Workshop 2015 HAAS, ,

Study on Potato Late Blight in

Guo Mei Professor Virus-free Seedling Research Institute of HASS CONTENT

1 About Heilongjiang

2 Potato Late Blight in Heilongjiang

3 Population of P. infestans • Phenotype • Genotype 4 Late Blight Control About Heilongjiang swan

China • North-east tip of China About Heilongjiang

• Population: 38.35 million • Ethnic nationalities: 51 • City: 13 • County: 66 Major Crops Grown in Heilongjiang

Wheat Others Soybean 4.01million ha 1.57% 8.92% Soybean Potato 33.11% Corn 4.00million ha 3.06% Rice 2.46million ha Potato 0.37million ha Rice Wheat 0.19million ha 20.31% Corn Others 1.08million ha 33.03% Total 12.12million ha Potato in Heilongjiang

Mini-tuber

• Seed potato 20% in China • Processing enterprise 500

RACE: 1.3.4.7.8.10.11 1.3.4.7.10.11

14 races Commercial potato Potato in Heilongjiang

Location Year Harbin Daxinganling 1997 Slight Slight —— —— 1998 Heavy Heavy —— —— 1999 Slight Slight Heavy Heavy 2000 Slight —— Heavy Heavy 2001 Slight —— Moderate Moderate 2002 Moderate Severe Slight Slight 2003 Slight Heavy Heavy Heavy 2004 Slight Heavy Severe Severe 2005 Heavy Heavy Heavy Severe 2006 Severe Severe Severe Heavy 2007 No infection No infection Slight Severe 2008 Slight Slight Severe Moderate 2009 Heavy Heavy Severe Heavy 2010 Severe Moderate Slight Moderate 2011 Moderate Moderate Severe Moderate 2012 Severe Heavy Severe Heavy 2013 Heavy Severe Heavy Heavy Population of P. infestans mating type

A2 A1

No A2 mating type in Heilongjiang 2005-2011 Population of P. infestans

Mating type in Heilongjiang

Samples locations Population of P. infestans

Number of Mating type Number of Mating type Year Location Year Location Isolates (A2/A1) Isolates (A2/A1) 2005 BAYAN 1 0/1 2011 GANNAN 14 1/13 DAXINGANLING 1 0/1 HARBIN 34 15/19 KESHAN 1 0/1 4 0/4 LINKOU 1 0/1 HUMA 6 0/6 Total 4 0/4 KESHAN 6 0/6 2006 BAYAN 1 0/1 NENGJIANG 1 0/1 HARBIN 1 0/1 2 1/1 KESHAN 1 0/1 Total 67 17/50 WANGKUI 1 0/1 2012 HARBIN 30 17/13 Total 4 0/4 KESHAN 1 0/1 2007 HARBIN 4 0/4 NENGJIANG 3 0/3 4 0/4 YIAN 4 0/4 2008 DAXINGANLING 2 0/2 ZHAODONG 19 10/9 HARBIN 4 0/4 Total 57 27/30 Total 6 0/6 2013 HARBIN 11 8/3 2010 HARBIN 21 0/21 HEIHE 12 12/0 KESHAN 14 0/14 1 0/1 MOHE 6 0/6 KESHAN 1 1/0 TAHE 13 0/13 6 0/6 Total 54 0/54 6 0/6 Total 37 21/16 Physiological races in Heilongjiang

Year Differential host Physiological race No. race Dominant race 1962- r, R1, R2, R3, R4, R1R2, R1R3,R1R4, R2R4,R3R4,R1R2R4,R1R3R4,R1R2R 0, 4, ， 1967 3R4,RXRYR2, 1.4, 1. 3. 4 4 0 4 Huang S.StolR2, S.StolR6 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, r, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, 2000 5, 7, 9, 11, R9, R10, R11, R1R2, R1R3, R2R3, ， ， 1.2, 2. 3, 2.4, 14 0 4 11 Jin R2R4, R3R4, R1R2R3R4 3.4, 1. 2. 3. 4(4vir) 0,7,3.4.7,4.7.11,6.7.11,3.4.7.11,4.6.8.11 4.6.9.11,4.6.8.9.11,3.4.7.8.11,3.4.6.7.8.11 2004 r，R1，R2，R3，R4， 4.6.7.8.9.11,3.4.6.7.8.9.11,2.3.4.6.7.8.11 21 3.4.6.7.8.9.11 Jin R5,R6,R7,R8,R9,R11 3.4.5.6.7.8.11,3.4.7.8.9.11,1.3.4.6.7.8.9.11 2.3.4.6.7.8.9.11,3.4.5.6.7.8.9.11, 1.3.4.6.7.8.11,1.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.11(9vir)

0,3,3.4,3.7,3.4.7,3.4.11, 3.7.11,3.4.7.11,3.4.6.10.11, 2008 r,R1,R2,R3,R4,R5, 3.4.7.10.113.4.6.7.8,3.4.7.11, 17 3.4.7.11 Wang R6,R7,R8,R9,R10,R11 3.4.6.7.11,3.4.7.10.11,3.6.7.8.11, 3.4.6.7.8.11,3.4.6.7.8.10.11, 3.4.6.7.8.9.10.11,3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11(9)

2010 r,R1,R2,R3,R4,R5, 24 1.3.4.7.8.10.11 Guo R6,R7,R8,R9,R10,R11 Population of P. infestans Physiological races No. RACE RATIO AREA No. RACE RATIO AREA 1 1.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11 1.1 TH 13 3.4.5.6.7.10.11 1.1 KS 2 1.2.3.4.5.7.8.9.10.11 1.1 KS 14 1.3.4.6.7.10.11 1.1 HB 3 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.10.11 2.1 KS 15 3.4.6.7.10.11 1.1 KS 4 1.3.4.5.6.7.8.10.11 2.1 KS 16 1.3.4.7.10.11 9.5 MH TH KS HB 5 1.2.3.4.6.7.8.10.11 2.1 HB MH 17 1.3.4.7.8.10 2.1 HB 6 1.3.4.6.7.9.10.11 1.1 KS 18 1.3.4.7.8.11 3.2 HB 7 1.3.4.6.7.8.10.11 5.3 KS TH HB 19 3.4.7.10.11 1.1 HB 8 1.3.4.5.7.8.10.11 7.4 MH TH KS 20 1.3.4.7.8 9.5 HB 9 1.3.4.5.6.7.10.11 1.1 MH 21 1.3.4.7.11 5.3 HB 10 1.2.3.4.7.8.10.11 2.1 HB KS 22 3.4.7.10 1.1 HB 11 1.2.3.4.5.7.10.11 1.1 TH 23 1.3.4.7 8.4 HB 12 1.3.4.7.8.10.11 29.5 MH TH KS HB 24 3.4.7 1.1 HB Population of P. infestans

Frequency of virulence genes

100.00 100.00 100.00 100 94.74 77.89 72.63 80 67.37 60

40 16.84 17.89 20

Frequency 8.42 3.16 0 of virulenceof genes(%) R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10 R11 Virulence genes Population of P. infestans

Resistance To Metalaxyl

Year Total No. Of Isolates Resistance Sensitive Moderate % Of R 2010 112 95 14 3 84.82 2011 107 84 20 3 78.50 2012 84 64 18 2 76.19 2013 55 40 11 2 72.73 P. infestans Resistance to metalaxyl

Sensitive moderate Resistant Location Isolates Isolates （%） Isolates （%） Isolates （%） Mohe 6 0 0 0 0 6 100 Tahe 15 8 53.3 0 0 7 46.7 Nenjiang 10 0 0 1 10 9 90 Keshan 41 8 19.5 0 0 33 80.5 7 1 14.3 1 14.3 5 71.4 Suihua 16 6 37.5 2 12.5 8 50 Harbin 67 1 1.5 0 0 66 98.5 3 1 33.3 0 0 2 66.7 Total 165 25 15.1 4 2.4 136 82.4 P. infestans Resistance to metalaxyl Genotype of P. infestans in Heilongjiang

Genotype Location Year Number 13_A2 MINZHU 2011 3 2012 8 2013 8 ZHAODONG 2012 10 HEIHE 2013 12 KESHAN 2013 1 misc JIAMUSI 2013 1 misc_RU BAYAN 2005 1 DAXINGANLIN 2005 1 QINGPING 2006 1 2007 1 2011 2 ZHAODONG 2012 9 MINZHU 2013 3 NEHE 2013 6 SUIHUA 2013 6 misc_RU_var LINKOU 2005 1 QINGPING 2006 1 2007 1 2008 1 Late Blight Control

The Application of Forecast System QING PING EXPERIMENTAL STATION 2009 M 0.3%

UU 30% NN 60% Late Blight Control

Disease Dynamics in field (7 days interval) Weather Station in Heilongjiang Varieties Resistant to P. infestans

100% 荷兰十五 Bintje 80% sarpo mira 60% 早大白 尤金885 40%

Agria 发病严重程度 20% 克新13 Gasoré 0% 07/01 07/08 07/15 07/22 07/29 08/05 08/12 08/19 08/26 克新18 markies 日期（月-日） 30.00 24.52 25.00 20.47 20.00 16.95 15.45 14.32 15.00 11.41 10.00

AUDPC 5.00 2.55 0.58 0.57 0.05 0.00 -5.00 Agria Bintje 早大白 克新13 Gasoré 克新18 荷兰十五 尤金885 markies sarpo mira 品种处理 y = -10.559x + 8.3132 10.0 R2 = 0.9781 8.0

6.0

4.0

品种抗性 2.0

0.0 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 rAUDPC值 Varieties Resistant to P. infestans

Bintje Sarpo mira Markies Agria Gasoré Favorite Ke Xin 18 Ke Xin 13 Youjin 885 Zao Dabai

0.7 0.6 0.5

0.4 rAUDPC rAUDPC 0.3 0.2 0.1 6E-16 -0.1 2012QP 2013MZ 2013ZD 2014MZ 2014ZD

Year and Location Varieties Resistant to P. infestans

Varieties AUDPC RAUDPC Range of score Reaction category Bintje 20.47 0.57 2.4 MR Sarpo mira 0.05 0 8.9 HR Markies 16.95 0.47 3.4 MR Agria 11.41 0.32 4.8 R Gasoré 0.58 0.02 7.6 HR Favorite 24.52 0.68 1.1 S Ke Xin 18 0.57 0.02 8.2 HR Youjin 885 14.32 0.4 4.1 R Ke Xin 13 2.55 0.07 7.6 HR Zao Dabai 15.45 0.43 3.8 MR Varieties Resistant to P. infestans Efficacy of Commercial and Botanical Fungicide

CK 100% 90% metalaxyl 80% metalaxyl + mancozeb 70% 60% mancozeb

50% cymoxanil + mancozeb 40% Matrine 30% 20% mandipropamid 10% famoxadone+ cymoxani Percentseverity(%) 0% 07/01 fluazinam

cyazofamid

Date(M-D) propamocarb-HCl + fluopicolide

25.97 30.00 22.33 19.03

20.00 10.71 8.65 8.41 6.63 6.52 5.91 10.00 4.85 2.41

0.00

CK

mid

Matrine

mancozeb

b-HCl + b-HCl

metalaxyl fluazinam

fluopico…

metalaxyl cymoxanil

+ + mancozeb + mancozeb mandipropa famoxadone + cymoxani cyazofamid propamocar Field Evaluation of Metalaxyl resistance

75% 4%metalaxyl+ 100% cyazofamid

90% famoxadone+ cymoxani 80% mancozeb mandipropamid 49% mancozeb 70% metalaxyl + mancozeb 60% metalaxyl 50% 40% cymoxanil + mancozeb 30% propamocarb-HCl + fluopicolide 20% mancozeb

Severity of late blight(%) 10% fluazinam 0% 7-18 7-23 7-28 8-2 8-7 8-12 8-17 8-22 8-27 CK date

infinito CK 25%metalaxyl

Propamocarb-HCl +fluopicolide 2009-2012 Late blight forecast

• Late blight control effect of 80-95%.

• Reduction of 15-20% fungicides usage

• Reduce in costs of 20%

• Yield increased by 20-30%

• Income increased by 1000-1500 yuan per mu (1/15 ha) Acknowledge

• International Potato Center（CIP）

• Walloon Agricultural Research Centre(cra-W)

• Wageningen UR

• Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research(Biofosk)

• Potato Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

• Canadian Food Inspection Agency The Team of the Sino-Belgium bilateral project potato late blight

Bilateral Projects between China and Belgium supported by Most: The Establishment of Potato Late Blight Monitoring and Forecasting System （2011-2013） Sustainable Potato Late Blight Control （2014-2016） THANK YOU