilizers to be tested thorough- to working at high gas pressure and high-reaction tem- ly, so that customers were to be given proper instructions peratures. -
Arxiv:1103.2727V1 [Physics.Hist-Ph] 14 Mar 2011 a Chronology of Touschek’S Life During the War Years
EPJ manuscript No. (will be inserted by the editor) Bruno Touschek: particle physicist and father of the e+e− collider Luisa Bonolis1;a and Giulia Pancheri2;b 1 AIF, History of Physics Group, Via Cavalese 13, 00135 Rome (Italy) 2 INFN Frascati National Laboratories, Via E. Fermi 40, 00044 Frascati (Italy) and Center for Theoretical Physics, Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 Abstract. This article gives a brief outline of the life and works of the Austrian physicist Bruno Touschek, who conceived, proposed and, fifty years ago, brought to completion the construction of AdA, the first electron-positron storage ring. The events which led to the approval of the AdA project and the Franco-Italian collaboration which con- firmed the feasibility of electron-positron storage rings will be recalled. We shall illustrate Bruno Touschek's formation both as a theoretical physicist and as an expert in particle accelerators during the period be- tween the time he had to leave the Vienna Staat Gymnasium in 1938, because of his Jewish origin from the maternal side, until he arrived in Italy in the early 1950s and, in 1960, proposed to build AdA, in Frascati. The events which led to Touschek's collaboration with Rolf Widerøe in the construction of the first European betatron will be de- scribed. The article will make use of a number of unpublished as well as previously unknown documents, which include an early correspon- dence with Arnold Sommerfeld and Bruno Touschek's letters to his family in Vienna from Italy, Germany and Great Britain. -
Jagd Auf Die Klügsten Köpfe
1 DEUTSCHLANDFUNK Redaktion Hintergrund Kultur / Hörspiel Redaktion: Ulrike Bajohr Dossier Jagd auf die klügsten Köpfe. Intellektuelle Zwangsarbeit deutscher Wissenschaftler in der Sowjetunion. Ein Feature von Agnes Steinbauer 12:30-13:15 Sprecherin: An- und Absage/Text: Edda Fischer 13:10-13:45 Sprecher 1: Zitate, Biografien Thomas Lang Sprecher 2: An- und Absage/Zwischentitel/ ov russisch: Lars Schmidtke (HSP) Produktion: 01. /02 August 2011 ab 12:30 Studio: H 8.1 Urheberrechtlicher Hinweis Dieses Manuskript ist urheberrechtlich geschützt und darf vom Empfänger ausschließlich zu rein privaten Zwecken genutzt werden. Die Vervielfältigung, Verbreitung oder sonstige Nutzung, die über den in §§ 44a bis 63a Urheberrechtsgesetz geregelten Umfang hinausgeht, ist unzulässig. © - unkorrigiertes Exemplar - Sendung: Freitag, d. 05.August 2011, 19.15 – 2 01aFilmton russisches Fernsehen) Beginn bei ca 15“... Peenemünde.... Wernher von Braun.... nach ca 12“(10“) verblenden mit Filmton 03a 03a 0-Ton Boris Tschertok (russ./ Sprecher 2OV ) Im Oktober 1946 wurde beschlossen, über Nacht gleichzeitig alle nützlichen deutschen Mitarbeiter mit ihren Familien und allem, was sie mitnehmen wollten, in die UdSSR zu transportieren, unabhängig von ihrem Einverständnis. Filmton 01a hoch auf Stichwort: Hitler....V2 ... bolschoi zaschtschitny zel darauf: 03 0-Ton Karlsch (Wirtschaftshistoriker): 15“ So können wir sagen, dass bis zu 90 Prozent der Wissenschaftler und Ingenieure, die in die Sowjetunion kamen, nicht freiwillig dort waren, sondern sie hatten keine Chance dem sowjetischen Anliegen auszuweichen. Filmton 01a bei Detonation hoch und weg Ansage: Jagd auf die klügsten Köpfe. Intellektuelle Zwangsarbeit deutscher Wissenschaftler in der Sowjetunion. Ein Feature von Agnes Steinbauer 3 04 0-Ton Helmut Wolff 57“ Am 22.Oktober frühmorgens um vier klopfte es recht heftig an die Tür, und vor der Wohnungstür stand ein sowjetischer Offizier mit Dolmetscherin, rechts und links begleitet von zwei sowjetischen Soldaten mit MPs im Anschlag. -
Luise Holzapfel
Please take notice of: (c)Beneke. Don't quote without permission. Luise Holzapfel (14.03.1900 Höxter/Weser - 21.09.1963 Berlin) Dozentin der Chemie, sowie zur Geschichte der „klingenden“ Gele (ringing gels) und der Gelkristallisation (Juni 2005) Klaus Beneke Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Christian-Albrechts-Universität D-24098 Kiel [email protected] 2 Luise Holzapfel (14.03.1900 Höxter/Weser - 21.09.1963 Berlin) Dozentin der Chemie, sowie zur Geschichte der „klingenden“ Gele (ringing gels) und der Gelkristallisation Luise Holzapfel wurde am 14. März 1900 in Höxter an der Weser geboren. Ihr Vater Wilhelm Holzapfel (1859 - 1922) war Geheimer Oberjustizrat, einer der Großväter war Kreisrichter. Ihre Mutter Elsa (geb. Schmidt; geboren 1869) war Hausfrau. Es bedeutete für die Familie, da sie gut begütert war, keine Schwierigkeit der Tochter eine angemessene höhere Mädchenschulbildung zu finanzieren. Luise Holzapfel ging neun Jahre auf das Privatlyzeum Kirstein in Charlot- tenburg, wo sie das Reifezeugnis erhielt. Von 1916 bis 1918 besuchte sie das Groß- herzogliche Viktoriapensionat Karlsruhe in Baden. Luise Holzapfel Von 1918 bis 1919 arbeitete Luise Holzapfel im Kriegspresseamt der Obersten Heeresleitung im Archiv der Abteilung für fremde Presse und begann danach ein Musikstudium das sie 1922 beendete. Danach arbeitete sie bis 1924 in der Legationskasse des Auswärtigen Amtes. Die Jahre 1924 bis 1927 verbrachte Luise Holzapfel zu Hause im Haushalt, die Umstände sind nicht bekannt (CAUER, 1963; VOGT, 1999; VOGT, 2000). In der Zeit von 1928 bis 1934 arbeitete Luise Holzapfel in der Grundstück- und Vermögensverwaltung der Wollank´schen Familienstiftung. In dieser Zeit reifte wohl der der Gedanke Naturwissenschaften zu studieren und dazu besuchte sie nebenher das 3 Abendgymnasium. -
Conference Report of the 47Th Jahrestreffen Deutscher
CHEMCATCHEM CONFERENCE REPORTS DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201402266 German Catalysis on an International Scale in Weimar Juliane Titus,[a] Stefan Kaluza,[b] and Roland Marschall*[c] Dedicated to the memory of Professor Helmut Knçzinger. To Weimar and Beyond In Remembrance of Helmut Knçzinger Over the years, the Annual Meeting of the German Catalysis This year’s conference started with a minute’s silence to honor Society (GeCatS), which traditionally takes place in Weimar, has Prof. Helmut Knçzinger, who died on January 12th, 2014 at the become a constant in the conference calendar of every age of 78. He was a leading scientist in the in situ characteriza- German catalysis researcher. This year’s meeting (March 12th– tion of heterogeneous catalysts. Amongst other roles, he 14th) covered a huge range of catalysis, including recent re- served as chairman of the DECHEMA catalysis section and par- search topics such as thermal, bio-, and photocatalysis. The ticipated in the DECHEMA catalysis working committee. In latter was even put into practice, with the sunshine catalyzing 1998, he was awarded the Alwin Mittasch Medal for his out- scientific discussion and collaborative initiatives in the adjacent standing scientific work. His memory and the resonance of his Weimarhalle park! scientific contributions will remain with us. This year’s conference was not only record-breaking with re- spect to the high temperatures but the scientific program Highlights in Catalysis itself. 582 participants joined this year’s conference (in compar- ison to 519 the year before), in which 38 oral presentations, in- The scientific program began with a plenary lecture by Prof. -
How the Gas Centrifuge Changed the Quest for Nuclear Weapons
7KH(QGRI0DQKDWWDQ+RZWKH*DV&HQWULIXJH&KDQJHG WKH4XHVWIRU1XFOHDU:HDSRQV 56FRWW.HPS Technology and Culture, Volume 53, Number 2, April 2012, pp. 272-305 (Article) 3XEOLVKHGE\7KH-RKQV+RSNLQV8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV DOI: 10.1353/tech.2012.0046 For additional information about this article http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/tech/summary/v053/53.2.kemp.html Access provided by username 'llane' (21 Feb 2015 01:49 GMT) 04_TEC53.2kemp 272–305:03_49.3dobraszczyk 568– 4/30/12 10:55 AM Page 272 The End of Manhattan How the Gas Centrifuge Changed the Quest for Nuclear Weapons R.SCOTTKEMP Introduction The first nuclear weapons were born from technologies of superindus- trial scale. The Manhattan Project exceeded the domestic automobile in- dustry in its size. The gaseous-diffusion plant that enriched uranium at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee employed at its peak some 12,000 people, enclosed forty-four acres under a single roof, and by 1945 consumed nearly three times the electricity of the highly industrialized city of Detroit.1 In the 1940s and ’50s the making of nuclear bombs was under- stood to be a massive undertaking that required vast resources and nearly unparalleled human ingenuity. The U.S. atomic enterprise encouraged a way of thinking about nuclear proliferation that was intimately tied to technol- ogy and industry. In the words of President Harry S. Truman, it seemed “doubtful if such another combination could be got together in the world.”2 The difficulty was not in the bomb per se—scientists had warned that this step would not be hard to replicate—but rather in the apparently mas- sive effort needed to produce the nuclear-explosive materials that fueled the R. -
Stalin and the Atomic Bomb 51
50 Stalin and the The beginning of the uranium problem Amongst physicists, and in many books on the Atomic Bomb history of atomic energy in the USSR, the code name Uran*, in Russian, chosen by Stalin in September 1942 as the specified designation of the Stalingrad counter-attack, is linked with the element uranium. They presume that Stalin, having at this time already approved the setting up of investigations into the uranium problem, found himself under the influence of the potential explosive force of the nuclear bomb. The physicists, however, are mistaken. The codename for the Stalingrad operation was Zhores A. Medvedev chosen by Stalin in honour of Uranus, the seventh planet of the solar system. The strategic battle following ‘Uranus’ – the encirclement and rout of the German armies in the region of Rostov on Don – was given the codename ‘Saturn’ by Stalin. The first mention in the Soviet press of the unusual explosive force of the atomic bomb appeared in Pravda on 13th October 1941. Publishing a report about an anti-fascist meeting of scholars in Moscow the previous day, the paper described to the astonished This article was published reader the testimony of academician Pyotr in Russia on the 120th Leonidovich Kapitsa. anniversary of Stalin’s birth ‘... Explosive materials are one of the basic on 21 December 1879. The weapons of war... But recent years have opened first Soviet atomic bomb up new possibilities – the use of atomic energy. was exploded on 29 August Theoretical calculations show that if a 1949. contemporary powerful bomb can, for example, destroy an entire quarter of a town, then an atomic bomb, even a fairly small one, if it is Zhores A. -
Heisenberg and the Nazi Atomic Bomb Project, 1939-1945: a Study in German Culture
Heisenberg and the Nazi Atomic Bomb Project http://content.cdlib.org/xtf/view?docId=ft838nb56t&chunk.id=0&doc.v... Preferred Citation: Rose, Paul Lawrence. Heisenberg and the Nazi Atomic Bomb Project, 1939-1945: A Study in German Culture. Berkeley: University of California Press, c1998 1998. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft838nb56t/ Heisenberg and the Nazi Atomic Bomb Project A Study in German Culture Paul Lawrence Rose UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS Berkeley · Los Angeles · Oxford © 1998 The Regents of the University of California In affectionate memory of Brian Dalton (1924–1996), Scholar, gentleman, leader, friend And in honor of my father's 80th birthday Preferred Citation: Rose, Paul Lawrence. Heisenberg and the Nazi Atomic Bomb Project, 1939-1945: A Study in German Culture. Berkeley: University of California Press, c1998 1998. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft838nb56t/ In affectionate memory of Brian Dalton (1924–1996), Scholar, gentleman, leader, friend And in honor of my father's 80th birthday ― ix ― ACKNOWLEDGMENTS For hospitality during various phases of work on this book I am grateful to Aryeh Dvoretzky, Director of the Institute of Advanced Studies of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, whose invitation there allowed me to begin work on the book while on sabbatical leave from James Cook University of North Queensland, Australia, in 1983; and to those colleagues whose good offices made it possible for me to resume research on the subject while a visiting professor at York University and the University of Toronto, Canada, in 1990–92. Grants from the College of the Liberal Arts and the Institute for the Arts and Humanistic Studies of The Pennsylvania State University enabled me to complete the research and writing of the book. -
Setsuro Tamaru and Fritz Haber: Links Between Japan and Germany In
Essay DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201402086 Setsuro Tamaru and Fritz Haber: Links THE CHEMICAL between Japan and Germany in Science RECORD and Technology Hideko Tamaru Oyama Department of Chemistry, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501 (Japan), Tel./Fax: (+81) 3-3985-2363, E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Setsuro Tamaru was my grandfather. He worked with Fritz Haber in Germany on researching the ammonia synthesis process and contributed substantially to the development of scientific research and education in Japan. Although I had never met him, I felt his existence while I grew up, since our house was built by him and had many artifacts brought back from Germany by my grandfather; e.g., a Bechstein upright piano upon which I practiced piano every day and Fritz Haber’s portrait with his handwritten message hung on the wall. This is an account of my grandfather’s life, concentrating on his relationship with Fritz Haber. This story goes back to a time more than a century ago. 1. Early Years in Japan (1879∼1908) Setsuro Tamaru (1879∼1944), shown in Figure 1, was born on November 1, 1879, in Morioka, a region in the northern part of the main island, Honshu, Japan. He was the fourth son of a former clansman of the Nambu clan, Juro (father, 1848∼1892), and Shin (mother, 1850∼1941). His father died when he was 12 years old so his eldest brother, Kinya,[1] sup- ported the big family (his mother, grandmother Koto, and six siblings)[2] by working as a schoolteacher. -
005 – ZKD Letter from Prof. Steenbeck to Prof. Graffi
ZKD receipt dated 4.11.1971 F.Kruis Philatelic information on the cover: The Central Courier Service'' was a postal service of the Ministry of the Interior of the GDR, operated by the Deutsche Post of the German Democratic Republic. In the midst of the "Cold War", the GDR felt compelled to take measures to secure postal transport for state, administrative and economic authorities, as "secret" had become a key term for the GDR leadership. In February 1952, the Ministry of the Interior set up a postal service for mail between state agencies. These agencies had their mail delivered by a messenger. This mail was transported in an expedited manner, separate from normal mail. It is noteworthy that not only the sender but also the addressee had to be a subscriber; if an addressee was not registered as a subscriber, the letter was stamped as normal mail and processed or returned. For more information, see: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zentraler_Kurierdienst History of the cover: Max Steenbeck - the sender of this letter - was born in Kiel in 1904 and studied chemistry and then physics at the university there. His instructors were the Nobel Prize winners Hans Geiger and Albrecht Kossel, and it was no coincidence that he did his doctorate on measuring the intensity of X-rays. After graduating, he went to Siemens-Schuckert in Berlin, where he became head of the scientific department. There he constructed the first functioning betatron, an electron accelerator used in radiation therapy and radiation tests. He was thus at the cradle of modern radiotherapy and of pioneering basic physics research with the successors to the betatron being known today as particle accelerators.