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BMJ Open Is Committed to Open Peer Review. As Part of This Commitment We Make the Peer Review History of Every Article We Publish Publicly Available
BMJ Open: first published as 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020200 on 12 July 2018. Downloaded from BMJ Open is committed to open peer review. As part of this commitment we make the peer review history of every article we publish publicly available. When an article is published we post the peer reviewers’ comments and the authors’ responses online. We also post the versions of the paper that were used during peer review. These are the versions that the peer review comments apply to. The versions of the paper that follow are the versions that were submitted during the peer review process. They are not the versions of record or the final published versions. They should not be cited or distributed as the published version of this manuscript. BMJ Open is an open access journal and the full, final, typeset and author-corrected version of record of the manuscript is available on our site with no access controls, subscription charges or pay-per-view fees (http://bmjopen.bmj.com). If you have any questions on BMJ Open’s open peer review process please email [email protected] http://bmjopen.bmj.com/ on October 1, 2021 by guest. Protected copyright. BMJ Open BMJ Open: first published as 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020200 on 12 July 2018. Downloaded from Perceptions of patient safety cultures among medical students: A cross-sectional investigation in Heilongjiang Province, China For peer review only Journal: BMJ Open Manuscript ID bmjopen-2017-020200 Article Type: Research Date Submitted by the Author: 20-Oct-2017 Complete List of Authors: Liu, He; Hebei Medical -
Educated Youth Should Go to the Rural Areas: a Tale of Education, Employment and Social Values*
Educated Youth Should Go to the Rural Areas: A Tale of Education, Employment and Social Values* Yang You† Harvard University This draft: July 2018 Abstract I use a quasi-random urban-dweller allocation in rural areas during Mao’s Mass Rustication Movement to identify human capital externalities in education, employment, and social values. First, rural residents acquired an additional 0.1-0.2 years of education from a 1% increase in the density of sent-down youth measured by the number of sent-down youth in 1969 over the population size in 1982. Second, as economic outcomes, people educated during the rustication period suffered from less non-agricultural employment in 1990. Conversely, in 2000, they enjoyed increased hiring in all non-agricultural occupations and lower unemployment. Third, sent-down youth changed the social values of rural residents who reported higher levels of trust, enhanced subjective well-being, altered trust from traditional Chinese medicine to Western medicine, and shifted job attitudes from objective cognitive assessments to affective job satisfaction. To explore the mechanism, I document that sent-down youth served as rural teachers with two new county-level datasets. Keywords: Human Capital Externality, Sent-down Youth, Rural Educational Development, Employment Dynamics, Social Values, Culture JEL: A13, N95, O15, I31, I25, I26 * This paper was previously titled and circulated, “Does living near urban dwellers make you smarter” in 2017 and “The golden era of Chinese rural education: evidence from Mao’s Mass Rustication Movement 1968-1980” in 2015. I am grateful to Richard Freeman, Edward Glaeser, Claudia Goldin, Wei Huang, Lawrence Katz, Lingsheng Meng, Nathan Nunn, Min Ouyang, Andrei Shleifer, and participants at the Harvard Economic History Lunch Seminar, Harvard Development Economics Lunch Seminar, and Harvard China Economy Seminar, for their helpful comments. -
Exploration in the Curriculum and Teaching Based Cultivation Of
2016 2nd International Conference on Modern Education and Social Science (MESS 2016) ISBN: 978-1-60595-346-5 Analytical Investigation into Physical Education Situation in Rural Primary School under the Background of School Football—Take Dazhu County as an Example Ke-Jian LIU, Xiao-Zhou ZHANG Lanzhou University of Technology, Physical Education and Research Department, 730050, No.287 Lan’gongping Road, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China (Main campus of Lanzhou University of Technology) [email protected] Keywords: school football, physical education in primary school, physical and psychological health Abstract: With the background of school football, from the perspective of students’ favorite sports items, time spend on sports, teaching content, after-class activity, execution of syllabus and the faculty structure, this paper focuses on the present situation of physical education in Dazhu rural primary and makes a deep analysis about the existing problems, and then puts forward corresponding development countermeasures. Introduction The development of physical education (PE) class in the rural primary school has a direct relationship with the pupils’ physical health and their interest in lifelong sports training, what’s more, it involves the future of our motherland and nation. In 2009, “Plan for The Development of Chinese Youth School Soccer Ball” officially launched, and DaZhou is one of the 44 cities that applied this activity. This helps DaZhou step into a new stage in PE sports of different districts that modeled by urban areas. In order to provide the theory basis for PE reform in DaZhu County, this thesis has a thorough analysis and summary for the present situation of PE class in rural primary school of DaZhu county, which probes into the problems and causes in the process of carrying out the sports training class. -
Research on Employment Difficulties and the Reasons of Typical
2017 3rd International Conference on Education and Social Development (ICESD 2017) ISBN: 978-1-60595-444-8 Research on Employment Difficulties and the Reasons of Typical Resource-Exhausted Cities in Heilongjiang Province during the Economic Transition Wei-Wei KONG1,a,* 1School of Public Finance and Administration, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China [email protected] *Corresponding author Keywords: Typical Resource-Exhausted Cities, Economic Transition, Employment. Abstract. The highly correlation between the development and resources incurs the serious problems of employment during the economic transition, such as greater re-employment population, lower elasticity of employment, greater unemployed workers in coal industry. These problems not only hinder the social stability, but also slow the economic transition and industries updating process. We hope to push forward the economic transition of resource-based cities and therefore solve the employment problems through the following measures: developing specific modern agriculture and modern service industry, encouraging and supporting entrepreneurships, implementing re-employment trainings, strengthening the public services systems for SMEs etc. Background According to the latest statistics from the State Council for 2013, there exists 239 resource-based cities in China, including 31 growing resource-based cities, 141 mature, and 67 exhausted. In the process of economic reform, resource-based cities face a series of development challenges. In December 2007, the State Council issued the Opinions on Promoting the Sustainable Development of Resource-Based Cities. The National Development and Reform Commission identified 44 resource-exhausted cities from March 2008 to March 2009, supporting them with capital, financial policy and financial transfer payment funds. In the year of 2011, the National Twelfth Five-Year Plan proposed to promote the transformation and development of resource-exhausted area. -
Changchun–Harbin Expressway Project
Performance Evaluation Report Project Number: PPE : PRC 30389 Loan Numbers: 1641/1642 December 2006 People’s Republic of China: Changchun–Harbin Expressway Project Operations Evaluation Department CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS Currency Unit – yuan (CNY) At Appraisal At Project Completion At Operations Evaluation (July 1998) (August 2004) (December 2006) CNY1.00 = $0.1208 $0.1232 $0.1277 $1.00 = CNY8.28 CNY8.12 CNY7.83 ABBREVIATIONS AADT – annual average daily traffic ADB – Asian Development Bank CDB – China Development Bank DMF – design and monitoring framework EIA – environmental impact assessment EIRR – economic internal rate of return FIRR – financial internal rate of return GDP – gross domestic product ha – hectare HHEC – Heilongjiang Hashuang Expressway Corporation HPCD – Heilongjiang Provincial Communications Department ICB – international competitive bidding JPCD – Jilin Provincial Communications Department JPEC – Jilin Provincial Expressway Corporation MOC – Ministry of Communications NTHS – national trunk highway system O&M – operations and maintenance OEM – Operations Evaluation Mission PCD – provincial communication department PCR – project completion report PPTA – project preparatory technical assistance PRC – People’s Republic of China RRP – report and recommendation of the President TA – technical assistance VOC – vehicle operating cost NOTE In this report, “$” refers to US dollars. Keywords asian development bank, development effectiveness, expressways, people’s republic of china, performance evaluation, heilongjiang province, jilin province, transport Director Ramesh Adhikari, Operations Evaluation Division 2, OED Team leader Marco Gatti, Senior Evaluation Specialist, OED Team members Vivien Buhat-Ramos, Evaluation Officer, OED Anna Silverio, Operations Evaluation Assistant, OED Irene Garganta, Operations Evaluation Assistant, OED Operations Evaluation Department, PE-696 CONTENTS Page BASIC DATA v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY vii MAPS xi I. INTRODUCTION 1 A. -
Optimization Path of the Freight Channel of Heilongjiang Province
2017 3rd International Conference on Education and Social Development (ICESD 2017) ISBN: 978-1-60595-444-8 Optimization Path of the Freight Channel of Heilongjiang Province to Russia 1,a,* 2,b Jin-Ping ZHANG , Jia-Yi YUAN 1Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2International Department of Harbin No.9 High School, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China [email protected], [email protected] * Corresponding author Keywords: Heilongjiang Province, Russia, Freight Channel, Optimization Path. Abstract. Heilongjiang Province becomes the most important province for China's import and export trade to Russia due to its unique geographical advantages and strong complementary between industry and product structure. However, the existing problems in the trade freight channel layout and traffic capacity restrict the bilateral trade scale expansion and trade efficiency improvement. Therefore, the government should engage in rational distribution of cross-border trade channel, strengthen infrastructure construction in the border port cities and node cities, and improve the software support and the quality of service on the basis of full communication and coordination with the relevant Russian government, which may contribute to upgrade bilateral economic and trade cooperation. Introduction Heilongjiang Province is irreplaceable in China's trade with Russia because of its geographical advantages, a long history of economic and trade cooperation, and complementary in industry and product structures. Its total value of import and export trade to Russia account for more than 2/3 of the whole provinces and nearly 1/4 of that of China. After years of efforts, there exist both improvement in channel infrastructure, layout and docking and problems in channel size, functional positioning and layout, as well as important node construction which do not match with cross-border freight development. -
Economic Strategy for the Sustainable Development of Ice-Snow Tourism in Heilongjiang Province
The Frontiers of Society, Science and Technology ISSN 2616-7433 Vol. 1, Issue 5: 130-134, DOI: 10.25236/FSST.19010523 Economic Strategy for the Sustainable Development of Ice-snow Tourism in Heilongjiang Province Zhongquan Ma1, Fang Cao2 1. Harbin Institute of Technology, Heilongjiang 150001, China 2. Bohai University, Liaoning 121013, China ABSTRACT. Heilongjiang Province has unique ice-snow tourism resources, with the largest snow fall and the longest snow period in China. Its annual snow and ice period is 4 to 5 months. Hence, it is the province with the best ice-snow tourism conditions in China. Heilongjiang Province established Harbin Harbin Ice Lantern Exhibition in 1963, held the Ice and Snow Festival in 1985 and the Ice and Snow World in 1998. It has formed its own characteristics and advantages of ice-snow tourism and promoted the economic development of Heilongjiang Province. With the further development of science, technology and economy, the ice-snow tourism in Heilongjiang has entered a new stage of development. At this stage, it is an important issue worth studying that how to achieve sustainable development of ice- snow tourism in Heilongjiang Province. KEYWORDS: Heilongjiang province; Ice-snow tourism; Sustainable development; Economic strategy 1. Introduction Heilongjiang Province is the most northern province with the most latitude in China. The 0 ℃ contour of the annual average temperature passes through the middle part of the province. With the earliest snowfall and the latest snowfall in China, Heilongjiang Province has heavy snowfall and long snow period. The snow is clean and rich, with moderate hardness. It is the best province to develop ice-snow tourism in China. -
Qingdao As a Colony: from Apartheid to Civilizational Exchange
Qingdao as a colony: From Apartheid to Civilizational Exchange George Steinmetz Paper prepared for the Johns Hopkins Workshops in Comparative History of Science and Technology, ”Science, Technology and Modernity: Colonial Cities in Asia, 1890-1940,” Baltimore, January 16-17, 2009 Steinmetz, Qingdao/Jiaozhou as a colony Now, dear Justinian. Tell us once, where you will begin. In a place where there are already Christians? or where there are none? Where there are Christians you come too late. The English, Dutch, Portuguese, and Spanish control a good part of the farthest seacoast. Where then? . In China only recently the Tartars mercilessly murdered the Christians and their preachers. Will you go there? Where then, you honest Germans? . Dear Justinian, stop dreaming, lest Satan deceive you in a dream! Admonition to Justinian von Weltz, Protestant missionary in Latin America, from Johann H. Ursinius, Lutheran Superintendent at Regensburg (1664)1 When China was ruled by the Han and Jin dynasties, the Germans were still living as savages in the jungles. In the Chinese Six Dynasties period they only managed to create barbarian tribal states. During the medieval Dark Ages, as war raged for a thousand years, the [German] people could not even read and write. Our China, however, that can look back on a unique five-thousand-year-old culture, is now supposed to take advice [from Germany], contrite and with its head bowed. What a shame! 2 KANG YOUWEI, “Research on Germany’s Political Development” (1906) Germans in Colonial Kiaochow,3 1897–1904 During the 1860s the Germans began discussing the possibility of obtaining a coastal entry point from which they could expand inland into China. -
Qingdao City Shandong Province Zip Code >>> DOWNLOAD (Mirror #1)
Qingdao City Shandong Province Zip Code >>> DOWNLOAD (Mirror #1) 1 / 3 Area Code & Zip Code; . hence its name 'Spring City'. Shandong Province is also considered the birthplace of China's . the shell-carving and beer of Qingdao. .Shandong china zip code . of Shandong Province,Shouguang 262700,Shandong,China;2Ruifeng Seed Industry Co.,Ltd,of Shouguang City,Shouguang 262700,Shandong .China Woodworking Machinery supplier, Woodworking Machine, Edge Banding Machine Manufacturers/ Suppliers - Qingdao Schnell Woodworking Machinery Co., Ltd.Qingdao Lizhong Rubber Co., Ltd. Telephone 13583252201. Zip code 266000 . Address: Liaoyang province Qingdao city Shandong District Road No.what is the zip code for Qingdao City, Shandong Prov China? . The postal code of Qingdao is 266000. i cant find the area code for gaomi city, shandong province.Province City Add Zip Email * Content * Code * Product Category Bamboo floor press Heavy bamboo press . No.111,Jing'Er Road,Pingdu, Qingdao >> .Shandong Gulun Rubber Co., Ltd. is a comprehensive . Zhongshan Street,Dezhou City, China, Zip Code . No.182,Haier Road,Qingdao City,Shandong Province E .. Qingdao City, Shandong Province, Qingdao, Shandong, China Telephone: Zip Code: Fax: Please sign in to . Qingdao Lifeng Rubber Co., Ltd., .Shandong Mcrfee Import and Export Co., Ltd. No. 139 Liuquan North Road, High-Tech Zone, Zibo City, Shandong Province Telephone: Zip Code: Fax: . Zip Code: Fax .Qingdao Dayu Paper Co., Ltd. Mr. Ike. .Qianlou Rubber Industrial Park, Mingcun Town, Pingdu, Qingdao City, Shandong Province.Postal code: 266000: . is a city in eastern Shandong Province on the east . the CCP-led Red Army entered Qingdao and the city and province have been under PRC .QingDao Meilleur Railway Co.,LTD AddressJinLing Industrial Park, JiHongTan Street, ChengYang District, Qingdao City, ShanDong Province, CHINA. -
Resettlement Plan of Baoqing County (Qixinghe Nature Reserve)
RESETTLEMENT PLAN OF BAOQING COUNTY (QIXINGHE NATURE RESERVE) Supplementary Appendix to the Report and Recommendation of the President to the Board of Directors on the Sanjiang Plain Wetlands Protection Project in The People’s Republic of China Heilongjiang Provincial Government] September 2004 This report was prepared by the Borrower and is not an ADB document. [Expected Board Approval Date: January 2005] Resettlement Plan of Baoqing County PREFACE This Resettlement Plan (RP) has been prepared by Sanjiang Plains Wetland Protection Project Office with assistance provided under the Technical Assistance Group of ADB. The RP has been formulated based on the PRC laws, local regulations and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) policies on involuntary resettlement. The RP provides effective approaches to the land acquisition and resettlement of Sanjiang Plains Wetland Protection Project. The RP is based on socio-economic survey and households sample surveys of potentially affected persons (APs) according to the final design. The overall impacts reported here are based on the reliable field surveys carried out during project preparation period. After concurrence from ADB, the RP will then be approved by Heilongjiang Development and Reform Committee (HDRC) on behalf of Heilongjiang People’s Government. BRIEF INTRODUCTION AND APPROVAL OF THE RP HDRC has received the approval to construct the Sanjiang Plains Wetland Protection Project, which is expected to commence in 2004 and be completed by end of 2009. HDRC, through State Forestry Administration (SFA) and Ministry of Finance, has applied a loan from ADB and donation from Global Environment Facility (GEF) to finance the project. Accordingly, the project must be implemented in compliance with ADB social safeguard policies. -
Operation China
Lipo, Western July 4 Location: More than 146,000 past. While the Western Lipo live in an impoverished Eastern Lipo are a area of northern Yunnan Province. Lisu-speaking group They inhabit six counties in Yunnan — who migrated to Dayao, Yongren, Yuanmou, Binchuan, their present Yao’an, and Yongsheng. A small location after a number of Western Lipo spill across military defeat in the border into the Renhe District of 1812,3 the Western Panzhihua County in Sichuan Province. Lipo claim to have originated in Nanjing Identity: There is a great deal of or Jiangxi in eastern confusion regarding the classification China. According to of the Lipo. The Lipo as a whole have local accounts, “the been officially included as part of the ancestors of today’s Yi nationality in China, yet among the Lipuo [Western Lipo are two very distinct groups, Lipo] came as which here are defined as Eastern soldiers at various and Western Lipo. The two do not times from the early consider themselves to be the same Ming to the early people. They have different histories, Qing dynasties [late dress, customs, and languages. This 14th century to late century a further distinction has 17th century]. developed between the two groups: Historical records the Eastern Lipo are known as a confirm that those Christian tribe while the Western Lipo dynasties did send Jamin Pelkey have relatively few Christians. Lipo military expeditions to the area that is Religion: The majority of Western Lipo means “insiders.” They refer to the now Yongren; we can speculate that are polytheists. They worship many Han Chinese as Xipo, or “outsiders.” today’s Lipuo [Western Lipo] are spirits and protective deities, including descendants of intermarriage between mountain deities. -
China Russia
1 1 1 1 Acheng 3 Lesozavodsk 3 4 4 0 Didao Jixi 5 0 5 Shuangcheng Shangzhi Link? ou ? ? ? ? Hengshan ? 5 SEA OF 5 4 4 Yushu Wuchang OKHOTSK Dehui Mudanjiang Shulan Dalnegorsk Nongan Hailin Jiutai Jishu CHINA Kavalerovo Jilin Jiaohe Changchun RUSSIA Dunhua Uglekamensk HOKKAIDOO Panshi Huadian Tumen Partizansk Sapporo Hunchun Vladivostok Liaoyuan Chaoyang Longjing Yanji Nahodka Meihekou Helong Hunjiang Najin Badaojiang Tong Hua Hyesan Kanggye Aomori Kimchaek AOMORI ? ? 0 AKITA 0 4 DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S 4 REPUBLIC OF KOREA Akita Morioka IWATE SEA O F Pyongyang GULF OF KOREA JAPAN Nampo YAMAJGATAA PAN Yamagata MIYAGI Sendai Haeju Niigata Euijeongbu Chuncheon Bucheon Seoul NIIGATA Weonju Incheon Anyang ISIKAWA ChechonREPUBLIC OF HUKUSIMA Suweon KOREA TOTIGI Cheonan Chungju Toyama Cheongju Kanazawa GUNMA IBARAKI TOYAMA PACIFIC OCEAN Nagano Mito Andong Maebashi Daejeon Fukui NAGANO Kunsan Daegu Pohang HUKUI SAITAMA Taegu YAMANASI TOOKYOO YELLOW Ulsan Tottori GIFU Tokyo Matsue Gifu Kofu Chiba SEA TOTTORI Kawasaki KANAGAWA Kwangju Masan KYOOTO Yokohama Pusan SIMANE Nagoya KANAGAWA TIBA ? HYOOGO Kyoto SIGA SIZUOKA ? 5 Suncheon Chinhae 5 3 Otsu AITI 3 OKAYAMA Kobe Nara Shizuoka Yeosu HIROSIMA Okayama Tsu KAGAWA HYOOGO Hiroshima OOSAKA Osaka MIE YAMAGUTI OOSAKA Yamaguchi Takamatsu WAKAYAMA NARA JAPAN Tokushima Wakayama TOKUSIMA Matsuyama National Capital Fukuoka HUKUOKA WAKAYAMA Jeju EHIME Provincial Capital Cheju Oita Kochi SAGA KOOTI City, town EAST CHINA Saga OOITA Major Airport SEA NAGASAKI Kumamoto Roads Nagasaki KUMAMOTO Railroad Lake MIYAZAKI River, lake JAPAN KAGOSIMA Miyazaki International Boundary Provincial Boundary Kagoshima 0 12.5 25 50 75 100 Kilometers Miles 0 10 20 40 60 80 ? ? ? ? 0 5 0 5 3 3 4 4 1 1 1 1 The boundaries and names show n and t he designations us ed on this map do not imply of ficial endors ement or acceptance by the United N at ions.