DOCSLIB.ORG

70 Weli 70 YEARS

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
70 Weli 70 YEARS soxumis fizika-teqnikis institutis 70 weli Seqmnisa da ganviTarebis etapebi (1945-2015) 70 YEARS OF THE SUKHUMI INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY History and Development (1945-2015) ggamomcemlobaamomcemloba ``universali~universali~ TTbilisibilisi 22015015 1 © gg.. bbokuCava,okuCava, 22015015 wwelieli gamomcemloba `universali~, 2015 Tbilisi, 0179, i. WavWavaZis gamz. 19, : 2 22 36 09, 5(99) 17 22 30 E–mail: [email protected] ISBN 978-9941-22-637-3 2 winasityvaoba Foreword mim dina re wels so xu mis ilia ve- ku as fizi ka-teq ni kis in stitu ti (sfti) 70 wlis iubi les aR niSnavs. rTu li da dra ma tu lia (zo gi erT etap ze tragi kulic) insti tu tis da fuZne bi sa da gan vi Ta re bis is- to ria. ma Ra li teq no lo gi e bis uni ka lu- ri centris da ar seba sa qar Tve- loSi pir ve li sab Wo Ta bir Tvu li iara Ris Seqmnas Tan iyo da kav Si- re bu li. insti tu ti ya lib de bo da gamo Ce nili ger ma neli mec ni e re- bis mo na wi le o biT. un da aRi niS- nos, rom esec unika lu ri mov le- naa Cve ni mecni e re bis is to ri a Si - msof li o Si aRi a re bu li ger ma ne- li mec ni e re bis mo na wi le o ba Cve ni This year Ilia Vekua Sukhumi Ins tute mec ni e ru li sko lis Camo ya li be- of Physics and Technology (SIPT) is bis saqme Si. celebra ng its seven eth anniversary. pir ve li Zi ri Ta di amo ca nis - bir- The history of the Ins tute’s founda- Tvuli ia ra Ris Tvis sa Wi ro ura- on and development is complex and nis gam did rebis sam rew ve lo war- drama c (even tragic some mes). mo e bis teq no lo gi is da mu Sa ve ba- Seqmnis da uSu a lod mrew velo ba- Founda on of the unique High-Tech- Si da nergvis Semdeg, in sti tu ti nological Center in Georgia is asso- mTel rig umniS vne lo va nes fun da- ciated w ith the fi rst Soviet nuclear mentur proble beb ze warma te biT weapon produc on. The Ins tute was mu Sa ob da. formed on the ground of the core of so xu mis in stituts SeuZ lia ia ma- the famous German scien sts. It is a yos ro gorc Ta visi is to ri iT da unuique event in the history of Geor- WeS ma ri tad umaR le si do nis miR- gian science. we ve biT, rom le bic ara erTgzi saa The fi rst major task, development of aRi a re bu li axal mniS vne lo van uranium enrichment technology for wvlilad mec nie re ba Si, ase ve im ga- mo Ce ni li ada mi a ne biT - mec ni e re- nuclear weapons and direct introduc- bi sa da spe cia lis tebis di di ko- on into produc on was fulfi lled. Now hor tiT, ro mel Ta moR va we o bi Tac the Ins tute is successfully working on es sa xe lo va ni isto ria iq mne bo da. a whole number of the most sophis - maTi miR we vebis do nesa da wvlil- cated fundamental problems. ze metyve lebs in sti tu tis Ta nam- Sukhumi Ins tute is proud of its his- Sromle bis mi er miRe bu li sta- tory, great achievements, outstand- li nu ri (23), le ninu ri (1), ssrk ing people, scien sts and specialists, saxel mwifo (6) da sa qarTve los highly recognized all over the world saxel mwifo da sa xelo bi Ti (12) for their crea ve ac vi es. Evidence premi e bi. 3 af xa zeT Si ini cire buli sam xed- of the achievements and contribu on ro kon fliq ti mZime dar tyma iyo of the scien sts, specialists of the In- so xu mis fizi ka-teq nikis in sti- s tute are Stalin (23), Lenin (1), USSR tutis Tvi sac, mi si sa mo mav lo geg- State (6) and Georgian State (12) priz- me bi saT vis... sao mar moq me de bebs es. aTe u lo biT Ta nam Srom li sa da maTi oja xebis wev re bis si coc- The military confl ict in Abkhazia was xle em sxver pla. so xu mi da to va a hard trial for Sukhumi Ins tute of in sti tutis Ta nam Sromel Ta did- Physics and Technology, to its future ma um rav le so bam. Ta nam Sro mel Ta plans… Dozens of co-workers and their Zi ri Tadi birTvi saken-Wu be ris families became vic ms of the ac ons. gol go Tis gzis gav liT Tbilis Si The majority of the Ins tute workers Ca movi da. sfti Tbilis Si da fuZ- le Sukhumi. The main body of the In- nda... s tute arrived in Tbilisi having passed mi u xe da vad gan vli li mZi me wle- through the mountains of Saken-Chu- bi sa, sfti-m SeZlo sa qarTve los beri like the Calvary Way. SIPT was mTav ro bis, sa er Ta So ri so da sa- founded in Tbilisi... qar Tve los sa mec ni e ro sa zo ga do- e bis Ta nad go miT, Ta nam Sro mel Ta With the assistance of Georgian gov- di di Za lisxme viT aRor Zine bis ernment interna onal and Georgian gza ze dad go ma. vi Tar de ba tra di- scien fi c community, with great ef- ci u li da axa li sa mec ni e ro mi mar- forts of the Ins tute’s personnel, SIPT- Tu lebe bi da in stitu ti opti miz- survived in spite of the passed severe miT Sescqe ris mo ma vals. years. Now it follows tradi onal way wi nam deba re krebu li pir ve li and develops new scietnifi c direc ons, mcde lo baa sa zo ga do e bis Tvis in- looking ahead with op mism. for ma ci is mi wo de bi sa so xu mis fi- The present collec on is the fi rst at- zi ka-teq ni kis in sti tu tis Seq mni sa tempt to acknowledge the community da ganvi Ta re bis etape bis Sesa xeb. with informa on on the forma on and madli e re biT min da a RvniS no, development stages of the Ins tute. praqti ku lad sa ar qi vo ma sa lebis uqon lobis piro bebSi, in stitu- I would like to express the gra tude to tis Tanam Sro melTa Za lisxme va da the Ins tute personnel under the lead- wvli li (di req to ris mo ad gi lis ership of the Science Deputy Director sa mec ni e ro na wilSi vla di mer ku- Vladimer Kuchukhodze for their great Wu xu Zis xel mZRva ne lo biT) kre bu- eff orts and contribu on in compil- lis Sed gena Si. aseve min da mad lo- ing this collec on under condi ons of ba ga da vu xa do in sti tu tis yo fi li prac cal absence of archive materials. wamyva ni Tanam Srom lebis oja xebs, I would like to thank the families of our rom lebmac maT Tan da cu li ma sa- former leading co-workers for impor- le bi mog va wo des. tant materials kindly provided to us. sfti-s di req to ri SIPT Director gu ram bo ku Ca va Guram Bokuchava 4 institutis dafuZnebis History of Creation of istoria the Institute ZiriTadi miRwevebi Main Achievements (1945-1955) (1945-1955) wels so xu mis fizi ka-teq ni kis insti- This year we celebrate 70 years since tuts Se usrul da da ar se bidan 70 we- Sukhumi Physical-Technical Institute was li. sa in te re soa in sti tu tis Seq mnis established. The creation of the institute has is to ria. interesting history. 1945 we li, me o re msof lio omis da- 1945... The end of the World War II. sas ru li. sab Wo Ta ja re bi ika ve ben The Soviet Army occupied Eastern ger ma ni is aR mo sav leT na wils, sa dac Germany, where many research institutes gan la ge buli iyo bir Tvul prob le- and laboratories engaged in the nuclear ma ti ka ze mo mu Sa ve cno bili in stitu- research were located. The necessity of the te bi. am ri gad, sak vle vi in sti tu te- development of nuclear physics was evident bis da la bo ra to ri e bis ma Ral kva li- and the Soviet Government offered German fi ci u ri fi zi kos-mec ni e re bi da Ta- specialists to continue the scientifi c activities nam Srom le bi moxvdnen oku pi re bul te ri to ri a ze. in the USSR. The negotiations were not easy. At last leading German scientists got the om ma aCve na bir Tvuli fi zikis da mas- privilege of choosing the place for living and Tan da kav Si re bu li teq no lo gi ebis work on the territory of the Soviet Union. gan vi Ta re bis au ci leb loba.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • History and Challenges for the Future
    The TSU and VIAM Jubilees: History and Challenges for the Future 2018 was marked with three Jubilees. Centenary of declaration of independence of the first Georgian Republic. Centenary of the I. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State Uni- versity (TSU), the eldest university in the Caucasus, and 50th anniversary of the I.Vekua Institute of Applied Mathematics (VIAM) which was founded at the Uni- versity after 50 years of foundation of the University and it is an only Institute which has been existing permanently for 50 years at the University. By the time of the establishment of Tbilisi State University only the faculty of philosophy with departments of Humanities, Mathematics, and Natural Sciences was opened in 1918. The faculty had 369 students, 7 Professors, 5 Deputy Profes- sors, 2 supervisor-scientists and 3 lecturers. Nowadays, 100 years later, Tbilisi State University is a top ranked institution among 2% of the top universities of the world (The U.S. News &World Report) and it owns 13 educational buildings (two of them have the status of historical heritage). Presently 67 undergraduate, 95 postgraduate and 51 Doctoral Degree Programs are implemented at 7 faculties of TSU (Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Economics and Business, Faculty of Law, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine). Besides, 19 vocational and 3 one-step educational programs are offered (at the Faculty of Medicine). In addition, the university provides training program for teachers as well as Georgian language preparation educational program for ethnic Azeri, Armenian and Abkhazian students.
    [Show full text]
  • USAF Counterproliferation Center CPC Outreach Journal #560
    USAF COUNTERPROLIFERATION CENTER CPC OUTREACH JOURNAL Maxwell AFB, Alabama Issue No. 560, 12 March 2007 Articles & Other Documents: Air Force begins giving mandatory anthrax shots in U.S. And Iran Have Been Talking, Quietly Korea U.N. Nuclear Agency Curtails Technical Assistance To Nuclear Weapons Rarely Needed, General Says Iran Defector's Intel Trove Talks On Payments From Iran Founder Where Those Reactors And Centrifuges Came From Iran's President Wants To Tell Security Council Of Nuclear Aims THE UNTHINKABLE Can the United States be made safe from nuclear terrorism? Welcome to the CPC Outreach Journal. As part of USAF Counterproliferation Center’s mission to counter weapons of mass destruction through education and research, we’re providing our government and civilian community a source for timely counterproliferation information. This information includes articles, papers and other documents addressing issues pertinent to US military response options for dealing with nuclear, biological and chemical threats and attacks. It’s our hope this information resource will help enhance your counterproliferation issue awareness. Established in 1998, the USAF/CPC provides education and research to present and future leaders of the Air Force, as well as to members of other branches of the armed services and Department of Defense. Our purpose is to help those agencies better prepare to counter the threat from weapons of mass destruction. Please feel free to visit our web site at http://cpc.au.af.mil/ for in-depth information and specific points of contact. Please direct any questions or comments on CPC Outreach Journal to Jo Ann Eddy, CPC Outreach Editor, at (334) 953-7538 or DSN 493-7538.
    [Show full text]
  • Arxiv:1103.2727V1 [Physics.Hist-Ph] 14 Mar 2011 a Chronology of Touschek’S Life During the War Years
    EPJ manuscript No. (will be inserted by the editor) Bruno Touschek: particle physicist and father of the e+e− collider Luisa Bonolis1;a and Giulia Pancheri2;b 1 AIF, History of Physics Group, Via Cavalese 13, 00135 Rome (Italy) 2 INFN Frascati National Laboratories, Via E. Fermi 40, 00044 Frascati (Italy) and Center for Theoretical Physics, Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 Abstract. This article gives a brief outline of the life and works of the Austrian physicist Bruno Touschek, who conceived, proposed and, fifty years ago, brought to completion the construction of AdA, the first electron-positron storage ring. The events which led to the approval of the AdA project and the Franco-Italian collaboration which con- firmed the feasibility of electron-positron storage rings will be recalled. We shall illustrate Bruno Touschek's formation both as a theoretical physicist and as an expert in particle accelerators during the period be- tween the time he had to leave the Vienna Staat Gymnasium in 1938, because of his Jewish origin from the maternal side, until he arrived in Italy in the early 1950s and, in 1960, proposed to build AdA, in Frascati. The events which led to Touschek's collaboration with Rolf Widerøe in the construction of the first European betatron will be de- scribed. The article will make use of a number of unpublished as well as previously unknown documents, which include an early correspon- dence with Arnold Sommerfeld and Bruno Touschek's letters to his family in Vienna from Italy, Germany and Great Britain.
    [Show full text]
  • Jagd Auf Die Klügsten Köpfe
    1 DEUTSCHLANDFUNK Redaktion Hintergrund Kultur / Hörspiel Redaktion: Ulrike Bajohr Dossier Jagd auf die klügsten Köpfe. Intellektuelle Zwangsarbeit deutscher Wissenschaftler in der Sowjetunion. Ein Feature von Agnes Steinbauer 12:30-13:15 Sprecherin: An- und Absage/Text: Edda Fischer 13:10-13:45 Sprecher 1: Zitate, Biografien Thomas Lang Sprecher 2: An- und Absage/Zwischentitel/ ov russisch: Lars Schmidtke (HSP) Produktion: 01. /02 August 2011 ab 12:30 Studio: H 8.1 Urheberrechtlicher Hinweis Dieses Manuskript ist urheberrechtlich geschützt und darf vom Empfänger ausschließlich zu rein privaten Zwecken genutzt werden. Die Vervielfältigung, Verbreitung oder sonstige Nutzung, die über den in §§ 44a bis 63a Urheberrechtsgesetz geregelten Umfang hinausgeht, ist unzulässig. © - unkorrigiertes Exemplar - Sendung: Freitag, d. 05.August 2011, 19.15 – 2 01aFilmton russisches Fernsehen) Beginn bei ca 15“... Peenemünde.... Wernher von Braun.... nach ca 12“(10“) verblenden mit Filmton 03a 03a 0-Ton Boris Tschertok (russ./ Sprecher 2OV ) Im Oktober 1946 wurde beschlossen, über Nacht gleichzeitig alle nützlichen deutschen Mitarbeiter mit ihren Familien und allem, was sie mitnehmen wollten, in die UdSSR zu transportieren, unabhängig von ihrem Einverständnis. Filmton 01a hoch auf Stichwort: Hitler....V2 ... bolschoi zaschtschitny zel darauf: 03 0-Ton Karlsch (Wirtschaftshistoriker): 15“ So können wir sagen, dass bis zu 90 Prozent der Wissenschaftler und Ingenieure, die in die Sowjetunion kamen, nicht freiwillig dort waren, sondern sie hatten keine Chance dem sowjetischen Anliegen auszuweichen. Filmton 01a bei Detonation hoch und weg Ansage: Jagd auf die klügsten Köpfe. Intellektuelle Zwangsarbeit deutscher Wissenschaftler in der Sowjetunion. Ein Feature von Agnes Steinbauer 3 04 0-Ton Helmut Wolff 57“ Am 22.Oktober frühmorgens um vier klopfte es recht heftig an die Tür, und vor der Wohnungstür stand ein sowjetischer Offizier mit Dolmetscherin, rechts und links begleitet von zwei sowjetischen Soldaten mit MPs im Anschlag.
    [Show full text]
  • How the Gas Centrifuge Changed the Quest for Nuclear Weapons
    7KH(QGRI0DQKDWWDQ+RZWKH*DV&HQWULIXJH&KDQJHG WKH4XHVWIRU1XFOHDU:HDSRQV 56FRWW.HPS Technology and Culture, Volume 53, Number 2, April 2012, pp. 272-305 (Article) 3XEOLVKHGE\7KH-RKQV+RSNLQV8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV DOI: 10.1353/tech.2012.0046 For additional information about this article http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/tech/summary/v053/53.2.kemp.html Access provided by username 'llane' (21 Feb 2015 01:49 GMT) 04_TEC53.2kemp 272–305:03_49.3dobraszczyk 568– 4/30/12 10:55 AM Page 272 The End of Manhattan How the Gas Centrifuge Changed the Quest for Nuclear Weapons R.SCOTTKEMP Introduction The first nuclear weapons were born from technologies of superindus- trial scale. The Manhattan Project exceeded the domestic automobile in- dustry in its size. The gaseous-diffusion plant that enriched uranium at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee employed at its peak some 12,000 people, enclosed forty-four acres under a single roof, and by 1945 consumed nearly three times the electricity of the highly industrialized city of Detroit.1 In the 1940s and ’50s the making of nuclear bombs was under- stood to be a massive undertaking that required vast resources and nearly unparalleled human ingenuity. The U.S. atomic enterprise encouraged a way of thinking about nuclear proliferation that was intimately tied to technol- ogy and industry. In the words of President Harry S. Truman, it seemed “doubtful if such another combination could be got together in the world.”2 The difficulty was not in the bomb per se—scientists had warned that this step would not be hard to replicate—but rather in the apparently mas- sive effort needed to produce the nuclear-explosive materials that fueled the R.
    [Show full text]
  • Stalin and the Atomic Bomb 51
    50 Stalin and the The beginning of the uranium problem Amongst physicists, and in many books on the Atomic Bomb history of atomic energy in the USSR, the code name Uran*, in Russian, chosen by Stalin in September 1942 as the specified designation of the Stalingrad counter-attack, is linked with the element uranium. They presume that Stalin, having at this time already approved the setting up of investigations into the uranium problem, found himself under the influence of the potential explosive force of the nuclear bomb. The physicists, however, are mistaken. The codename for the Stalingrad operation was Zhores A. Medvedev chosen by Stalin in honour of Uranus, the seventh planet of the solar system. The strategic battle following ‘Uranus’ – the encirclement and rout of the German armies in the region of Rostov on Don – was given the codename ‘Saturn’ by Stalin. The first mention in the Soviet press of the unusual explosive force of the atomic bomb appeared in Pravda on 13th October 1941. Publishing a report about an anti-fascist meeting of scholars in Moscow the previous day, the paper described to the astonished This article was published reader the testimony of academician Pyotr in Russia on the 120th Leonidovich Kapitsa. anniversary of Stalin’s birth ‘... Explosive materials are one of the basic on 21 December 1879. The weapons of war... But recent years have opened first Soviet atomic bomb up new possibilities – the use of atomic energy. was exploded on 29 August Theoretical calculations show that if a 1949. contemporary powerful bomb can, for example, destroy an entire quarter of a town, then an atomic bomb, even a fairly small one, if it is Zhores A.
    [Show full text]
  • Energy Policy Review: Georgia 2020
    Georgia 2020 Energy Policy Review Georgia 2020 Energy Policy Review INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY The IEA examines IEA member IEA association the full spectrum countries: countries: of energy issues including oil, gas Australia Brazil and coal supply and Austria China demand, renewable Belgium India energy technologies, Canada Indonesia electricity markets, Czech Republic Morocco energy efficiency, Denmark Singapore access to energy, Estonia South Africa demand side Finland Thailand management and France much more. Through Germany its work, the IEA Greece advocates policies Hungary that will enhance Ireland the reliability, Italy affordability and Japan sustainability of Korea energy in its 30 Luxembourg member countries, Mexico 8 association Netherlands countries and New Zealand beyond. Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States The European Commission also participates in the work of the IEA Please note that this publication is subject to specific restrictions that limit its use and distribution. The terms and conditions are available online at www.iea.org/t&c/ Source: IEA. All rights reserved. International Energy Agency Website: www.iea.org Foreword The International Energy Agency (IEA) has been conducting in-depth peer reviews of energy policies of its member countries – and of other countries – since 1976, and it recently modernised these reviews to focus on some of the countries’ key energy transition and security challenges. As the IEA has opened its doors to emerging economies, in-depth reviews have come to play an increasingly prominent role in bilateral collaborations. Georgia is one of the focus countries of the EU4Energy programme, which is implemented FOREWORD by the IEA and the European Union, along with the Energy Community and the Energy Charter, and which includes Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan.
    [Show full text]
  • Heisenberg and the Nazi Atomic Bomb Project, 1939-1945: a Study in German Culture
    Heisenberg and the Nazi Atomic Bomb Project http://content.cdlib.org/xtf/view?docId=ft838nb56t&chunk.id=0&doc.v... Preferred Citation: Rose, Paul Lawrence. Heisenberg and the Nazi Atomic Bomb Project, 1939-1945: A Study in German Culture. Berkeley: University of California Press, c1998 1998. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft838nb56t/ Heisenberg and the Nazi Atomic Bomb Project A Study in German Culture Paul Lawrence Rose UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS Berkeley · Los Angeles · Oxford © 1998 The Regents of the University of California In affectionate memory of Brian Dalton (1924–1996), Scholar, gentleman, leader, friend And in honor of my father's 80th birthday Preferred Citation: Rose, Paul Lawrence. Heisenberg and the Nazi Atomic Bomb Project, 1939-1945: A Study in German Culture. Berkeley: University of California Press, c1998 1998. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft838nb56t/ In affectionate memory of Brian Dalton (1924–1996), Scholar, gentleman, leader, friend And in honor of my father's 80th birthday ― ix ― ACKNOWLEDGMENTS For hospitality during various phases of work on this book I am grateful to Aryeh Dvoretzky, Director of the Institute of Advanced Studies of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, whose invitation there allowed me to begin work on the book while on sabbatical leave from James Cook University of North Queensland, Australia, in 1983; and to those colleagues whose good offices made it possible for me to resume research on the subject while a visiting professor at York University and the University of Toronto, Canada, in 1990–92. Grants from the College of the Liberal Arts and the Institute for the Arts and Humanistic Studies of The Pennsylvania State University enabled me to complete the research and writing of the book.
    [Show full text]
  • Temur Chilachava 1. Education 2. Degree, Position, Publications
    CURRICULUM VITAE (CV) Temur Chilachava Date of Birth: 05. 01. 1959 Work Place: Sokhumi State University Head of the department of applied mathematics Doctor of physical and mathematical sciences, Professor Address: 61 Politkovskaia str., 0186, Tbilisi, Georgia Tel: Web: www.sou.edu.ge Residence: Kvishkheti str., Tbilisi, Georgia Tel: +995 599809058 Email : [email protected] 1. Education 1. Date 1975 – 1980 Institution M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, mechanical- mathematical faculty Specialty mechanics Diploma № Г- I № 342845 (with honors) Degree qualification of "mechanics" 2. Degree, Position, Publications, Participations in Conference Degree PHD of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Diploma FM № 022460, 1985, 3 April, Moscow Degree Doctor of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Diploma № 000786, “Mathematical modeling, numerical methods, complexes of programs”, 05.13.18, 1999, February, Tbilisi Scientific and pedagogical Professor of mathematical physics (01.01.03), the certificate № 0000207, rank 2000, on March 20, (Tbilisi, TSU) 1 Position Professor, head of the department of applied mathematics Sokhumi State University Publications 140 (scientific articles, books, proceedings and theses of conferences) Participations in Conference 48 (74 reports) 3. Work Experience 1. Date 1985 - 1. 04. 1989 Institution Abkhazian state university Position Teacher (PHD of Mathematical and Physical Sciences) algebras, geometry; mathematical analysis departaments 2. Date 14.05. 1989 - 2000 Institution Sokhumi branch of the Tbilisi state university of Ivane Javakhishvili Position the associated professor, head of the department of applied mathematics Date 20.12. 1993 – 25.04.2005 Institution Sokhumi branch of the Tbilisi State University of Ivane Javakhishvili Position Vice-rector 4. Date 2000 - 2008 Institution Sokhumi branch of the Tbilisi State University of Ivane Javakhishvili Position Professor, head of the department of applied mathematics 5.
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: the PRINCIPAL UNCERTAINTY: U.S
    ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: THE PRINCIPAL UNCERTAINTY: U.S. ATOMIC INTELLIGENCE, 1942-1949 Vincent Jonathan Houghton, Doctor of Philosophy, 2013 Dissertation directed by: Professor Jon T. Sumida Department of History The subject of this dissertation is the U. S. atomic intelligence effort against both Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union in the period 1942-1949. Both of these intelligence efforts operated within the framework of an entirely new field of intelligence: scientific intelligence. Because of the atomic bomb, for the first time in history a nation’s scientific resources – the abilities of its scientists, the state of its research institutions and laboratories, its scientific educational system – became a key consideration in assessing a potential national security threat. Considering how successfully the United States conducted the atomic intelligence effort against the Germans in the Second World War, why was the United States Government unable to create an effective atomic intelligence apparatus to monitor Soviet scientific and nuclear capabilities? Put another way, why did the effort against the Soviet Union fail so badly, so completely, in all potential metrics – collection, analysis, and dissemination? In addition, did the general assessment of German and Soviet science lead to particular assumptions about their abilities to produce nuclear weapons? How did this assessment affect American presuppositions regarding the German and Soviet strategic threats? Despite extensive historical work on atomic intelligence, the current historiography has not adequately addressed these questions. THE PRINCIPAL UNCERTAINTY: U.S. ATOMIC INTELLIGENCE, 1942-1949 By Vincent Jonathan Houghton Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2013 Advisory Committee: Professor Jon T.
    [Show full text]
  • 005 – ZKD Letter from Prof. Steenbeck to Prof. Graffi
    ZKD receipt dated 4.11.1971 F.Kruis Philatelic information on the cover: The Central Courier Service'' was a postal service of the Ministry of the Interior of the GDR, operated by the Deutsche Post of the German Democratic Republic. In the midst of the "Cold War", the GDR felt compelled to take measures to secure postal transport for state, administrative and economic authorities, as "secret" had become a key term for the GDR leadership. In February 1952, the Ministry of the Interior set up a postal service for mail between state agencies. These agencies had their mail delivered by a messenger. This mail was transported in an expedited manner, separate from normal mail. It is noteworthy that not only the sender but also the addressee had to be a subscriber; if an addressee was not registered as a subscriber, the letter was stamped as normal mail and processed or returned. For more information, see: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zentraler_Kurierdienst History of the cover: Max Steenbeck - the sender of this letter - was born in Kiel in 1904 and studied chemistry and then physics at the university there. His instructors were the Nobel Prize winners Hans Geiger and Albrecht Kossel, and it was no coincidence that he did his doctorate on measuring the intensity of X-rays. After graduating, he went to Siemens-Schuckert in Berlin, where he became head of the scientific department. There he constructed the first functioning betatron, an electron accelerator used in radiation therapy and radiation tests. He was thus at the cradle of modern radiotherapy and of pioneering basic physics research with the successors to the betatron being known today as particle accelerators.
    [Show full text]
  • German Captured Documents Collection
    German Captured Documents Collection A Finding Aid to the Collection in the Library of Congress Prepared by Allan Teichroew, Fred Bauman, Karen Stuart, and other Manuscript Division Staff with the assistance of David Morris and Alex Sorenson Manuscript Division, Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 2011 Contact information: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/mss.contact Finding aid encoded by Library of Congress Manuscript Division, 2011 Finding aid URL: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/eadmss.ms011148 Latest revision: 2012 October Collection Summary Title: German Captured Documents Collection Span Dates: 1766-1945 ID No.: MSS22160 Extent: 249,600 items ; 51 containers plus 3 oversize ; 20.5 linear feet ; 508 microfilm reels Language: Collection material in German with some English and French Repository: Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Abstract: German documents captured by American military forces after World War II consisting largely of Nazi Party materials, German government and military records, files of several German officials, and some quasi-governmental records. Much of the material is microfilm of originals returned to Germany. Selected Search Terms The following terms have been used to index the description of this collection in the Library's online catalog. They are grouped by name of person or organization, by subject or location, and by occupation and listed alphabetically therein. People Wiedemann, Fritz, b. 1891. Fritz Wiedemann papers. Organizations Akademie für Deutsches Recht (Germany) Allgemeiner Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund. Deutsches Ausland-Institut. Eher-Verlag. Archiv. Germany. Auswärtiges Amt. Germany. Reichskanzlei. Germany. Reichsministerium für die Besetzten Ostgebiete. Germany. Reichsministerium für Rüstung und Kriegsproduktion. Germany. Reichsministerium für Volksaufklärung und Propaganda.
    [Show full text]