DOCSLIB.ORG

Changchun–Harbin Expressway Project

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Changchun–Harbin Expressway Project Performance Evaluation Report Project Number: PPE : PRC 30389 Loan Numbers: 1641/1642 December 2006 People’s Republic of China: Changchun–Harbin Expressway Project Operations Evaluation Department CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS Currency Unit – yuan (CNY) At Appraisal At Project Completion At Operations Evaluation (July 1998) (August 2004) (December 2006) CNY1.00 = $0.1208 $0.1232 $0.1277 $1.00 = CNY8.28 CNY8.12 CNY7.83 ABBREVIATIONS AADT – annual average daily traffic ADB – Asian Development Bank CDB – China Development Bank DMF – design and monitoring framework EIA – environmental impact assessment EIRR – economic internal rate of return FIRR – financial internal rate of return GDP – gross domestic product ha – hectare HHEC – Heilongjiang Hashuang Expressway Corporation HPCD – Heilongjiang Provincial Communications Department ICB – international competitive bidding JPCD – Jilin Provincial Communications Department JPEC – Jilin Provincial Expressway Corporation MOC – Ministry of Communications NTHS – national trunk highway system O&M – operations and maintenance OEM – Operations Evaluation Mission PCD – provincial communication department PCR – project completion report PPTA – project preparatory technical assistance PRC – People’s Republic of China RRP – report and recommendation of the President TA – technical assistance VOC – vehicle operating cost NOTE In this report, “$” refers to US dollars. Keywords asian development bank, development effectiveness, expressways, people’s republic of china, performance evaluation, heilongjiang province, jilin province, transport Director Ramesh Adhikari, Operations Evaluation Division 2, OED Team leader Marco Gatti, Senior Evaluation Specialist, OED Team members Vivien Buhat-Ramos, Evaluation Officer, OED Anna Silverio, Operations Evaluation Assistant, OED Irene Garganta, Operations Evaluation Assistant, OED Operations Evaluation Department, PE-696 CONTENTS Page BASIC DATA v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY vii MAPS xi I. INTRODUCTION 1 A. Evaluation Purpose and Process 1 B. Expected Results 1 II. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION 3 A. Formulation 3 B. Rationale 3 C. Cost, Financing, and Executing Arrangements 4 D. Procurement, Construction, and Scheduling 6 E. Design Changes 7 F. Outputs 7 G. Consultants 10 H. Loan Covenants 10 I. Policy Setting 11 III. PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT 13 A. Overall Assessment 13 B. Relevance 13 C. Effectiveness 14 D. Efficiency 14 E. Sustainability 15 IV. OTHER ASSESSMENTS 16 A. Impact 16 B. Asian Development Bank and Borrower Performance 18 V. ISSUES, LESSONS, AND FOLLOW-UP ACTIONS 18 A. Issues 18 B. Lessons 20 C. Follow-Up Actions 20 APPENDIXES 1. Summary Design and Monitoring Framework 21 2. Appraisal and Actual Costs and Financing 26 3. Organization Chart of Heilongjiang Hashuang Expressway Corporation 28 4. Organization Chart of Jilin Provincial Transport Agencies 29 5. Chronology of Major Events in the Project’s History 30 6. Financial Evaluation 34 7. Assessment of Overall Performance 42 8. Economic Reevaluation 43 9. Socioeconomic Development in Project Impact Areas 50 In accordance with the guidelines formally adopted by the Operations Evaluation Department (OED) on avoiding conflict of interest in its independent evaluations, the director general of OED did not review this report and delegated approval of this evaluation to the director of Operations Evaluation Division 2. The fieldwork was undertaken by Peter Darjes, Mingxin Shu, and Bingfang Zhong (staff consultants) under the guidance of the mission leader. Mr. Zhong was previously involved in socioeconomic data collection for the project completion report. For this report, OED used his expertise only for updating the socioeconomic data and for some social surveys. He was not involved in the assessment of the Project. To the knowledge of OED management, the individuals preparing, reviewing, or approving this report had no conflict of interest. BASIC DATA Loan 1641-PRC: Changchun–Harbin Expressway (Hashuang Expressway) Project Preparation/Institution Building TA No. TA Name Type Person- Amount Approval Months ($ ‘000) Date TA 2846 Changchun–Harbin Expressway PPTA 30 600 22 Aug 1997 (formerly called Heilongjiang and Jilin Expressway”) As per ADB Key Project Data ($ million) Loan Documents Actual Total Project Cost 397.5 403.7 Foreign Exchange Cost 191.2 162.6 Local Currency Cost 206.3 241.1 ADB Loan Amount/Utilization 170.0 142.1 ADB Loan Amount/Cancellation 27.9 Key Dates Expected Actual Fact-Finding 13–29 Apr 1998 Appraisal 20 Jul–3 Aug 1998 Loan Negotiations 13-15 Oct 1998 Board Approval 27 Nov 1998 Loan Agreement 29 Mar 1999 Loan Effectiveness 27 Jun 1999 16 Aug 1999 First Disbursement 15 Nov 1999 Project Completion 31 Mar 2002 Sep 2001 Loan Closing 31 Dec 2002 22 Jan 2003 Months (effectiveness to completion) 33 25 Internal Rates of Return (%) Appraisal PCR PPER Economic Internal Rate of Return 15.2 15.3 14.8 Financial Internal Rate of Return 7.1 6.8 11.1 Borrower People’s Republic of China Executing Agency Heilongjiang Hashuang Expressway Corporation Mission Data Type of Mission No. of Missions No. of Person-Days Fact-Finding 1 85 Appraisal 1 75 Project Administration Special Loan Administration 1 5 Review 3 27 Project Completion 1 38 Operations Evaluation 1 56 PPTA = project preparatory technical assistance, TA = technical assistance BASIC DATA Loan 1642-PRC: Changchun–Harbin Expressway (Changyu Expressway) Project Preparation/Institution Building TA No. TA Name Type Person- Amount Approval Months ($ ‘000) Date TA 2846 Changchun–Harbin Expressway PPTA 30 600 22 Aug 1997 (formerly called Heilongjiang and Jilin Expressway”) As per ADB Key Project Data ($ million) Loan Documents Actual Total Project Cost 540.4 470.0 Foreign Exchange Cost 230.0 184.5 Local Currency Cost 310.4 285.5 ADB Loan Amount/Utilization 220.0 91.2 ADB Loan Amount/Cancellation 128.8 Key Dates Expected Actual Fact-Finding 13–29 April 1998 Appraisal 20 Jul–3 Aug 1998 Loan Negotiations 13-15 Oct 1998 Board Approval 27 Nov 1998 Loan Agreement 14 Jan 1999 Loan Effectiveness 13 Apr 1999 16 Aug 1999 First Disbursement 15 Nov 1999 Project Completion 30 Sep 2002 Sep 2002 Loan Closing 31 Dec 2002 5 Mar 2003 Months (effectiveness to completion) 42 38 Economic Internal Rates of Return (%) Appraisal PCR PPER Economic Internal Rate of Return 21.5 17.1 18.0 Financial Internal Rate of Return 7.6 7.5 12.4 Borrower People’s Republic of China Executing Agency Jilin Provincial Expressway Corporation Mission Data Type of Mission No. of Missions No. of Person-Days Fact-Finding 1 85 Appraisal 1 75 Project Administration Special Loan Administration 1 5 Review 3 21 Project Completion 1 40 Operations Evaluation 1 56 PPTA = project preparatory technical assistance, TA = technical assistance EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report presents the findings of an evaluation of the Changchun–Harbin Expressway Project in Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces in the People’s Republic of China (PRC). In November 1998, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) approved two loans for the construction of the Changchun–Harbin Expressway Project (262 kilometers [km]). The first loan of $170 million was to finance the 102 km Hashuang Expressway, the Heilongjiang portion of the expressway; the second loan for $220 million was to finance the 160 km Changyu Expressway, the Jilin portion of the expressway. The Project included the procurement of equipment for traffic management and road maintenance, and consulting services for project supervision and training. The cost of the entire expressway covering the two sections was estimated at $937.9 million, of which 45% was the foreign exchange cost. The executing agencies were the Heilongjiang Hashuang Expressway Corporation (HHEC) for the Hashuang Expressway and Jilin Provincial Expressway Corporation (JPEC) for the Changyu Expressway. The Changchun–Harbin Expressway was one of the priority sections of the PRC’s national trunk highway system. The expressway was to complete a 262 km missing link between existing expressways in the northeast corridor section, and to complement and enhance previous investments. The Project was expected to stimulate domestic employment, production, specialization, and trade through infrastructure investment and transport cost reductions. The Project aimed at promoting economic growth in northeastern PRC, and was in line with ADB’s overall strategic objective of promoting growth and reducing poverty. The Project outcome was road transport efficiency and improved safety in the project impact area of the expressway. The policy dialogue with the Government during project formulation focused on mobilizing nongovernment resources for the highway subsector, supporting corporatization and commercialization, improving highway design standards and road safety, and introducing appropriate pricing policies. Expected beneficiaries were vehicle owners, transport operators, and bus passengers who would use the expressway. The Project was formulated using domestic feasibility studies supported by a project preparatory technical assistance grant that refined and augmented the feasibility studies. The TA carried out a detailed review of the studies, prepared an environmental impact assessment, formulated resettlement action plans, and undertook social impact assessments. The TA was completed satisfactorily. The two executing agencies, HHEC and JPEC, were established as separate companies for the construction, operation, and maintenance of their respective expressways. During implementation, HHEC and JPEC liaised with the municipalities, counties, and districts along
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Educated Youth Should Go to the Rural Areas: a Tale of Education, Employment and Social Values*
    Educated Youth Should Go to the Rural Areas: A Tale of Education, Employment and Social Values* Yang You† Harvard University This draft: July 2018 Abstract I use a quasi-random urban-dweller allocation in rural areas during Mao’s Mass Rustication Movement to identify human capital externalities in education, employment, and social values. First, rural residents acquired an additional 0.1-0.2 years of education from a 1% increase in the density of sent-down youth measured by the number of sent-down youth in 1969 over the population size in 1982. Second, as economic outcomes, people educated during the rustication period suffered from less non-agricultural employment in 1990. Conversely, in 2000, they enjoyed increased hiring in all non-agricultural occupations and lower unemployment. Third, sent-down youth changed the social values of rural residents who reported higher levels of trust, enhanced subjective well-being, altered trust from traditional Chinese medicine to Western medicine, and shifted job attitudes from objective cognitive assessments to affective job satisfaction. To explore the mechanism, I document that sent-down youth served as rural teachers with two new county-level datasets. Keywords: Human Capital Externality, Sent-down Youth, Rural Educational Development, Employment Dynamics, Social Values, Culture JEL: A13, N95, O15, I31, I25, I26 * This paper was previously titled and circulated, “Does living near urban dwellers make you smarter” in 2017 and “The golden era of Chinese rural education: evidence from Mao’s Mass Rustication Movement 1968-1980” in 2015. I am grateful to Richard Freeman, Edward Glaeser, Claudia Goldin, Wei Huang, Lawrence Katz, Lingsheng Meng, Nathan Nunn, Min Ouyang, Andrei Shleifer, and participants at the Harvard Economic History Lunch Seminar, Harvard Development Economics Lunch Seminar, and Harvard China Economy Seminar, for their helpful comments.
    [Show full text]
  • Research on Employment Difficulties and the Reasons of Typical
    2017 3rd International Conference on Education and Social Development (ICESD 2017) ISBN: 978-1-60595-444-8 Research on Employment Difficulties and the Reasons of Typical Resource-Exhausted Cities in Heilongjiang Province during the Economic Transition Wei-Wei KONG1,a,* 1School of Public Finance and Administration, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China [email protected] *Corresponding author Keywords: Typical Resource-Exhausted Cities, Economic Transition, Employment. Abstract. The highly correlation between the development and resources incurs the serious problems of employment during the economic transition, such as greater re-employment population, lower elasticity of employment, greater unemployed workers in coal industry. These problems not only hinder the social stability, but also slow the economic transition and industries updating process. We hope to push forward the economic transition of resource-based cities and therefore solve the employment problems through the following measures: developing specific modern agriculture and modern service industry, encouraging and supporting entrepreneurships, implementing re-employment trainings, strengthening the public services systems for SMEs etc. Background According to the latest statistics from the State Council for 2013, there exists 239 resource-based cities in China, including 31 growing resource-based cities, 141 mature, and 67 exhausted. In the process of economic reform, resource-based cities face a series of development challenges. In December 2007, the State Council issued the Opinions on Promoting the Sustainable Development of Resource-Based Cities. The National Development and Reform Commission identified 44 resource-exhausted cities from March 2008 to March 2009, supporting them with capital, financial policy and financial transfer payment funds. In the year of 2011, the National Twelfth Five-Year Plan proposed to promote the transformation and development of resource-exhausted area.
    [Show full text]
  • Study on Land Use/Cover Change and Ecosystem Services in Harbin, China
    sustainability Article Study on Land Use/Cover Change and Ecosystem Services in Harbin, China Dao Riao 1,2,3, Xiaomeng Zhu 1,4, Zhijun Tong 1,2,3,*, Jiquan Zhang 1,2,3,* and Aoyang Wang 1,2,3 1 School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; [email protected] (D.R.); [email protected] (X.Z.); [email protected] (A.W.) 2 State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China 3 Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China 4 Shanghai an Shan Experimental Junior High School, Shanghai 200433, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (Z.T.); [email protected] (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-1350-470-6797 (Z.T.); +86-135-9608-6467 (J.Z.) Received: 18 June 2020; Accepted: 25 July 2020; Published: 28 July 2020 Abstract: Land use/cover change (LUCC) and ecosystem service functions are current hot topics in global research on environmental change. A comprehensive analysis and understanding of the land use changes and ecosystem services, and the equilibrium state of the interaction between the natural environment and the social economy is crucial for the sustainable utilization of land resources. We used remote sensing image to research the LUCC, ecosystem service value (ESV), and ecological economic harmony (EEH) in eight main urban areas of Harbin in China from 1990 to 2015. The results show that, in the past 25 years, arable land—which is a part of ecological land—is the main source of construction land for urbanization, whereas the other ecological land is the main source of conversion to arable land.
    [Show full text]
  • Optimization Path of the Freight Channel of Heilongjiang Province
    2017 3rd International Conference on Education and Social Development (ICESD 2017) ISBN: 978-1-60595-444-8 Optimization Path of the Freight Channel of Heilongjiang Province to Russia 1,a,* 2,b Jin-Ping ZHANG , Jia-Yi YUAN 1Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2International Department of Harbin No.9 High School, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China [email protected], [email protected] * Corresponding author Keywords: Heilongjiang Province, Russia, Freight Channel, Optimization Path. Abstract. Heilongjiang Province becomes the most important province for China's import and export trade to Russia due to its unique geographical advantages and strong complementary between industry and product structure. However, the existing problems in the trade freight channel layout and traffic capacity restrict the bilateral trade scale expansion and trade efficiency improvement. Therefore, the government should engage in rational distribution of cross-border trade channel, strengthen infrastructure construction in the border port cities and node cities, and improve the software support and the quality of service on the basis of full communication and coordination with the relevant Russian government, which may contribute to upgrade bilateral economic and trade cooperation. Introduction Heilongjiang Province is irreplaceable in China's trade with Russia because of its geographical advantages, a long history of economic and trade cooperation, and complementary in industry and product structures. Its total value of import and export trade to Russia account for more than 2/3 of the whole provinces and nearly 1/4 of that of China. After years of efforts, there exist both improvement in channel infrastructure, layout and docking and problems in channel size, functional positioning and layout, as well as important node construction which do not match with cross-border freight development.
    [Show full text]
  • The First Real-Estate Development by Japanese Developers in Changchun, Jilin Province, China Marubeni Coporation and Mitsubishi Jisho Residence Co., Ltd
    July 18, 2013 Marubeni Corporation Mitsubishi Jisho Residence Co., Ltd. The First Real-Estate Development by Japanese Developers in Changchun, Jilin Province, China Marubeni Coporation and Mitsubishi Jisho Residence Co., Ltd. set off the Joint Development –“Changchun Jingyue Project (Tentative)” <Perspective of the project> Marubeni Corporation (“Marubeni”) and Mitsubishi Jisho Residence Co., Ltd. (“Mitsubishi Jisho Residence”), as the first Japanese developers, plan to implement a real-estate development project with Jilin Weifeng Industry Co., Ltd. (“Weifeng”), a local Chinese developer, in Changchun, China. This project, as our first project in Changchun, with an area of 130,000 square meters, is located in Changchun Jingyue National High-tech Industrial Development Zone (“Jingyue DZ”), concentrating on Town House and Residential. The Project Company, Changchun Top Chance Property Development Co., Ltd. (“Changchun Top Chance”) owned by Marubeni (40%), Weifeng (35%) and Mitsubishi Jisho Residence (25%), has started the construction for the release this coming fall. Changchun is the capital of Jilin Province, also a core city in the northeastern part of China, with a population of 7,620,000. It is administered as one of 15 sub-provincial cities which are independent and equivalent to provinces. Having a solid industrial basis including automobile manufacturing as typified by FAW (First Automotive Works) Group, along with manufacturing transportation facilities and processing agricultural products, Changchun is continuing double digit economic growth, which is higher than the national average. Jingyue DZ is a national-level development zone approved by the State Council in August, 2012, with an area of 479 square kilometers, of which about half of the area, 243 square kilometers, consists of forest and a lake.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 1: Rank of China's 338 Prefecture-Level Cities
    Appendix 1: Rank of China’s 338 Prefecture-Level Cities © The Author(s) 2018 149 Y. Zheng, K. Deng, State Failure and Distorted Urbanisation in Post-Mao’s China, 1993–2012, Palgrave Studies in Economic History, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92168-6 150 First-tier cities (4) Beijing Shanghai Guangzhou Shenzhen First-tier cities-to-be (15) Chengdu Hangzhou Wuhan Nanjing Chongqing Tianjin Suzhou苏州 Appendix Rank 1: of China’s 338 Prefecture-Level Cities Xi’an Changsha Shenyang Qingdao Zhengzhou Dalian Dongguan Ningbo Second-tier cities (30) Xiamen Fuzhou福州 Wuxi Hefei Kunming Harbin Jinan Foshan Changchun Wenzhou Shijiazhuang Nanning Changzhou Quanzhou Nanchang Guiyang Taiyuan Jinhua Zhuhai Huizhou Xuzhou Yantai Jiaxing Nantong Urumqi Shaoxing Zhongshan Taizhou Lanzhou Haikou Third-tier cities (70) Weifang Baoding Zhenjiang Yangzhou Guilin Tangshan Sanya Huhehot Langfang Luoyang Weihai Yangcheng Linyi Jiangmen Taizhou Zhangzhou Handan Jining Wuhu Zibo Yinchuan Liuzhou Mianyang Zhanjiang Anshan Huzhou Shantou Nanping Ganzhou Daqing Yichang Baotou Xianyang Qinhuangdao Lianyungang Zhuzhou Putian Jilin Huai’an Zhaoqing Ningde Hengyang Dandong Lijiang Jieyang Sanming Zhoushan Xiaogan Qiqihar Jiujiang Longyan Cangzhou Fushun Xiangyang Shangrao Yingkou Bengbu Lishui Yueyang Qingyuan Jingzhou Taian Quzhou Panjin Dongying Nanyang Ma’anshan Nanchong Xining Yanbian prefecture Fourth-tier cities (90) Leshan Xiangtan Zunyi Suqian Xinxiang Xinyang Chuzhou Jinzhou Chaozhou Huanggang Kaifeng Deyang Dezhou Meizhou Ordos Xingtai Maoming Jingdezhen Shaoguan
    [Show full text]
  • The First International U3as Online Art Awards 2020 ---Drawing/Painting
    The First International U3As Online Art Awards 2020 ---Drawing/Painting Winners list Premier Concours International d'art des U3As 2020 --- Liste des gagnants de dessin / peinture Nationality/N Awards/ Prix Participants U3A ationalité Top Award/ Meilleur prix Tan Hongbin Yantai Tianma U3A Chinese Golden Awards/ Prix or Yang Xuzhou Qingdao Shinan District U3A Chinese Liu Lijie Yantai Tianma U3A Chinese Silver Awards/ Prix argent Theresa U3A AUT Lebanon Lebanese BEST Expression of Abstract Awards/ Prix Abstrait Ninón Daphne Ichazo UCB universidad adulto mayor UPTE Bolivian Munter Excellence Awards/ Prix Yasumasa Arai U3J Tokyo(Heart No Kai) Japanese excellence Universidad Mexiquense del Bicentenario, Librado Ojeda Unidad de Estudios Superiores para Adultos y Mexican Adultos Mayores Ecatepec Golden Awards/ Prix or Yang Na Weihai Rushan Municipal U3A Chinese Tang Huaren Weihai Municipal U3A Chinese Silver Awards/ Prix argent Sumiko Tachibana U3J Tokyo( NPO HEART NO KAI) Japanese Liu Wentao Zaozhuang Shizhong District U3A Chinese BEST Color Awards/ Prix Zhao Zhongkun Qingdao Municipal U3A Chinese couleur Marinella Caprotti UTE Bresso Italian Excellence Awards/ Prix excellence Sarah Sergienki U3A AUT Lebanon Lebanese Josephine Swift EU Bratislava,Slovakia Slovakian MÁRIA ŠIMNOVÁ Economic University Bratislava Slovakian Golden Awards/ Prix or Eleonor Youssef Aiuta paint and creativity Lebanese Marinella Caprotti UTE Bresso Italian Silver Awards/ Prix argent Lin Zhihong Yantai Tianma U3A Chinese BEST Composition Awards/ Prix composition Eva Novotná
    [Show full text]
  • Prevalence of Hypertension and Associated Risk Factors in Dehui City of Jilin Province in China
    Journal of Human Hypertension (2015) 29,64–68 & 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved 0950-9240/15 www.nature.com/jhh ORIGINAL ARTICLE Prevalence of hypertension and associated risk factors in Dehui City of Jilin Province in China QWei1,7, J Sun2,7, J Huang3, H-Y Zhou2, Y-M Ding4, Y-C Tao5, S-M He2, Y-L Liu2 and J-Q Niu6 To evaluate the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension and its risk factors in Dehui City of Jilin Province in China. The study was performed among 3778 subjects (male ¼ 1787) in Dehui city, Jilin Province of China. The subjects completed a standard questionnaire, biochemical tests and physical examinations. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors for hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension was 41.00% in this area. The awareness, treatment and the control of hypertension were 21.82, 15.56 and 1.10%, respectively, with city areas being significantly higher than rural areas. Significant risk factors for hypertension included age, sex, central obesity, alcohol consumption, family history of hypertension, dyslipidemia, education level and type of work. Further analysis showed that diabetes for urban participants and cigarette smoking for rural participants were risk factors but were not statistically significant at the multi-variate level. The prevalence of hypertension in Dehui Ctiy of Jilin Province is higher than in other areas of China. In addition, rates of awareness and treatment of the condition are much lower than in other populations, with the control rate only 1.10%. Journal of Human Hypertension (2015) 29, 64–68; doi:10.1038/jhh.2014.32; published online 3 July 2014 INTRODUCTION other areas in Jilin Province.
    [Show full text]
  • Issues and Challenges of Governance in Chinese Urban Regions
    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2015 Metropolitanization and State Re-scaling in China: Issues and Challenges of Governance in Chinese Urban Regions Dong, Lisheng ; Kübler, Daniel Abstract: Since the 1978 reforms, city-regions are on the rise in China, and urbanisation is expected to continue as the Central Government intends to further push city development as part of the economic modernisation agenda. City-regions pose new challenges to governance. They transcend multiple local jurisdictions and often involve higher level governments. This paper aims to provide an improved un- derstanding of city-regional governance in China, focusing on three contrasting examples (the Yangtze River Delta Metropolitan Region, the Beijing- Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region, and the Guanzhong- Tianshui Metropolitan Region). We show that, in spite of a strong vertical dimension of city-regional governance in China, the role and interference of the Central Government in matters of metropolitan policy-making is variable. Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-119284 Conference or Workshop Item Accepted Version Originally published at: Dong, Lisheng; Kübler, Daniel (2015). Metropolitanization and State Re-scaling in China: Issues and Challenges of Governance in Chinese Urban Regions. In: Quality of government: understanding the post-1978 transition and prosperity of China, Shanghai, 16 October 2015 - 17 October 2015. Metropolitanization and State Re-scaling in China: Issues and Challenges of Governance in Chinese Urban Regions Lisheng DONG* & Daniel KÜBLER** * Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, P.R.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of the Process of Urban Spatial and Temporal Patterns and Its Influencing Factors in Northeast China
    Case Study Evolution of the Process of Urban Spatial and Temporal Patterns and its Influencing Factors in Northeast China Jiawen Xu1; Jianjun Zhao2; Hongyan Zhang3; and Xiaoyi Guo4 Abstract: The evolution of urban temporal and spatial patterns in Northeast China is complicated. In order to study the urbanization process in this area, explore the spatial and temporal laws of urban development in Northeast China, and find the main influencing fac- tors affecting urban development in Northeast China, DMSP/OLS images are used as data sources. Urban built-up areas in Northeast China from 1993 to 2013 are extracted and temporal and spatial patterns of urban development are studied. Combining the economic, population, industrial structure, ecological and other statistical data, a geographical detector is applied to study the main influencing factors of urban development in Northeast China. According to a selection of 10 typical cities, the annual urban expansion speed and the urbanization intensity index are calculated to quantitatively analyze the development of typical cities. The present study indi- cates that the urbanization process in Northeast China was slow during 1995–1996. In fact, except for Daqing, the other typical cities developed slowly before 2003. While the urbanization process accelerated after 2003, it reached to its maximum rate in 2010. Moreover, it is observed that from 1993 to 2013, centers of cities gradually moved to their regional centers. On the other hand, it is concluded that from 2004 to 2013, the regional gross domestic product (GDP), GDP of the secondary industry, gross industrial product, GDP of the tertiary industry and the total investment in fixed assets were main indicators of the urbanization that affected change in the urban built- up area in Northeast China.
    [Show full text]
  • China Russia
    1 1 1 1 Acheng 3 Lesozavodsk 3 4 4 0 Didao Jixi 5 0 5 Shuangcheng Shangzhi Link? ou ? ? ? ? Hengshan ? 5 SEA OF 5 4 4 Yushu Wuchang OKHOTSK Dehui Mudanjiang Shulan Dalnegorsk Nongan Hailin Jiutai Jishu CHINA Kavalerovo Jilin Jiaohe Changchun RUSSIA Dunhua Uglekamensk HOKKAIDOO Panshi Huadian Tumen Partizansk Sapporo Hunchun Vladivostok Liaoyuan Chaoyang Longjing Yanji Nahodka Meihekou Helong Hunjiang Najin Badaojiang Tong Hua Hyesan Kanggye Aomori Kimchaek AOMORI ? ? 0 AKITA 0 4 DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S 4 REPUBLIC OF KOREA Akita Morioka IWATE SEA O F Pyongyang GULF OF KOREA JAPAN Nampo YAMAJGATAA PAN Yamagata MIYAGI Sendai Haeju Niigata Euijeongbu Chuncheon Bucheon Seoul NIIGATA Weonju Incheon Anyang ISIKAWA ChechonREPUBLIC OF HUKUSIMA Suweon KOREA TOTIGI Cheonan Chungju Toyama Cheongju Kanazawa GUNMA IBARAKI TOYAMA PACIFIC OCEAN Nagano Mito Andong Maebashi Daejeon Fukui NAGANO Kunsan Daegu Pohang HUKUI SAITAMA Taegu YAMANASI TOOKYOO YELLOW Ulsan Tottori GIFU Tokyo Matsue Gifu Kofu Chiba SEA TOTTORI Kawasaki KANAGAWA Kwangju Masan KYOOTO Yokohama Pusan SIMANE Nagoya KANAGAWA TIBA ? HYOOGO Kyoto SIGA SIZUOKA ? 5 Suncheon Chinhae 5 3 Otsu AITI 3 OKAYAMA Kobe Nara Shizuoka Yeosu HIROSIMA Okayama Tsu KAGAWA HYOOGO Hiroshima OOSAKA Osaka MIE YAMAGUTI OOSAKA Yamaguchi Takamatsu WAKAYAMA NARA JAPAN Tokushima Wakayama TOKUSIMA Matsuyama National Capital Fukuoka HUKUOKA WAKAYAMA Jeju EHIME Provincial Capital Cheju Oita Kochi SAGA KOOTI City, town EAST CHINA Saga OOITA Major Airport SEA NAGASAKI Kumamoto Roads Nagasaki KUMAMOTO Railroad Lake MIYAZAKI River, lake JAPAN KAGOSIMA Miyazaki International Boundary Provincial Boundary Kagoshima 0 12.5 25 50 75 100 Kilometers Miles 0 10 20 40 60 80 ? ? ? ? 0 5 0 5 3 3 4 4 1 1 1 1 The boundaries and names show n and t he designations us ed on this map do not imply of ficial endors ement or acceptance by the United N at ions.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Register/Vol. 83, No. 248/Friday, December 28, 2018
    Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 248 / Friday, December 28, 2018 / Notices 67229 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE complete description of the scope of this Dunhau City Jisen, Fusong Jinqui, administrative review, see the Huzhou Jesonwood, and Shanghaifloor. International Trade Administration 4 Preliminary Decision Memorandum. Intent To Rescind Administrative [C–570–971] Rescission of Administrative Review, in Review, in Part Multilayered Wood Flooring From the Part We received timely filed no-shipment People’s Republic of China: certifications from eight companies.8 Pursuant to 19 CFR 351.213(d)(1), the Commerce issued no-shipment inquiries Preliminary Results of Countervailing Secretary will rescind an administrative Duty Administrative Review, to U.S. Customs and Border Protection review, in whole or in part, if the parties (CBP) requesting any information that Rescission of Review, in Part, and that requested a review withdraw the Intent To Rescind Review, in Part; 2016 may contradict the no-shipment claims. request within 90 days of the date of We have not received information from AGENCY: Enforcement and Compliance, publication of the notice of initiation of CBP to date that contradicts Anhui Boya International Trade Administration, the requested review. This review was Bamboo & Wood Products Co., Ltd.’s, Department of Commerce. initiated on February 23, 2018. On Chinafloors Timber (China) Co., Ltd.’s, SUMMARY: The Department of Commerce March 14, 2018, Huzhou Jesonwood Jiangsu Keri Wood Co., Ltd.’s, Jiashan (Commerce) preliminarily determines submitted a withdrawal request within On-Line Lumber Co., Ltd.’s, Kingman that countervailable subsidies are being the 90-day deadline.5 On May 7, 2018, Floors Co., Ltd.’s, Linyi Bonn Flooring provided to producers and exporters of Dalian Penghong and 15 other Manufacturing Co., Ltd.’s, and Zhejiang multilayered wood flooring (wood companies submitted withdrawal Shiyou Timber Co., Ltd.’s claims of no flooring) from the People’s Republic of requests.6 The petitioner filed sales, shipments or entries of subject China (PRC).
    [Show full text]