DOCSLIB.ORG

Investigation of Borrelia Spp. in Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Investigation of Borrelia Spp. in Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine (2012)459-464 459 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine journal homepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/apjtm Document heading doi: Investigation of Borrelia spp. in ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) at the border crossings between China and Russia in Heilongjiang Province, China Shi Liu1, Chao Yuan2, Yun-Fu Cui1*, Bai-Xiang Li3, Li-Jie Wu3, Ying Liu4 1The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People s Republic of China 2 ' Daqing Oilfield General Hospital Group Rangbei Hospital, Daqing, 163114, People s Republic of China 3 ' Harbin Medical University School of Public Health, Harbin 150001, People s Republic of China 4 ' The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, QiqiHar 161002, People s Republic of China ' ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Objective: Borrelia To investigate the precise species of tick vector andMethods: the spirochete pathogen Received 15 February 2012 at the Heilongjiang Province international border with Russia. In this study, ticks were Received in revised form 15 March 2012 collected from 12 Heilongjiang border crossings (including grasslands, shrublands, forests, and Accepted 15 April 2012 plantantions) to determine the rate and species type of spirochete-infected ticks and the most Available online 20 June 2012 Results: prevalent spirochete genotypes. The ticks represented three genera and four species Ixodes persulcatus Dermacentor silvarum Haemaphysalis concinna of the Ixodidae family [ , , and Haemaphysalis japonica Ixodes persulcatus Borrelia burgdorferi sensu ]. had the highest amount of Keywords: lato Borrelia Ixodes persulcatus infection of 25.6% and the most common species of isolated from Borrelia garinii Conclusions: Borrelia garinii Lyme disease was , strain PD91. Our results suggest that PD91- Tick Ixodes persulcatus Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato infected may be the principal cause of Lyme disease in the border crossing Borrelia garinii areas of Heilongjiang Province. clinically reported by at least 29 provinces, and more than 1. Introduction Borrelia burgdorferi 130 strains of sensu lato have been isolated from infected patients, ticks, and animals[5,6]. Lyme disease is a tick-borne zoonotic infection caused The prevalence of Lyme disease is known to correlate Borrelia by spirochetal bacteria of the genus[1]. Three with the geographic distributions and activities of vector Borrelia Ixodes scapularis species of account for the majority of cases in ticks[7]. In North America, the (Acari: Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto Ixodidae dentatus North America and Asia ( ) Ixodidae) and (Acari: Ixodidae) are Borrelia afzelii B. afzelii Borrelia garinii and Europe [ ( ) and the most common vectors in the Eastern regions[8], while B. garinii Ixodidae pacificus ( )][2]. The annual global incidence was estimated (Acari: Ixodidae) is the most common in Ixodidae ricinus at more than 0.3 million cases in 2009[3], with a projected the western regions[9]. In Europe, (Acari: Borrelia increase in case number due to continued urban sprawl and Ixodidae) is the most common vector[10]. In China, burgdorferi Ixodidae increased deforestation and contact between humans and sensu lato has been isolated from persulcatus I. persulcatus Ixodidae animals. ( )(Acari: Ixodidae), granulatus I. granulatus Ixodidae In China, the first reported case of Lyme disease came ( ) (Acari: Ixodidae), acutitarsus Haemaphysalis concinna H. from the forest region of Hailin County in Heilongjiang (Acari: Ixodidae), ( concinna Haemaphysalis japonica H. Province in 1986[4]. Since then, Lyme disease has been ) (Acari: Ixodidae), ( japonica Haemaphysalis longicornis H. ) (Acari: Ixodidae), ( longicornis Haemaphysalis bispinosa ) (Acari: Ixodidae), * H. bispinosa Haemaphysalis cornigera : Corresponding author: Prof. Yun-Fu Cui, Department of General Surgery, The ( ) (Acari: Ixodidae), Rhipicephalus microplus 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.148 Baojian Road, Nangang (Acari: Ixodidae), (Acari: District, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China. Dermacentor nuttalli Ixodidae), (Acari: Ixodidae), and Tel: +86-451-86605113 Dermacentor silvarum D. silvarum E-mail: [email protected] ( ) (Acari: Ixodidae)[11,12]. et al./Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine (2012)459-464 460 Shi Liu Each of these species occupies different geographic niches. I. persulcatus The species is the most prevalent tick in the Inner Monglia, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Xinjiang, H. longicornis Ningxia and Hebei Provinces. dominates the I. granulatus Henan and Shandong Provinces. dominates the Fujian, Guangdong, Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces. H. bispinosa is most prevalent in Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Jiangsu and Anhui Provinces[13]. The Heilongjiang Province in Northeast China is not only an endemic region of Lyme disease but represents a unique envirionment that supports transmission since it is situated on the Russian border and the site of international trade. However, little is known about the distinctive epidemiologic factors of the 12 border crossings encompassed within this region. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the Borellia rates and species of spirochete-infected ticks and pathogens in the 12 border crossings of Heilongjiang. Figure 1. Survey areas. ° ′ ° ′ ° ′ ° ′ 1, Dongning (43 25 -44 35 N and 129 53 -131 18 E); 2, Suifenhe 2. Materials and methods ° ′ ° ′ ° ′ ° ′ ° ′ (43 20 -44 40 N and 130 00 -130 40 E); 3, Mishan (45 01 - ° ′ ° ′ ° ′ ° ′ ° ′ 45 55 N and 131 14 -133 08 E); 4, Hulin (45 23 -46 36 N and ° ′ ° ′ ° ′ ° ′ ° ′ 2.1. Survey area and tick collection 132 11 -133 56 E); 5, Raohe (46 30 -47 34 N and 133 07 - ° ′ º ′ º ′ º ′ º ′ 134 20 E); 6, Tongjiang (47 25 -48 17 N and 132 18 -134 07 E); ° ′ ° ′ ° ′ ° ′ 7, Luobei (47 12 -48 21 N and 130 01 -131 34 E); 8, Fuyuan ° ′ ° ′ ° ′ ° ′ º ′ The 12 Heilongjiang border crossings include Dongning, (47 25 -48 27 N and 133 40 -135 05 E); 9, Jiayin (48 83 - º ′ º ′ º ′ ° ′ ° ′ Suifenhe, Mishan, Hulin, Raohe, Fuyuan, Tongjiang, Luobei, 49 26 N and 129 09 -130 50 E); 10, Xunke (47 58 -49 36 N ° ′ ° ′ º ′ º ′ º ′ Jiayin, Xunke, Heihe, and Mohe. These crossings join China to and 127 24 -129 17 E); 11, Heihe (47 42 -51 03 N and 124 45 - ° ´ ° ´ º ′ ° ′ ° ′ ° ′ ° ′ the far-Eastern region of Russia, located at 43 25 -50 47 N and 129 18 E); and 12, Mohe (52 10 -53 33 N and 121 07 -124 20 E). ° ´ ° ´ 125 03 135 05 1 - E (Figure ). The international border region 2.3. DNA extraction ranges in altitude from 40 m to 1 100 m above sea level, and has a subarctic climate (3.6 曟 annual mean temperature, ~120 day frost-free season, and 500-600 mm annual mean rainfall) and Total DNA was extracted from the cultured spirochetes, geographic regions ranging from swamps and wetlands to plains a panel of international standard strains (B31, 20047 and VS461 PD91, and mountains. ), and a panel of Chinese representative strains ( FP1, GS1 CS4 For this study, ticks were collected by flagging from and ; supplied by the Epidemiology Institute, plantations, forests, shrublands and grasslands of each of the Chinese Center for Disease Control, Beijing, China) using the previously described method[16]. DNA concentration was 12 border crossing areas during their peak activity period determined by spectrophotometry. (early May to mid June) in 2009. All specimens were stored at 4 曟 until analyses. 2.4. PCR and sequencing 2.2. Spirochete isolation and cultivation PCR amplification of the 5S-23S rRNA gene from each subculture of spriochetes was carried out by the previously An entomologist (Lin Shi) identified the species of the described method[17]. PCR products were separated using collected ticks. Isolation and cultivation of spirochetes from 1.5% agarose gel electrophoresis, stained with ethidium infected ticks were carried out according to the previously bromide, visualized under UV, and gel purified. An aliquot described methods[14]. The spirochetes from inidividual ticks of the purified sample was confirmed by sequencing (Boya were cultivated for eight weeks, with weekly monitoring Biotechnology Corp., Shanghai, China). by dark-field microscopy, after which the cultures split 2.5. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and propagated as subcultures. The infectivity rate of analysis each spirochete culture was determined according to the previously described procedure[15]. Once identified, the strains were deposited in the repository at the Heilongjiang For RFLP anlaysis, 5S-23S rRNA amplicons were digested Mse Dra Province Center for Disease Control. with 栺 and 栺, as previously described[18]. The et al./Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine (2012)459-464 Shi Liu 461 digested DNA was then electrophoresed through 16% 60 polyacrylamide gels for 3 h at 100 V. The gels were silver 50 stained and the banding pattern was visualized under white 40 light. 30 2.6. Statistical analysis 20 Spirochete prevalence ratios prevalence Spirochete Chi 10 The -square test was used to evaluate the preferred 0 habitats among the various tick species. One-way ANOVA Hulin Jiayin Mohe Chi Mishan Raohe Fuyuan Luobei Xunke and -square tests were used to examine the regional DongningSuifenhe Tongjiang differences for the various tick species. The spirochete Figure 2. I. persulcatus prevalence ratios were calculated as binomial error The spirochete prevalence ratios of at different Chi locations. estimates and analyzed among the locations by the - ± ± P From left to right, the ratios (%)
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Educated Youth Should Go to the Rural Areas: a Tale of Education, Employment and Social Values*
    Educated Youth Should Go to the Rural Areas: A Tale of Education, Employment and Social Values* Yang You† Harvard University This draft: July 2018 Abstract I use a quasi-random urban-dweller allocation in rural areas during Mao’s Mass Rustication Movement to identify human capital externalities in education, employment, and social values. First, rural residents acquired an additional 0.1-0.2 years of education from a 1% increase in the density of sent-down youth measured by the number of sent-down youth in 1969 over the population size in 1982. Second, as economic outcomes, people educated during the rustication period suffered from less non-agricultural employment in 1990. Conversely, in 2000, they enjoyed increased hiring in all non-agricultural occupations and lower unemployment. Third, sent-down youth changed the social values of rural residents who reported higher levels of trust, enhanced subjective well-being, altered trust from traditional Chinese medicine to Western medicine, and shifted job attitudes from objective cognitive assessments to affective job satisfaction. To explore the mechanism, I document that sent-down youth served as rural teachers with two new county-level datasets. Keywords: Human Capital Externality, Sent-down Youth, Rural Educational Development, Employment Dynamics, Social Values, Culture JEL: A13, N95, O15, I31, I25, I26 * This paper was previously titled and circulated, “Does living near urban dwellers make you smarter” in 2017 and “The golden era of Chinese rural education: evidence from Mao’s Mass Rustication Movement 1968-1980” in 2015. I am grateful to Richard Freeman, Edward Glaeser, Claudia Goldin, Wei Huang, Lawrence Katz, Lingsheng Meng, Nathan Nunn, Min Ouyang, Andrei Shleifer, and participants at the Harvard Economic History Lunch Seminar, Harvard Development Economics Lunch Seminar, and Harvard China Economy Seminar, for their helpful comments.
    [Show full text]
  • Changchun–Harbin Expressway Project
    Performance Evaluation Report Project Number: PPE : PRC 30389 Loan Numbers: 1641/1642 December 2006 People’s Republic of China: Changchun–Harbin Expressway Project Operations Evaluation Department CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS Currency Unit – yuan (CNY) At Appraisal At Project Completion At Operations Evaluation (July 1998) (August 2004) (December 2006) CNY1.00 = $0.1208 $0.1232 $0.1277 $1.00 = CNY8.28 CNY8.12 CNY7.83 ABBREVIATIONS AADT – annual average daily traffic ADB – Asian Development Bank CDB – China Development Bank DMF – design and monitoring framework EIA – environmental impact assessment EIRR – economic internal rate of return FIRR – financial internal rate of return GDP – gross domestic product ha – hectare HHEC – Heilongjiang Hashuang Expressway Corporation HPCD – Heilongjiang Provincial Communications Department ICB – international competitive bidding JPCD – Jilin Provincial Communications Department JPEC – Jilin Provincial Expressway Corporation MOC – Ministry of Communications NTHS – national trunk highway system O&M – operations and maintenance OEM – Operations Evaluation Mission PCD – provincial communication department PCR – project completion report PPTA – project preparatory technical assistance PRC – People’s Republic of China RRP – report and recommendation of the President TA – technical assistance VOC – vehicle operating cost NOTE In this report, “$” refers to US dollars. Keywords asian development bank, development effectiveness, expressways, people’s republic of china, performance evaluation, heilongjiang province, jilin province, transport Director Ramesh Adhikari, Operations Evaluation Division 2, OED Team leader Marco Gatti, Senior Evaluation Specialist, OED Team members Vivien Buhat-Ramos, Evaluation Officer, OED Anna Silverio, Operations Evaluation Assistant, OED Irene Garganta, Operations Evaluation Assistant, OED Operations Evaluation Department, PE-696 CONTENTS Page BASIC DATA v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY vii MAPS xi I. INTRODUCTION 1 A.
    [Show full text]
  • Optimization Path of the Freight Channel of Heilongjiang Province
    2017 3rd International Conference on Education and Social Development (ICESD 2017) ISBN: 978-1-60595-444-8 Optimization Path of the Freight Channel of Heilongjiang Province to Russia 1,a,* 2,b Jin-Ping ZHANG , Jia-Yi YUAN 1Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2International Department of Harbin No.9 High School, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China [email protected], [email protected] * Corresponding author Keywords: Heilongjiang Province, Russia, Freight Channel, Optimization Path. Abstract. Heilongjiang Province becomes the most important province for China's import and export trade to Russia due to its unique geographical advantages and strong complementary between industry and product structure. However, the existing problems in the trade freight channel layout and traffic capacity restrict the bilateral trade scale expansion and trade efficiency improvement. Therefore, the government should engage in rational distribution of cross-border trade channel, strengthen infrastructure construction in the border port cities and node cities, and improve the software support and the quality of service on the basis of full communication and coordination with the relevant Russian government, which may contribute to upgrade bilateral economic and trade cooperation. Introduction Heilongjiang Province is irreplaceable in China's trade with Russia because of its geographical advantages, a long history of economic and trade cooperation, and complementary in industry and product structures. Its total value of import and export trade to Russia account for more than 2/3 of the whole provinces and nearly 1/4 of that of China. After years of efforts, there exist both improvement in channel infrastructure, layout and docking and problems in channel size, functional positioning and layout, as well as important node construction which do not match with cross-border freight development.
    [Show full text]
  • Economic Strategy for the Sustainable Development of Ice-Snow Tourism in Heilongjiang Province
    The Frontiers of Society, Science and Technology ISSN 2616-7433 Vol. 1, Issue 5: 130-134, DOI: 10.25236/FSST.19010523 Economic Strategy for the Sustainable Development of Ice-snow Tourism in Heilongjiang Province Zhongquan Ma1, Fang Cao2 1. Harbin Institute of Technology, Heilongjiang 150001, China 2. Bohai University, Liaoning 121013, China ABSTRACT. Heilongjiang Province has unique ice-snow tourism resources, with the largest snow fall and the longest snow period in China. Its annual snow and ice period is 4 to 5 months. Hence, it is the province with the best ice-snow tourism conditions in China. Heilongjiang Province established Harbin Harbin Ice Lantern Exhibition in 1963, held the Ice and Snow Festival in 1985 and the Ice and Snow World in 1998. It has formed its own characteristics and advantages of ice-snow tourism and promoted the economic development of Heilongjiang Province. With the further development of science, technology and economy, the ice-snow tourism in Heilongjiang has entered a new stage of development. At this stage, it is an important issue worth studying that how to achieve sustainable development of ice- snow tourism in Heilongjiang Province. KEYWORDS: Heilongjiang province; Ice-snow tourism; Sustainable development; Economic strategy 1. Introduction Heilongjiang Province is the most northern province with the most latitude in China. The 0 ℃ contour of the annual average temperature passes through the middle part of the province. With the earliest snowfall and the latest snowfall in China, Heilongjiang Province has heavy snowfall and long snow period. The snow is clean and rich, with moderate hardness. It is the best province to develop ice-snow tourism in China.
    [Show full text]
  • Organ Harvesting
    Refugee Review Tribunal AUSTRALIA RRT RESEARCH RESPONSE Research Response Number: CHN31387 Country: China Date: 14 February 2007 Keywords: China – Heilongjiang – Harbin – Falun Gong – Organ harvesting This response was prepared by the Country Research Section of the Refugee Review Tribunal (RRT) after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the RRT within time constraints. This response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. Questions 1. Does No 1 Harbin hospital exist and have there been any reports or allegations of organ harvesting at that hospital? 2. Any reports or allegations of organ harvesting in A’chen District, Ha’erbin, Heilongjiang China 3.Any significant protests against organ harvesting in this part of China that they applicant may have attended or would know about? 4. Details of particular hospitals or areas where it has been alleged that organ harvesting is taking place 5. If the applicant has conducted ‘research’ what sort of things might he know about? 6. Any prominent people or reports related to this topic that the applicant may be aware of. 7. Anything else of relevance. RESPONSE 1. Does No 1 Harbin hospital exist and have there been any reports or allegations of organ harvesting at that hospital? Sources indicate that ‘No 1 Harbin Hospital’ does exist. References also mention a No 1 Harbin Hospital that is affiliated with Harbin Medical University. No reports regarding organ harvesting at No 1 Harbin Hospital where found in the sources consulted. Falun Gong sources have however provided reports alleging organ harvesting activities within No.1 Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical School.
    [Show full text]
  • China Russia
    1 1 1 1 Acheng 3 Lesozavodsk 3 4 4 0 Didao Jixi 5 0 5 Shuangcheng Shangzhi Link? ou ? ? ? ? Hengshan ? 5 SEA OF 5 4 4 Yushu Wuchang OKHOTSK Dehui Mudanjiang Shulan Dalnegorsk Nongan Hailin Jiutai Jishu CHINA Kavalerovo Jilin Jiaohe Changchun RUSSIA Dunhua Uglekamensk HOKKAIDOO Panshi Huadian Tumen Partizansk Sapporo Hunchun Vladivostok Liaoyuan Chaoyang Longjing Yanji Nahodka Meihekou Helong Hunjiang Najin Badaojiang Tong Hua Hyesan Kanggye Aomori Kimchaek AOMORI ? ? 0 AKITA 0 4 DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S 4 REPUBLIC OF KOREA Akita Morioka IWATE SEA O F Pyongyang GULF OF KOREA JAPAN Nampo YAMAJGATAA PAN Yamagata MIYAGI Sendai Haeju Niigata Euijeongbu Chuncheon Bucheon Seoul NIIGATA Weonju Incheon Anyang ISIKAWA ChechonREPUBLIC OF HUKUSIMA Suweon KOREA TOTIGI Cheonan Chungju Toyama Cheongju Kanazawa GUNMA IBARAKI TOYAMA PACIFIC OCEAN Nagano Mito Andong Maebashi Daejeon Fukui NAGANO Kunsan Daegu Pohang HUKUI SAITAMA Taegu YAMANASI TOOKYOO YELLOW Ulsan Tottori GIFU Tokyo Matsue Gifu Kofu Chiba SEA TOTTORI Kawasaki KANAGAWA Kwangju Masan KYOOTO Yokohama Pusan SIMANE Nagoya KANAGAWA TIBA ? HYOOGO Kyoto SIGA SIZUOKA ? 5 Suncheon Chinhae 5 3 Otsu AITI 3 OKAYAMA Kobe Nara Shizuoka Yeosu HIROSIMA Okayama Tsu KAGAWA HYOOGO Hiroshima OOSAKA Osaka MIE YAMAGUTI OOSAKA Yamaguchi Takamatsu WAKAYAMA NARA JAPAN Tokushima Wakayama TOKUSIMA Matsuyama National Capital Fukuoka HUKUOKA WAKAYAMA Jeju EHIME Provincial Capital Cheju Oita Kochi SAGA KOOTI City, town EAST CHINA Saga OOITA Major Airport SEA NAGASAKI Kumamoto Roads Nagasaki KUMAMOTO Railroad Lake MIYAZAKI River, lake JAPAN KAGOSIMA Miyazaki International Boundary Provincial Boundary Kagoshima 0 12.5 25 50 75 100 Kilometers Miles 0 10 20 40 60 80 ? ? ? ? 0 5 0 5 3 3 4 4 1 1 1 1 The boundaries and names show n and t he designations us ed on this map do not imply of ficial endors ement or acceptance by the United N at ions.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of Clematidis Radix Et Rhizoma and Its Adulterants by Core Haplotype Based on the ITS Sequences
    Identification of Clematidis radix et Rhizoma and its adulterants by core haplotype based on the ITS sequences Yi-Mei Zang1, Ya Gao2, Ying Liu3, Chun-Sheng Liu3 1Beijing City University, Beijing, China 2Chengde Center for Disease Prevention and Contral, Chengde, China 3School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China Corresponding author: Chun Sheng Liu E-mail: [email protected] Genet. Mol. Res. 17 (2): gmr16039905 Received February 27, 2018 Accepted April 07, 2018 Published April 15, 2018 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/gmr16039905 Copyright © 2018 The Authors. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) 4.0 License. ABSTRACT. To develop a method to identify Clematidis radix et Rhizoma using sequence similarity and sequence-specific genetic polymorphisms based on the ITS sequences. DNA was extracted from leaves of Clematis mandshurica Rupr and C. hexapetala using a DNA extraction kit. ITS sequences were amplified by PCR, and analyzed in Contig Express, DNAman, and MEGA 5.0. The core haplotype was determined, and similarities between the core and other haplotypes were calculated. In total, 138 ITS sequences of C. mandshurica were obtained with a length of 611 bp. The similarity threshold between C. mandshurica and counterfeit species was 99%. Using specific mutation sites, we could identify C. chinensis, C. hexapetala, and C. mandshurica rapidly and accurately. A new DNA-based method has been established to rapidly and accurately identify Clematidis radix et Rhizoma. Key words: Clematidis radix et Rhizoma; Core haplotype; Identification threshold; Mutation sites INTRODUCTION Clematidis radix et Rhizoma is the dry radix and rhizome of Clematis chinensis Osbeck, C.
    [Show full text]
  • Considering the Dynamic Dependence of Icing-Inducing Factors
    Exploring the Highway Icing Risk: Considering the Dynamic Dependence of Icing-Inducing Factors Qiang Liu Harbin Institute of Technology Aiping Tang ( [email protected] ) Harbin Institute of Technology Zhongyue Wang Harbin Institute of Technology Buyue Zhao Beijing Jiaotong University Research Article Keywords: Dependence analysis, Exceeding probability, Hazard, Vulnerability, Transportation risk Posted Date: April 22nd, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-445530/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License 1 Exploring the highway icing risk: Considering the dynamic 2 dependence of icing-inducing factors 3 Qiang Liu a, Aiping Tang a, b *, Zhongyue Wang a，Buyue Zhao c 4 a School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China 5 b Key Lab of Smart Prevention and Mitigation of Civil Engineering Disasters of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, 6 Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150090, China 7 c School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China 8 Abstract：In terms of the dynamic dependence between icing-inducing factors, this study is to explore the risk 9 distribution of highways when icing events occur in the study area. A joint distribution considering the dynamic 10 correlation of inducing factors was first constructed employing the Copula theory, which then yielded the 11 possibility of icing events. Meanwhile, hazard zones and intensities of icing were proposed under different 12 exceeding probabilities. After finishing the vulnerability analysis of highways, the risk matrix was used to conduct 13 the icing risk for the highway, which was then applied to the construction of the risk zoning map.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2019
    HAITONG SECURITIES CO., LTD. 海通證券股份有限公司 Annual Report 2019 2019 年度報告 2019 年度報告 Annual Report CONTENTS Section I DEFINITIONS AND MATERIAL RISK WARNINGS 4 Section II COMPANY PROFILE AND KEY FINANCIAL INDICATORS 8 Section III SUMMARY OF THE COMPANY’S BUSINESS 25 Section IV REPORT OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS 33 Section V SIGNIFICANT EVENTS 85 Section VI CHANGES IN ORDINARY SHARES AND PARTICULARS ABOUT SHAREHOLDERS 123 Section VII PREFERENCE SHARES 134 Section VIII DIRECTORS, SUPERVISORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES 135 Section IX CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 191 Section X CORPORATE BONDS 233 Section XI FINANCIAL REPORT 242 Section XII DOCUMENTS AVAILABLE FOR INSPECTION 243 Section XIII INFORMATION DISCLOSURES OF SECURITIES COMPANY 244 IMPORTANT NOTICE The Board, the Supervisory Committee, Directors, Supervisors and senior management of the Company warrant the truthfulness, accuracy and completeness of contents of this annual report (the “Report”) and that there is no false representation, misleading statement contained herein or material omission from this Report, for which they will assume joint and several liabilities. This Report was considered and approved at the seventh meeting of the seventh session of the Board. All the Directors of the Company attended the Board meeting. None of the Directors or Supervisors has made any objection to this Report. Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu (Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu and Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Certified Public Accountants LLP (Special General Partnership)) have audited the annual financial reports of the Company prepared in accordance with PRC GAAP and IFRS respectively, and issued a standard and unqualified audit report of the Company. All financial data in this Report are denominated in RMB unless otherwise indicated.
    [Show full text]
  • Characteristics of Spatial Connection Based on Intercity Passenger Traffic Flow in Harbin- Changchun Urban Agglomeration, China Research Paper
    Guo, R.; Wu, T.; Wu, X.C. Characteristics of Spatial Connection Based on Intercity Passenger Traffic Flow in Harbin- Changchun Urban Agglomeration, China Research Paper Characteristics of Spatial Connection Based on Intercity Passenger Traffic Flow in Harbin-Changchun Urban Agglomeration, China Rong Guo, School of Architecture，Harbin Institute of Technology，Key Laboratory of Cold Region Urban and Rural Human Settlement Environment Science and Technology，Ministry of Industry and Information Technology，Harbin 150006，China Tong Wu, School of Architecture，Harbin Institute of Technology，Key Laboratory of Cold Region Urban and Rural Human Settlement Environment Science and Technology，Ministry of Industry and Information Technology，Harbin 150006，China Xiaochen Wu, School of Architecture，Harbin Institute of Technology，Key Laboratory of Cold Region Urban and Rural Human Settlement Environment Science and Technology，Ministry of Industry and Information Technology，Harbin 150006，China Abstract With the continuous improvement of transportation facilities and information networks, the obstruction of distance in geographic space has gradually weakened, and the hotspots of urban geography research have gradually changed from the previous city hierarchy to the characteristics of urban connections and networks. As the main carrier and manifestation of elements, mobility such as people and material, traffic flow is of great significance for understanding the characteristics of spatial connection. In this paper, Harbin-Changchun agglomeration proposed by China's New Urbanization Plan (2014-2020) is taken as a research object. With the data of intercity passenger traffic flow including highway and railway passenger trips between 73 county-level spatial units in the research area, a traffic flow model is constructed to measure the intensity of spatial connection.
    [Show full text]
  • The Construction and Optimization of Ecological Security Pattern in the Harbin-Changchun Urban Agglomeration, China
    Article The Construction and Optimization of Ecological Security Pattern in the Harbin-Changchun Urban Agglomeration, China Rong Guo 1, Tong Wu 1,*, Mengran Liu 2, Mengshi Huang 1, Luigi Stendardo 3 and Yutong Zhang 4 1 Key Laboratory of Cold Region Urban and Rural Human Settlement Environment Science and Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China; [email protected] (R.G.); [email protected] (M.H.) 2 Key Laboratory of Forest Plan Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; [email protected] 3 Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Padova University, 35131 Padova, Italy; [email protected] 4 Department of Agriculture and Forestry Economic Management, School of Economic Management, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-135-0360-9537 Received: 03 March 2019; Accepted: 30 March 2019; Published: 2 April 2019 Abstract: Urban agglomerations have become a new geographical unit in China, breaking the administrative fortresses between cities, which means that the population and economic activities between cities will become more intensive in the future. Constructing and optimizing the ecological security pattern of urban agglomerations is important for promoting harmonious social-economic development and ecological protection. Using the Harbin-Changchun urban agglomeration as a case study, we have identified ecological sources based on the evaluation of ecosystem functions. Based on the resistance surface modified by nighttime light (NTL) data, the potential ecological corridors were identified using the least-cost path method, and key ecological corridors were extracted using the gravity model.
    [Show full text]
  • 3 Òèõîîêåàíñêàß Ãåîëîãèß, 2015, Òîì 34, № 1, Ñ. 3–12 Zhang
    ÈÕÎÎÊÅÀÍÑÊÀß ÃÅÎËÎÃÈß, 2015, òîì 34, 1, ñ. 3–12 УДК 551.73[551.781.33]:(510) LATE PALEOZOIC-EARLY MESOZOIC TECTONIC EVOLUTION IN THE EAST MARGIN OF THE JIAMUSI MASSIF, EASTERN NORTHEASTERN CHINA Zhang XingZhou, Guo Ye, Zhou JianBo, Zeng Zhen, Pu JianBin, Fu QiuLin College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, Jilin, China, e-mail: [email protected] Поступила в редакцию 7 июля 2014 г. The Jiamusi massif is a major tectonic unit in the eastern part of NE China and composed chiefl y of the Early Paleozoic (about 500 Ma) metamorphosed crystalline basement containing Precambrian, even Archean crust and three suites of unmetamorphosed continental marginal sedimentary formations of the Devonian-Lower Carboniferous, the Late Carboniferous- Permian and the Late Triassic, which are similar to those in the Bureya and Khanka massifs in Russia. In the Devonian-Lower Carboniferous, the microcontinent consisting of the Jiamusi and Songnen massifs in China and the Bureya and Khanka massifs in Russia evolved independently, the eastern part of which was a passive continental margin, where a suite of the marine sedimentary-volcanic formation is overlain unconformably on the crystalline basement. The regional stratigraphic break in the middle Carboniferous in the whole northeastern China was related to the collision of the microcontinent with the Argun- Hinggan microcontinent in the west, indicating the formation of a new amalgamated continent (Heilongjiang plate). Therefore, the Late Carboniferous-Permian volcanic-sedimentary formation is the fi rst unitary cover on the Heilongjiang plate. The Late Carboniferous-Permian and the Late Triassic sedimentary formations in the eastern part of the Jiamusi-Bureya-Khanka microcontinent represent the evolutional features of the eastern continental margin of the Heilongjiang plate.
    [Show full text]