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Operation China Lipo, Western July 4 Location: More than 146,000 past. While the Western Lipo live in an impoverished Eastern Lipo are a area of northern Yunnan Province. Lisu-speaking group They inhabit six counties in Yunnan — who migrated to Dayao, Yongren, Yuanmou, Binchuan, their present Yao’an, and Yongsheng. A small location after a number of Western Lipo spill across military defeat in the border into the Renhe District of 1812,3 the Western Panzhihua County in Sichuan Province. Lipo claim to have originated in Nanjing Identity: There is a great deal of or Jiangxi in eastern confusion regarding the classification China. According to of the Lipo. The Lipo as a whole have local accounts, “the been officially included as part of the ancestors of today’s Yi nationality in China, yet among the Lipuo [Western Lipo are two very distinct groups, Lipo] came as which here are defined as Eastern soldiers at various and Western Lipo. The two do not times from the early consider themselves to be the same Ming to the early people. They have different histories, Qing dynasties [late dress, customs, and languages. This 14th century to late century a further distinction has 17th century]. developed between the two groups: Historical records the Eastern Lipo are known as a confirm that those Christian tribe while the Western Lipo dynasties did send Jamin Pelkey have relatively few Christians. Lipo military expeditions to the area that is Religion: The majority of Western Lipo means “insiders.” They refer to the now Yongren; we can speculate that are polytheists. They worship many Han Chinese as Xipo, or “outsiders.” today’s Lipuo [Western Lipo] are spirits and protective deities, including descendants of intermarriage between mountain deities. In most ways the Language: While Eastern Lipo is a Han troops… and local women.”4 Western Lipo mirror the religious language related to Lisu, Western Lipo beliefs of the Luoluopo. is part of the Central Yi language Customs: The headdresses of group. One scholar believes that the Western Lipo women “come in four or Christianity: Although the Eastern two languages may share as little as five motley varieties. Men and women Lipo are a thoroughly Christian group, 50% lexical similarity.1 Western Lipo is alike wear long goat-skin cape-vests few Western Lipo have been quite closely related to Luoluopo. and sport magnificently hand- evangelized. Most of the 200 known These two languages reportedly embroidered shoulder bags. Although Western Lipo Christians are Catholics. contain between 80% and 93% lexical the younger generations seem to be In northeastern Binchuan County and similarity.2 forgetting their folk-tales and legends, in the Yupaojiang and Tiesuo districts ethnic music, song, and dance are of Dayao County, Catholic churches History: One of the key elements in still flourishing.”5 were planted before 1949. These are understanding the separation of the believed to contain some Western Lipo into two distinct groups is their Lipo members today. Overview of the Status: Officially included under Yi Status of Evangelization SICHUAN Western Lipo 92% GUIZHOU Language: Sino-Tibetan, •Panzhihua Countries: China Tibeto-Burman, Burmic, YUNNAN Pronunciation: “Lee-po” Burmese-Lolo, Lolo, Northern Dayao• Lolo, Yi, Central Yi Other Names: Lipoo, Lipuo, •Chuxiong •Kunming Lipo: Dayao, Li, Lipa, Tujia, Lizu, Dialects: 0 •Mile Gaoshanzu •Yuxi Religion: Polytheism, Animism, 7% Scale 1% 0 KM 160 Population Source: No Religion, Christianity 142,800 (1999 J. Pelkey); Christians: 200 A B C Out of a total Yi population of Population in China: 6,572,173 (1990 census) Scripture: None A = Have never heard the gospel 142,800 (1999) B = Were evangelized but did not Location: N Yunnan: Dayao Jesus film: None 146,400 (2000) become Christians (76,000), Yongren (44,600), Gospel Recordings: None 183,700 (2010) C = Are adherents to any form of Yuanmou (10,500), Binchuan Christian Broadcasting: None Christianity Location: Yunnan, Sichuan (6,000), Yao’an (3,500), and Religion: Polytheism Yongsheng (2,200) counties; ROPAL code: None Christians: 200 S Sichuan: Renhe District in Panzhihua County LIPO, WESTERN 301.
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