The Impact of Continuous Driving Time and Rest Time on Commercial Drivers' Driving Performance and Recovery
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Educated Youth Should Go to the Rural Areas: a Tale of Education, Employment and Social Values*
Educated Youth Should Go to the Rural Areas: A Tale of Education, Employment and Social Values* Yang You† Harvard University This draft: July 2018 Abstract I use a quasi-random urban-dweller allocation in rural areas during Mao’s Mass Rustication Movement to identify human capital externalities in education, employment, and social values. First, rural residents acquired an additional 0.1-0.2 years of education from a 1% increase in the density of sent-down youth measured by the number of sent-down youth in 1969 over the population size in 1982. Second, as economic outcomes, people educated during the rustication period suffered from less non-agricultural employment in 1990. Conversely, in 2000, they enjoyed increased hiring in all non-agricultural occupations and lower unemployment. Third, sent-down youth changed the social values of rural residents who reported higher levels of trust, enhanced subjective well-being, altered trust from traditional Chinese medicine to Western medicine, and shifted job attitudes from objective cognitive assessments to affective job satisfaction. To explore the mechanism, I document that sent-down youth served as rural teachers with two new county-level datasets. Keywords: Human Capital Externality, Sent-down Youth, Rural Educational Development, Employment Dynamics, Social Values, Culture JEL: A13, N95, O15, I31, I25, I26 * This paper was previously titled and circulated, “Does living near urban dwellers make you smarter” in 2017 and “The golden era of Chinese rural education: evidence from Mao’s Mass Rustication Movement 1968-1980” in 2015. I am grateful to Richard Freeman, Edward Glaeser, Claudia Goldin, Wei Huang, Lawrence Katz, Lingsheng Meng, Nathan Nunn, Min Ouyang, Andrei Shleifer, and participants at the Harvard Economic History Lunch Seminar, Harvard Development Economics Lunch Seminar, and Harvard China Economy Seminar, for their helpful comments. -
Changchun–Harbin Expressway Project
Performance Evaluation Report Project Number: PPE : PRC 30389 Loan Numbers: 1641/1642 December 2006 People’s Republic of China: Changchun–Harbin Expressway Project Operations Evaluation Department CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS Currency Unit – yuan (CNY) At Appraisal At Project Completion At Operations Evaluation (July 1998) (August 2004) (December 2006) CNY1.00 = $0.1208 $0.1232 $0.1277 $1.00 = CNY8.28 CNY8.12 CNY7.83 ABBREVIATIONS AADT – annual average daily traffic ADB – Asian Development Bank CDB – China Development Bank DMF – design and monitoring framework EIA – environmental impact assessment EIRR – economic internal rate of return FIRR – financial internal rate of return GDP – gross domestic product ha – hectare HHEC – Heilongjiang Hashuang Expressway Corporation HPCD – Heilongjiang Provincial Communications Department ICB – international competitive bidding JPCD – Jilin Provincial Communications Department JPEC – Jilin Provincial Expressway Corporation MOC – Ministry of Communications NTHS – national trunk highway system O&M – operations and maintenance OEM – Operations Evaluation Mission PCD – provincial communication department PCR – project completion report PPTA – project preparatory technical assistance PRC – People’s Republic of China RRP – report and recommendation of the President TA – technical assistance VOC – vehicle operating cost NOTE In this report, “$” refers to US dollars. Keywords asian development bank, development effectiveness, expressways, people’s republic of china, performance evaluation, heilongjiang province, jilin province, transport Director Ramesh Adhikari, Operations Evaluation Division 2, OED Team leader Marco Gatti, Senior Evaluation Specialist, OED Team members Vivien Buhat-Ramos, Evaluation Officer, OED Anna Silverio, Operations Evaluation Assistant, OED Irene Garganta, Operations Evaluation Assistant, OED Operations Evaluation Department, PE-696 CONTENTS Page BASIC DATA v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY vii MAPS xi I. INTRODUCTION 1 A. -
Optimization Path of the Freight Channel of Heilongjiang Province
2017 3rd International Conference on Education and Social Development (ICESD 2017) ISBN: 978-1-60595-444-8 Optimization Path of the Freight Channel of Heilongjiang Province to Russia 1,a,* 2,b Jin-Ping ZHANG , Jia-Yi YUAN 1Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2International Department of Harbin No.9 High School, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China [email protected], [email protected] * Corresponding author Keywords: Heilongjiang Province, Russia, Freight Channel, Optimization Path. Abstract. Heilongjiang Province becomes the most important province for China's import and export trade to Russia due to its unique geographical advantages and strong complementary between industry and product structure. However, the existing problems in the trade freight channel layout and traffic capacity restrict the bilateral trade scale expansion and trade efficiency improvement. Therefore, the government should engage in rational distribution of cross-border trade channel, strengthen infrastructure construction in the border port cities and node cities, and improve the software support and the quality of service on the basis of full communication and coordination with the relevant Russian government, which may contribute to upgrade bilateral economic and trade cooperation. Introduction Heilongjiang Province is irreplaceable in China's trade with Russia because of its geographical advantages, a long history of economic and trade cooperation, and complementary in industry and product structures. Its total value of import and export trade to Russia account for more than 2/3 of the whole provinces and nearly 1/4 of that of China. After years of efforts, there exist both improvement in channel infrastructure, layout and docking and problems in channel size, functional positioning and layout, as well as important node construction which do not match with cross-border freight development. -
Estimations of Undisturbed Ground Temperatures Using Numerical and Analytical Modeling
ESTIMATIONS OF UNDISTURBED GROUND TEMPERATURES USING NUMERICAL AND ANALYTICAL MODELING By LU XING Bachelor of Arts/Science in Mechanical Engineering Huazhong University of Science & Technology Wuhan, China 2008 Master of Arts/Science in Mechanical Engineering Oklahoma State University Stillwater, OK, US 2010 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY December, 2014 ESTIMATIONS OF UNDISTURBED GROUND TEMPERATURES USING NUMERICAL AND ANALYTICAL MODELING Dissertation Approved: Dr. Jeffrey D. Spitler Dissertation Adviser Dr. Daniel E. Fisher Dr. Afshin J. Ghajar Dr. Richard A. Beier ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Jeffrey D. Spitler, who patiently guided me through the hard times and encouraged me to continue in every stage of this study until it was completed. I greatly appreciate all his efforts in making me a more qualified PhD, an independent researcher, a stronger and better person. Also, I would like to devote my sincere thanks to my parents, Hongda Xing and Chune Mei, who have been with me all the time. Their endless support, unconditional love and patience are the biggest reason for all the successes in my life. To all my good friends, colleagues in the US and in China, who talked to me and were with me during the difficult times. I would like to give many thanks to my committee members, Dr. Daniel E. Fisher, Dr. Afshin J. Ghajar and Dr. Richard A. Beier for their suggestions which helped me to improve my research and dissertation. -
A Brief Introduction to the Dairy Industry in Heilongjiang NBSO Dalian
A brief introduction to the Dairy Industry in Heilongjiang NBSO Dalian RVO.nl | Brief Introduction Dairy industry Heilongjiang, NBSO Dalian Colofon This is a publication of: Netherlands Enterprise Agency Prinses Beatrixlaan 2 PO Box 93144, 2509 AC, The Hague Phone: 088 042 42 42 Email: via contact form on the website Website: www.rvo.nl This survey has been conducted by the Netherlands Business Support Office in Dalian If you have any questions regarding this business sector in Heilongjiang Province or need any form of business support, please contact NBSO Dalian: Chief Representative: Renée Derks Deputy Representative: Yin Hang Phone: +86 (0)411 3986 9998 Email: [email protected] For further information on the Netherlands Business Support Offices, see www.nbso.nl © Netherlands Enterprise Agency, August 2015 NL Enterprise Agency is a department of the Dutch ministry of Economic Affairs that implements government policy for agricultural, sustainability, innovation, and international business and cooperation. NL Enterprise Agency is the contact point for businesses, educational institutions and government bodies for information and advice, financing, networking and regulatory matters. Although a great degree of care has been taken in the preparation of this document, no rights may be derived from this brochure, or from any of the examples contained herein, nor may NL Enterprise Agency be held liable for the consequences arising from the use thereof. This publication may not be reproduced, in whole, or in part, in any form, without the prior written consent of the publisher. Page 2 of 10 RVO.nl | Brief Introduction Dairy industry Heilongjiang, NBSO Dalian Contents Colofon ..................................................................................................... -
Spatiotemporal Changes of Reference Evapotranspiration in the Highest-Latitude Region of China
Article Spatiotemporal Changes of Reference Evapotranspiration in the Highest-Latitude Region of China Peng Qi 1,2, Guangxin Zhang 1,*, Y. Jun Xu 3, Yanfeng Wu 1,2 and Zongting Gao 4 1 Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 4888, Shengbei Street, Changchun 130102, China; [email protected] (P.Q.); [email protected] (Y.W.) 2 University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 3 School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; [email protected] 4 Institute of Meteorological Sciences of Jilin Province, and Laboratory of Research for Middle-High Latitude Circulation and East Asian Monsoon, and Jilin Province Key Laboratory for Changbai Mountain Meteorology and Climate Change, Changchun 130062, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-431-8554-2210; Fax: +86-431-8554-2298 Received: 2 June 2017; Accepted: 4 July 2017; Published: 5 July 2017 Abstract: Reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is often used to make management decisions for crop irrigation scheduling and production. In this study, the spatial and temporal trends of ET0 in China’s most northern province as well as the country’s largest agricultural region were analyzed for the period from 1964 to 2013. ET0 was calculated with the Penman-Monteith of Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations irrigation and drainage paper NO.56 (FAO-56) using climatic data collected from 27 stations. Inverse distance weighting (IDW) was used for the spatial interpolation of the estimated ET0. A Modified Mann–Kendall test (MMK) was applied to test the spatiotemporal trends of ET0, while Pearson’s correlation coefficient and cross-wavelet analysis were employed to assess the factors affecting the spatiotemporal variability at different elevations. -
Vision for the Northeast Asia Transportation Corridors
Northeast Asia Economic Conference Organizing Committee Transportation Subcommittee Chairman KAYAHARA, Hideo Japan: Director General, the Japan Port and Harbor Association/ Counselor, ERINA Committee Members DAI, Xiyao PRC: Director, Tumen River Area Development Administration, the People’ s Government of Jilin Province WANG, Shengjin PRC: Dean, Northeast Asia Studies College of Jilin University TSENGEL, Tsegmidyn Mongolia: State Secretary, Ministry of Infrastructure SEMENIKHIN, Yaroslav RF: President, Far Eastern Marine Research, Design and Technology Institute (FEMRI) Byung-Min AHN ROK: Head, Northeast Asia Research Team, Korea Transportation Institute(KOTI) GOMBO, Tsogtsaikhan UN: Deputy Director, Tumen Secretariat, UNDP Secretariat ERINA (Ikuo MITSUHASHI, Senior Fellow, Kazumi KAWAMURA, Researcher, Research Division, Dmiriy L. Sergachev, Researcher, Research Division) Vision for the Northeast Asia Transportation Corridors Contents Chapter 1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 1 Chapter 2 Nine Transportation Corridors in Northeast Asia.................................... 2 Chapter 3 Current Situation and Problems of the Nine Transportation Corridors in Northeast Asia ....................................................................................... 5 3.1 Taishet~Vanino Transportation Corridor 3.2 Siberian Land Bridge (SLB) Transportation Corridor 3.3 Suifenhe Transportation Corridor 3.4 Tumen River Transportation Corridor 3.5 Dalian Transportation Corridor -
Global Map of Irrigation Areas CHINA
Global Map of Irrigation Areas CHINA Area equipped for irrigation (ha) Area actually irrigated Province total with groundwater with surface water (ha) Anhui 3 369 860 337 346 3 032 514 2 309 259 Beijing 367 870 204 428 163 442 352 387 Chongqing 618 090 30 618 060 432 520 Fujian 1 005 000 16 021 988 979 938 174 Gansu 1 355 480 180 090 1 175 390 1 153 139 Guangdong 2 230 740 28 106 2 202 634 2 042 344 Guangxi 1 532 220 13 156 1 519 064 1 208 323 Guizhou 711 920 2 009 709 911 515 049 Hainan 250 600 2 349 248 251 189 232 Hebei 4 885 720 4 143 367 742 353 4 475 046 Heilongjiang 2 400 060 1 599 131 800 929 2 003 129 Henan 4 941 210 3 422 622 1 518 588 3 862 567 Hong Kong 2 000 0 2 000 800 Hubei 2 457 630 51 049 2 406 581 2 082 525 Hunan 2 761 660 0 2 761 660 2 598 439 Inner Mongolia 3 332 520 2 150 064 1 182 456 2 842 223 Jiangsu 4 020 100 119 982 3 900 118 3 487 628 Jiangxi 1 883 720 14 688 1 869 032 1 818 684 Jilin 1 636 370 751 990 884 380 1 066 337 Liaoning 1 715 390 783 750 931 640 1 385 872 Ningxia 497 220 33 538 463 682 497 220 Qinghai 371 170 5 212 365 958 301 560 Shaanxi 1 443 620 488 895 954 725 1 211 648 Shandong 5 360 090 2 581 448 2 778 642 4 485 538 Shanghai 308 340 0 308 340 308 340 Shanxi 1 283 460 611 084 672 376 1 017 422 Sichuan 2 607 420 13 291 2 594 129 2 140 680 Tianjin 393 010 134 743 258 267 321 932 Tibet 306 980 7 055 299 925 289 908 Xinjiang 4 776 980 924 366 3 852 614 4 629 141 Yunnan 1 561 190 11 635 1 549 555 1 328 186 Zhejiang 1 512 300 27 297 1 485 003 1 463 653 China total 61 899 940 18 658 742 43 241 198 52 -
Heilongjiang Road Development II Project (Yichun-Nenjiang)
Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report Project Number: TA 7117 – PRC October 2009 People’s Republic of China: Heilongjiang Road Development II Project (Yichun-Nenjiang) FINAL REPORT (Volume II of IV) Submitted by: H & J, INC. Beijing International Center, Tower 3, Suite 1707, Beijing 100026 US Headquarters: 6265 Sheridan Drive, Suite 212, Buffalo, NY 14221 In association with WINLOT No 11 An Wai Avenue, Huafu Garden B-503, Beijing 100011 This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. All views expressed herein may not be incorporated into the proposed project’s design. Asian Development Bank Heilongjiang Road Development II (TA 7117 – PRC) Final Report Supplementary Appendix A Financial Analysis and Projections_SF1 S App A - 1 Heilongjiang Road Development II (TA 7117 – PRC) Final Report SUPPLEMENTARY APPENDIX SF1 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS AND PROJECTIONS A. Introduction 1. Financial projections and analysis have been prepared in accordance with the 2005 edition of the Guidelines for the Financial Governance and Management of Investment Projects Financed by the Asian Development Bank. The Guidelines cover both revenue earning and non revenue earning projects. Project roads include expressways, Class I and Class II roads. All will be built by the Heilongjiang Provincial Communications Department (HPCD). When the project started it was assumed that all project roads would be revenue earning. It was then discovered that national guidance was that Class 2 roads should be toll free. The ADB agreed that the DFR should concentrate on the revenue earning Expressway and Class I roads, 2. -
Strategic Priorities of Cooperation Between Heilongjiang Province and Russia L
R-ECONOMY, 2019, 5(1), 13–18 doi: 10.15826/recon.2019.5.1.002 Original Paper doi 10.15826/recon.2019.5.1.002 Strategic priorities of cooperation between Heilongjiang province and Russia L. Song Institute of Northeast Asian Studies, Heilongjiang Provincial Academy of Social Sciences, Harbin, China; e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT KEYWORDS During the five-year period of implementation of the Belt and Road Initia- Belt and Road Initiative; tive, Heilongjiang Province, which is one of the nine Chinese border provinc- Heilongjiang Province; Eastern es, has actively responded to the national development policy and achieved Silk Road Belt; Longjiang Silk some impressive results in its strategic cooperation with the Russian Far Road Belt; strategic planning; East. The article characterizes the current state of Heilongjiang Province’s re- cooperation lationship with Russia and describes its strategic plans for findings new paths of cooperation as a result of the province’s integration into the Belt and Road ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Initiative and participation in China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor Heilongjiang Province, the special construction. The key projects crucial for the province’s development are the subject of the 12th Fourth Plenary Eastern Land-Sea Silk Road Economic Belt (hereinafter referred to as the Session of “Research on the Eastern Silk Road Belt) and the Heilongjiang Land-Sea Silk Road Economic Construction of New Pattern Belt (hereinafter referred to as Longjiang Silk Road Belt). Both projects are of All-dimensional Opening up aimed at increasing the interconnectedness between regions and countries, in Heilongjiang Province”, promoting international trade and fostering understanding and tolerance. -
Trans-Border Exchange Between Russia and China: the Case of Blagoveshchensk and Heihe
Ryzhova.fm Page 348 Thursday, May 14, 2009 11:48 AM Trans-border Exchange between Russia and China: The Case of Blagoveshchensk and Heihe Nataliya Ryzhova and Grigory Ioffe1 Abstract: Two Russian-trained geographers investigate the multiple and largely informal and illicit forms of exchange between two provincial cities of roughly similar size located on opposite banks of the Amur River, namely Blagoveshchensk, in Russia’s Far East, and Heihe, in neighboring northeast China. The study is based on interviews and field observations from 2002 to 2009 in Blagoveshchensk, as well as official statistics from the relevant Russian and Chinese provincial governments. Particular attention is focused on the activities and treat- ment of Chinese guest workers comprising a material component of the labor force in Amur Oblast (e.g., in construction and agriculture), unregistered Chinese entrepreneurs in retailing and catering, and trans-border logging operations of Chinese timber/wood products compa- nies. Also covered are the activities of visiting Russian nationals in Heihe and the extralegal activities of Russian entrepreneurs and bureaucrats. Journal of Economic Literature, Classifi- cation Numbers: F20, J61, O17, O18. 5 figures, 1 table, 50 references. Key words: Russia, China, cross-border trade, Blagoveshchensk, Heihe, Heilongjiang Province, Amur River, free economic zones, suitcase trade, illegal logging, grey imports, contraband, illegal entrepre- neurs, migrant labor. orders separating countries with different socio-economic systems tend to impede the B free flow of goods and people, to greater or lesser degree in proportion to the extent to which those systems diverge.2 Certainly the Soviet–Chinese border in the Russian Federa- tion’s Far East region was tightly controlled for a good part of the last century, reflecting (despite outward signs of Communist solidarity) a protracted territorial dispute between the USSR and China involving islands located in the Amur River, which formed an extended portion of that border. -
Preparing the Heilongjiang Road Development II Project (Yichun–Nenjiang)
Technical Assistance Report Project Number: 42017 August 2008 People’s Republic of China: Preparing the Heilongjiang Road Development II Project (Yichun–Nenjiang) The views expressed herein are those of the consultant and do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s members, Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 1 July 2008) Currency Unit – yuan (CNY) CNY1.00 = $0.1459 $1.00 = CNY6.8543 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank C&P – consultation and participatory EIA – environmental impact assessment GDP – gross domestic product HPCD – Heilongjiang Provincial Communications Department IPSA – initial poverty and social analysis PRC – People’s Republic of China TA – technical assistance TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE CLASSIFICATION Targeting Classification – General intervention Sector – Transport and communications Subsector – Roads and highways Themes – Sustainable economic growth, capacity development Subthemes – Fostering physical infrastructure development, institutional development NOTE In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. Vice-President C. Lawrence Greenwood, Jr., Operations 2 Director General K. Gerhaeusser, East Asia Department (EARD) Director C.S. Chin, Officer-in-Charge, Transport Division, EARD Team leader E. Oyunchimeg, Transport Specialist (Roads), EARD Team members S. Ferguson, Senior Social Development Specialist (Resettlement), EARD T. Yokota, Transport Specialist, EARD 121o 00'E 132o 00'E HEILONGJIANG ROAD DEVELOPMENT II PROJECT (YICHUN--NENJIANG) IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA RUSSIAN FEDERATION Provincial Capital City/Town Mohe County Highway Port National Key Tourism Scenic Spot H eilong River Proposed Project Road Tahe ADB--Financed Road Loop Line Radial Line Huma Vertical Line Horizontal Line River Provincial Boundary 52 o 00'N 52 o 00'N International Boundary Woduhe Jiagdaqi Boundaries are not necessarily authoritative.