Year in Review 2016 Science and Its Applications Have an Enormous Impact on All Our Lives

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Year in review 2016 Science and its applications have an enormous impact on all our lives. To safeguard economic prosperity and social wellbeing it is crucial to have an informed and dynamic relationship between science and society that starts from an early age.

This is why a strong focus of what I would also like to thank Her Majesty I have been privileged to work the Ri does today is to inspire and the Queen for her 64 years of service with a wonderful team of dedicated equip everyone with the confidence, as our Royal Patron, and to welcome staff and trustees over the last desire and resources needed to build HRH The Prince of Wales as our new eight years and to benefit from a lifelong interaction with science. Royal Patron. We look forward to the enthusiasm and commitment working with him in the near future. of the Ri’s thousands of engaged Contents Our work therefore starts at an and loyal patrons, members, early age by engaging young We would not have reached such a supporters and volunteers. All of people and their parents, carers pivotal point in our history without whom provided extraordinary and 3 — Welcome and teachers. And it continues by the commitment of our outgoing invaluable input to help ensure the creating opportunities for adults Chief Executive, Chris Rofe. Under excellence of the Ri’s education 4 — CHRISTMAS LECTURES to engage in critical conversations his leadership the Ri has successfully and heritage programmes. about how science affects our lives. achieved the repayment of our debt 12 — Family learning and provided us with a robust I look forward to seeing the next This is why, for over 200 years, financial foundation. He has led chapter in the Ri’s long history 14 — Public events the Ri has brought the world’s us through a period of significant develop and I will continue to enjoy leading critical thinkers from change and, with the help of the being part of the Ri community as 16 — Schools business, academia and the cultural whole Ri community, has enabled a member and supporter. sector together with the public in our our education programmes to go 22 — Digital engagement famous theatre. By embracing the from strength to strength. I would latest digital technology we have like to thank Chris for his dedication 24 — Our heritage created dynamic conversations and we wish him every success for that are now open to a truly the future. Chris Rofe 26 — Science at home global audience. Chief Executive, 2009–2017 As always we could not do what 27 — Science abroad I am incredibly proud to acknowledge we do without our supporters. what our small and dedicated team I am delighted to see how many 30 — Our Royal Patron of staff and volunteers have achieved. individuals, companies and Together we have been able organisations share our ambitions 31 — Our community to provide transformational for the future and place real value opportunities for young people, on the benefits of our diverse 32 — Our supporters nurture and grow our public education and heritage activities. activities and share our incredible We are enormously grateful for 38 — Our finances heritage with a wide audience. such generosity and look forward to continuing to work with you to make 39 — Our governance a positive and lasting difference.

Sir Richard Sykes FRS 2010– present

Annual review 2016 3 CHRISTMAS LECTURES

For nearly 200 years, the CHRISTMAS LECTURES have “I’m excited that our captured the imagination and curiosity of generations celebration of energy of children by bringing cutting-edge science to life in explains how current a series of entertaining and inspiring shows. cutting-edge research on clean energy technologies Founded in 1825 with the Today, live theatre shows is founded on the Ri’s rich support of Michael Faraday, for 11–17 year olds and heritage of discovery.” one of the UK’s greatest a television broadcast — Saiful Islam, scientists and a pioneering remain at the heart of the 2016 Christmas Lecturer advocate for the public CHRISTMAS LECTURES, engagement of science, but we can now inspire “The CHRISTMAS Lectures the Lectures have been many more millions of have done so much to presented by many of the people in the UK and ignite an interest in world’s leading scientists around the world through science in so many.” including Richard Dawkins, our creative digital content, — Cassian Harrison, Sir David Attenborough, online interaction, hands- Channel Editor, BBC Four Carl Sagan and Dame on workshops, teaching Nancy Rothwell. resources, media “All those eager, engagement and enthusiastic, engaged Our aim with the Lectures international tours. teenagers give me is to encourage and support hope for the future.” young people to observe, In 2016 we celebrated — @maureenkspeller question and explore the a milestone in television world around them, and history by marking the our approach uses daring 80th anniversary of demonstrations, the latest the first ever television technology and hands-on broadcast of the participation to keep the CHRISTMAS LECTURES. “Thank you for creating sparks audience spellbound. in the hearts and minds of children young and old” —BBC Four viewer

Annual review 2016 5 1

‘Supercharged: Fuelling the future’ Celebrating 80 years 2016 CHRISTMAS LECTURES of a television tradition

In this commemorative series, Saiful Islam, Professor “The Lloyd’s Register The CHRISTMAS LECTURES were first broadcast Saiful Islam challenges Richard Dawkins to recreate of Materials Chemistry at the University of Bath, Foundation is proud to on the BBC on 22 December 1936, making them the his famous swinging cannonball took us on a journey through scientific history be a major supporter world’s oldest televised science series and the first demonstration from the 1991 focusing on ’energy’; recreating Michael Faraday’s of the Royal Institution’s programme ever to show scientific experiments. CHRISTMAS LECTURES. [1] famous 19th century experiments in spectacular CHRISTMAS LECTURES in G.I Taylor FRS exhibiting diving 21st century style and reliving classic demos from its special 80th anniversary The CHRISTMAS LECTURES The 15 minute-long recording dress technology during his 1936 CHRISTMAS LECTURES past. year. The 2016 subject of have been broadcast of Christmas Lecturer CHRISTMAS LECTURES on ‘Ships’ [2] energy is also dear to the annually since 1966 thanks Geoffrey Ingram Taylor was In the only reunion of its part series by challenging heart of the Lloyd’s Register to the efforts of Sir David made at the BBC’s studios “Loving the Christmas kind since the CHRISTMAS the young audience to help Foundation. As a charity, Attenborough, the then at Alexandra Palace and Lectures, as ever leaving LECTURES began, Saiful solve one of today’s biggest we share complementary controller of BBC2, and broadcast just seven weeks us amazed & excitedly was joined on-stage by questions – how can we aims with the Ri to connect Sir Lawrence Bragg, the after the opening ceremony discussing the wonder 10 Christmas Lecturers generate the energy our people with the world of then Director of the Ri. But of the BBC’s fledgling of #science.” past spanning 29 years of modern society needs and science and inspiring the remarkably this tradition television service. — @janetfrance television history; Sir John still protect our planet? next generation. As a global first began three decades Meurig Thomas (1987), charity we look forward earlier, as this Radio Times “Watching your Richard Dawkins (1991), Thank you to Lloyd’s to continuing to work with listing from 1936 proves: #xmaslectures, my Tony Ryan OBE (2002), Register Foundation for the Ri to take the Lectures 9-year-old boy told me Monica Grady CBE (2003), being the Major Supporter abroad and maximising “The Royal Institution he finally understood Hugh Montgomery (2007), for our 2016 CHRISTMAS their impact internationally.” lectures are a feature the difference between Mark Miodownik (2010), LECTURES broadcast — Professor Richard Clegg, of the children’s Christmas atoms and ions.” Peter Wothers MBE (2012), and additional resources Chief Executive, Lloyd’s holidays. This year they — @YounghaChang Alison Woollard (2013), inspired by the Lectures Register Foundation are about ships. G.I. Taylor, Danielle George MBE (2014) for students and teachers. F.R.S., is giving the series. and Kevin Fong (2015). This afternoon he will The 2016 CHRISTMAS explain, with actual Saiful also explored the LECTURES were produced experiments, why ships powerhouse of the human by Windfall Films Ltd for roll in a rough sea.” body and ended the three- BBC Four. 2

1.7million viewers on BBC Four

6 The Royal Institution Annual review 2016 73% watch with their families

70% said that the CHRISTMAS A perspective from behind-the-scenes LECTURES had a significant impact on their attitude towards science In celebration of the 80th anniversary since our first “One of our key messages we try to get across is that In the 2013 CHRISTMAS LECTURES, science isn’t finished. The Lecturer doesn’t know Alison Woollard explored the broadcast, we conducted an online survey to help record frontiers of developmental the lasting impact the Lectures have had on people’s lives. everything and there are many questions still puzzling biology in ‘Life Fantastic’ [1] us. Why would young people want to become scientists if we already knew all the answers?” The CHRISTMAS Which demos are the most What would you like to — Gail Cardew, Ri Professor of Science, LECTURES are important memorable for you? say to the CHRISTMAS Culture and Society to me because... · The ones where they get LECTURES team? · They opened my eyes to audience members to do · I am in the final year of A Christmas Lecturer’s perspective the discipline of science them because you can a Chemistry PhD, and I and the opportunities for imagine trying them genuinely believe that the “My year as Christmas Lecturer was a rollercoaster of women within this largely at home. CHRISTMAS LECTURES excitement, fear, fun and incredulity, in equal measures. male environment. · Eric Laithwaite’s magnetic sparked a passion for Would I encourage other scientists to venture out of the · They make me question levitation was magical and science at a very influential lab? Yes. The impression that has stayed with me the most how things work in set me well on my way to time in my development. is people’s hunger for knowledge and their excitement the world and what career in engineering. There is so much to learn when they make a new connection. Not just in relation is important. · A snippet of Attenborough’s and the Lectures gave an to scientific ideas, but about the scientific process. · They allowed me to share 1973 series on the insight in an inclusive, the wonder of science language of animals in non-elitist manner. I strongly believe that science must be more strongly with my children and learn which he plays the calls of · The ability to translate embedded in society, not ‘just’ as a crucial driver of together. The Lectures songbirds and remarks in complex ideas and issues economic competitiveness and improved healthcare, often led to us searching an eye-opening manner into plain language is but also as an important cultural ambition; the pursuit for books, visiting on their frequency and a gift. Well done. of knowledge is a defining human activity. museums or attending other characteristics. · Please don’t ever stop events that broadened The elegance of nature doing this, it is part of We also need to inspire the next generation at a time when our understanding. depicted in this Lecture will the spacetime fabric the stakes are very high. Why should they study particle stay with me for some time of this country. physics or bird migration? Our passion as scientists is the What do you think the to come. answer and I would encourage everyone in our community CHRISTMAS LECTURES · The photographs shown in Statistics and quotes from to let that shine through.” a December 2016 survey, 1 contribute to UK culture? the 1977 Lecture started a 578 respondents — Alison Woollard, 2013 Christmas Lecturer · They reiterate that science lifelong fascination with and technology are the scale of the universe. accessible to all regardless · How to transport the sense of background, age of touch and smell via a or gender. communication device · They spark debate. in the 2014 Lectures! I · They demonstrate the imagined holding my aged central role that UK parents’ hands and smelling makes to science my mother’s home cooking research world-wide. in Japan as I talked with them by Skype.

8 Annual review 2016 9 3 1

International reach

To complement the television broadcast, the Ri “Oh how wonderful! In this animation about the first law An advent calendar of thermodynamics, chemist Andrea again produced its annual multi-platform digital Sella uses Richard Feynman’s classic advent calendar with 24 pieces of original content of scientific curiosities analogy of an evolving negotiation from @ri_science” over toy blocks between a mother being released daily throughout December. YouTube and son to explain the conservation — Maria Popova on of energy. [1] volunteers translated Twitter, author of popular The 2016 advent calendar All the films were subtitled our advent films blog brainpickings.org We collaborated with chemical brought to life the topic of in English, and YouTube into Spanish, engineer Valeska Ting from the energy by looking at the four volunteers provided Portuguese, University of Bristol to make laws of thermodynamics translations in German, “Physics teachers: might German and four of our 2016 advent films. In be nice to share these one of her films, she uses a little through experiments, short Italian, Portuguese Italian hydrogen, a few balloons and films, animations and even and Spanish. short #Riadvent videos a couple of makeshift rockets, on thermodynamics to explain what the first law of a song. thermodynamics is, and why it with your students.” matters to our lives. Such a diversity of [2 and 5] Aimed at 18–35 year olds, languages and platforms — @alomshaha the content was released enabled us to reach a “How amazing that these Science troubadour Jonny via a dedicated hub on global audience, engaging Berliner contributed a catchy the Ri website and shared them with the broad basic principles describe musical tribute to the first law so much, it’s breathtaking.” of thermodynamics, and energy on social media via YouTube, topics of the Lectures. 4 itself, to our advent calendar Facebook, Twitter, Vimeo — YouTube viewer with his unique song ‘Energy!’[3] and Medium. We teamed up with YouTuber Tom Scott to provide three simple CHRISTMAS LECTURES on tour ways to debunk persistent claims of perpetual motion, a popular but incorrect concept which For more than 20 years, In 2012 the Lectures went violates the fundamental laws 24 of our universe. [4] the CHRISTMAS LECTURES’ to Singapore for the first pieces of team has travelled to Japan time in partnership with the digital content the summer after the Singapore Science Centre, original broadcast to repeat and the Lectures appeared the live shows which are on MediaCorp TV. We were 480,000 80% views of viewers also televised on Japanese delighted to repeat this 2 were from outside the UK National TV through the tour in 2016. support of Yomiuri Shimbun. 5 2

10 11 Family learning Ri Summer Schools

Research has shown that family involvement is vital to “An understanding and Our hugely popular and interactive Ri Summer Schools Viola makes a homemade lava lamp in our ExpeRimental nurturing positive attitudes to science, which is why we appreciation of science bring to life all areas of science, mathematics, computing chemistry series. [1] have developed a strong focus on family activities. Our is more important than it and engineering, and are delivered by expert speakers exciting events, immersive workshops and confidence- ever was… This Institution from the worlds of academia, industry and education. “Fun, inspiring and thought- building online resources act as a catalyst for families has a marvellous record of provoking. I also loved to create an environment that encourages and guides bringing the understanding Workshops are tailored In 2016 we delivered 95 seeing ordinary people’s a child’s natural curiosity towards a lifelong of science to children.” to different age groups Summer Schools. Our kitchens full of all the stuff appreciation of science. — Sir David Attenborough from 7–18 and the topics partner The Potential Trust and clutter we have too! Ri Member and focus on the real life provided grants to enable Makes it all seem realistic Family Fun Days Family Fun Days. Our thanks Christmas Lecturer applications of the subject, 23 young people to attend and achievable.” Our Family Fun Days turn to students and researchers such as forensic science, who would otherwise have — Parent our historic London home from the Royal Veterinary crash-testing and coding. been unable to afford to. into a giant laboratory, College who attended all Find out more about our packed with hands-on 2016 events. ExpeRimental events and resources for experiments and thrilling families at rigb.org/families demonstrations for children Family workshops and talks 2795 workshop ExpeRimental is our series of short films that make it aged 6–12 and their In 2016, we expanded our attendees fun, easy and cheap to do science at home with children families. Our 2016 events family programme and aged 4–10. All 20 of the experiments released to date are were; ‘How to survive in delivered 114 events across 5100 designed to encourage natural curiosity and support a space’ in February inspired the year. Ri talks attendees child-led investigation of the world around them through by the 2015 CHRISTMAS observation, questioning and play. LECTURES, ‘Imaginative These included 93 hands-on inventions’ in May, and workshops inspired by our 2093 By sharing ExpeRimental In 2017, we will release a ‘Surprising senses’ Ri Masterclasses in computer Family Fun Day 859,000 attendees films through the Ri new set of 10 ExpeRimental in October. science, engineering and views since 2014 website, YouTube and a films, including two created mathematics, 21 laboratory dedicated Facebook page, with students at a primary Our February event was workshops in our L’Oréal we have reached a truly school in Tower Hamlets, attended by Xinhua TV Young Scientist Centre 2185 international audience. thanks to the support of the 20 agency who recorded a and 16 talks in our world- Summer Schools films released attendees British Psychological Society. to date 1 feature explaining the famous theatre. impact of our hands-on approach to engaging Our family events take families with science, place during weekday for the Chinese news evenings, over the 12,183 channel CNC World. weekends and during attendees in total half-term and other school A loyal and enthusiastic holidays to provide as much group of volunteers give flexibility as possible for their time to support our busy parents and carers.

12 The Royal Institution Annual review 2016 80 events in 2016

Public events Ri talks

We believe the benefits, consequences and future “I’ve really enjoyed chairing In 2016 we welcomed the return of four Christmas Oxford physicist Suzie Sheehy presents her Discourse 'Accelerators directions of science must be shared with the wider at the Ri and bringing Lecturers past, Chris Bishop, Marcus Du Sautoy, reimagined' in June 2016 [1] public: there are questions that cannot be answered by original ideas to suggest Ian Stewart and Kevin Fong, in honour of the 80th scientists alone and a diversity of viewpoints is vital. for events. Its combination anniversary since the Lectures first appeared on the BBC. of illustrious history and “The one thing I will For over 200 years, the The most famous science the wondrous intimacy of Our talks continued to Collaborations in 2016 remember about this event Royal Institution has lecture theatre in the world its unique theatre makes bring science, society included the JBS Haldane is the amazing way in which brought together Nobel still hosts the very best it a very special place for and culture together in Lecture on evolutionary the speaker was able to Laureates, cutting-edge of today’s influential and debate. And it’s especially compelling fashion with genetics by Aoife McLysaght make the complex simple researchers and critical intellectually stimulating satisfying to see the faces Dame Sally Davies, UK delivered in partnership to understand. She showed thinkers from across conversations, and these of younger first time visitors Chief Medical Officer, and with the Genetics Society; great command and industry, education, policy are now shared with a in the rows of seats, drawn Dame Julia Slingo, Chief our ‘Operating at the enthusiasm for her subject and the arts to discuss global audience through the by a particular event or talk, Scientist at the Met Office, boundaries’ series which was infectious. major issues facing society. Ri Channel and YouTube. and then discovering its each exploring the real supported by It almost made me want special atmosphere.” life implications of cutting- QuantumBlack; and a to leap up and become Our events include our — Samira Ahmed, edge research on policy, panel discussion with the a geneticist!” Discourses; short courses BBC journalist whilst Man Booker Prize 2016 Brain Prize winners — Attendee of Aoife which allow a rich and winning author Ian McEwan Timothy Bliss, Graham McLysaght’s JBS deep exploration of complex “Michael Faraday has examined the concept Collingridge and Richard Haldane Lecture subjects; multidisciplinary long been a hero of mine. of self and Fields Medal Morris was broadcast to Ri Patron events; and Walking out into that winner Cédric Villani millions via the popular Subscribe via iTunes, a science-themed book theatre was a genuine delved into the history BBC Radio 4 programme SoundCloud or your podcast club called Fiction Lab. thrill, and one of the of mathematics. ‘All in the Mind’. app of choice. Search for highlights of my career. ‘Ri Science Podcast’ Whatever else happens, Ri podcast I can always say that I 1 followed in his footsteps. In autumn 2016, we launched our first podcast, continuing The Ri is a beautiful space our long tradition of experimenting with new platforms to lecture in, but it was for public science, expanding accessibility to our unique also a great audience, content, and broadening our global community. they were warm and generous, and full of In the first six months, a Jim Al-Khalili and comedian 17,341 excellent questions. diverse mix of nine Ri Talks Ben Miller and ‘My life downloads I was also happy to see from recent years have in science’, an interview such a diverse audience.” been adapted as podcasts with Christmas Lecturer — David Tong, including ‘The aliens are past Richard Dawkins theoretical physicist coming’ with physicist by fellow evolutionary biologist Alice Roberts.

1 The Royal Institution Annual review 2016 15 Schools

Young people are the decision makers, citizens and “Most of our children scientists of the future. How science is viewed and never venture beyond our valued by society in the future depends on the next locality and opportunities generation’s imagination, curiosity and critical thinking. to experience wildlife and nature are very limited. The This belief underpins all secondary, sixth form, chicks activity was chosen our national education university and beyond in because we believed our programmes which begin order to foster a lifelong children would be inspired at pre-school and stretch journey of curiosity- to see a real life cycle in through to primary, driven learning. front of their eyes. We want to widen their views of the STEM enrichment grants world around them and the value of caring for living Thanks to The Clothworkers’ facilitated by trusted things and each other” Foundation and the experts that would be — Reception teacher Causeway Foundation, impossible otherwise. and STEM enrichment we awarded grants to 85 Funded activities included grant recipient, Leeds UK schools in deprived the visit of a mobile areas. This support enabled planetarium, an opportunity teachers to provide their for a reception class to students with an interactive watch chicks hatch, and a science experience hands-on coding session.

Technology: a world of possibilities

In collaboration with EY, the ideas and highlighting “You have planted the seed Ri held a free conference in women who have had a June for 200 young people profound impact on their that will help create the next from across our education discipline. Our keynote programme, and those new speaker was engineer Abbie generation of scientists” to the Ri, to celebrate gender Hutty from Airbus Defence diversity in the technology and Space and our careers —Parent of a sector. The day was aimed fair featured JP Morgan, at inspiring students to IBM, EY Smart Future, Primary Mathematics continue their journey Ada College, Kano and through science by sparking Brain Labs. Masterclasses attendee discussions, exchanging

Annual review 2016 17 1 Science in schools Feedback from teachers

13,000 An ‘Explosive food’ show presented Science in Schools aims to excite and inspire a passion young people Our shows have received fantastic feedback from by Dan Plane at the Ben Jonson around science in young people by bringing live science teachers across the country. Here is just a snapshot Primary School in Tower Hamlets. experiments and demonstrations into schools and of what they’ve told us. [1, 2 and 3] communities in every corner of the UK. Our specially 121 trained, enthusiastic science presenters demonstrate shows “The students love seeing just how exciting science “It was fun because of the the importance of science and its relevance to our daily can be. We have built on our relationship with the exploding jelly babies!” lives to young people who might not think that science Royal Institution over the last two years, and our — Nathaniel, age 9, is for them. participation has had an incredible impact on the Peterborough standards of the science teaching and learning The programme was Our programme Our Continuing Professional experience within the Academy.” To find out more and created in 2015 in response We deliver primary and Development (CPD) sessions to book a show, visit to research which shows secondary level school equip teachers with the “We have a small school, only one class group per rigb.org/education or that young people are shows for audiences in skills and confidence to year, and these shows are really able to bring a email [email protected] often turning away the tens or hundreds, with stimulate curiosity and subject alive for the children, spark their interest from pursuing science, teachers choosing between encourage inquiry-led (hopefully, for a career in the sciences), and make technology, engineering ‘Explosive food’ and ‘Feel learning through practical for more diverse educational experiences.” and mathematics subjects the power’. In spring 2017, hands-on science. in their studies, lives or we will launch a new “The group loved your presenter, oscillating wildly careers, and that there show based on the 2016 Our partnerships between rapt and silent attention to enthusiastic is a lower uptake of CHRISTMAS LECTURES, In 2016, we received cheering and volunteering; they left having been science subjects among thanks to support from support to deliver shows inspired and well educated.” young people from less Lloyd’s Register Foundation. in disadvantaged areas in affluent backgrounds*. Newcastle thanks to the “The children were agog! My personal favourite Our community show Shears Foundation and in was when the experiments didn’t work or did work To help reverse this ‘Bringing Science to Life’ Hertfordshire thanks to the a bit too enthusiastically. We’re so used to boring, trend, our aim is to provides a whistle-stop John Apthorp charity. We safe, predictable things that it was great to have spark a lifelong interest tour of key scientific also partnered with Essex a bit of the unknown.” in science from an early discoveries made at the County Council to deliver age, to support hands- Royal Institution including shows in this region. on science participation live demonstrations of the in the classroom, and to experiments that led to *WISE, “Not for people like me?”, November 2014 encourage families to talk their discovery. at home about science and its opportunities for young people. 66 2 schools 3

41 CPD sessions

18 The Royal Institution 19 L’Oréal Young Scientist Centre Ri Masterclasses

In 2016 the LYSC team delivered 153 workshops “For L’Oréal, science is Our Masterclass programme opens young people’s Young people learning how to make their own speaker as part for schools and other groups from the UK and as our past, present and eyes to the diversity of mathematics, engineering and of an Engineering Masterclass. [1] far afield as Australia, Indonesia, Spain and Japan. future. Our business is computer science. Keen young people all over the UK grounded in innovation meet regularly on Saturday mornings to solve problems Our workshops last up to One focuses on the and invention and we with top experts in academia and industry. Feedback “I really enjoyed the six hours and are carefully retro science of pinhole are committed to using from parents and teachers tells us that this programme Masterclass topics we crafted to encourage photography and the other, our resources to build increases the confidence of young people and encourages studied as well as meeting scientific discovery and supported by the UK Space confidence in science them to take on more learning opportunities in these other people my age curiosity-driven learning. Agency, uses a Mars Rover for people of all ages, important subject areas. who are interested in In 2016, we introduced to explore programming abilities, background mathematics. I go to a two new workshops, and analytical chemistry. and genders. The L’Oréal This national programme This included nine small school and am the bringing our total to 14. Young Scientist Centre at of Masterclasses, stretching new series of Primary only person doing further the Ri has been testament from Jersey to Aberdeen, Mathematics Masterclasses maths, so there is never Our reach to our commitment and draws on the support launching across Southwark, anyone to talk to about we are excited to see that and enthusiasm of a vast Greenwich, Lewisham, random mathematical things with at school. Our UK outreach activities more than 4,500 young young people across the and diverse network of Hackney and Tower Hamlets. country have had the volunteers and supporters A secondary Mathematics took us to the Cheltenham people since it opened I am now certain I Science Festival and the in 2015. A highlight of opportunity to think more encompassing parents, Masterclasses collaboration deeply about science teachers, researchers, with Open University, will apply for maths at Butlin’s holiday camps in our international outreach university. I have a general Minehead and Bognor Regis. was our visit to Kazakhstan through this team’s industry professionals, supported by the Aldgate activities with Butlin’s university students and Allhallows Foundation, curiosity about how and The UCLan & Ri Young where we delivered science why things work, be it a Scientist Centre in Preston shows and workshops Science Zones and the and funders. brought mathematical Cheltenham Festival.” elements of robotics to formula or geometry or continues to grow, reaching to 600 children. planets, so I will never — Karina O’Gorman, In 2016, our programme deprived areas of London. Head of Corporate Social stop learning new Our impact grew to 157 series across things until I have learnt Responsibility at L’Oréal the country, with priority UK & Ireland everything there is to When asked how they felt towards science in a for expansion being placed know about everything!” about their experience, positive or very positive on regions with high levels — Izzy, age 17 “It really lets you of deprivation. 66% of workshop way and 31% stated no experience how things attendees said it had change as they already are in a science lab.” changed their attitude liked science. — Muharak, age 14 2000 schools “This has confirmed my desire to become 1 59 a scientist!” universities 6070 — Nishant, age 10 young people

20 The Royal Institution 21 16,476 views on 178,362 Facebook Digital views on YouTube and the Ri Channel engagement Case study

The Royal Institution has always been at the leading “This channel got me In 2016 we collaborated with the Science One 2016 animation, voiced by Helen Czerski, told the story of the edge of using the latest technology to communicate interested in things and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) and cartographer Marie Tharp whose maps science to the public. Two centuries ago, this was I never imagined I physicist Suzie Sheehy to explore the wide revealed the oceans’ hidden depths.[1] through publishing lectures in journals and we own would care about.” world of particle accelerators in a film series: audio recordings on wax cylinders dating back almost a — YouTube viewer ‘Accelerators for humanity.’ “The two-way engagement hundred years. Today, digital technology is transforming with the audience in how people of all ages and backgrounds communicate. “It’s like the TV station Our shared aims were to The films received fantastic live events and through I’ve always wanted increase public awareness feedback from viewers, YouTube has brought up We are embracing this Our ambition is to build to exist” of particle accelerator 53% of whom categorised some great questions fast-paced, ever evolving on our growing reputation — YouTube viewer research and its wider themselves as having only that have helped me think medium and experimenting as a digital leader through applications among the a general interest in science about certain aspects of my with it to bring science to life an expert-led approach general public, help the and 60% of whom were research and how I explain in new and surprising ways. of in-depth research, accelerator research aged 18–35. The films were it to various audiences.” We continue to embed it analysis, collaboration community showcase their shared beyond Ri platforms — Suzie Sheehy across everything we do in and experimentation. work, and stimulate young on sites such as Popular order to open up our work people’s interest and Mechanics, Engadget, to a truly global audience. “The Ri has done an curiosity in particle Nerdist, BoingBoing exceptional job producing accelerators and a desire and Futurism. these entertaining films Highlights of 2016 to learn about them. highlighting the impact An event aimed to share of particle accelerators It is important for us to telling heritage stories and The project consisted of learning from the project on our everyday lives” colaborate with likeminded teaching science, achieving nine videos released on within the particle — Elizabeth Cunningham, 444 YouTube and the Ri Channel; accelerator community individuals from all sectors. 217,000 views. films released STFC Particle and Nuclear In 2016 this included the to date including recordings of was held at Oxford Physics Physics Outreach Officer YouTube star Tom Scott, Ri films were featured on a Discourse and a panel and attended by 30 industry songwriter Jonny Berliner, news sites the Independent debate held in front of a professionals. A project live audience in the Ri’s summary and resources “I used to think accelerators and BBC science and MailOnline; debated are just the tools for commentators Helen on forums such as Reddit; theatre, an animation, have been accepted to the and four short films. 8th International Particle understanding quantum Czerski and Hannah Fry. highlighted as a staff pick 250,000 mechanics, cosmology etc. YouTube subscribers Accelerator Conference on Vimeo and shared on But what I came to know to date 2017 (IPAC), the biggest We want to reach out to cultural and family sites is that they have medical people on platforms they including Gizmodo, Aeon international conference in the accelerator field, research applications, if you already visit to reach people and The Kids Should add that there are a lot of who may not consider See This. taking place in May 2017 in Denmark. real life benefits for people” science as an area of primary — YouTube viewer interest or relevance. YouTube volunteers have

In 2016, we experimented now translated our videos *Stats as of 21 February 2017 with video on Facebook, into 17 languages, 76 times.

1 22 23 1 Our heritage

Bragg film archive Michael Faraday (1791–1867) is one In 2016 our unique collection of Michael Faraday’s “The wide diffusion of of the most significant figures of original laboratory notebooks in which he charts some knowledge about science British history, having transformed In 2016 we gave a new lease of life to previously unseen our understanding of the world of the most important physical and chemical discoveries is so important that the footage associated with Sir William Henry Bragg and with the discoveries he made in made during the 19th century, were inscribed on the art of doing so is well the basement laboratory of the Sir William Lawrence Bragg, a father and son team Royal Institution. Coming from a UNESCO UK Memory of the World Register. worth learning!” forever linked with the history of the Ri, with the launch humble background, Faraday was — Sir Lawrence Bragg of an online film collection. a leading advocate for public science education and our supporters make The Royal Institution holds documents in June 2016. it possible for us to continue his legacy today. [1] a shelf mile of archive boxes This gives them the same The films reveal the and a moving glimpse containing the working status as Magna Carta, Nobel Prize winning pair’s into his personal life Find out more about papers of the many Ri the Bill of Rights, Dorothy role in the development as he interacts with his natural philosophers and Wordsworth’s diary and of the field of X-ray grandchildren in the the Ri’s history at rigb.org/our-history scientists whose discoveries the Wedgwood archive, crystallography, and their outtake snippets of helped shape the modern and are among only a passion for sharing the ‘50 Years a Winner’. world, including Humphry few inscribed documents wonders of science with Davy, Michael Faraday, dealing with science the younger generation. Originally recorded on John Tyndall, James Dewar, and engineering. William and Lawrence 16mm reels, these films George Porter and more. were Directors of the have now been digitised Faraday’s notes record Davy Faraday Research and shared online via the Our archives received his experiments and Laboratory over different Ri Channel and YouTube formal recognition when developing theoretical periods, and keen advocates for everyone anywhere the 10 volumes of Faraday’s ideas from 1820 until 1862 for science communication, in the world to enjoy. laboratory notebooks including the formulation expanding the Ri’s were inscribed on the of the field theory of 72 educational activities and The digitisation of the unseen UNESCO Memory of electro-magnetism, archive films founding our first schools’ original film canisters the World register of that cornerstone of lecture programme. has saved them from internationally significant modern physics. deterioration, meaning Highlights of the collection they can again serve the include a wonderful insight aim for which they were 7500 13 Journeys through Space and Time copies of 13 Journeys into Lawrence Bragg’s created: to impart the spirit through Space and Time sold experimentation with bubble of scientific questioning In 2016 we published a literary exploration of 13 of the most models and soap films, and understanding. captivating CHRISTMAS LECTURES on space and time.

Packed full of unique has been discovered since. Ri archive content such The book is published by as handwritten letters, Michael O’Mara Books and photographs and written by Colin Stuart, transcripts, the book with a foreword from British explores what we thought ESA astronaut Tim Peake. we knew then and what

24 The Royal Institution Annual review 2016 Science Science at home abroad

Christmas Lecturer Danielle George presented school The 2015 CHRISTMAS LECTURES ‘How to survive and family shows in Edinburgh inspired by the 2014 in space’ travelled to Japan and Singapore for live series ‘How to hack your home’ thanks to the Royal events for schoolchildren and a national television Academy of Engineering, with more shows in Salford broadcast, thanks to Yoimuri Shimbun and the and Cardiff in 2017. Singapore Science Centre.

Our L’Oréal Young Scientist We delivered 121 Science in The L’Oréal Young Ri staff continued to share Centre team presented Schools shows nationwide Scientist Centre team their expertise and learning hands-on science workshops and our STEM enrichment presented science shows with peers. Professor of for 3,500 young people at grants enabled 35 UK to 600 young people in Science, Culture and Society Butlin’s holiday camps in schools in disadvantaged Kazakhstan and hosted Gail Cardew held advisory Bognor Regis and Minehead, areas to provide an expert- workshops in London roles for the EuroScience and hosted workshops in led hands-on science activity. for groups from Australia, Open Forum (ESOF) in London for groups from Indonesia, Japan and Spain. Toulouse, Sciencesquared Suffolk, Isle of Man and People travelled to our 121 in Brussels and the County Durham. public events in London Science in Schools shows nationwide We partnered with Gothenburg Science from as far away as the Swedish Embassy Festival. Public Programme Our Ri Masterclasses Glasgow, Liverpool, to present an event Manager Martin Davies in computer science, Belfast and Penzance. For with Nobel Prize winner spoke with science engineering and 66 schools Tomas Lindahl, and other educators in Colombia mathematics consist international speakers thanks to the British of 157 series running in our theatre included Council and Professor Ri films across the country which have been Nobel Prize winner Art of the History of Science translated into are supported by 59 McDonald from Canada, Frank James presented 17 languages UK universities. mathematician Cédric at leading academic Villani from France, NASA conferences in Canada, astronaut Mike Massimino Brazil and Czech Republic. and physicist Sean Carroll 85 from the USA, geneticist Our YouTube audience STEM enrichment Aoife McLysaght from covers 222 countries 222 grants to disadvantaged the Republic of Ireland, and territories and countries and schools and popular science our content has been territories reached communicator Dr Karl translated into 17 through YouTube from Australia. languages, 76 times.

26 Annual review 2016 27 Our international reach

Education and Ri Members heritage outreach Australia Australia Canada Belgium Czech Republic Canada France Colombia Germany Czech Republic Hong Kong France Republic of Ireland Indonesia India Kazakhstan Indonesia Japan Italy Republic of Ireland Japan Singapore The Netherlands Spain Poland Sweden Qatar UK Spain USA South Africa Turkey UK USA

Our 2016 YouTube audience

Countries Views Proportion United States 7,656,760 35% United Kingdom 2,913,909 13% Canada 1,165,393 5.3% Germany 844,636 3.9% Australia 831,674 3.8% India 631,604 2.9% Netherlands 477,041 2.2% Sweden 352,692 1.6% Poland 343,644 1.6% Brazil 307,717 1.4%

28 The Royal Institution Annual review 2016 29 Our 1 Our Royal Patron community

Thank you to Her Majesty The Queen for 64 glorious Alexander Blaikley’s “I came to some Christmas lithograph of Michael Faraday Ri Members years as the Royal Institution’s Royal Patron. lecturing before the Prince Lectures as a child and Consort, Prince of Wales and watched most of the Prince Alfred at an 1855 Ri Members have been at the heart of the Ri since 1810 Ever since 1799, when Some of The Queen’s Christmas Lecture. [1] and we are proud that membership has always been open rest on TV. I’m so glad I the Royal Institution ancestors, notably the to all. Their financial support, advocacy for our work and reconnected with the Ri was founded, the British Prince Consort and his HM The Queen using personal passion for sharing the wonders of science are fifteen years ago because monarch has been our son the Prince of Wales Faraday’s induction ring to it has provided some of the officially open the Michael vital in helping us deliver our mission. Royal Patron. HM The (later Edward VII), also Faraday Museum in 1972. [2] most interesting, engaging Queen took on this role took an active interest Today, our community These included discounts and thought-provoking in 1952 and in 2016, after in the Ri, with both is made up of 5 000 Ri to the Science Museum’s events I have been to. It’s a 64 years of dedicated serving as Vice-Patrons. Members from the UK and ‘Cosmonauts’ exhibition real thrill to sit in the same support, she has decided The Prince Consort beyond. Our youngest in January 2016 following theatre where Faraday gave to pass the role on to HRH brought his two older member is five years old, the 2015 CHRISTMAS his talks and listen to world The Prince of Wales as she sons to attend Michael our oldest is 96 years old LECTURES ‘How to experts discuss their work. reduces her commitments. Faraday’s CHRISTMAS and our longest standing survive in space’; the live I have come on my own, LECTURES in 1855 which member has supported us New Scientist festival in with my wife, with friends The Queen was the first was famously painted by for 60 years. September which featured and with my children, now reigning monarch to visit Alexander Blaikley and many popular Ri speakers; a software engineer and an the Ri when she officially used on the £20 Faraday In 2016, we were proud and the Royal Court’s undergraduate physicist. opened the new Michael note issued by the Bank to partner with a diverse thought-provoking play I think the Ri played a role Faraday Museum in 1973. of England in the 1990s. range of science and cultural ‘The Children’ at the in helping them discover As Princess she had organisations to help feed end of the year which the excitement of science already visited to attend The Ri community would our members’ fascination explored a post- and technology.” a Discourse in 1950 and like to thank The Queen with the world around them. nuclear world. — Ri Member would later visit three more for her valuable support times: in 1988 as part of the and enthusiasm given over 2 “I recommend the Ri to celebrations to mark the so many years, and we everyone irrespective 175th anniversary of the look forward to working of their social status, Royal Philharmonic Society, with our new Royal Patron, professional discipline in 1999 as part of the events HRH The Prince of Wales, or anything else.” to mark the bicentenary to share the wonders of Ri Members 87% — Ri Member of the Royal Institution’s science with even more describe the Ri as would recommend founding and in 2008 people around the world. us to others To find out more about knowledgeable , to open the newly inspiring, Ri Membership please refurbished building. trustworthy & visit rigb.org/join or entertaining contact our Membership 77% team on 020 7491 6588 see themselves as Ri Members in five or [email protected]. years’ time Source for all data: 2016/17 online survey of Ri Members (18+)

30 Annual review 2016 31 1 Our supporters

Saiful Islam from the Our supporters form a group of our close advocates University of Bath presents Here two of our supporters explain why they who help us inspire people to think more deeply about the explosive 2016 CHRISTMAS chose to support the Royal Institution. LECTURES ‘Supercharged: the wonders and applications of science. They provide Fuelling the future’ on a vital source of income that supports a whole range BBC Four. [1] of core activities across the Ri. ‘The CHRISTMAS LECTURES have inspired generations Ri Mathematics Masterclass of children at precisely the right moment in their lives. students measuring distances I avidly watched them when I was young and many This vibrant community With their support we on globes to investigate scientists have told me that they were pivotal in the is made up of individuals, provide high quality public spherical geometry and learn about its application in the real direction they chose. The excellent 2016 CHRISTMAS companies and organisations science events to thousands world, such as navigation. [2] LECTURES have clearly inspired another generation.’ from a diverse range of of people each year; are able — Simon Bittleston, Vice-President of Research, backgrounds including to extend the reach of the Find out more about Schlumberger business, academia CHRISTMAS LECTURES to supporting the Ri at and culture. many more schools and rigb.org/support ‘The Company of Actuaries Charitable Trust (CACT) is families and grow our digital delighted to support the Ri Mathematics Masterclasses In return for their and outreach programmes which have inspired a number of actuaries to pursue generosity, our supporters to ensure every young mathematical careers. Our three year partnership receive access to exclusive person has the opportunity from 2014 to 2017 aims to double the reach of our Ri events; behind-the-scenes to experience a positive Mathematics Masterclasses for talented upper secondary tours; and the opportunity interaction with science. school students in London from 400 to 800 young to attend our annual people and to provide both funding and the professional Faraday Dinner with skills and personal enthusiasm of volunteers from the eminent speakers. Company to help achieve this goal. We very much hope that, by supporting more Ri Mathematics Masterclasses 2016 CHRISTMAS LECTURES for secondary school children, we will fire enthusiasm in the next generation of actuaries.’ Thank you to our 2016 of supporters Johnson — Sally Bridgeland, Master Actuary 2016–2017 CHRISTMAS LECTURES Matthey, Schlumberger, major supporter Lloyd’s University of Bath Register Foundation and EPSRC for and our community their generosity. 2

32 The Royal Institution Annual review 2016 Ri Patrons Your impact

Ri Patrons are a community of loyal supporters who “I was extremely honoured Here are just a few examples of the positive impact To find out more value a deeper connection with science. Through their to speak in such an your support is enabling. please contact generosity we are able to continue in our work connecting illustrious venue, being [email protected] people with science through a range of different media aware of its strong historical “After a year of incredibly hard work and with thanks to the or visit rigb.org/join and activities. From our annual BBC broadcast of the connection with the dedication and resolve of our teaching staff to ensure CHRISTMAS LECTURES to our schools and community foundations of science, science became established as a core subject; we were outreach programmes, the Ri has been inspiring people, and feeling that I was awarded the Gold Primary Science Quality Mark. A large young and old, for over 200 years, and with your help somehow also involved part of our success was the Royal Institution visit which we can continue to do so. and adding to that legacy inspired teachers, children and parents to love science. in a minuscule fashion.” We had overwhelming support from our parents, a mainly From just £350 a year world-class researchers — Dr Tristan Fletcher, Pakistani heritage community. 130 children and parents you can deepen your and exciting innovators Managing Director at returned to school to attend the Ri’s science community relationship with the Ri discuss a range of disciplines Invinio, Head of Machine show. To put this in perspective, only 13 parents in total and receive a wide range from the engineering secrets Learning and Financial attended the end of year productions the same year.” of rewarding benefits. behind Crossrail and the Engineering at Thought — Headteacher, Peterborough This includes access to our cognitive neuroscience Machine and 2016 Ri exclusive Ri Patron event of music, to forensic Patron event speaker “[Your Science in Schools presenter] was absolutely series where you will fingerprinting and amazing. His presentation skills were second to none and hear industry leaders, machine intelligence. he had such a natural way with our children. He was happy to sit with our children at lunch time and answered all of Did you know? their science questions. This made a big difference to us and our children have been raving about the event for The Royal Institution was founded in 1799 by 58 the last two days which isn’t the response we usually individuals who were united by a desire to ‘diffuse get from children with autism spectrum disorder.” knowledge for the common purposes of life’ and — Teacher from a school for children with speech, we continue to be guided by this principle today. language and communication needs, Kent

“My daughter has really enjoyed the opportunity of exploring maths away from the school curriculum. Meeting and working with older students and being introduced to university facilities and surroundings has been very worthwhile. She loved the session on the relationship between maths and music. At her next violin lesson she discussed it with her violin teacher and I feel it opened a door into a new world for her” — Parent of a Secondary Mathematics Masterclass attendee, Liverpool

34 The Royal Institution Annual review 2016 35 Donate You can make a donation to the Royal Institution online through our JustGiving page or by sending in a cheque payable to ‘The Royal Institution’. Thank you Become an Ri Patron We would like to extend a huge thank you to our Help us open minds to science Deepen your engagement with the Ri and join a group of philanthropic Trustees, donors, corporate supporters, patrons, members, individuals who help open minds volunteers and visitors. As an independent charity we rely The Royal Institution is an independent charity and it to science. There are four levels of on your support to provide a platform for the public and is only with the help of our generous patrons, supporters patronage starting at £350. young people to engage with science. and members that we can continue to open minds to science. We have reached a significant point in our We are extremely grateful and look forward to continuing history as we seek to extend our reach on the national to inspire a love of science with you. and international stage. But with no government funding, we rely entirely on the generosity of our supporters to Major Supporters Ri Patrons help fund all that we do. Causeway Technologies Faraday Circle Lloyd’s Register Foundation The De Laszlo Foundation L’Oreal UK & Ireland The Faraday Foundation If you would like to find out more about how you can The Clothworkers’ Foundation Fiona Forbes and Jonathan Hiscock get involved, please contact the development team at Simon Godwin Become an Supporters Hugh J. W. Harper [email protected] or visit rigb.org/support Ri Member Monty Le Fay 6point6 Technology Services Hank Roberts Join a community of like-minded A G Manly Charitable Trust people who share a curiosity Aberbrothock Skea Trust Diffusion Circle and passion for science and Advanced Propulsion Centre UK Ltd Nicholas and Tobe Aleksander enjoy a range of annual benefits. Alexoria Renato Lulia-Jacob Membership starts at £29 for AWE plc Duncan McInnes Bayer Plc Sir Desmond Pitcher children and £75 for adults BHP Billiton Dame Theresa Sackler British Psychological Society Causeway Foundation Magnetic Circle Charles Hayward Foundation Stephen Corben Support a project Company of Actuaries Charitable Trust James Cottam The Ri has a range of educational D G Marshall of Cambridge Trust Bob Eagle The Doris Pacey & Dr Michael and Daniel Feather programmes for young people including Anna Brynberg Foundations Karen Hodson the CHRISTMAS LECTURES, explosive science DS Smith Charitable Foundation Jerry Horwood shows for schools and a national programme EPSRC Lady Sylvia Jay of Ri Masterclasses in mathematics, Equitable Charitable Trust Steve Karmeinsky engineering and computer science for ERA Foundation Kunal Kishore and Jodi Humphreys Ernest Cook Trust Ian Laming highly talented students. EY Chris Lowe Gibbons Family Trust James Malpas Leave a legacy GM Morrison Charitable Trust Gautam Mitra on behalf of The Ri welcomes support from Holbeck Charitable Trust OptiRisk Systems John Apthorp Charity Richard Pinch generous individuals. By leaving Johnson Matthey Plc Geoff Potter a legacy to the Ri you will help us QuantumBlack Benjamin R Miller plan for the future and support our Reece Foundation Ralph Rayner innovative education programmes Corporate support Schlumberger E C Renton for years to come. Science and Technology Facilities Council James Rowe There has never been a more exciting time Sfumato Foundation Lawrence Staden for companies to be associated with the Ri, either through Sonardyne Foundation Robert Winston corporate membership or in partnership with the Ri’s wide-ranging The Brian Mitchell Charitable Settlement programmes and innovative education and outreach activities. The Shears Foundation Thank you to our in-kind supporters Whether you are looking to enhance your profile, reach new The Wixamtree Trust who provide us with valuable support UIN Education Community on a variety of projects and to all of our audiences, or motivate your employees, we welcome the Interest Company donors who wish to remain anonymous. opportunity to discuss how your company can benefit University of Bath from a partnership with us.

36 The Royal Institution Annual review 2016 37 Our finances Our governance

The Royal Institution reaches a diverse audience The Royal Institution was founded in 1799 and received Please visit our of millions of people all over the world every year. £0.8m its Royal Charter on 13 January, 1800. It is an independent website for full details We continue to deliver high level of charitable impact Royal Charter Charity and is governed by its byelaws and of our governance through the generous support of our members and governing documents. rigb.org/about/ donors, together with the dedication and commitment £2.4m £0.6m organisation of our staff and trustees. The Trustees number eleven strategic direction and Registered Charity £0.4m in total, nine elected by objectives; safeguarding In the 2015–16 financial We plan to reach a break the membership of the the institution’s assets; number 227938 year we generated £2.4m even result again in Ri and two appointed by overseeing all significant in trading income and 2016–17 and our cash the Board. The Trustees capital expenditure; £1.8m in voluntary income reserves are robust with How we fund our work ensure the Ri carries out and establishing and through fundraising, £1.2m at 31 December Total income 2015 – 16: £4.2m its charitable purposes maintaining relevant membership and event 2016. This places the Ri Fundraising for the public benefit and policies. The Board meets income. We have achieved in a strong position from Event income complies with its governing a minimum of four times a surplus of £0.1m on which to focus on the long- Membership documents. They have a year and is supported unrestricted funds term growth of our income Trading overall responsibility for by the Audit Committee, compared to a £0.2m streams and make an even managing the business Finance Committee and shortfall in the previous greater impact through of the institution; setting Nominations Committee. year. In addition, after the our charitable activities. receipt in of a £1.5m lease Royal Patron Lord Julian Hunt premium and £974,000 Full audited accounts are £1.6m HM The Queen Dr Martin Knight from a sale of non-core available to download £1.3m (1952–2016) Prof Sir Peter Knight assets, the Ri fully repaid from the Ri and Charity HRH The Prince of Wales Sarika Patel its debt in January 2016. Commission’s websites. (2016–current) Geoff Potter £0.6m £0.3m Louise Terry £0.4m President Prof Chris Toumazou HRH The Duke of Kent Lord Robert Winston

How we spend our money Total expenditure 2015–16: £4.2m Honorary Vice President Senior Management Team Sir John Ritblat Chris Rofe Education programme Chief Executive CHRISTMAS LECTURES Prof Gail Cardew Trustees Director of Science Heritage Sir Richard Sykes, Chair and Education Public events Dr Fergus Boyd Michael de Crespigny Director of Finance Trading Prof Chris Bishop Claire Gardner (retired May 2016) Director of Operations Data for year ending 30 September 2016. Prof Julia Buckingham (retired May 2016) Positions as of 31 December 2016 Hugh Harper

38 The Royal Institution Annual review 2016/16 39 Royal Institution of Great Britain Image credits: 21 Albemarle Street Katherine Leedale London W1S 4BS Paul Clarke Paul Wilkinson [email protected] Tim Mitchell +44 (0)20 7409 2992 Design: rigb.org them.co.uk The CHRISTMAS LECTURES ® is a registered trademark. richannel.org For more information contact: [email protected]