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Two-Dimensional Water Environment Numerical Simulation Research Based on EFDC in Mudan River, Northeast China

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Two-Dimensional Water Environment Numerical Simulation Research Based on EFDC in Mudan River, Northeast China 2015 IEEE European Modelling Symposium Two-Dimensional Water Environment Numerical Simulation Research Based on EFDC in Mudan River,Northeast China Gula Tang1, 2, 3*, Jing Li4, Yunqiang Zhu1, Zhaoliang Li2, Françoise Nerry2 1 State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information Systems, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 2 ICube (UMR 7357), UdS,CNRS, Strasbourg, France 3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 4 Institute of Environmental Sciences of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang, China e-mail:[email protected] Abstract—This paper establishes a two-dimensional (2D) from which massive industrial effluents and sanitary numerical simulation model for water environment of sewage are discharged into the Mudan River in various Mudan River using hydrodynamic and water quality model means, bringing low water quality in Mudan River. based on EFDC. It simulates the migration of CODCr and According to findings by Yu HAO et al. [1], water bodies in NH3-N in urban sections of the trunk stream in glacial and urban sections of Mudan River trunk stream are in organic non-glacial periods. It also calibrates and verifies bed pollution, with major over standard factors of roughness and integrated attenuation coefficient of pollutants. As the findings reveal, bed roughness and permanganate and ammonia nitrogen. integrated attenuation coefficient of pollutants vary Water quality modeling plays an increasingly significantly in icebound and non-icebound seasons: important role in water environment protection, roughness coefficient in icebound season is higher than that management and decision-making support. It helps to in non-icebound season while attenuation rate in icebound predict and assess water quality responses to natural season is lower than that in non-icebound season. In phenomena and man-made pollution. With water quality addition, main factors for attenuation rate drop in icebound modeling, it is possible to improve the understanding of season are, according to simulation results, temperature relationships between the cause and effect that influence drop, upstream inflow decrease, and ice layer cover. Ice aquatic ecosystems, and then improve the decision-making sheet is the major contributor of roughness increase. It is [2] feasible to apply the 2D water environment numerical model for environmental management . established in this paper to urban sections of Mudan River This paper has a numerical simulation of the transport trunk stream. and diffusion process of CODCr and NH3-N in urban sections of Mudan River trunk stream according to the Keywords-water environment;numerical simulation model; environmental fluid dynamics code (EFDC) hydrodynamic glacial period;non-glacial period and water quality model highly recommended by United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). I. INTRODUCTION Mudan River is the second largest tributary of the II. PRINCIPLE OF THE MODEL Songhua River, which originated from Mudan Ling of Changbai Mountain in Jilin China. The river, which flows A. Introduction to the Model in NS direction, is of a length of 726 km, a total drop of The EFDC model is the integrated hydrodynamic and 1007 m and an average slope of 1.39‰.The Mudan River water quality model developed by John Hamrick et al.[3] basin, with a total area of 37,023 km2, is distributed in from Virginia Institute of Marine Science School of Heilongjiang Province and Jilin Province. The basin area Marine Science, the College of William and Mary. As a in Heilongjiang is 28,543 km2, making up to 77% of the multi-parameter finite difference model, it can simulate total area. The river flows through Dunhua City of Jilin one-dimensional, two dimensional, and three dimensional Province as well as counties in Heilongjiang Province, hydrodynamics and water quality of water bodies in rivers, such as Ning’an, Hailin, Mudanjiang, Linkou, and Yilan, lakes, reservoirs, wetlands, river mouths, bays, and oceans. and finally feeds into the Songhua River in the western The model consists of six modules: hydrodynamics, water suburb of Yilan County. The river mouth of the Mudan quality, toxic substances, substrate, stormy waves, and River has a mean annual discharge of 258.5 m3/s, mean sediment. It is used to simulate processes such as surface annual runoff of 5.26 billion m3, and a maximum runoff of water flow field, material transport (including water 14.9 billion m3, which is about 10% of the total runoff of temperature, salinity, tracer agent, cohesive sediment, and Songhua River System. non-cohesive sediment), and water body eutrophication. Numerous residential complexes and industrial parks The model has been widely applied across the world are distributed along the trunk stream of the Mudan River, thanks to its powerful simulation capabilities. 978-1-5090-0206-1/15 $31.00 © 2015 IEEE 238 DOI 10.1109/EMS.2015.86 B. Governing Equations physical vertical coordinate origin. The continuity The hydrodynamic equations in the EFDC model are equation (4) has been integrated with respect to z over the based on a three-dimensional incompressible, graded- interval (0,1) to produce the depth integrated continuity density turbulence boundary layer equation set, including equation (5) using the vertical boundary conditions, w = 0 the momentum equation, continuity equation, and material at z = (0,1) , which follows from the kinematic conditions [4] transport equation. The Boussinesq assumption is often and equation (9). adopted to facilitate the processing of buoyancy lift terms caused by density contrast. Transformation of curvilinear C. Turbulence Closure Model orthogonal coordinates and σ coordinate transformation To provide the vertical turbulent viscosity and are adopted horizontally and vertically respectively. The diffusivity, the second moment turbulence closure model governing equations after the two types of transformation will be used, the model relates the vertical turbulent are as follows. viscosity and diffusivity to the turbulent intensity, q a Momentum equations: turbulent length scale, l and a Richardson number R by: ∂+∂+∂+∂−+∂−∂ q txyyxz()(mHu m Huu )( m Hvu )()( mwu mf v xyyx m u m ) Hv （1） −−11 −1 ==φ + + + =− ∂ζ + − ∂ − ∂ ∂ +∂ ∂ + Aqlvv0.4(1 36 R q ) (1 6 R q ) (1 8 Rql q ) （10） mHyx()( g p m yx h z x H ) z p z ( mHA Vz u ) Q u ∂+∂+∂+∂++∂−∂ ==φ + −1 txyyxz()(mHv m Huv )( m Hvv )()( mwv mf v xyyx m u m ) Hu Abbql0.5(1 36 R q ) ql （11） （ ） − 2 =− ∂ζ + − ∂ − ∂ ∂ +∂1 ∂ + 2 mHxy()( g p m xy h z y H ) z p z ( mH A Vz v ) Q v gHbl∂ R = z （12） q qH22 ∂=−p gH()ρρρ −−1 =− gHb （3） z 00 Where the so-called stability functions φ and φ Continuity equations： v b account for reduced and enhanced vertical mixing or ∂+∂+∂+∂=()mmHumHvmwζ ( ) ( ) ()0 （4） txyyxz transport in stable and unstable vertically density stratified ∂+∂+∂=ζ 11 （ ） txyyx()m ( m H udz ) ( m H vdz )0 5 ∫∫00 environments, respectively. The turbulence intensity and the turbulence length scale are determined by a pair of ρρ= (,,)pST （6） transport equations: Transport equations： ∂+∂+∂+∂=∂∂+222212− txyyxzzqzq()(mHq m Huq )( m Hvq )()( mwq mH A q ) Q −1 (13) ∂+∂+∂+∂=∂∂+ （ ） −−11322 txyyxzzbzC()(mHC m HuC )( m HvC )()( mwC mH A C ) Q 7 +∂+∂+∂−222()mH A()()() u v mgA b mH B l q vz z bz 1 ∂+∂+∂+∂ txyyxz()(mHT m HuT )( m HvT )() mwT ∂+∂+∂+∂=∂∂+222212− （8） txyyxzzqzl()(mHql mHuql )()()( mHvql mwql mH A ql ) Q −1 =∂()mH A ∂ T + Q − (14) zbzT +∂+∂+∂−+mH−−1132 E A()()() u22 v mgE E lA b mHB q()1 E()κ L 2 l In these equations, u and v are the horizontal 11312vz z bz velocity components in the curvilinear, orthogonal LHz−−−111=+−()(1 z ) − 1 （15） coordinates x and y , mx and my are the square roots of Where B1 , E1 , E2 , and E3 are empirical constants, Qq and the diagonal components of the metric tensor, mmm= x y Ql are additional source-sink term such as subgrid scale is the Jacobian or square root of the metric tensor horizontal diffusion. The vertical diffusivity, Aq is in determinant, A is the vertical turbulent, A is the vertical v b general taken equal to the vertical turbulent viscosity A . turbulent diffusivity, f is the Coriolis parameter, p is the v physical pressure, The density, r , is in general a function D. Numerical Solution Techniques of temperature, T , and salinity or water vapor, C , in In the above-mentioned equation set, second-order hydrospheric and atmospheric flows respectively and can accuracy finite difference is adopted in the solution of be a weak function of pressure, consistent with the equations (1), (2), and (4). Staggered grid scatter is incompressible continuity equation under the anelastic adopted horizontally [5]. Second-order accuracy finite ρ approximation, 0 is the reference density, Qu and Qv are difference in three time level scheme is adopted in time the momentum source-sink terms, the source and sink integration. The solution is divided into the internal mode terms, Q and Q include subgrid scale horizontal diffusion and the external mode, i.e. free surface gravity waves and c t shear stresses are solved in splitting methods [6]. Semi- and thermal sources and sinks. The vertical velocity, with implicit difference schemes are adopted in the solution in physical units, in the stretched, dimensionless vertical the external mode. Two dimensional water level elevation coordinate z is w , and is related to the physical vertical * is calculated simultaneously. In this mode, pre-processing velocity w by: is conducted in the conjugate gradient method before =−∂+*1111ζζζ−− ∂+ ∂ +− −− ∂+ ∂ [7] ww z()(1)()txxyy um vm zumhvmh xxyy （9） solution . The solution method allows large-scale time The system of eight equations (equations 1-8) provides step calculation. Time step is only constrained by the a closed system for the variables u , v , w , p , z , r , C , explicit central difference stability criterion or the high- order windward advection algorithm of the non-linear and T , provided that the vertical turbulent viscosity and [8] diffusivity and the source and sink terms are specified.
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