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BMJ Open Is Committed to Open Peer Review. As Part of This Commitment We Make the Peer Review History of Every Article We Publish Publicly Available
BMJ Open: first published as 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020200 on 12 July 2018. Downloaded from BMJ Open is committed to open peer review. As part of this commitment we make the peer review history of every article we publish publicly available. When an article is published we post the peer reviewers’ comments and the authors’ responses online. We also post the versions of the paper that were used during peer review. These are the versions that the peer review comments apply to. The versions of the paper that follow are the versions that were submitted during the peer review process. They are not the versions of record or the final published versions. They should not be cited or distributed as the published version of this manuscript. BMJ Open is an open access journal and the full, final, typeset and author-corrected version of record of the manuscript is available on our site with no access controls, subscription charges or pay-per-view fees (http://bmjopen.bmj.com). If you have any questions on BMJ Open’s open peer review process please email [email protected] http://bmjopen.bmj.com/ on October 1, 2021 by guest. Protected copyright. BMJ Open BMJ Open: first published as 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020200 on 12 July 2018. Downloaded from Perceptions of patient safety cultures among medical students: A cross-sectional investigation in Heilongjiang Province, China For peer review only Journal: BMJ Open Manuscript ID bmjopen-2017-020200 Article Type: Research Date Submitted by the Author: 20-Oct-2017 Complete List of Authors: Liu, He; Hebei Medical -
Educated Youth Should Go to the Rural Areas: a Tale of Education, Employment and Social Values*
Educated Youth Should Go to the Rural Areas: A Tale of Education, Employment and Social Values* Yang You† Harvard University This draft: July 2018 Abstract I use a quasi-random urban-dweller allocation in rural areas during Mao’s Mass Rustication Movement to identify human capital externalities in education, employment, and social values. First, rural residents acquired an additional 0.1-0.2 years of education from a 1% increase in the density of sent-down youth measured by the number of sent-down youth in 1969 over the population size in 1982. Second, as economic outcomes, people educated during the rustication period suffered from less non-agricultural employment in 1990. Conversely, in 2000, they enjoyed increased hiring in all non-agricultural occupations and lower unemployment. Third, sent-down youth changed the social values of rural residents who reported higher levels of trust, enhanced subjective well-being, altered trust from traditional Chinese medicine to Western medicine, and shifted job attitudes from objective cognitive assessments to affective job satisfaction. To explore the mechanism, I document that sent-down youth served as rural teachers with two new county-level datasets. Keywords: Human Capital Externality, Sent-down Youth, Rural Educational Development, Employment Dynamics, Social Values, Culture JEL: A13, N95, O15, I31, I25, I26 * This paper was previously titled and circulated, “Does living near urban dwellers make you smarter” in 2017 and “The golden era of Chinese rural education: evidence from Mao’s Mass Rustication Movement 1968-1980” in 2015. I am grateful to Richard Freeman, Edward Glaeser, Claudia Goldin, Wei Huang, Lawrence Katz, Lingsheng Meng, Nathan Nunn, Min Ouyang, Andrei Shleifer, and participants at the Harvard Economic History Lunch Seminar, Harvard Development Economics Lunch Seminar, and Harvard China Economy Seminar, for their helpful comments. -
Research on Employment Difficulties and the Reasons of Typical
2017 3rd International Conference on Education and Social Development (ICESD 2017) ISBN: 978-1-60595-444-8 Research on Employment Difficulties and the Reasons of Typical Resource-Exhausted Cities in Heilongjiang Province during the Economic Transition Wei-Wei KONG1,a,* 1School of Public Finance and Administration, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China [email protected] *Corresponding author Keywords: Typical Resource-Exhausted Cities, Economic Transition, Employment. Abstract. The highly correlation between the development and resources incurs the serious problems of employment during the economic transition, such as greater re-employment population, lower elasticity of employment, greater unemployed workers in coal industry. These problems not only hinder the social stability, but also slow the economic transition and industries updating process. We hope to push forward the economic transition of resource-based cities and therefore solve the employment problems through the following measures: developing specific modern agriculture and modern service industry, encouraging and supporting entrepreneurships, implementing re-employment trainings, strengthening the public services systems for SMEs etc. Background According to the latest statistics from the State Council for 2013, there exists 239 resource-based cities in China, including 31 growing resource-based cities, 141 mature, and 67 exhausted. In the process of economic reform, resource-based cities face a series of development challenges. In December 2007, the State Council issued the Opinions on Promoting the Sustainable Development of Resource-Based Cities. The National Development and Reform Commission identified 44 resource-exhausted cities from March 2008 to March 2009, supporting them with capital, financial policy and financial transfer payment funds. In the year of 2011, the National Twelfth Five-Year Plan proposed to promote the transformation and development of resource-exhausted area. -
Cricket World Cup Begins Mar 8 Schedule on Page-3
www.Asia Times.US NRI Global Edition Email: [email protected] March 2016 Vol 7, Issue 3 Cricket World Cup begins Mar 8 Schedule on page-3 Indian Team: Pakistan Team: Shahid Afridi (c), Anwar Ali, Ahmed Shehzad MS Dhoni (capt, wk), Shikhar Dhawan, Rohit Mohammad Hafeez Bangladesh Team: Sharma, Virat Kohli, Ajinkya Rahane, Yuvraj Shoaib Malik, Mohammad Irfan Squad: Tamim Iqbal, Soumya Sarkar, Moham- Singh, Suresh Raina, R Ashwin, Ravindra Jadeja, Sharjeel Khan, Wahab Riaz mad Mithun, Shakib Al Hasan, Mushfiqur Ra- Mohammed Shami, Harbhajan Singh, Jasprit Mohammad Nawaz, Muhammad Sami him, Sabbir Rahman, Mashrafe Mortaza (capt), Bumrah, Pawan Negi, Ashish Nehra, Hardik Khalid Latif, Mohammad Amir Mahmudullah Riyad, Nasir Hossain, Nurul Pandya. Umar Akmal, Sarfraz Ahmed, Imad Wasim Hasan, Arafat Sunny, Mustafizur Rahman, Al- Amin Hossain, Taskin Ahmed and Abu Hider. Australia Team: Steven Smith (c), David Warner (vc), Ashton Agar, Nathan Coulter-Nile, James Faulkner, Aaron Finch, John Hastings, Josh Hazlewood, Usman Khawaja, Mitchell Marsh, Glenn Max- well, Peter Nevill (wk), Andrew Tye, Shane Watson, Adam Zampa England: Eoin Morgan (c), Alex Hales, Ja- Asia Times is Globalizing son Roy, Joe Root, Jos Buttler, James Vince, Ben Now appointing Stokes, Moeen Ali, Chris Jordan, Adil Rashid, David Willey, Steven Finn, Reece Topley, Sam Bureau Chiefs to represent Billings, Liam Dawson New Zealand Team: Asia Times in ALL cities Kane Williamson (c), Corey Anderson, Trent Worldwide Boult, Grant Elliott, Martin Guptill, Mitchell McClenaghan, -
Changchun–Harbin Expressway Project
Performance Evaluation Report Project Number: PPE : PRC 30389 Loan Numbers: 1641/1642 December 2006 People’s Republic of China: Changchun–Harbin Expressway Project Operations Evaluation Department CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS Currency Unit – yuan (CNY) At Appraisal At Project Completion At Operations Evaluation (July 1998) (August 2004) (December 2006) CNY1.00 = $0.1208 $0.1232 $0.1277 $1.00 = CNY8.28 CNY8.12 CNY7.83 ABBREVIATIONS AADT – annual average daily traffic ADB – Asian Development Bank CDB – China Development Bank DMF – design and monitoring framework EIA – environmental impact assessment EIRR – economic internal rate of return FIRR – financial internal rate of return GDP – gross domestic product ha – hectare HHEC – Heilongjiang Hashuang Expressway Corporation HPCD – Heilongjiang Provincial Communications Department ICB – international competitive bidding JPCD – Jilin Provincial Communications Department JPEC – Jilin Provincial Expressway Corporation MOC – Ministry of Communications NTHS – national trunk highway system O&M – operations and maintenance OEM – Operations Evaluation Mission PCD – provincial communication department PCR – project completion report PPTA – project preparatory technical assistance PRC – People’s Republic of China RRP – report and recommendation of the President TA – technical assistance VOC – vehicle operating cost NOTE In this report, “$” refers to US dollars. Keywords asian development bank, development effectiveness, expressways, people’s republic of china, performance evaluation, heilongjiang province, jilin province, transport Director Ramesh Adhikari, Operations Evaluation Division 2, OED Team leader Marco Gatti, Senior Evaluation Specialist, OED Team members Vivien Buhat-Ramos, Evaluation Officer, OED Anna Silverio, Operations Evaluation Assistant, OED Irene Garganta, Operations Evaluation Assistant, OED Operations Evaluation Department, PE-696 CONTENTS Page BASIC DATA v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY vii MAPS xi I. INTRODUCTION 1 A. -
Study on Land Use/Cover Change and Ecosystem Services in Harbin, China
sustainability Article Study on Land Use/Cover Change and Ecosystem Services in Harbin, China Dao Riao 1,2,3, Xiaomeng Zhu 1,4, Zhijun Tong 1,2,3,*, Jiquan Zhang 1,2,3,* and Aoyang Wang 1,2,3 1 School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; [email protected] (D.R.); [email protected] (X.Z.); [email protected] (A.W.) 2 State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China 3 Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China 4 Shanghai an Shan Experimental Junior High School, Shanghai 200433, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (Z.T.); [email protected] (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-1350-470-6797 (Z.T.); +86-135-9608-6467 (J.Z.) Received: 18 June 2020; Accepted: 25 July 2020; Published: 28 July 2020 Abstract: Land use/cover change (LUCC) and ecosystem service functions are current hot topics in global research on environmental change. A comprehensive analysis and understanding of the land use changes and ecosystem services, and the equilibrium state of the interaction between the natural environment and the social economy is crucial for the sustainable utilization of land resources. We used remote sensing image to research the LUCC, ecosystem service value (ESV), and ecological economic harmony (EEH) in eight main urban areas of Harbin in China from 1990 to 2015. The results show that, in the past 25 years, arable land—which is a part of ecological land—is the main source of construction land for urbanization, whereas the other ecological land is the main source of conversion to arable land. -
Optimization Path of the Freight Channel of Heilongjiang Province
2017 3rd International Conference on Education and Social Development (ICESD 2017) ISBN: 978-1-60595-444-8 Optimization Path of the Freight Channel of Heilongjiang Province to Russia 1,a,* 2,b Jin-Ping ZHANG , Jia-Yi YUAN 1Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2International Department of Harbin No.9 High School, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China [email protected], [email protected] * Corresponding author Keywords: Heilongjiang Province, Russia, Freight Channel, Optimization Path. Abstract. Heilongjiang Province becomes the most important province for China's import and export trade to Russia due to its unique geographical advantages and strong complementary between industry and product structure. However, the existing problems in the trade freight channel layout and traffic capacity restrict the bilateral trade scale expansion and trade efficiency improvement. Therefore, the government should engage in rational distribution of cross-border trade channel, strengthen infrastructure construction in the border port cities and node cities, and improve the software support and the quality of service on the basis of full communication and coordination with the relevant Russian government, which may contribute to upgrade bilateral economic and trade cooperation. Introduction Heilongjiang Province is irreplaceable in China's trade with Russia because of its geographical advantages, a long history of economic and trade cooperation, and complementary in industry and product structures. Its total value of import and export trade to Russia account for more than 2/3 of the whole provinces and nearly 1/4 of that of China. After years of efforts, there exist both improvement in channel infrastructure, layout and docking and problems in channel size, functional positioning and layout, as well as important node construction which do not match with cross-border freight development. -
Economic Strategy for the Sustainable Development of Ice-Snow Tourism in Heilongjiang Province
The Frontiers of Society, Science and Technology ISSN 2616-7433 Vol. 1, Issue 5: 130-134, DOI: 10.25236/FSST.19010523 Economic Strategy for the Sustainable Development of Ice-snow Tourism in Heilongjiang Province Zhongquan Ma1, Fang Cao2 1. Harbin Institute of Technology, Heilongjiang 150001, China 2. Bohai University, Liaoning 121013, China ABSTRACT. Heilongjiang Province has unique ice-snow tourism resources, with the largest snow fall and the longest snow period in China. Its annual snow and ice period is 4 to 5 months. Hence, it is the province with the best ice-snow tourism conditions in China. Heilongjiang Province established Harbin Harbin Ice Lantern Exhibition in 1963, held the Ice and Snow Festival in 1985 and the Ice and Snow World in 1998. It has formed its own characteristics and advantages of ice-snow tourism and promoted the economic development of Heilongjiang Province. With the further development of science, technology and economy, the ice-snow tourism in Heilongjiang has entered a new stage of development. At this stage, it is an important issue worth studying that how to achieve sustainable development of ice- snow tourism in Heilongjiang Province. KEYWORDS: Heilongjiang province; Ice-snow tourism; Sustainable development; Economic strategy 1. Introduction Heilongjiang Province is the most northern province with the most latitude in China. The 0 ℃ contour of the annual average temperature passes through the middle part of the province. With the earliest snowfall and the latest snowfall in China, Heilongjiang Province has heavy snowfall and long snow period. The snow is clean and rich, with moderate hardness. It is the best province to develop ice-snow tourism in China. -
Resettlement Action Plan Report Appendix
Public Disclosure Authorized Resettlement Action Plan Report Appendix Public Disclosure Authorized Newly- built Harbin- Jiamusi Railway Public Disclosure Authorized China Railway Third Survey and Design Institute Company December 2012 Public Disclosure Authorized Statement of Compilation The appendix to the Resettlment Action Plan Report for the newly-built Harbin-Jiamusi Raiwlay is an important part of the Resettlment Action Plan (RAP). This appendix displays data and work achievements that have been gained during field investigation for the RAP and also data information analysis and processing during report compilation. Reference to this attachement has been indicated in the RAP. 1 Appendix of Resettlement Action Plan Report of Newly-built Harbin-Jiamusi Railway STATEMENT OF COMPILATION .......................................... 1 APPENDIX1 RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK ......................... 2 APPENDIX 2 HARBIN –JIAMUSI RAILWAY LINE DIAGRAM ................. 17 APPENDIX 3 PERMANENT LAND REQUISITION STATISTICS BY VILLAGE OF HA-JIA LINE ............................................................. 19 APPENDIX 4 LAND REQUISITION AREA TO CULTIVATED LAND AREA RATIO STATISTICS OF THE AFECTED VILLAGE ........................................... 24 APPENDIX 5 TEMPORARY LAND USING STATISTICS BY VILLAGE OF HA-JIA LINE ................................................................. 31 APPENDIX 6 DEMOLITION STATISTICS BY VILLAGE(STREET) OF HA-JIA LINE 35 SOURCE:BASED ON RESEARCH AND FIELD SURVEY DATA APPENDIX 7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY FOR HAJIA -
Water Quality Attribution and Simulation of Non-Point Source Pollution Load Fux in the Hulan River Basin Yan Liu1,2, Hongyan Li1,2*, Geng Cui3 & Yuqing Cao1,2
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Water quality attribution and simulation of non-point source pollution load fux in the Hulan River basin Yan Liu1,2, Hongyan Li1,2*, Geng Cui3 & Yuqing Cao1,2 Surface water is the main source of irrigation and drinking water for rural communities by the Hulan River basin, an important grain-producing region in northeastern China. Understanding the spatial and temporal distribution of water quality and its driving forces is critical for sustainable development and the protection of water resources in the basin. Following sample collection and testing, the spatial distribution and driving forces of water quality were investigated using cluster analysis, hydrochemical feature partitioning, and Gibbs diagrams. The results demonstrated that the surface waters of the Hulan River Basin tend to be medium–weakly alkaline with a low degree of mineralization and water-rock interaction. Changes in topography and land use, confuence, application of pesticides and fertilizers, and the development of tourism were found to be important driving forces afecting the water quality of the basin. Non-point source pollution load fuxes of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were simulated using the Soil Water and Assessment Tool. The simulation demonstrated that the non-point source pollution loading is low upstream and increases downstream. The distributions of N and P loading varied throughout the basin. The fndings of this study provide information regarding the spatial distribution of water quality in the region and present a scientifc basis for future pollution control. Rivers are an important component of the global water cycle, connecting the two major ecosystems of land and sea and providing a critical link in the biogeochemical cycle. -
Information About the Members of Heilongjiang Economic and Trading Delegation - Enterprises
Information about the Members of Heilongjiang Economic and Trading Delegation - Enterprises - No. Unit Profile Matchmaking Name Position Contact Number Green food There is one research and development quality Heilongjiang detection center and four workshops, namely concentrated juice processing workshop, plants Executive 1 Yikangyuan North Food processing and tourism projects Li Jiapeng 15082522088 extracting workshop, quick-frozen fruits workshop, Director Food Co., Ltd. and drinks workshop. The annual processing capability of the company reaches 10,000 tons. Feihe Dairy devotes itself to the research, development, and production of infant milk powder. By now it has a Heilongjiang Feihe history of 54 years’ professional milk products Milk goat cultivation and dairy processing 2 Leng Youbin President 18611356688 Dairy Co., Ltd. production. It is the only infant milk powder between ABF and Feihe enterprises in China that has a comprehensive industrial chain. Heilongjiang Lvneng The Lvneng’s bio-cultivation program is an important research & development chain in the international full- Milk goat cultivation and dairy processing 3 Ecological Animal Liu Hua President 13301337613 industrial chain of Feihe. It will become the largest between ABF and Feihe Husbandry Co., Ltd. single milk goat farm in China. Heilongjiang Jinpo Lake The company produces 150,000 tons of corn starch, Agricultural planting, cultivation and Jiang Xuefeng 4 Agricultural 50,000 tons of glucose and 6,000 tons of caramel, and President 13845369977 processing projects Development Co., Ltd. converts 200,000 tons of corn each year. Heilongjiang Jinpo Lake The company produces 150,000 tons of corn starch, Agricultural planting, cultivation and General 5 Agricultural 50,000 tons of glucose and 6,000 tons of caramel, and Bai Mingfu 13694648777 processing projects Manager Development Co., Ltd. -
China Russia
1 1 1 1 Acheng 3 Lesozavodsk 3 4 4 0 Didao Jixi 5 0 5 Shuangcheng Shangzhi Link? ou ? ? ? ? Hengshan ? 5 SEA OF 5 4 4 Yushu Wuchang OKHOTSK Dehui Mudanjiang Shulan Dalnegorsk Nongan Hailin Jiutai Jishu CHINA Kavalerovo Jilin Jiaohe Changchun RUSSIA Dunhua Uglekamensk HOKKAIDOO Panshi Huadian Tumen Partizansk Sapporo Hunchun Vladivostok Liaoyuan Chaoyang Longjing Yanji Nahodka Meihekou Helong Hunjiang Najin Badaojiang Tong Hua Hyesan Kanggye Aomori Kimchaek AOMORI ? ? 0 AKITA 0 4 DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S 4 REPUBLIC OF KOREA Akita Morioka IWATE SEA O F Pyongyang GULF OF KOREA JAPAN Nampo YAMAJGATAA PAN Yamagata MIYAGI Sendai Haeju Niigata Euijeongbu Chuncheon Bucheon Seoul NIIGATA Weonju Incheon Anyang ISIKAWA ChechonREPUBLIC OF HUKUSIMA Suweon KOREA TOTIGI Cheonan Chungju Toyama Cheongju Kanazawa GUNMA IBARAKI TOYAMA PACIFIC OCEAN Nagano Mito Andong Maebashi Daejeon Fukui NAGANO Kunsan Daegu Pohang HUKUI SAITAMA Taegu YAMANASI TOOKYOO YELLOW Ulsan Tottori GIFU Tokyo Matsue Gifu Kofu Chiba SEA TOTTORI Kawasaki KANAGAWA Kwangju Masan KYOOTO Yokohama Pusan SIMANE Nagoya KANAGAWA TIBA ? HYOOGO Kyoto SIGA SIZUOKA ? 5 Suncheon Chinhae 5 3 Otsu AITI 3 OKAYAMA Kobe Nara Shizuoka Yeosu HIROSIMA Okayama Tsu KAGAWA HYOOGO Hiroshima OOSAKA Osaka MIE YAMAGUTI OOSAKA Yamaguchi Takamatsu WAKAYAMA NARA JAPAN Tokushima Wakayama TOKUSIMA Matsuyama National Capital Fukuoka HUKUOKA WAKAYAMA Jeju EHIME Provincial Capital Cheju Oita Kochi SAGA KOOTI City, town EAST CHINA Saga OOITA Major Airport SEA NAGASAKI Kumamoto Roads Nagasaki KUMAMOTO Railroad Lake MIYAZAKI River, lake JAPAN KAGOSIMA Miyazaki International Boundary Provincial Boundary Kagoshima 0 12.5 25 50 75 100 Kilometers Miles 0 10 20 40 60 80 ? ? ? ? 0 5 0 5 3 3 4 4 1 1 1 1 The boundaries and names show n and t he designations us ed on this map do not imply of ficial endors ement or acceptance by the United N at ions.