Commemorative Coins and Notes of Bangladesh Bank Evsjv‡`K E¨Vs‡Ki ¯§Vik Gy`ªv I †Bvu Commemorative Coins and Notes of Bangladesh Bank

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evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki ¯§viK gy`ªv I †bvU Commemorative Coins and Notes of Bangladesh Bank evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki ¯§viK gy`ªv I †bvU Commemorative Coins and Notes of Bangladesh Bank

eyjeyj Avn‡g` Bulbul Ahmed

eBbKkv I cÖ”Q` : nv‡kg Lvb Bookdesign & Cover : Hashem Khan

UvKv Rv`yNi evsjv‡`k e¨vsK Taka Museum Bangladesh Bank evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki Commemorative Coins and Notes ¯§viK gy`ªv I †bvU of Bangladesh Bank

†jLK Writer eyjeyj Avn‡g` Bulbul Ahmed

evsjv‡`k e¨vsK Bangladesh Bank

cÖKvkKvj Date of Publication GwcÖj 2013 April 2013 ˆPÎ 1419 Chaitra 1419

cÖKvkK Published By Gd.Gg. †gvKv‡¤§j nK F.M. Mokammel Huq gnve¨e¯’vcK General Manager wWcvU©‡g›U Ae KwgDwb‡KkÝ GÛ Department of Communications and cvewj‡KkÝ, evsjv‡`k e¨vsK Publications, Bangladesh Bank

gy`ªY Printed By ¯úvK©j AvBwU BÝwUwUDU, wm‡×k¦ix, XvKv Sparkle IT Institute, Siddeswari, Dhaka

g~j¨ t 500.00 UvKv Price : Tk. 500.00 evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki ¯§viK gy`ªv I †bvU Commemorative Coins and Notes of Bangladesh Bank Dc gwYKv Foreword

¶YRb¥v RvZxq e¨w³Z¡‡ì ¯§…wZ Ges RvZxq I AvšÍR©vwZK I am very pleased to have this opportunity of introducing before the readers this publication ¸i“Z¡en w`b¶Y D`&hvcb Dcj‡¶ mgq mgq evsjv‡`k featuring illustrated description of commemorative e¨vs‡Ki Bmy¨ Kiv ¯§viK gy`ªv I †bvU¸‡jvi mwPÎ coins and notes issued from time to time by êwkó¨weeiYx m¤^wjZ GB cÖKvkbvwU cvVK‡ì mvg‡b Zz‡j Bangladesh Bank in memory of eminent personages of national stature or on occasions of aivi my‡hvM †c‡q Avwg we‡kl Avbw›`Z †eva KiwQ| important national or international events. An evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki Bmy¨ Kiv ¯§viK gy`ªv I †bvU¸‡jvi g~j information rich investigative review of global wel‡qi Av‡M ¯§viK gy`ªv I †bvU Bmyï êwk¦K BwZnv‡mi history of commemorative coin and note issuance preceding the chapter on those from Bangladesh Ici M‡elYvagx© Z_ëûj m~Pbv Aa¨vqwU cÖKvkbvwU‡K Bank has enriched the publication further. I AviI mg…× K‡i‡Q| evsjv I Bs‡iwR fv‡lï cvkvcvwk believe the publication with Bangla and English gy`ª‡Y mvRv‡bv GB cÖKvkbvwU †`k we‡`‡ki gy`ªv I †bvU text laid out side by side will attract wide attention of researchers and general readers at home and msMÖvnK e¨w³ I cÖwZôvb QvovI M‡elK Ges mvaviY abroad, besides numismatist individuals and cvVK‡ì AvK…ó Ki‡e e‡j Avgvi wek¦vm| institutions. evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki msMÖ‡n _vKv wb‡R‡ì I Ab¨vb¨ †`‡ki Work of laying out Bangladesh Bank's collection of old and new coins and currency notes of bZzb cyivZb gy`ªv I †bvU¸‡jv GKwU c~Y©v½ Kv‡iÝx Bangladesh and other countries in a full-fledged wgDwRqvg ev UvKv Rv`yN‡i myweb¨¯Í Kivi KvR Pj‡Q; UvKv currency museum is underway. I hope that a Rv`yN‡ii mgy`q msMÖ‡ni Ici bZzb Aa¨vq GB cÖKvkbvwUi future edition of this publication will be enriched further by a new chapter on the collection in the fwel¨Z ms¯‹iY‡K mg„×Zi Ki‡e e‡j Avwg Avkvev`x| currency museum. cÖKvkbvwUi cÖYqb, m¤úv`bv I gy`ª‡Y mswk-ó mevi Rb¨ My heartfelt thanks for all involved in drafting, iBj Avgvi AvšÍwiK abëv`| editing and printing of this publication.

(AvwZDi ingvb) (Atiur Rahman) Mfb©i Governor evsjv‡`k e¨vsK Bangladesh Bank gyLeÜ Preface

Avgv‡ì †MŠie I AnsKvi 52i fvlv Av‡›`vjb, 71 Gi We are crowned with the glory and grandeur of the gnvb gyw³hy×| nvRvi eQ‡ii †kÖô evOvjx, RvwZi RbK great language Movement of 1952 and Liberation War of 1971. The thousand years’ greatest Bangalee e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb Avgv‡ì exiZ¡ I mvnwmKZvi and father of the nation Bangabondhu Sheikh Mujibur cÖZxK| evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq m½x‡Zi iPwqZv wek¦Kwe Rahman is the icon of our heroism and courage. iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi Avgv‡ì cÖv‡Yi Kwe| RvZxq Kwe KvRx Rabindranath Tagore, the compositor of our national anthem, is our invigorating poet. The rebellious poem bRi“j Bmjvg iwPZ we‡`ªvnx KweZv civaxbZvi k„•Lj ‘Bidrohi’ of national poet Kazi Nazrul Islam is the fvOvi KvjRqx m„wó| ¯§viK gy`ªv I †bvU cÖKv‡ki gva¨‡g time-defeating creation for salvation from subjugation. evsjv‡`k e¨vsK RvZxq Rxe‡bi Giƒc ¯§iYxq NUbv I By issuing commemorative coins and notes, Bangladesh Bank endeavors to make the AR©b Ges eiYxq gnvb e¨w³M‡Yi ¯§„wZ‡K wPifv¯î ivLvi reminiscences of such outstanding memorable cÖqvm cvq| †`k I we‡`‡ki AvMÖnx gy`ªv msMÖvnK‡ì events and achievements and venerable great gva¨‡g Gme ¯§viK gy`ªv I †bvU Avgv‡ì RvZxq Rxe‡bi personalities of the nation everlasting. These †MŠiegq AR©b I e‡iYë‡M©i ¯§„wZ KvjvšÍ‡ii mv¶x K‡i commemorative coins and notes will keep the memories of our magnificent national achievements ivL‡e| ¯§iK gy`ªv ev †bvU Bmyï NUbvcÄx, K_KZv ev and adorable persons as eternal witness through the BwZnvm mwVKfv‡e cÖYxZ nIqv Avek¨K| Òevsjv‡`k enthusiastic collectors of home and abroad. The e¨vs‡Ki ¯§viK gy`ªv I †bvUÓ cyw¯ÍKvwUi iPwqZv events, their interpretation or histories relating to the issuance of commemorative coins and notes should Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vj‡qi mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK Rbve eyjeyj be properly composed. I believe that the author of the Avn‡g` KvRwU wbfz©jfv‡e Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb e‡jB Avgvi ‘Commemorative coins and notes of Bangladesh wek¦vm| evsjv‡`k e¨vsK KZ…©K gyw`ªZ I Bmy¨K…Z ¯§viKgy`ªv Bank’ Mr. Bulbul Ahmed, Associate Professor of I †bvU¸‡jv‡K GK m~‡Î MÖw_Z K‡i‡Q G cyw¯ÍKv| Gi Jahangirnagar University has accomplished the job accurately. Commemorative coins and notes printed gva¨‡g fvlv A‡›`vjb †_‡K ¯^vaxbZv AR©‡bi gwngv †hgb and issued by Bangladesh Bank has been composed cÖùzwUZ n‡q‡Q †Zgwb wPwÎZ n‡q‡Q G‡`‡ki AvRb¥ jvwjZ together in a single thread by this booklet. This mvwnZ¨, ms¯‹…wZ I xov‡cÖgx HwZn¨| ev½vjxi exiZ¡Mv_v, booklet has fully manifested the splendor of Language Movement to attaining freedom and A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi gweKvk Ges xov, mvwnZ¨ I depicted the born cherished literature, culture and mvs¯‹…wZK HwZ‡nï c„ô‡cvlK wn‡m‡e GwU evsjv‡`k sport-loving tradition of this country as well. It will e¨vs‡Ki f~wgKv‡K mgy¾j Ki‡e| hv‡ì wbijm kÖ‡g illuminate the role of Bangladesh Bank as the patron of Bangalees’ heroism, gradual evolution of economic eBwUi cÖKvk m¤¢e n‡q‡Q Zv‡ì‡K RvbvB AvšÍwiK development, sports, literature and cultural heritage. I abëv`| eBwUi cÖ”Q` cÖKíK cÖw_Zhkv e‡iY¨ wPÎwkíx sincerely thank them whose relentless efforts have Rbve nv‡kg Lvb kZ e¨¯ÍZvi gv‡SI Zvi g~jëvb mgq enabled us to publish the booklet. Eminent cover `vb K‡i evsjv‡`k e¨vsK‡K AK…wÎg eÜz‡Z¡i eÜ‡b Ave× designer as well as honorable painter Mr. Hashem Khan has confined Bangladesh Bank in true K‡i‡Qb| evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki Ôg‡bvMÖvd-1Õ wn‡m‡e cyw¯ÍKvwU friendship by engaging his much valuable time cÖKv‡ki mvwe©K Drmvn I w`Kwb‡`©kbv `v‡bi Rb¨ Avgv‡ì despite enormous business. My grateful respect to cÖvYwcÖq Mfb©i Wt AvwZDi ingv‡bi cÖwZ mK…ZÁ kÖ×v| our devoted Governor Dr. Atiur Rahman for his overall direction and inspiration to publish this booklet as ‘Monograph-1’ of Bangladesh Bank.

`vk¸ß Amxg Kzgvi Dasgupta Asim Kumar wbe©vnx cwiPvjK Executive Director evsjv‡`k e¨vsK Bangladesh Bank cÖvKK_b Preface mgMÖ c„w_ex‡ZB wewfbœ Dcj‡¶ ¯§viK gy`ªv I †bvU Rvwi Issuing commemorative coins and notes in various occasions are much popular all over the †ek RbwcÖq| ¯§viK gy`ªvi cÖPjb 1960 Gi c‡i RbwcÖq world. The trend on issuing commemorative coins n‡q I‡V| Z‡e cÖvPxb mg‡q ¯§viK gy`ªv Rvwii A‡bK has become popular from the 1960s onward. But `„óvšÍ Av‡Q| †Kv‡bv we‡kl Dcj¶‡K †K›`ª K‡i gy`ªv Rvwi there are numerous examples of commemorative coins of more ancient date. Issuing coins to cÖvq gy`ªvi g‡ZvB cÖvPxb| evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g ¯§viK gy`ªv celebrate special occasions are nearly as old as Rvwi Kiv n‡qwQj 1991 mv‡j weRq w`e‡mi 20Zg evwl©Kx coins themselves. The first commemorative coins Dcj‡¶| evsjv‡`k e¨vsK wewfbœ ¸i“Z¡c~Y© NUbv‡K of Bangladesh were issued in 1991on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of Victory Day. Zvrch©gwÊZ Kivi Rb¨ G-ch©šÍ GMviwU ¯§viK gy`ªv I `ywU Bangladesh Bank has issued eleven †bvU Rvwi K‡i‡Q| GB cÖKvkbvwU‡Z evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki commemorative coins and two notes so far to Rvwi Kiv ¯§viK gy`ªv I †bv‡Ui Ici we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv signify various events. This publication contains the detail discussion on the commemorative coins i‡q‡Q| Avkv KiwQ GwU M‡elK, msMÖvnK I mvaviY and notes issued by Bangladesh Bank. Hope it cvVK‡`i mnvqK n‡e| will be helpful to the researchers, collectors and the general readers.

Avwg K…ZÁZv cÖKvk KiwQ Aa¨vcK gybZvmxi gvgy‡bi I express my gratefulness to Professor Muntassir Kv‡Q whwb Avgv‡K GB wel‡q KvR Ki‡Z DrmvwnZ Mamoon who inspired me to work on this topic. I thank the Members of the Taka Jadughar K‡i‡Qb| GB MÖš’wU cÖKv‡ki D‡`¨vM MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ Avwg Committee and the Department of UvKv Rv`yNi KwgwUi m`m¨‡ì Ges evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki Communications and Publi-cations of Bangladesh wWcvU©‡g›U Ae KwgDwb‡KkÝ GÛ cvewj‡KkÝ‡K abëv` Bank for taking initiatives to publish this book. I am greateful to Ridita Tasmin, Kamrul Hasan Rvbvw”Q| wewfbœ Kv‡R mnvqZvi Rb¨ Avwg wiw`Zv Zvmwgb, Mithun, Parimal Chandra Chakraborty, Bishwajit Kvgi“j nvmvb wg_yb, cwigj P›`ª P eË©x, wek¦wRZ emvK, Basak, Md. Noorul Isalm, Md. Mamun Dewan, †gv. b~i“j Bmjvg, †gv. gvgyb †Ìqvb, †gvt Avey Avj Mohammad Abu Al Hasan, Md. Adnan Arif Salim, Md. Rahamat Ullah Latif and Md. Istiake Manik for nvmvb, †gvt Av`bvb Avwid mvwjg, †gvt ingZ Dj-vn their support in various purposes. It is my great jwZd I †gv. Bw¯ÍqvK gvwb‡Ki cÖwZ K…ZÁ| MÖš’wU cÖKv‡ki pleasure to remember all of them at the time of mgq Zuv‡ì mKj‡K ¯§iY Ki‡Z †c‡i Avwg fxlY publishing this book. Avbw›`Z|

eyjeyj Avn‡g` Bulbul Ahmed mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK Associate Professor cÖZœZË¡ wefvM Department of Archaeology Jahangirnagar University Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vjq Savar, Dhaka mvfvi, XvKv m~wP Contens

f~wgKv 15 Introduction 15 BwZnvm: ¯§viK gy`ªv 15 History: Commemorative Coins 15 BwZnvm: ¯§viK †bvU 23 History: Commemorative Notes 23 evsjv‡`‡k e¨vs‡Ki RvwiK…Z Commemorative Coins and Notes ¯§viK gy`ªv I †bvU 25 issued by Bangladesh Bank 25 Dcmsnvi 59 Conclusion 59 Z_¨m~Î 60 References 60 ¯§viK gy`ªv I †bvU Commemorative Coins and Notes f~wgKv Introduction ¯§viK gy`ªv I †bvU Rvwi Kiv nq wbw`©ó †Kv‡bv NUbv Commemorative coins and notes are issued to commemorate particular event like victory in war, †hgb, hy×Rq, ivRKxq weevn, Rb¥ ev g„Zzëvwl©Kx‡K royal wedding, birth or death jubilee, or ¯§iYxq K‡i ivL‡Z A_ev †Ljvayjvi ¸i“Z¡c~Y© NUbv, celebrating sporting event, architectural ¯’vcZ¨ cÖwZôv Ges êÁvwbK AR©b‡K D`&hvcb Ki‡Z| establishment and scientific achievement etc. mvaviYZ ¯§viK gy`ªv I †bv‡Ui mywbw`©ó bK&kv _v‡K, Usually commemorative coins and notes have a †mLv‡b †Kvb Dcj‡¶ †m¸‡jv Rvwi Kiv n‡qwQj Zvi m~Î distinct design with reference to the occasion on which they were issued. Mainly they serve as D‡j-L _v‡K| G¸‡jv cÖavbZ msMÖvnK‡ì mvgMÖx n‡jI collectors' items, although some countries are also wKQz †`k ˆbwgwËK cÖPj‡bi Rb¨ ¯§viK gy`ªv Rvwi K‡i issuing commemorative coins for regular _v‡K| c„w_exi AwaKvsk †`kB HwZnvwmK e¨w³‡Z¡i circulation. Huge number of thematic coins and gh©v`v mgybœZ Ki‡Z, wecbœ cÖRvwZ m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb notes are continuously being issued by most of Ki‡Z, MYwk¶v, Rb¯^v¯’¨-ms všÍ wewfbœ †k-vMvb‡K the countries all over the world to highlight historical personalities, aware about the Qwo‡q w`‡Z cÖwZwbqZ AmsL¨ welqwfwËK gy`ªv I †bvU endangered species, flourish various slogans on Rvwi Ki‡Q| ¯§viK gy`ªv cÖvqB ¯§viK c`‡Ki mv‡_ mass education, public health etc. The weåvwšÍ ˆZwi K‡i| c`K KL‡bv gy`ªv wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq commemorative coins are often confused with bv| wKš‘ mv`„k¨c~Y© MVb I AvKv‡ii Kvi‡Y ¯§viK gy`ªv commemorative medals. Medals have never been used as coin but are often mistaken for coins due cÖvqB GB weåvwšÍi ˆZwi K‡i| to their similar form and size. BwZnvm: ¯§viK gy`ªv History: Commemorative Coins ¯§viK gy`ªvi cÖPjb 1960 Gi c‡i RbwcÖq n‡q I‡V| The trend on issuing commemorative coins has Z‡e cÖvPxb mg‡q ¯§viK gy`ªv Rvwii A‡bK `„óvšÍ Av‡Q| become popular from the 1960s onward. But there are numerous examples of commemorative coins †Kv‡bv we‡kl Dcj¶‡K †K›`ª K‡i gy`ªv Rvwi cÖvq gy`ªvi of more ancient date. Issuing coins to celebrate g‡ZvB cÖvPxb| wMÖK mf¨Zvi cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q gy`ªv wQj special occasions are nearly as old as coins wewbgq eë¯’vi m¤ú~iK aviv Ges Zv cÖ¯‘Z Kiv n‡Zv themselves. In early period of the Greek ag©xq Drme I civilization coin was a †Ljvayjvi mgq|1 subsidiary form of 2 currency and was mvBivwKD‡m cÖvß struck for religious 3 †WKv-WªvK&gv (Avby. festivals or games.1 400 wLª÷c~e©vã) The deca-drachms2 (Av‡jvKwPÎ 1) G- (ca. 400 BC) from Syracuse3 (Plate 1) ai‡bi gy`ªvi Ab¨Zg were the prominent D`vniY| examples of that type of coins.

4 Av‡jvKwPÎ 1: mvBivwKD‡m cÖvß †WKv-WªvK&gv (Avby. 419 wLª÷c~e©vã) Plate 1: Deca-drachms from Syracuse (ca. 419 BC)4

Commemorative Coins and Notes 15 †WKv-WªvK&gv Rvwi Kiv n‡Zv AwbqwgZfv‡e Ges The deca-drachms struck only occasionally and ˆbwgwËK wewbgq bq eis Lye m¤¢eZ ¯§viK D‡Ï‡k¨| most probably for commemorative purpose rather than general currency. The deca- †WKv-WªvK&gv AviI cvIqv wM‡q‡Q G‡_Ý, Kv‡_©R I 4 drachms are also known from Athens, Carthage wgki †_‡K| G-mKj gy`ªv Rvwii D‡Ïk¨ we‡ePbv and Egypt.4 Considering the intention of issuing Ki‡j ejv †h‡Z cv‡i G¸‡jv c„w_exi cÖ_g ¯§viK these coins it is said that these are the first gy`ªv| commemorative coins of the world. gnvgwZ Av‡jKRvÛvi AvbygvwbK 326 wLª÷c~e©v‡ã ivRv Alexander the Great got victory against King cyi“i (whwb DËi cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b ivRZ¡ Ki‡Zb) Puru (who ruled a region in the Punjab, North Western Pakistan) in ca. 326 BC. This victory is wei“‡× hy‡× Rqjvf K‡ib| ejv n‡q _v‡K GB weRq‡K said to have been commemorated by issuing ¯§iYxq K‡i ivLv n‡qwQj i“cvi †WKv-WªvK&gv Ges 5 5 silver deca-drachms and tetra-drachms. The †UUªv-WªvK&gv Rvwii gva¨‡g| G-mKj gy`ªvi mvg‡bi depiction on the obverse of the coin is: a human wc‡V i‡q‡Q †Nvovq emv gvbe cÖwZK…wZ (m¤¢eZ figure (most probably Alexander) on horse-back Av‡jKRvÛv‡ii) hv nvwZi wc‡V emv Aci GK gvbe is attacking another human figure (perhaps cÖwZK…wZ‡K (m¤¢eZ cyi“‡K Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Q) Av gY intended to represent King Puru) riding an Ki‡Q| gy`ªvi wecixZ wc‡V weR‡qi †èx bvBK KZ…©K elephant. The reverse contains the figure of Av‡jKRvÛvi‡K gyKzU civ‡bvi `„k¨ DrKxY© n‡q‡Q Alexander being crowned by Nike the goddess of victory (Plate 2). It is assumed that these (Av‡jvKwPÎ 2)| Abygvb Kiv n‡q _v‡K GB gy`ªv m¤¢eZ coins were perhaps issued by Seleucus and †mjyKvm KZ…©K Rvwi Kiv Ges Av‡jKRvÛv‡ii fviZ 6 minted in Babylon following Alexander's Awfhv‡bi ci ciB e¨vwej‡b gyw`ªZ n‡qwQj| B‡›`v- campaigns in India.6 Among the Indo-Bactrian e¨vKwUªqvb kvmK‡ì g‡a¨ A¨vMv‡_v‡K¬m (Avby. 190- rulers Agathocles (ca. 190-180 BC) issued 180 wLª÷c~e©vã) Av‡jKRvÛvi, A¨vw›UIKvm, wWIWUvm, commemorative coins containing the heads of BDw_‡Wgvm, wWwgwUªqvm I c¨v›Uvwjq‡bi gv_vhy³ ¯§viK Alexander, Antiochus, Diodotus, Euthydemus, gy`ªv Rvwi K‡ib| Abyiƒcfv‡e BD‡ wUWm (Avby. 170- Demetrius and Pantaleon. Similarly, Eucratides 145 wLª÷c~e©vã) Zuvi wcZv †nwjIwK¬m I gvZv (ca. 170-145 BC) commemorated his parents Heliocles and Leodice by depicting their joint wjIwW‡miv‡K ¯§iYxq K‡i‡Qb gy`ªvq Zuv‡ì hyM¥ Ave¶ busts on his coins.7 cÖwZK…wZ DrKxY© K‡i|7

9 Av‡jvKwPÎ 2: Av‡jKRvÛv‡ii ¯§viK gy`ªv (Avby. 322 wLª÷vã) Plate 2: Commemorative Coin of Alexander (ca. 322 BC)9

16 ¯§viK gy`ªv I †bvU 10 Av‡jvKwPÎ 3: jywmqvm †fivm (Avby. 161-169 wLª÷vã) Gi gy`ªv Plate 3: Coin of Lucius Verus (ca. 161-169 AD)10 we‡kl Dcj‡¶ gy`ªv Rvwii GB ixwZ cÖvPxb †ivgvb The practices of issuing coins in special occasions mv¤ªv‡RÏ cÖPwjZ wQj| m¤ªvU jywmqvm †fivm (Avby. 161- were also common in ancient Roman Empire. Emperor Lucius Verus (ca. 161-169 AD) issued 169 wLª÷vã) cvw_©qvi PZz_© †fv‡jvMv‡mm (Avby. 147-191 commemorative coins (Plate 3) to celebrate his wLª÷vã) Gi wei“‡× Rqjvf‡K D`&hvcb Ki‡Z ¯§viK gy`ªv victory against Vologases IV (ca. 147-191 AD) of 11 Rvwi K‡iwQ‡jb (Av‡jvKwPÎ 3)| Parthia.11 fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki BwZnv‡mI cÖvPxb hy‡M ¯§viK gy`ªv Examples of issuing coins from ancient period Rvwii `„óvšÍ i‡q‡Q| ¸ß hy‡M ¯§viK gy`ªv Rvwii K‡qKwU have also been known in the history of the Indian subcontinent. There are several instances of D`vniY i‡q‡Q| cÖ_g P›`ª¸ß (Avby. 320-335 12 issuing commemorative coins in the Gupta period. wLª÷vã)/mgy`ª¸‡ßi (Avby. 335-380 wLª÷vã) GK On one type coin of Chandragupta I (ca. 320-335 ai‡bi gy`ªv‡Z ivRv I ivbx Dfq‡K DrKxY© Kiv n‡q‡Q| AD)/ Samudragupta (ca. 335-380 AD)12 both king gy`ªvi mvg‡bi wc‡V bvgmn cÖ_g P›`ª¸ß I Zuvi ivbx and queen are depicted. Standing figures of Kzgvi‡èxi ùvov‡bv cÖwZK…wZ DrKxY© Kiv n‡q‡Q| mywbw`©ó Chandragupta I and his queen Kumaradevi with name have been depicted on the obverse of this wKQz gy`ªvq †`Lv hvq ivRv cwi®‹vifv‡e ivbx‡K we‡qi evRy 13 coin. On certain coins king is clearly offering the ev AvswU (weevn‡KŠZzKv) wb‡e`b Ki‡Qb| queen a wedding armlet or ring (vivahakautuka).13

14 Av‡jvKwPÎ 4: cÖ_g P›`ª¸ß/mgy`ª¸‡ßi ÔivRv I ivbxÕ †kÖwYi gy`ªv Plate 4: 'King and Queen' Type coin of Chandragupta I/Samudragupta14

Commemorative Coins and Notes 17 gy`ªvi wecixZ wc‡V i‡q‡Q wms‡ni cx‡V emv j²xi The reverse of the coin contains a figure of Laksmi seated on a lion with the legend cÖwZK…wZ mv‡_ wjwc wj”Qwe (Av‡jvKwPÎ 4)| mvg‡bi Lichchhavayah (Plate 4). The obverse legend and wc‡Vi welqe¯‘ I wjwc Lye mn‡RB cÖ_g P›`ª¸‡ßi mv‡_ feature simply represent the marriage of Kzgvi‡`exi weevn‡K Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Q| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Chandragupta I with Kumaradevi. Researchers M‡elK g‡b K‡ib †h, wcZvgvZv Ges wbR wj”Qwe seem that this coin was issued by Samudragupta †Mvôx‡K ¯§iY K‡i gy`ªvwU mgy`ª¸ß KZ…©K Rvwi Kiv in commemoration of his parents and his own n‡qwQj|15 cÖ_g Kzgvi¸ß (Avby. 414-455 wLª÷vã) I Lichchhavi descent.15 The 'king and queen type' ¯‹Ü¸ßI (Avby. 455-467 wLª÷vã) ÔivRv I ivbxÕ coins were also issued by Kumargupta I (ca. 414- 455 AD) and Skandagupta (ca. 455-467 AD). But †kÖwYi gy`ªv Rvwi K‡iwQ‡jb| Z‡e Zuviv gy`ªvq ivbx‡`i they do not disclose the names of their queens. bvg cÖKvk K‡ibwb| G-mKj gy`ªv Aek¨B These coins must be commemorative in nature. cÖK…wZMZfv‡e ¯§viK †kÖwYi|

Another type of coin of the Guptas may be ¸ß‡ì AviI GK †kÖwYi gy`ªv‡K ¯§viK wn‡m‡e kbv³ identified as commemorative issue. This type is Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| GB †kÖwYwU Ak¦‡ga (†Nvov DrmM©) known as Ashvamedha (horse-sacrifice). Samudragupta and Kumaragupta I issued this bv‡g cwiwPZ| mgy`ª¸ß I cÖ_g Kzgvi¸ß GB †kÖwYi gy`ªv type of coins. Rvwi K‡iwQ‡jb| The obverse of Ashvamedha type of coins Ak¦‡ga †kÖwYi gy`ªvi mvg‡bi wc‡V cv`cx‡Vi Ici contain a horse stands on a pedestal and in front ùvov‡bv †Nvov Ges Gi mvg‡b dz‡jj SvÊv (A_ev wdZv) of a yupa (sacrificial post) fitted with a flowering hy³ GKwU hycv (DrmM©-m¤^Üxq `Ê) i‡q‡Q| gy`ªvi banner (or fillet). A standing female (probably mahishi i.e. the chief queen) is visible on the wecixZ wc‡V ùvov‡bv bvix cÖwZK…wZ‡K (m¤¢eZ gwnqmx reverse of the coin. It should be mentioned here ev cÖavb ivbx) †`Lv hvq| D‡j-L¨ †h, 1964-65 mv‡ji that an Ashvamedha coin of Samudragupta has DrLb‡b evsjv‡`‡ki Kzwgj-vi kvjeb wenvi n‡Z been discovered from Salban Vihara, Comilla, Bangladesh through excavation in 1964-65 (Plate mgy`ª¸‡ßi GKwU Ak¦‡ga gy`ªv Avwe®‹…Z n‡q‡Q 5).16 (Av‡jvKwPÎ 5)|16

17 Av‡jvKwPÎ 5: mgy`ª¸‡ßi Ak¦‡ga gy`ªv, kvjeb wenvi, Kzwgj-v, evsjv‡`k Plate 5: Ashvamedha coin of Samudragupta, Salban Vihara, Comilla, Bangladesh17

18 ¯§viK gy`ªv I †bvU Ak¦‡ga gy`ªvi †cQ‡bi Kvwnbx Gi ¯§viK PwiÎ‡K The narration behind Ashvamedha coins Dc¯’vcb K‡i| kZc_-eªvþY Abymv‡i weR‡qi D‡Ï‡k¨ represents its commemorative character. Ac- cording to Satapatha-Brahmana the Ashvamedha mgi hvÎvi c~‡e© A_ev G‡Ki ci GK hy‡× AvwacZ¨ sacrifice might be performed before setting out on AR©‡bi ci (Lye m¤¢eZ c‡iiwU) Ak¦‡ga hÁ cvjb Kiv a campaign of conquest or in celebration of 18 19 n‡Zv| cwÊZiv we‡ePbv K‡ib GB DrmM© Abyôvb‡K acquisition of supremacy after a series of ¯§iYxq K‡i ivL‡Z Ges Abyôv‡b AskMÖnYKvix conquests (more usually the later).18 Scholars19 eªvþY‡`i gv‡S `w¶Yv (m¤§vbx) wn‡m‡e weZi‡Yi Rb¨ consider that Ashvamedha coins were issued on the occasion of this sacrifice in commemoration of Ak¦‡ga gy`ªv Rvwi Kiv n‡Zv| g‡b Kiv nq, G-mKj gy`ªv 20 it and as dakshina (fee) for distribution among the eo msL¨vq Rvwi Kiv n‡Zv| Ak¦‡ga gy`ªv Aek¨B Brahmans who participated in that ritual. It is cÖK…wZMZfv‡e ¯§viK †kÖwYi| seemed that these coins must have been issued in large numbers.20 The Ashvamedha coins must be commemorative in nature. †Kv‡bv bZzb kvm‡Ki ivR¨ weRq †NvlYv Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ The trend of issuing commemorative coins has ¯§viK gy`ªv Rvwii aviv ga¨hy‡M j¶ Kiv hvq| been found during the medieval period to proclaim the coronation of a new monarch. The famous BLwZqvi-D`&-`xb gynv¤§` web eLwZqvi LjRxi 21 21 'Gauda-Vijaye' coins (Plate 6) of Ikhtiyer-ud-din (1204-5 wLª÷vã) weL¨vZ Ô†MŠo weRqÕ (Av‡jvKwPÎ Muhammmad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji (1204-5 AD) 6) gy`ªvwU GB †kÖwYi gy`ªv| myjZvbx hy‡M ¯§viK gy`ªv belong to this type. There are other examples of Rvwii AviI `„óvšÍ Av‡Q| nvewk myjZvb mvgyÏxb issuing commemorative coins in the Sultani gyRvd&di kvn (1490-1493 wLª÷vã) ÔKvgZv weRqÕ period. Habshi ruler Sams al-din Muzaffar Shah (1490-1493 AD) and Ala al-din Husayn Shah Ges myjZvb AvjvDÏxb †nv‡mb kvn (1493-1519 (1493-1519 AD) issued coins on the occasions of wLª÷vã) ÔKvgi“-KvgZv-RvRbMi I Ewok¨v weRqÕ their conquests against 'Kamta' and 'Kamru- (Av‡jvKwPÎ 7) Dcj‡¶ ¯§viK gy`ªv Rvwi K‡iwQ‡jb| Kamta-Jajnagar and Orissa' (Plate 7) respectively.

22 Av‡jvKwPÎ 6: BLwZqvi D`&-`x‡bi Ô†MŠo weRqÕ gy`ªv Plate 6: 'Gauda-Vijaye' coin of Ikhtiyer-ud-din22

23 Av‡jvKwPÎ 7: myjZvb AvjvDÏxb †nv‡mb kv‡ni ÔKvgi“-KvgZv-RvRbMi I Ewok¨v weRqÕ ¯§viK gy`ªv Plate 7: 'Kamta' and 'Kamru-Kamta-Jajnagar and Orissa conquest' commemorative coin of Sultan Ala al-din Husayn Shah23

Commemorative Coins and Notes 19 gyMj kvmK‡ì g‡a¨ m¤ªvU AvKei †ekwKQz ¯§viK gy`ªv Among the Mughal rulers Emperor Akbar issued Rvwi K‡iwQ‡jb| m¤ªvU AvKe‡ii †mvbvi gy`ªvq 20wUi24 a good number of commemorative coins. Over 25 20 mint24 names are found on gold coins and AwaK I i“cvi gy`ªvq cÖvq 45wU UvKkv‡ji bvg cvIqv about 45 mints25 on silver coins of Akbar. It hvq| g‡b Kiv nq cÖv‡`wkK ivRavbx AvMÖv, jv‡nvi, seemed that apart from the provincial capitals †RŠbcyi, w`j-x I Avn‡g`vev` Qvov G‡ì †ewkifvMB Agra, Lahore, Jaunpur, Delhi and Ahmadabad, †Kv‡bv Awfhvb PjvKv‡j weivg wkwei wKsev Rq Kiv most of the names are either of the halting places †Kv‡bv kni wKsev ivR¨ hv ¯§viK gy`ªvi UvKkvj wn‡m‡e during the invention or are the occupied cities or eëüZ n‡q‡Q|26 G-mKj gy`ªvi g‡a¨ Lv‡›`‡ki AvwmiMo kingdoms which were used as the mint name of the commemorative coin.26 Among these coins, `yM©Rq‡K ¯§iYxq Kivi Rb¨ cÖPjb Kiv †mvbvi gy`ªv the gold coin issued to commemorate the victory weL¨vZ| GB gy`ªvi mvg‡bi wc‡V i‡q‡Q evR cvwLi of the Asirgarh fort of Khandesh is famous. The cÖwZK…wZ| Avi wecixZ wc‡V Avj-v AvKei Bm&dvb&`vigyR obverse of this coin bears a hawk. The legend- Bjvnx 49 Rvi&e Avwmi DrKxY© i‡q‡Q (Av‡jvKwPÎ 8)| Allah Akbar Isfandarmuz Illahi 49 zarb Asir is de- m¤¢eZ G-NUbv Dcj‡¶ G-ai‡bi wKQz i“cvi gy`ªv I evR picted on the reverse (Plate 8). Perhaps on this cvwLmn Ak¦v‡ivnx AvKe‡ii cÖwZK…wZhy³ Av‡iK ai‡bi occasion, some silver coins of this type and 27 another type, showing Akbar riding on a horse gy`ªv cÖPjb Kiv n‡qwQj| AvKei Zuvi ivR‡Z¡i 50 eQi with a hawk, were also issued.27 Akbar issued c~wZ© Dcj‡¶ wKQz †mvbv I i“cvi ¯§viK gy`ªvI cÖPjb commemorative coins on gold and silver also on K‡iwQ‡jb †hLv‡b gy`ªvi mvg‡bi wc‡V bvMix ni‡d Ôivg- the occasion of his 50th reignal year, where the wmqvÕ wjwcmn ivg I mxZvi cÖwZK…wZ DrKxY© i‡q‡Q effigy of Rama and Sita with the words Rama- (Av‡jvKwPÎ 9)| Siya in Nagri is found on the obverse of the coin (Plate 9).

Av‡jvKwPÎ 8: m¤ªvU AvKe‡ii ¯§viK gy`ªv, Av‡jvKwPÎ 9: m¤ªvU AvKe‡ii ¯§viK gy`ªv, 28 29 AvwmiMo Rq Dcj‡¶ Rvwi Kiv ivR‡Z¡i 50Zg eQi c~wZ© Dcj‡¶ Rvwi Kiv Plate 8: Commemorative coin of Emperor Akbar, Plate 9: Commemorative coin of Emperor Akbar, issued on the occasion of Asirgarh conquest28 issued on the occasion of 50th reignal year29 wbqwgZ †mvbvi †gvni (cÖvq 11 MÖvg) Ges i“cvi iƒcx (cÖvq During the Mughal period apart the regular gold 11 MÖvg) QvovI gyMj hy‡M kvmKiv gv‡S gv‡S D”P (2- muhar (about 11 gm) and silver rupee (about 11 gm), coins of higher (varies from two to thousand 1000 †Zvjv) I ¶z`ª gv‡bi gy`ªv gy`ªY Ki‡Zb| ¶z`ª gv‡bi tola) and lower denominations were also minted gy`ªvmg~n mvaviYZ `v‡bi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z Kiv n‡Zv| G‡`i 30 by the Mughal rulers from time to time. Generally g‡a¨ me †_‡K cÖPwjZ wQj wbmvi| GB gy`ªvi †Kv‡bv the lower denominational coins were struck for wba©vwiZ †ZŠjixwZ wQj bv| Drm‡ei ¸i“‡Z¡i gvÎv we‡ePbv largesse. The commonest of these was the K‡i wewfbœ IR‡bi gy`ªv cÖ¯‘Z Kiv n‡Zv|31 nisar.30

20 ¯§viK gy`ªv I †bvU m¤ªvU Rvnv½xi (1605-1627 wLª÷vã) Gi m~Pbv K‡ib There was no fixed weight standard for nisar coins. According to the degree of importance of Ges m¤ªvU dvi“Lkvqi (1713-1719 wLª÷vã) mgq Zv the occasion, nisar of various weights were 32 eÜ n‡q hvq| †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó Dcj¶ ev Drm‡e minted.31 It was initiated by Emperor Jahangir RbM‡Yi gv‡S weZi‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ wbmvi gy`ªv gy`ªY Kiv (1605-1627 AD) and was stopped in the reign of n‡Zv| mvaviYZ bZzb f‚wg `Lj, D‡Øvab, Rb¥ w`em ev Emperor Farrukhsiar (1713-1719 AD).32 Nisar coins were minted to distribute among the public hy×Rq cÖf…wZ D‡Ï‡k¨ G-mKj gy`ªv gy‡Vv gy‡Vv K‡i on some particular occasions or festivals. weZiY Kiv n‡Zv| Usually, these coins were distributed in handfuls on the occasion of occupying new lands, inauguration, birthday or victory in war etc. AvBb-B-AvKeix‡Z AvKei (1542-1605 wLª÷vã) I Coins of higher denomination of Akbar (1542- Rvnv½x‡ii AvZ¥Rxebx ZzRyK-B-Rvnv½xix‡Z Rvnv½xi 1605 AD) are mentioned in the Ain-i-Akbari and KZ…©K cÖPjb Kiv D”P gv‡bi gy`ªvi D‡j-L Av‡Q| of Jahangir in his autobiography Tuzuk-i- 33 Jahangiri. These coins are also referred to by KwZcq ch©UKI G-mKj gy`ªvi D‡j-L K‡i‡Qb| several travelers.33 Emperor Akbar had issued m¤ªvU AvKei 100 †gvni (kvnvbkvn&), 50 †gvni 100 muhar (Shanshah), 50 muhar (Rahas), 25 (ivnvm), 25 †gvni (AvZ¥v) Ges AviI Ab¨ gv‡bi gy`ªv muhar (Atmah) and other denomination of coins. Emperor Jahangir had issued the higher Rvwi K‡iwQ‡jb| m¤ªvU Rvnv½xi 100, 50, 20, 10 I denominational coins in gold and silver in the 5 †gvni Ges G‡`i wewfbœ ¸Y-gv‡bi †mvbv I i“cvi multiples of 100, 50, 20, 10 and 5 muhar. These gy`ªvi cÖPjb K‡iwQ‡jb| †mvbvi gy`ªv¸‡jvi bvg wQj gold coins were known as Nur-shahi, Nur- h_v ‡ g b~i-kvnx, b~i-myjZvbx, b~i-†`ŠjZ, b~i-Kig I sultani, Nur-daulat, Nur-karam and Nur-mihr respectively. The silver coins were respectively b~i-wgn&i| i“cvi gy`ªv¸‡jv‡K h_v ‡ g †KŠKf-B- called Kaukab-i-tala'i, Kaukab-i-iqbal, Kaukab-i- ZvjvB, †KŠKf-B-BKevj, †KŠKf-B-gyiv`, †KŠKf-B- murad, Kaukab-i-bakht and Kau-kab-i-saad. The eLZ I †KŠKf-B-mvÕ` ejv n‡Zv| cieZ©x gyMj succeeding Mughal monarchs also follow this kvmKivI GB ixwZ AbymiY K‡iwQ‡jb| tradition. Unfortunately a very few of these special coins are now found. British Museum `yf©vM¨RbKfv‡e G-mKj we‡kl gy`ªv Lye KgB cvIqv (London), Huntarian Museum (Glasgow) and wM‡q‡Q| weªwUk wgDwRqvg (jÛb), nv‡›Uwiqb wgDwRqvg Fitz William Museum (Cam-bridge) have (M-vm‡Mv), wdU©R DBwjqvg wgDwRqvg (†KgweªR) collected several Mughal coins of higher K‡qKwU D”P gv‡bi gy`ªv msMÖn K‡i‡Q| denominations.

34 Av‡jvKwPÎ 10: m¤ªvU Rvnv½x‡ii 1000 †gvni (cÖvq 12 †KwR) Gi †mvbvi gy`ªv Plate 10: 1000 muhar (about 12 kg) gold coin of Emperor Jahangir34

Commemorative Coins and Notes 21 m¤ªvU Rvnv½x‡ii 1000 †gvni Gi wekvjvKvi GK †mvbvi A gigantic gold coin of 1000 muhar, possibly a gy`ªv, m¤¢eZ †Kv‡bv K‚U‰bwZK Dc‡XŠKb, 1987 mv‡j diplomatic gift of Emperor Jahangir had come for sale in 1987 through an auction company, myBRvij¨v‡Ûi †R‡bfv¯’ n¨vem&evM© †dj&Wg¨vb GmG bvgK Habsburg Feldman S.A. of Geneva, Switzerland. wbjvg †Kv¤úvwbi gva¨‡g wew i Rb¨ Av‡m (Av‡jvKwPÎ This coin was struck in the Agra mint in 1613 AD. 10)| gy`ªvwU 1613 wLª÷v‡ã AvMÖv UvKkv‡j cÖ¯‘Z| Gi It has diameter of 20 cm and weighted almost 12 e¨vm 20 †mwg Ges IRb cÖvq 12 wK‡jvMÖvg| ejv nq GwU kilograms (Plate 10). It is said to be the largest c„w_ex‡Z ˆZwi me‡P‡q eo †mvbvi gy`ªv| HwZnvwmK m~Î gold coin of the world ever made. According to historical records one such gigantic coin was Abyhvqx m¤ªvU Ji½‡Re (1658-1707 wLª÷vã) weRvcy‡ii given by Emperor Aurangzeb (1658-1707 AD) to wei“‡× †Kv‡bv GK Awfhv‡b m¤ªv‡Ui cyÎ gyqvw¾g‡K Firuz Jung of Asaf-Jahi dynasty in Hyderabad in mnvqZv Kivi ¯^xK…wZ¯îƒc Giƒc wekvjvKvi GK gy`ªv recognition of services rendered to the emperor's Avmvd-hvwn ivRes‡ki wdiƒR Rs‡K w`‡qwQ‡jb|35 son, Muazzam, during one of his expeditions 35 ivR`~Z, gwnjv Ges Ab¨ wcÖq cvÎ‡ì Dcnvi †`qvi Rb¨ against Bijapur. Coins of higher denominations 36 were struck for presentation to ambassadors, G-ai‡bi D”P gv‡bi gy`ªv cÖ¯‘Z Kiv n‡Zv| gyMj‡ì ladies and other favourites.36 The lower and ¶z`ª I D”P gv‡bi G-mKj gy`ªv‡K Aek¨B ¯§viK wn‡m‡e higher denominational coins of the Mughals can we‡ePbv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| be considered as commemorative coins.

¯§viK gy`ªvi AviI `„óvšÍ cvIqv hvq RqšÍxqv iv‡R¨ (Avby. The examples of commemorative coins have also 1548-1835 wLª÷vã)| fvi‡Zi †gNvjq iv‡R¨i RqšÍxqv found in Jaintia kingdom (ca. 1548-1835 AD). The independent kingdom of Jaintia was formed in the cvnvo Ges eZ©gvb wm‡j‡Ui DËi-c~e© mgf~wg‡Z RqšÍxqv Jaintia Hills of Meghalaya, India and plain land of bvgK GB ¯^vaxb ivR¨ M‡o D‡VwQj| RqšÍxqvi ivRviv north east Sylhet. The Jaintia kings issued wmsnvm‡b Av‡ivnY Dcj‡¶ ¯§viK gy`ªv Rvwi Ki‡Zb| G- commemorative coins on the occasion of ch©šÍ 15 Rb RqšÍxqv ivRvi gy`ªv Avwe®‹…Z n‡q‡Q ascending the throne. Coins (Plate 11) of fifteen 37 (Av‡jvKwPÎ 11)|37 G-mKj gy`ªvi ¸i“Z¡c~Y© ˆewkó¨ n‡jv Jaintia rulers are discovered so far. An important feature of these coins is that they do not Zviv cÖPjbKvix ivRvi bvg aviY K‡i bv| AwaKvsk †¶‡Î contain the name of the issuers. In most of the cÖPjbKvix ivRv‡K kbv³ Kiv nq gy`ªvq DrKxY© Zvwi‡Li cases their issuers are identified on the basis of wfwË‡Z| the date depicted on coins.

38 Av‡jvKwPÎ 11: RqšÍxqv ivRv wØZxq ivgwms Gi gy`ªv (Avby. 1790-1832 wLª÷vã) Plate 11: Coin of Jaintia King Ramsimha II (ca. 1790-1832 AD)38

22 ¯§viK gy`ªv I †bvU wmsnvmb Av‡ivnY Dcj‡¶ gy`ªv cÖPjb Kivi ixwZ The tradition of issuing coins in the occasion of fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k Jcwb‡ewkK hy‡MI cÖPwjZ wQj| ascending the throne was continued during the Colonial period in the Indian subcontinent. But the wKš‘ kvmKiv gy`ªvq Dcj¶ D‡j-L Ki‡Zb bv| wØZxq rulers did not mention the occasion on coins. wek¦hy‡×i c~‡e© gy`ªv mvaviYZ g~jëvb avZz‡Z cÖ¯‘Z Kiv Before the World War II, coins were generally n‡Zv| wesk kZ‡K wewbgq‡hvM¨ gy`ªvq g~jëvb avZzi made of precious metals. However, during the eënvi ‡ gB mxwgZ n‡q c‡o| 20th century, the use of precious metals for circulating currency became increasingly limited. cÖ_g wek¦hy× Ges 30 Gi `k‡K wek¦ A_©‰bwZK g›`vi The World War I and the world economic crisis of d‡j †mvbv I i“cvi gy`ªvi A¯’vqx ev ¯’vqx we‡jvc N‡U the 1930s brought about temporary or permanent abolition of the convertibility of notes to silver and Ges Zv e¨vsK‡bv‡U iƒcvšÍwiZ nq| ZviciI H gold coins. While the commemorative coins of `kK¸‡jv‡Z g~jëvb avZz‡Z ¯§viK gy`ªv cÖ¯‘Z Kiv n‡Zv these decades continued to be issued Ges wewbgq‡hvM¨ gy`ªv wn‡m‡e G‡ì eënvi mxwgZ predominantly in precious metals, their use as A_ev m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡cB eÜ n‡q hvq| d‡j GKwU c„_K circulating currency became scarce or stopped †kÖwYi gy`ªv wn‡m‡e ¯§viK gy`ªvi Dbœqb N‡U hvi mv‡_ entirely. Thus, the commemorative coins ˆbwgwËKfv‡e eëüZ gy`ªv I †bv‡Ui cÖZ¨¶fv‡e ¯^xK…Z developed into a separate class of coins with no immediately recognizable link to the coins and †Kv‡bv †hvMm~Î †bB| eZ©gv‡b GB †kÖwYi gy`ªv notes used in everyday transactions. This class of msMÖvnK‡ì mvgMÖx A_ev wKQz †¶‡Î A_©‰bwZK coins are collectors' items, or in some cases wewb‡qvM| objects for economic investment.

BwZnvm: ¯§viK †bvU History: Commemorative Notes gy`ªv Avwe®‹v‡ii A‡bK c‡i †bv‡Ui Avwef©ve N‡U| cÖ_g Notes appeared after a long period of the KvM‡Ri †bv‡Ui Avwef©ve N‡U mßg kZ‡K Px‡bi kvs invention of coins. The first known note on paper ivRes‡ki mg‡q (Avby. 618-907 wLª÷vã)| mI`vMi I appeared in China in the Tang Dynasty (ca. 618- 907 AD) during the 7th century. The merchants cvBKvix eëmvqxiv eo eo evwYwR¨K wewbg‡qi mgq and wholesalers used these notes to avoid the fvix avZe gy`ªvi cwienb Gov‡Z GB †bvU eënvi heavy bulk of metallic coins in large commercial Ki‡Zb| cÖK…Zc‡¶ ivóª KZ…©K cÖ_g KvM‡Ri †bvU transactions. Actually, the first paper currency (wRqvDwR) Rvwi nq 1024 wLª÷v‡ã Px‡bi wmPzqvb (Jiaozi) was issued by the state in 1024 at iv‡Rï ms ivRes‡k (Avby. 960-1279 wLª÷vã)|39 Sichuan in China during the Song (ca. 960-1279 39 gv‡K©v‡cv‡jv (Avby. 1254-1324 wLª÷vã) I DBwjqvg AD) dynasty. The Chinese paper money became known in Europe through the travelers, Ae i“ei“K (Avby. 1220-1293 wLª÷vã) cÖgyL such as Marco Polo (ca. 1254-1324 AD) and ch©UK‡ì gva¨‡g Px‡bi KvM‡Ri †bvU wLª÷xq 13 kZ‡K 40 William of Rubruck (ca. 1220 -1293 AD) in the BD‡iv‡c cwiwPZ n‡qwQj| Z_vwc BD‡iv‡c h_v_© 13th century.40 Though in Europe, proper notes †bv‡Ui cÖPjb nq 1666 wLª÷v‡ã e¨vsK Ae myB‡W‡bi were issued by Stockholms Banco (also known as c~e©m~ix ÷K‡nvgm e¨vs‡Kv (e¨vsK Ae cvg÷ªvm A_ev Bank of Palmstruch or Palmstruch Bank), a cvg÷ªvm e¨vsK bv‡gI cwiwPZ) Gi gva¨‡g| predecessor of Bank of Sweden in 1666. fviZxq †bv‡Ui BwZnvm 1770 mv‡ji hLb KjKvZv¯’ The history of Indian notes dating back to 1770, GKwU †emiKvwi e¨vsK, e¨vsK Ae wn›`y¯’vb cÖ_g †bvU when Bank of Hindustan, a private bank located in 41 Kolkata issued its first notes.41 Bank of Bengal cÖPjb K‡i| 1806 mv‡j cÖwZwôZ e¨vsK Ae †e½jI established in 1806 also issued notes . These †bvU Rvwi K‡iwQj| G-mKj †bvU fviZe‡l© 1861 notes were in circulation till 1861. mvj ch©šÍ Pvjy wQj|

Commemorative Coins and Notes 23 1861 mv‡j fviZ miKvi (weªwUk) †bvU Rvwii KZ…©Z¡ MÖnY The Government of India (British Raj) undertook K‡i Ges c~‡e© RvwiK…Z mKj †bvU Rã K‡i| 1935 mv‡j the authority to issue notes in 1861, and ceased all banks' currency issued earlier. In 1935, the wiRvf© e¨vsK Ae BwÛqv cÖwZwôZ nq Ges ZLb †_‡K GwU Reserve Bank of India was established, and since fvi‡Z †bvU Rvwi Kivi GKgvÎ KZ…©c¶| then it has been the only currency-issuing authority for India.

†bv‡Ui GB `xN© BwZnv‡m ¯§viK †bv‡Ui Avwef©ve nq 1910 From that long history of notes, the mv‡j †gw·‡Kv‡Z|42 G-eQi e¨vb‡Kv wg‡b‡iv (†gw·‡Kvi commemorative issues appeared in 1910 in Mexico.42 In this year Banco Minero (formerly mv‡eK †÷U wPûqvûqv Aew¯’Z wQj) †gw·‡Kvi ¯^vaxbZvi located in Mexican state Chihuahua) issued two kZel© D`&hvcb Dcj‡¶ 5 †c‡mv (Av‡jvKwPÎ 12) Ges commemorative notes of 5 peso (Plate 12) and 10 43 10 †c‡mv g~j¨gv‡bi `ywU ¯§viK †bvU cÖPjb K‡i| peso to celebrate the centenary of Mexico's independence.43

44 Av‡jvKwPÎ 12: 5 †c‡mv †bvU, †gw·‡Kv, 1910 Plate 12: 5 Peso note, Mexico 191044

Dcgnv‡`‡k, fviZ cÖ_g ¯§viK †bvU Rvwi K‡i 1969 In the subcontinent, India issued its first com- mv‡j gnvZ¥v MvÜxi Rb¥kZevwl©Kx Dcj‡¶| ¯§viK †bvU memorative note in 1969 on the occasion of the birth centenary of Mahatma Gandhi. The trend on cÖPj‡bi aviv 1990 Gi kZK †_‡K RbwcÖq n‡Z _v‡K| issuing commemorative notes has become eZ©gvb mg‡q c„w_exi cÖvq me †`kB wewfbœ Dcj‡¶ ¯§viK popular from the 1990s onward. Now a day, †bvU Rvwi K‡i _v‡K| almost every country of the world issues commemorative notes in various occasions.

24 ¯§viK gy`ªv I †bvU evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki RvwiK…Z ¯§viK gy`ªv I †bvU Commemorative Coins and Notes issued by Bangladesh Bank

Commemorative Coins and Notes 25 1947 mv‡j weªwUk fviZ wefv‡Mi ci evsjv‡`k After the partition of British India in 1947, the cvwK¯Ív‡bi As‡k cwiYZ nq Ges Zv 1971 mv‡ji gyw³hy× territory of Bangladesh became the part of Pakistan and it continued till the Liberation War of 1971. c~e©eZ©x mgqKvj ch©šÍ ejer wQj| G-mgq GLv‡b During this period Pakistani coins and notes were in cvwK¯Ívwb gy`ªv I †bvU cÖPwjZ wQj| 1971 mv‡j evsjv‡`k circulation here. After the birth of Bangladesh in R‡b¥i ci evsjv‡`k miKvi †÷U e¨vsK Ae cvwK¯Ív‡bi 1971, the Government reorganized the Dhaka XvKv kvLv‡K †`‡ki †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡K cybwe©b¨vm K‡i Ges Branch of the State Bank of Pakistan as the Central Bank of the country, and named it Bangladesh Gi bvg ivLv nq evsjv‡`k e¨vsK| evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki Bank. It came into existence with retrospective effect Kvh© g ïi“i mgq aiv nq 16 wW‡m¤î 1971| †K›`ªxq from 16 December 1971. As the central bank it has e¨vsK nIqvq GwU evsjv‡`‡k gy`ªv I †bvU Rvwii GKgvÎ the sole authority to issue coins and notes in KZ…©c¶| 1972 wLª÷v‡ã cvwK¯Ívwb Ôi“cxÕ‡K cÖwZ¯’vcb Bangladesh. The 'taka' became Bangladesh's K‡i ÔUvKvÕ evsjv‡`‡ki gy`ªvq cwiYZ nq| ˆbwgwËK currency replacing the Pakistani 'rupee' in 1972. Coins for regular circulation were first introduced in cÖPj‡bi Rb¨ 1973 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g 5, 10, 25 Bangladesh in 1973 in denominations of 5, 10, 25 Ges 50 cqmv g~j¨gv‡bi gy`ªvi m~Pbv nq| evsjv‡`‡k gy`ªvi and 50 paisa. A new chapter was opened in the BwZnv‡m GK bZzb Aa¨v‡qi m~Pbv nq 1991 mv‡j hLb history of coins of Bangladesh in 1991 when evsjv‡`k e¨vsK ¯§viK gy`ªv Rvwi ïi“ K‡i| Bangladesh Bank under took to issue commemorative coins. evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g ¯§viK gy`ªv Rvwi Kiv n‡qwQj 1991 The first commemorative coins of Bangladesh were issued in 1991 on the occasion of the 20th mv‡j weRq wè‡mi 20Zg evwl©Kx Dcj‡¶| evsjv‡`k anniversary of Victory Day. Bangladesh Bank has e¨vsK wewfbœ ¸i“Z¡c~Y© NUbv‡K Zvrch©gwÊZ Kivi Rb¨ G- issued eleven commemorative coins so far to signify ch©šÍ GMviwU ¯§viK gy`ªv Rvwi K‡i‡Q| †h-mKj Dcj‡¶ various events. The occasions on which these coins G-me gy`ªv Rvwi n‡q‡Q Zvn‡jv MÖx®§Kvjxb Awjw¤úK †Mgm were issued, are Summer Olympic Games 1992, th 1992, ¯^vaxbZvi iRZ RqšÍx 1996, evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki Silver Jubilee of Independence, 25 Anniversary of Bangladesh Bank, Inauguration of Jamuna Bridge, iRZ RqšÍx 1996, hgybv †mZy D‡Øvab 1998, AvšÍR©vwZK International Mother Language Day, ICC Cricket gvZ…fvlv wèm 2000, AvBwmwm w ‡ KU wek¦Kvc 2011, World Cup 2011, 150th Birth Anniversary of iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii 150Zg Rb¥evwl©Kx 2011, Ôwe‡`ªvnxÕ Rabindranath Tagore 2011, 90 Years of the Poem th KweZvi 90 eQi c~wZ© cÖf„wZ| evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡K G-me gy`ªv 'Bidrohi', 40 Victory Anniversary of Bangladesh, etc. All these coins are available for sale in the we ‡ qi eë¯’v Av‡Q| gy`ªv¸‡jvi g‡a¨ GKwU †mvbvi Avi Bangladesh Bank. Among these coins only one is evwK¸‡jv i“cvi ˆZwi| gy`ªv¸‡jvi AwfwnZ g~j¨ n‡jv 1, made of gold and the rest other are in silver. The 10 Ges 20 UvKv| G-mKj ¯§viK gy`ªv Rvg©vwb, face values of these coins are one, ten and twenty †b`vij¨vÛ, †WbgvK©, KvbvWv, †¯-vfvwKqv cÖf…wZ †`‡ki taka. The commemorative coins were minted in UvKkvj †_‡K gy`ªY Kiv n‡qwQj| various mints in Germany, The Netherlands, Denmark, Canada, Spain, Slovakia etc. evsjv‡`k e¨vsK G-ch©šÍ 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500 Ges Bangladesh Bank has so far issued notes in the 1000 UvKv g~j¨gv‡bi †bvU Rvwi K‡i‡Q| me¸‡jv †bvUB denominations of tk.5, tk.10, tk.20, tk.50, tk.100, tk.500 and tk.1000. All these notes are used for ˆbwgwËK eënv‡ii Rb¨| G-mKj †bvU QvovI, regular transaction. Beside these notes, Bangladesh mv¤cÖwZKKv‡j evsjv‡`k e¨vsK `ywU ¯§viK †bvU Rvwi Bank has issued two commemorative notes in K‡i‡Q| †bvU `ywUi g‡a¨, 40 UvKv AwfwnZ g~‡jï cÖ_g recent time. Between the two notes, the first one has †bvUwU 40Zg weRq wèm Dcj‡¶ 2011 mv‡j Rvwi Kiv been issued on the occasion of 40th Anniversary of nq| Avi 60 UvKv AwfwnZ g~‡jï wØZxq †bvUwU Rvwi Kiv Victory Day in 2011 in denomination of tk. 40. The second one has been issued on the occasion of 60th nq 2012 mv‡j fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi 60 eQi c~wZ© Dcj‡¶| Anniversary of Language Movement in 2012 in denomination of tk. 60.

26 ¯§viK gy`ªv I †bvU evsjv‡`k ¯§viK gy`ªv 01 Bangladesh Commemorative Coin 01

th Dcj¶: 20Zg weRq evwl©Kx 1991 Occasion: 20 Anniversary of Victory Day 1991

1947 mv‡j weªwUk fviZ wef³ n‡q `ywU bZzb ivóª fviZ I The Partition of British India in 1947 formed to two cvwK¯Ívb MwVZ nq| cvwK¯Ívb MwVZ nq †fŠ‡MvwjK I new states; India and Pakistan. Pakistan mvs¯‹…wZKfv‡e Avjv`v `ywU AÂj cwðg cvwK¯Ívb I c~e© comprised two geographically and culturally separate areas; West Pakistan and East Pakistan cvwK¯Ívb (AvaywbK evsjv‡`k) wb‡q| cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b (modern-day Bangladesh). Political power was ivR‰bwZK kw³ †K›`ªxf~Z wQj Ges GwU e¨vcKfv‡e concentrated in West Pakistan and it was widely Dcjwä Kiv hvw”Qj †h Acwimxg `ytL `y`©kv mnKv‡i c~e© perceived that East Pakistan was being exploited cvwK¯Ívb A_©‰bwZKfv‡e †kvwlZ n‡”Q| c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b economically, leading to many grievances. The movement to claim independence started. In that ¯^vaxKvi Av`v‡qi Av‡›`vjb `vbv euva‡Z _v‡K| GB situation, at night on 25 March 1971, the Bengali †cÖ¶vc‡U c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi evOvwjiv 1971 mv‡ji 25 gvP© people of East Pakistan were met by brutal iv‡Z cwðg cvwK¯Ívwb kvmK †Mvôxi cvkweK `gbg~jK suppressive force from the ruling authority of West kw³i gy‡LvgywL nq hv ÔAcv‡ikb mvP©jvBUÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ| Pakistan which was termed 'Operation cvwK¯Ívb †mbvevwnbx GB Av gY ïi“ Kivi ciB e½eÜz Searchlight'. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was arrested from his Dhanmondi †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K Zuvi avbgwÊi evmfeb †_‡K 26 gvP© residence at midnight on 26 March 1971 after the ga¨iv‡Z †MÖdZvi Kiv nq| Pakistan Army crack-down started.

45 †Rbv‡ij †R.Gm. A‡iviv I †jd‡Ub¨v›U †Rbv‡ij G.G.†K. wbqvRxi AvZ¥mgc©Y `wj‡j ¯^v¶i Gen J.S. Aurora and Lt. Gen A.A.K. Niazi's signatures on the Instrument of Surrender45

Commemorative Coins and Notes 27 46 gywRebMi miKv‡ii kc_ MÖnY, gywRebMi, †g‡nicyi, 17 GwcÖj 1971 Oath taking of Mujibnagar Government, Mujibnagar, Meherpur, 17 April 197146

47 hy×‡¶‡Î gyw³‡hv×viv Freedom fighters in a battle field47

28 ¯§viK gy`ªv I †bvU †MÖdZv‡ii Av‡MB e½eÜz evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv Prior to his arrest Bangabandhu declared the K‡ib| 1971 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤î weRq AwR©Z nq `xN© bq Independence of Bangladesh. The victory was gained in 16 December 1971 through a war spanning nine gv‡mi hy× Ges c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖvq 30 j¶ cÖv‡Yi months and loss of about 3 million people of East wewbg‡q| G-w`b cwðg cvwK¯Ívb †mbvevwnbxi AwabvqK Pakistan. Lt. Gen A.A.K. Niazi, Commanding Officer †jd‡Ub¨v›U †Rbv‡ij G.G.†K. wbqvRx XvKvi †im‡Kvm© of Pakistan Army surrendered at Ramna Racecourse gq`v‡b (eZ©gvb †mvnivIqv`x© D`¨vb) AvZ¥mgc©Y K‡ib Ground (now Suhrawardy Uddyan) in Dhaka on that Ges †mw`bB evsjv †`k bv‡gi RvwZ ivóª P~ovšÍfv‡e day and the nation state of Bangla Desh was finally established on the following day. This day is cÖwZwôZ nq| GB w`bwU‡K RvwZ weRq wèm wn‡m‡e celebrated as the Bijoy Dibash (Victory Day) of the D`&hvcb K‡i| 1991 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤î RvwZ weR‡qi nation. The nation has celebrated the 20th 20Zg evwl©Kx D`&hvcb K‡i| evsjv‡`k e¨vsK G-Dcj‡¶ anniversary of victory in 16 December 1991. GKwU i“cvi ¯§viK gy`ªv Rvwi K‡i| gy`ªvwU Gbvgyj n‡Ki Bangladesh Bank has issued a commemorative coin bKkv Kiv Ges Rvg©vwb‡Z gyw`ªZ| of silver to celebrate the occasion. This coin was designed by Enamul Haque and minted in Germany.

avZz: 925 dvBb wmjfvi, IRb: 31.47 MÖvg Metal: 925 fine silver, Weight: 31.47 gm gvÎv: 38.61X38.61X3.00 wgwg Dimension: 38.61X38.61X3.00 mm AwfwnZ g~j¨: 1 UvKv Face value: 1 Taka welqe¯‘ Legend mvg‡bi wcV: e„‡Ëi gv‡S gyw³hy‡×i mvZ exi‡kÖôi Obverse: Within a circle images of seven Beershreshtha (great heroes) of the Liberation cÖwZK…wZ, evB‡i evsjv wjwc‡Z e„ËvKv‡i exi‡kÖô/ War in the middle; outside the circle Beer- evsjv‡`k 16B wW‡m¤^i 20Zg weRq w`em 1991| cy‡iv shreshtha / Bangladesh 16 December 20tamo welqe¯‘ GKwU e„Ë w`‡q †Niv| Vijay Dibash 1991 in Bangla in a circular way. The total composition is enclosed by a circle. wecixZ wcV: Ic‡ii As‡k Bs‡iwR wjwc‡Z e„ËvKv‡i Reverse: 20th VICTORY DAY OF BANGLADESH in a Uz‡qbwU_ wf±ix †W Ae evsjv‡`k, wb‡Pi As‡k Bs‡iwR circular way in English in the upper field; NATIONAL wjwc‡Z b¨vkbvj †g‡gvwiqvj, Rvwi Kivi mvj 1991 Ges MEMORIAL, the year of issue 1991 and the face value ONE TAKA in English in the lower field; the AwfwnZ g~j¨ Iqvb UvKv, gv‡S RvZxq ¯§„wZ‡mŠ‡ai image of the National Memorial in the middle. The cÖwZK…wZ| cy‡iv welqe¯‘ GKwU e„Ë w`‡q †Niv| total composition is enclosed by a circle.

Commemorative Coins and Notes 29 evsjv‡`k ¯§viK gy`ªv 02 Bangladesh Commemorative Coin 02

Dcj¶: MÖx®§Kvjxb Awjw¤úK †Mgm& 1992 Occasion: Summer Olympic Games 1992 wLª÷c~e© Aóg kZvwã‡Z MÖx‡m cÖ_g Awjw¤úK †Mgm& ïi“ Olympic Games was first started in Greece in 8th nq| GB †Mgm& RvwZ, ag©, eY© wbwe©‡k‡l mviv c„w_exi century BC. This games develops friendship gvby‡li gv‡S eÜzZ¡c~Y© m¤úK© ˆZwi K‡i| 1992 mv‡ji among the people across the world irrespective of nations, religions and races. 1992 Summer MÖx®§Kvjxb Awjw¤úK †Mgm& (`vßwiKfv‡e †Mgm& Ae `¨v Olympic Games (officially known as the Games of Uz‡qbwU-wdd&_ Awjw¤úqvW bv‡g cwiwPZ) †¯ú‡bi the XXV Olympiad) was held in Barcelona, Spain. ev‡m©‡jvbvq AbywôZ n‡qwQj| GB gnvb †Mg‡m& 169 9,356 (6,652 men and 2,704 women) athletes †`‡ki 9,356 Rb (cyi“l 6,652 I bvix 2,704) from 169 nations had participated in 286 events in xovwe` 286wU †Ljvq AskMÖnY K‡i| evsjv‡`k †_‡K 6 the great game show. Six athletes from Bangladesh had taken part in the game in two Rb xovwe` `ywU †Ljv: cyi“l‡`i 100 wgUvi w¯cÖ›U I events: Men's 100 Metres Sprint and Men's 4x100 X 4 100 wgUvi wi‡j †i‡m Ask wb‡qwQj| evsjv‡`k e¨vsK Metres Relay Race. Bangladesh Bank has issued 1992 Gi Awjw¤úK †Mgm& Dcj‡¶ GKwU i“cvi ¯§viK a commemorative coin of silver on the occasion of gy`ªv Rvwi K‡i| gy`ªvwU Gbvgyj n‡Ki bKkv Kiv Ges the Olympic Games of 1992. This coin was Rvg©vwb‡Z gyw`ªZ| designed by Enamul Haque and minted in Germany.

1992 MÖx®§Kvjxb Awjw¤ú‡Ki †jv‡Mv Logo of 1992 Summer Olympics

30 ¯§viK gy`ªv I †bvU avZz: 925 dvBb wmjfvi, IRb: 31.47 MÖvg Metal: 925 fine silver, Weight: 31.47 gm gvÎv: 38.61X38.61X3.01 wgwg Dimension: 38.61X38.61X3.01 mm AwfwnZ g~j¨: 1 UvKv Face value: 1 Taka welqe¯‘ Legend

th mvg‡bi wcV: Ic‡ii As‡k e„ËvKv‡i Bs‡iwR wjwc‡Z Obverse: 25 OLYMPIC GAMES 1992 in English in Uz‡qbwU-wdd&_ Awjw¤úK †Mgm& 1992, wb‡Pi As‡k Bs‡iwR the upper field; BANGLADESH in both Bangla and English in the lower field; face value ONE TAKA in I evsjv Dfq wjwc‡Z evsjv‡`k, ev‡g AwfwnZ g~j¨ Iqvb the left field; two athletes running with Olympic UvKv| gv‡S Awjw¤úK gkvj wb‡q †`ŠoiZ `yRb flame in the middle. The total composition is xovwe‡`i cÖwZK…wZ| cy‡iv welqe¯‘ GKwU e„Ë w`‡q †Niv| enclosed by a circle. wecixZ wcV: mvj 1992 mn evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq cÖZxK| Reverse: National Emblem of Bangladesh with cy‡iv welqe¯‘ GKwU e„Ë w`‡q †Niv| date 1992. The total composition is enclosed by a circle.

Commemorative Coins and Notes 31 evsjv‡`k ¯§viK gy`ªv 03 Bangladesh Commemorative Coin 03

Dcj¶: ¯^vaxbZvi iRZ RqšÍx 1996 Occasion: Silver Jubilee of Independence 1996

1947 mv‡j cwðg cvwK¯Ívb I c~e© cvwK¯Ívb (AvaywbK Pakistan was formed to comprise West Pakistan evsjv‡`k) wb‡q cvwK¯Ívb MwVZ nq| c~e© cvwK¯Ívb cwðg and East Pakistan (modern-day Bangladesh) in 1947. East Pakistan was being exploited cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivR‰bwZK kw³i Kv‡Q cÖwZwbqZB economically by the political power of West A_©‰bwZKfv‡e †kvwlZ nw”Qj| e½eÜz †kL gywReyi Pakistan. The movement to claim independence ingv‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b ¯^vaxKvi Av`v‡qi started under the leadership of Bangabandhu Av‡›`vjb `vbv euva‡Z _v‡K| GB †cÖ¶vc‡U 1971 mv‡ji Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. In that situation, the 25 gvP© iv‡Z cvwK¯Ívb †mbvevwnbx c~e© cvwK¯Ívb Av gY Pakistan Army started crackdown in East Pakistan at night on 26 March 1971. The violent crackdown K‡i| GB wnsmª Av g‡Yi gy‡L 26 gvP© 1971 e½eÜz †kL led Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman gywReyi ingvb c~e© cvwK¯Ívb‡K ¯^vaxb ivóª evsjv †`k declaring East Pakistan's independence as the wn‡m‡e †NvlYv K‡ib| Gw`bB evOvwj mvgwiK evwnbx, state of Bangla Desh on 26 March 1971. Bengali AvavmvgwiK evwnbx I mvaviY gvbyl cwðg cvwK¯Ívb military, paramilitary and civilians started fight †mbvevwnbxi wei“‡× hy× ïi“ K‡i| against the West Pakistan army from that day.

48 gyw³‡hv×v‡`i cÖwk¶Y wkwei 1971 Training Camp of the Freedom Fighters 197148 fviZ gyw³evwnbx‡K A_©‰bwZK, mvgwiK I K‚U‰bwZK India provided economic, military and diplomatic support to the Mukti Bahini. The independence mnvqZv †`q| 1971 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤^i ¯^vaxbZv AwR©Z was gained in 16 December 1971 through a war nq cvwK¯Ívb †mbvevwnbxi wei“‡× `xN© bq gv‡mi hy× Ges spanning nine months against the Pakistan Army c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖvq 30 j¶ cÖv‡Yi wewbg‡q| and loss of about 3 million people of East Pakistan.

32 ¯§viK gy`ªv I †bvU 26 gvP© 1996 RvwZ ¯^vaxbZvi iRZ RqšÍx D`&hvcb K‡i| In 26 March 1996, the nation had celebrated the GB w`bwU ¯§iY Kiv nq ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv Ges j¶ j¶ Silver Jubilee of Independence. This day commemorates the country's declaration of bvMwi‡Ki g„Zz¨i Rb¨ huviv Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ Rxeb independence as well as the deaths of millions of DrmM© K‡i †M‡Qb| GB w`bwU‡K ¯§iYxq Ki‡Z evsjv‡`k civilians who sacrifice their lives for the sake of e¨vsK GKwU i“cvi ¯§viK gy`ªv Rvwi K‡i| gy`ªvwU †gvt our independence. To commemorate this day gyQwjg wgqvi bKkv Kiv Ges †¯ú‡b gyw`ªZ| Bangladesh Bank issued a commemorative coin of silver. This coin was designed by Md. Muslim Mia and minted in Spain.

avZz: 925 dvBb wmjfvi, IRb: 31.47 MÖvg Metal: 925 fine silver, Weight: 31.47 gm gvÎv: 38.61X38.61X2.84 wgwg Dimension: 38.61X38.61X2.84 mm AwfwnZ g~j¨: 10 UvKv Face value: 10 Taka

welqe¯‘ Legend mvg‡bi wcV: evB‡ii e„‡Ëi wfZ‡i evsjv wjwc‡Z e„ËvKv‡i Obverse: Bangladesher Swadhinatar Rajat evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi iRZ RqšÍx 1996, wb‡Pi As‡k Jayantee 1996 in Bangla in a circular way inside the outer circle; the face value ten 10 taka in evsjv wjwc‡Z AwfwnZ g~j¨ `k 10 UvKv, gv‡S e½eÜz †kL Bangla in the lower field; a image of gywReyi ingv‡bi cÖwZK…wZ| Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in the middle. wecixZ wcV: evB‡ii e„‡Ëi wfZ‡i evsjv wjwc‡Z e„ËvKv‡i Reverse: Bangladesher Swadhinatar Rajat evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi iRZ RqšÍx 1996, Ic‡ii As‡k Jayantee 1996 in Bangla in a circular way inside the outer circle; SILVER JUBILEE in English in the Bs‡iwR wjwc‡Z wmjfvi Rywejx, wb‡Pi As‡k evsjv wjwc‡Z upper field; and Jatio Smriti Shoudho; the face RvZxq ¯§„wZ †mŠa I AwfwnZ g~j¨ `k 10 UvKv, gv‡S value ten 10 taka in the lower field in Bangla; an RvZxq ¯§„wZ‡mŠ‡ai cÖwZK…wZ| image of National Memorial at Savar in the middle.

Commemorative Coins and Notes 33 evsjv‡`k ¯§viK gy`ªv 04 Bangladesh Commemorative Coin 04

Dcj¶: evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki iRZ RqšÍx 1996 Occasion: Silver Jubilee of Bangladesh Bank 1996 evsjv‡`k e¨vsK n‡jv †`‡ki †K›`ªxq e¨vsK| ¯^vaxbZv Bangladesh Bank is the Central Bank of the hy‡×i ci evsjv‡`k miKvi †÷U e¨vsK Ae cvwK¯Ív‡bi country. After the Liberation War the Government XvKv¯’ kvLv‡K †`‡ki †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡K cybM©wVZ K‡i Ges of Bangladesh reorganized the Dhaka branch of the State Bank of Pakistan as the Central Bank of Gi bvg ivLv nq evsjv‡`k e¨vsK| evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki the country, and named it Bangladesh Bank. Kvh© g ïi“i mgq aiv nq 16 wW‡m¤î 1971| †`‡ki Bangladesh Bank came into existence with gy`ªvbxwZ cÖYqb, cÖ‡qvM I eë¯’vcbv, FY eë¯’vcbv, retrospective effect from 16 December 1971. †`‡ki AvšÍR©vwZK gy`ªv Znwej eë¯’vcbv Ges †`‡ki Formulation, implementation and management of monetary policies, credit management, e¨vswKs †m±i wbqš¿Y GB e¨vs‡Ki cÖavb KvR| gy`ªv I management of the country's international e¨vsK‡bvU Rvwii †¶‡Î evsjv‡`k e¨vsK GKK ¶gZvi reserves and regulating the banking sector of the AwaKvix| 1 I 2 UvKvi †bvU Qvov GB e¨vsK mKj gv‡bi country are main tasks of the bank. Bangladesh evsjv‡`wk UvKv Rvwi K‡i| evsjv‡`‡k Gi Awdm Av‡Q Bank exercises monopoly power over the issue of `kwU| G¸‡jv n‡jv gwZwSj, mìNvU, ewikvj, Lyjbv, currency and the notes. Except 1 and 2 taka notes, this bank issues all other denominations of wm‡jU, e¸ov, ivRkvnx, iscyi, PÆMÖvg I gqgbwmsn| Gi Bangladeshi Taka. It has ten branches in mì `ßi XvKvi gwZwS‡j Aew¯’Z| 1996 mv‡j evsjv‡`k Bangladesh. These are in Motijheel, Sadarghat, e¨vsK mvd‡jï mv‡_ 25 eQi (iRZ RqšÍx) c~Y© K‡i| G Barisal, Khulna, Sylhet, Bogra, Rajshahi, Rangpur, Dcj‡¶ evsjv‡`k e¨vsK GKwU i“cvi ¯§viK gy`ªv Rvwi Chittagong and Mymensingh. It's headquarter is in K‡i| gy`ªvwU †gvt gyQwjg wgqvi bKkv Kiv Ges †¯ú‡b Motijheel, Dhaka. In 1996 Bangladesh Bank has successfully passed 25 years (Silver Jubilee). gyw`ªZ| Bangladesh Bank issued a commemorative silver coin on this occasion. This coin was designed by Md. Muslim Mia and minted in Spain.

49 evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki g‡bvMÖvg Bangladesh Bank Monogram49

Commemorative Coins and Notes 35 avZz: 925 dvBb wmjfvi, IRb: 31.47 MÖvg Metal: 925 fine silver, Weight: 31.47 gm gvÎv: 41.83X38.61X2.87 wgwg Dimension: 41.83X38.61X2.87 mm AwfwnZ g~j¨: 10 UvKv Face value: 10 Taka welqe¯‘ Legend mvg‡bi wcV: gv‡S evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki cÖavb Kvh©vj‡qi Obverse: The image of the head office of Ban- cÖwZK…wZ, Pviw`‡K evsjv wjwc‡Z e„ËvKv‡i evsjv‡`k e¨vsK gladesh Bank in the middle; Bangladesh Bank Rajat Jayantee 1971-1996; the face value ten 10 iRZ RqšÍx 1971-1996, AwfwnZ g~j¨ `k 10 UvKv, taka in Bangla in a circular way of the image; Ic‡ii As‡k Bs‡iwR wjwc‡Z wmjfvi Rywejx, cy‡iv SILVER JUBILEE in English in the upper field; the welqe¯‘ GKwU e„Ë w`‡q †Niv, GB e„ËwU Av‡iKwU AófzR total composition is enclosed by a circle, this circle w`‡q †Niv| is again enclosed by a octagon. wecixZ wcV: gv‡S i‡q‡Q evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq cÖZxK, Gi Reverse: National Emblem of Bangladesh in the Pvicv‡k i‡q‡Q evsjv wjwc‡Z e„ËvKv‡i evsjv‡`k e¨vsK middle; Bangladesh Bank Rajat Jayantee 1971- iRZ RqšÍx 1971-96 I AwfwnZ g~j¨ `k 10 UvKv, cy‡iv 1996; the face value ten 10 taka in Bangla in a circular way; the total composition is enclosed by welqe¯‘ GKwU e„Ë w`‡q †Niv, GB e„ËwU Av‡iKwU AófzR a circle, this circle is again enclosed by a octagon. w`‡q †Niv|

36 ¯§viK gy`ªv I †bvU evsjv‡`k ¯§viK gy`ªv 05 Bangladesh Commemorative Coin 05

Occasion: Inauguration of the Dcj¶: e½eÜz †mZzi D‡Øvab 1998 Bangabandhu Bridge 1998 e½eÜz †mZz eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki `xN©Zg †mZz| 1998 At present Bangabandhu Bridge is the longest mv‡j wbg©v‡Yi mgq GwU c„w_exi GMviZg `xN© (4.8 wKwg) bridge in Bangladesh. It was the 11th longest †mZy wQj| †mZywUi wbg©vY KvR kyi“ n‡qwQj 1994 mv‡ji bridge (4.8 km) in the world when constructed in 1998. The construction work of the bridge was 15 A‡±vei Ges 1998 mv‡ji 23 Ryb GwU hvb PjvP‡ji started in 15 October 1994 and opened in 23 June Rb¨ Db¥y³ Kiv nq| wekvjvKvi †mZywUi ˆ`N©¨ 4.8 wKwg 1998. The massive bridge is 4.8 km long with 47 †hLv‡b cÖvq 100 wgUvi ˆ`‡N©¨i 47wU ¯ú¨vb Ges `ycÖv‡šÍ main spans of approximately 100 metres and two cÖvq 65 wgUvi ˆ`‡N©¨i `ywU ¯ú¨vb i‡q‡Q| Gi Dcwifv‡Mi end spans of approximately 65 metres. The total cÖ¯’ 18.5 wgUvi| width of its deck is 18.5 metres.

e½eÜz †mZzi wbg©vY Construction of Bangabandhu Bridge

†mZzwU wbwg©Z n‡qwQj û›`vB BwÄwbqvwis A¨vÛ KÝUªvKkb This bridge was constructed by Hyundai (†Kvwiqv) KZ…©K 962 wgwjqb Wjvi LiP K‡i| GB Li‡Pi Engineering and Construction (Koera) at a cost of $962 million. The cost was shared by International Askx`vi nq B›Uvib¨vkbvj †W‡fjc‡g›U A¨v‡mvwm‡qkb Development Association (IDA), Asian (AvBwWG), Gwkqvb †W‡fjc‡g›U e¨vsK (GwWwe), Development Bank (ADB), Organisation for AM©vbvB‡Rkb di B‡Kv‡bvwgK †Kv-Acv‡ikb A¨vÛ Economic Co-operation and Development †W‡fjc‡g›U (IBwmwW) Ges evsjv‡`k miKvi| evsjv‡`k (OECD), and the Government of Bangladesh. e¨vsK e½eÜz †mZzi D‡Øvab Dcj‡¶ 20 UvKv AwfwnZ Bangladesh Bank has issued a silver commemorative coin of 20 taka face value on the g~‡j¨i GKwU i“cvi ¯§viK gy`ªv Rvwi K‡i| GwUi bKkv occasion of the inauguration of Bangabandhu K‡ib †gvt gymwjg wgqv| gy`ªvwU †¯-vfvwKqvq cÖ¯‘Z| Bridge. It was designed by Md. Muslim Mia. This coin was minted in Slovakia.

Commemorative Coins and Notes 37 avZz: 90% dvBb wmjfvi I 10% wb‡Kj, Metal: 90% fine silver and 10% nickel, IRb: 30 MÖvg Weight: 30 gm gvÎv: 40.00X40.00X2.25 wgwg Dimension: 40.00X40.00X2.25 mm AwfwnZ g~j¨: 20 UvKv Face value: 20 Taka welqe¯‘ Legend mvg‡bi wcV: evB‡ii e„‡Ëi wfZ‡i evsjv wjwc‡Z e„ËvKv‡i Obverse: Bangabandhu Setur Udbodhon 1998 e½eÜz †mZzi D‡Øvab 1998 evsjv‡`k, AwfwnZ g~j¨ wek Bangladesh and the face value twenty 20 taka in Bangla in a circular way inside the outer circle; an 20 UvKv, gv‡S e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi cÖwZK…wZ| image of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in the middle. wecixZ wcV: evB‡ii e„‡Ëi wfZ‡i evsjv wjwc‡Z e„ËvKv‡i Reverse: Bangabandhu Setur Udbodhon 1998 e½eÜz †mZyi D‡Øvab 1998 evsjv‡`k, AwfwnZ g~j¨ wek Bangladesh and the face value twenty 20 taka in Bangla in a circular way inside the outer circle; the 20 UvKv gv‡S e½eÜz †mZyi cÖwZK…wZ| image of the Bangabandhu Bridge in the middle.

38 ¯§viK gy`ªv I †bvU evsjv‡`k ¯§viK gy`ªv 06 Bangladesh Commemorative Coin 06

Dcj¶: e½eÜz †mZzi D‡Øvab 1998 Occasion: Inauguration of the Bangabandhu Bridge 1998 e½eÜz †mZz hgybv b`xi c~e© Zx‡ii fyTvcyi I cwðg Zx‡ii Bangabandhu Bridge connects Bhuapur on the wmivRMÄ‡K mshy³ K‡i‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki wZb cÖavb b`xi Jamuna River's east bank to Sirajganj on its west bank. It was constructed over the Jamuna River, GKwU Ges Rjwb®‹vk‡bi wePv‡i c„w_ex‡Z cÂg e„nËg one of the three major rivers of Bangladesh, and hgybv b`xi Ici GB †mZz wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q| GB †mZz the fifth largest in the world in terms of volumetric evsjv‡`‡ki c~e© I cwðg cÖv‡šÍi g‡a¨ GK †KŠkjMZ discharge. The bridge established a strategic link m¤úK© ¯’vcb K‡i‡Q| between the eastern and western parts of Bangladesh.

e½eÜz †mZz Bangabandhu Bridge

GwU MYgvby‡li Rb¨ bvbvwea mydj e‡q G‡b‡Q we‡kl K‡i, It generates multifarious benefits for the people †`‡k AvšÍtAvÂwjK evwYR¨ msNwUZ Kivi †¶‡Î| moK I and especially, promotes inter-regional trade in the country. Apart from quick movement of goods †ijc‡_ gvjvgvj I hvÎxi `ª“Z hvZvqvZ QvovI GB †mZz and passenger traffic by road and rail, it facilitated we`y¨r I cÖvK…wZK M¨vm mÂvjb Ges †Uwj‡hvMv‡hvM transmission of electricity and natural gas, and e¨e¯’vi mgš^q‡K mnR K‡i‡Q| †`‡ki AvšÍtAvÂwjK integration of telecommunication links. By evwY‡R¨ AMÖMwZ mva‡b mnvqZvi gva¨‡g e½eÜz †mZz promoting inter-regional trade within the country, evsjv‡`‡ki Av_©-mvgvwRK Dbœq‡b Zvrch©c~Y© f~wgKv †i‡L Bangabandhu Bridge has been significantly improving the socio-economic condition of the P‡j‡Q| country. evsjv‡`k e¨vsK e½eÜz †mZzi D‡Øvab Dcj‡¶ 10 UvKv Bangladesh Bank has issued a nickel AwfwnZ g~‡j¨i GKwU wb‡K‡ji ¯§viK gy`ªv Rvwi K‡i| commemorative coin of 10 taka face value on the GwUi bKkv K‡ib gvngy`v LvZzb| gy`ªvwU KvbvWvq cÖ¯‘Z| occasion of the inauguration of Bangabandhu Bridge. It was designed Mahmuda Khatun. This coin was minted in Canada.

Commemorative Coins and Notes 39 avZz: 100% wb‡Kj, IRb: 25 MÖvg Metal: 100% nickel, Weight: 25 gm gvÎv: 35.00X35.00X3.14 wgwg Dimension: 35.00X35.00X3.14 mm AwfwnZ g~j¨: 10 UvKv Face value: 10 Taka welqe¯‘ Legend mvg‡bi wcV: e„‡Ëi wfZ‡i evsjv wjwc‡Z e„ËvKv‡i e½eÜz Obverse: Bangabandhu Setur Udbodhon 1998 †mZyi D‡Øvab 1998 evsjv‡`k Ges AwfwnZ g~j¨ `k 10 Bangladesh and the face value ten 10 taka in Bangla in a circular way inside the outer circle; the UvKv, gv‡S e½eÜz †mZyi cÖwZK…wZ| image of the Bangabandhu Bridge in the middle. wecixZ wcV: e„‡Ëi wfZ‡i evsjv wjwc‡Z e„ËvKv‡i e½eÜz Reverse: Bangabandhu Setur Udbodhon 1998 †mZyi D‡Øvab 1998 evsjv‡`k Ges AwfwnZ g~j¨ `k 10 Bangladesh and the face value ten 10 taka in Bangla in a circular way inside the outer circle; the UvKv, gv‡S evsjv wjwc‡Z bvgmn Aciv‡Rq evsjvi image of Aparajeyo Bangla with its title in Bangla cÖwZK…wZ| in the middle.

40 ¯§viK gy`ªv I †bvU International Mother Language Day 21 February 2002

AvšÍR©vwZK gvZ…fvlv w`em Dcj‡¶ BD‡b‡¯‹vi cÖ_g cÖPvicÎ 2002 1st Poster of UNESCO on International Mother Language Day 2002

Commemorative Coins and Notes 41 evsjv‡`k ¯§viK gy`ªv 07 Bangladesh Commemorative Coin 07 Dcj¶: AvšÍR©vwZK gvZ…fvlv wèm 2000 Occasion: International Mother Language Day 2000 fvlv GKwU RvwZi HwZ‡nï aviK| gvZ…fvlvi gva¨‡g Language bears the heritage of a nation. Culture GKwU †`‡ki ms¯‹…wZ cÖRb¥ †_‡K cÖRb¥všÍ‡i Qwo‡q c‡o| spreads across generations of a country through mother language. International Mother Language fvlvZË¡, mvs¯‹…wZK êwPÎ¨ I eûfvlvi cÖwZ wek¦e¨vcx Day (21 February) was declared by the General m‡PZbZv cÖmv‡ii j‡¶¨ 1999 mv‡ji 17 b‡f¤î Conference of the United Nations Educational, RvwZms‡Ni wk¶v, weÁvb Ges ms¯‹…wZ welqK ms¯’v Scientific and Cultural Organization UNESCO in BD‡b‡¯‹vi mvaviY mfvq AvšÍR©vwZK gvZ…fvlv wè‡mi (21 17 November 1999 to promote worldwide awareness of linguistic, cultural diversity and †deª“qvwi) †NvlYv †Ìqv nq| wèmwU 1952 mv‡ji 21 multilingualism. The date represents the day 21 †deª“qvwi‡K Dc¯’vcb K‡i hv evOvwji BwZnv‡m GKwU February of 1952 which is a red-letter day in the ¯§iYxq w`b| Hw`b cuvPRb QvÎ wb‡R‡ì Rxeb DrmM© history of Bengali people. In that day, five students K‡iwQ‡jb Zuv‡ì gvZ…fvlv evsjvi ¯^xK…wZi `vwe‡Z| sacrificed their lives for recognition of their language, Bangla. This is the only example in the c„w_exi BwZnv‡m GwUB GKgvÎ bwRi †hLv‡b gvZ…fvlv world where people gave their blood to save their i¶vi Rb¨ RbZv wb‡Ri i³ w`‡q‡Q| 21 †deª“qvwi Ggb mother tongue. 21 February was such an epoch GK behyM m~PbvKvix NUbv †h Zv AvšÍR©vwZK gvZ…fvlv making incident that it has been immortalized by wèm wnmv‡e wek¦e¨vcx ¯^xK…wZi gva¨‡g wPi¯§iYxq n‡q‡Q| global recognition as International Mother Language Day. We as a nation feel proud that evsjv‡`k, evsjv fvlv Ges fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi m‡e©v”P Z¨vM Bangladesh, Bangla language and the supreme wek¦e¨vcx cÖkswmZ, ¯§iYxq Ges m¤§vwbZ nIqvq RvwZ sacrifice of our language movement are being wn‡m‡e Avgiv Me©‡eva Kwi| BD‡b‡¯‹vi GB ¯^xK…wZ much admired, remembered and honoured D`&hvc‡bi j‡¶¨ evsjv‡`k e¨vsK 2000 mv‡j GKwU worldwide. To celebrate this recognition of the UNESCO Bangladesh Bank issued a †mvbvi ¯§viK gy`ªv Rvwi K‡i| gy`ªvwU gvngy`v LvZz‡bi commemorative gold coin in 2000. This coin was bKkv Kiv Ges KvbvWvq gyw`ªZ | designed by Mahmuda Khatun and minted in Canada.

Agi GKz‡k Dcj‡¶ †K›`ªxq knx` wgbv‡i Avjcbv AsKb, 2013 Drawing alpana in front of the Central Shaheed Minar for Amar Ekushey celebration, 2013

42 ¯§viK gy`ªv I †bvU avZz: 22 K¨v‡iU †mvbv, IRb: 10 MÖvg Metal: Gold (22k), Weight: 10 gm gvÎv: 25.00X25.00X1.64 wgwg Dimension: 25.00X25.00X1.64 mm AwfwnZ g~j¨: 20 UvKv Face value: 20 Taka welqe¯‘ Legend mvg‡bi wcV: e„‡Ëi wfZ‡i evsjv wjwc‡Z e„ËvKv‡i Obverse: Anterjatik Matribhasha Dibosh in AvšÍR©vwZK gvZ…fvlv w`em, Bs‡iwR wjwc‡Z B›Uvib¨vkbvj Bangla, INTERNATIONAL MOTHER LANGUAGE DAY in English and the face value 20 taka in both English gv`vi j¨v½y‡qR †W I, AwfwnZ g~j¨ 20 UvKv, wb‡Pi and Bangla in a circular way inside the outer As‡k evsjv I Bs‡iwR Dfq wjwc‡Z 21†k †deª“qvix, gv‡S circle; 21 FEBRUARY both in Bangla and English in †K›`ªxq knx` wgbv‡ii cÖwZK…wZ mv‡_ PviwU evsjv eY© A, the lower field; the image of the Central Shaheed Av, K, L| knx` wgbv‡ii Ic‡i GKwU DošÍ cvwL| Minar with four Bangla alphabets au, aa, ka, kha in the middle. An image of a flying bird is on the Shaheed Minar. wecixZ wcV: evB‡ii e„‡Ëi wfZ‡i Bs‡iwR wjwc‡Z Reverse: INTERNATIONAL MOTHER LANGUAGE DAY in English, the year 2000 both in Bangla and English e„ËvKv‡i B›Uvib¨vkbvj gv`vi j¨v½y‡qR †W, evsjv I and the face value TWENTY TAKA in a circular way Bs‡iwR wjwc‡Z 2000 mvj Ges Bs‡iwR wjwc‡Z AwfwnZ inside the outer circle. Bangladesh Bank in Bangla g~j¨ Uz‡qbwU UvKv, gv‡S e„‡Ëi wfZ‡i evsjv wjwc‡Z and the logo of Bangladesh Bank are within a evsjv‡`k e¨vsK I evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki †jv‡Mv| circle in the middle.

Commemorative Coins and Notes 43 AvBwmwm w ‡ KU wek¦Kv‡ci D‡Øvabx Abyôvb 2011 Opening of the ICC Cricket World Cup 2011

44 ¯§viK gy`ªv I †bvU evsjv‡`k ¯§viK gy`ªv 08 Bangladesh Commemorative Coin 08

Dcj¶: AvBwmwm w ‡ KU wek¦Kvc 2011 Occasion of Issuing: ICC Cricket World Cup 2011

AvBwmwm wek¦Kvc w ‡ KU n‡jv GKw`‡bi AvšÍR©vwZK The ICC Cricket World Cup is the premier w ‡ K‡Ui m‡e©v”P AvšÍR©vwZK cÖwZ‡hvwMZv| 1975 mvj international championship of One Day International cricket. The event held in every forth †_‡K cÖwZ Pvi eQi ci ci GB cÖwZ‡hvwMZv AbywôZ nq| year from 1975. World Cup Cricket 2011 was the wek¦Kvc w ‡ KU 2011 n‡jv `kg wek¦Kvc w ‡ KU hv 10th Cricket World Cup jointly hosted by tri-Asian †hŠ_fv‡e Av‡qvRb K‡i‡Q Gwkqvi wZbwU †`k evsjv‡`k, nations- Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka. fviZ Ges kÖxj¼v| 14wU RvZxq w ‡ KU `j GB Fourteen national cricket teams competed in the cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq AskMÖnY K‡i, hvi g‡a¨ 10wU AvBwmwmi c~Y© tournament, including ten full members and four associate members of ICC. The World Cup took Ges 4wU mn‡hvMx m`m¨| GB wek¦Kvc 2011 mv‡ji 19 place between 19 February and 2 April 2011. It †deª“qvwi †_‡K 2 GwcÖ‡ji gv‡S AbywôZ nq| GwU was Bangladesh's first time co-hosting a World evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ cÖ_g mn-¯^vMwZK †`k wn‡m‡e wek¦Kvc Cup. The Honourable Prime Minister of the w ‡ K‡Ui Av‡qvRb| MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii Peoples Republic of Bangladesh Sheikh Hasina, gvbbxq cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv 2011 mv‡ji 17 †deª“qvwi declared the event open on 17 February 2011 at Bangabandhu National Stadium, Dhaka. On the XvKvi e½eÜz RvZxq †÷wWqv‡g GB Avm‡ii D‡Øvab occasion of the 2011 ICC Cricket World Cup †NvlYv K‡ib| 2011 mv‡ji AvBwmwm w ‡ KU wek¦Kvc Bangladesh Bank issued a commemorative silver Dcj‡¶ evsjv‡`k e¨vsK GKwU i“cvi ¯§viK gy`ªv Rvwi coin. This coin was designed by K.G. Mustafa and K‡i| gy`ªvwU †K. wR. gy¯Ívdvi bKkv Kiv Ges Rvg©vwb‡Z minted in Germany. gyw`ªZ|

AvBwmwm w ‡ KU Iqvì© Kvc 2011 Gi †jv‡Mv Logo of ICC Cricket World Cup 2011

Commemorative Coins and Notes 45 avZz: 925 dvBb wmjfvi, IRb: 30 MÖvg Metal: 925 fine silver, Weight: 30 gm gvÎv: 38.00X38.00X2.66 wgwg Dimension: 38.00X38.00X2.66 mm AwfwnZ g~j¨: 10 UvKv Face value: 10 Taka welqe¯‘ Legend mvg‡bi wcV: wb‡Pi As‡k Bs‡iwR wjwc‡Z AvBwmwm Iqvì© Obverse: ICC World Cup Bangladesh 2011 in Kvc evsjv‡`k 2011, gv‡S AvBwmwm Iqvì© Kv‡ci †jv‡Mv, English in the lower field; image of the ICC World Cup Logo in the middle. The total composition is cy‡iv welqe¯‘ GKwU AjsK…Z e„Ë w`‡q †Niv| enclosed by a decorated circle. wecixZ wcV: Ic‡ii As‡k evsjv wjwc‡Z evsjv‡`k e¨vsK, Reverse: Bangladesh Bank in Bangla in the wb‡Pi w`‡K Bs‡iwR wjwc‡Z evsjv‡`k e¨vsK, Wv‡b Bs‡iwR upper field; BANGLADESH BANK in English in the lower field; the face value 10 TEN TAKA in the right wjwc‡Z AwfwnZ g~j¨ 10 †Ub UvKv, gv‡S w ‡ KU field; the image of the ICC World Cup trophy in wek¦Kv‡ci Uªwd, cy‡iv welqe¯‘ GKwU AjsK…Z e„Ë w`‡q the middle. The total composition is enclosed by a †Niv| decorated circle.

46 ¯§viK gy`ªv I †bvU evsjv‡`k ¯§viK gy`ªv 09 Bangladesh Commemorative Coin 09 th Dcj¶: weR‡qi 40 eQi D`&hvcb 2011 Occasion of Issuing: 40 Anniversary of Victory Day 2011 cvwK¯Ívb †mbvevwnbxi wei“‡× `xN© 9 gvm hy‡×i †k‡l Bangladesh achieved freedom in 16 December 1971 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤^i evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb nq| GB w`bwU 1971 after a liberation war against Pakistani Army for nine months. This day is celebrated as the RvwZi weRq w`em wn‡m‡e cvwjZ nq| GB ¯^vaxbZv hy‡×i Bijoy Dibash (Victory Day) of the nation. The AMÖbvqK wQ‡jb e½eÜz †kL gywRei ingvb| 1971 mv‡ji leading figure behind the liberation war was 25 gvP© cvwK¯Ívb †mbvevwnbxi AvKw¯§K nvgjvi ci 26 Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. He had gvP© 1971 Gi cÖ_g cÖn‡i wZwb evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv declared the independence of Bangladesh in the †NvlYv K‡ib| cvwK¯Ívb †mbvevwnbxi wei“‡× P~ovšÍ weR‡qi early hours of 26 March 1971 prior to the crackdown of Pakistani Army at midnight of 25 AvM ch©šÍ hy× Kivi Rb¨ e½eÜzi Wv‡K evOvwj RvwZi March 1971. The spirit of the Bengali nation soars D‡`¨vg Zz‡½ I‡V| RvwZ AR©b K‡i ¯^vaxbZv| in response of Bangabandhu's call to fight against Pakistan Army until final victory. The nation achieved independence.

e½eÜz KZ…©K mvfv‡i RvZxq ¯§„wZ‡mŠ‡ai wfwËcÖ¯Íi ¯’vcb 16 wW‡m¤^i 197250 Foundation-stone of National Martyrs Memorial, Savar, Laid by Bangabandhu 16 December 197250

2011 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤^i RvwZ weR‡qi 40 eQi D`&hvcb The nation has celebrated the 40th anniversary of K‡i| weR‡qi 40 eQi D`&hvcb‡K ¯§iYxq K‡i ivL‡Z victory in 16 December 2011. Bangladesh Bank issued a silver coin to commemorate the occasion evsjv‡`k e¨vsK GKwU i“cvi ¯§viK gy`ªv Rvwi K‡i| gy`ªvwU of 40th Victory Day. This coin was designed by †K. wR. gy¯Ívdvi bKkv Kiv Ges i‡qj WvP wg›U, K.G. Mustafa and minted in the Royal Dutch Mint, †b`vij¨vÛ †_‡K gyw`ªZ| the Netherlands.

Commemorative Coins and Notes 47 avZy: 999 dvBb wmjfvi, IRb: 25 MÖvg Metal: 999 fine silver, Weight: 25 gm gvÎv: 38.00X38.00X2.56 wgwg Dimension: 38.00X38.00X2.56 mm AwfwnZ g~j¨: 10 UvKv Face value: 10 Taka welqe¯‘ Legend mvg‡bi wcV: Ic‡ii As‡k e„ËvKv‡i Gev‡ii msMÖvg Obverse: Ebarer shongram amader muktir Avgv‡`i gyw³i msMÖvg/Gev‡ii msMÖvg ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg; shongram/ebarer shongram swadhinatar shongram in Bangla in the upper field in a circular way; wb‡Pi As‡k e„ËvKv‡i evsjv I Bs‡iwR wjwc‡Z evsjv‡`k Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in English e¨vsK, I Bs‡iwR wjwc‡Z e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb, evg and BANGLADESH BANK both in Bangla and English w`‡K Bs‡iwR‡Z AwfwnZ g~j¨ 10 †Ub UvKv Ges Rvwii the lower field in a circular way; the face value 10 mgq 2011, gv‡S e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi fvlYiZ TEN TAKA and the year of issue 2011 in the left field; an image of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur cÖwZK…wZ, cy‡iv welqe¯‘ GKwU e„Ë w`‡q †Niv| Rahman in delivering speech in the middle, the total composition is enclosed by a circle. wecixZ wcV: Ic‡ii As‡k e„ËvKv‡i evsjv wjwc‡Z Reverse: Bangladesher 40tamo Vijaya Barshiki in th evsjv‡`‡ki 40Zg weRq evwl©Kx, wb‡Pi As‡k Bs‡iwR Bangla in the upper field; 1971-2011 and 40 wjwc‡Z 1971-2011 I e„ËvKv‡i †dvwU©_ wf±wi Victory Anniversary of Bangladesh in English in the lower field; the image of six armed freedom fighters A¨vwbfvm©vwi Ae evsjv‡`k, gv‡S QqRb mk¯¿ gyw³‡hv×vi in expressing joy for victory in the middle, the total weR‡qvj-vmiZ cÖwZK…wZ, cy‡iv welqe¯‘ GKwU e„Ë w`‡q composition is enclosed by a circle. †Niv|

48 ¯§viK gy`ªv I †bvU weRq w`e‡mi 40Zg evwl©Kx D`&hvcb Dcj‡¶ XvKvq evsjv‡`k wkíKjv GKv‡Wgx‡Z 40,000 †gvgevwZ cÖ¾¡jb 16 wW‡m¤^i 201151 40,000 candles were lighted at Bangladesh Shilpakala Academy, Dhaka in 16 December 2011 to celebrate the 40th anniversary of Victory Day51

Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi 40 eQi ci wewfbœ †¶‡Î j¶Yxq Dbœqb After 40 years of our independence notable development has been achieved in various sectors. AwR©Z n‡q‡Q| RbM‡Yi cÖavb Lv`¨km¨ avb Drcv`‡b Bangladesh has achieved near self-sufficiency in rice evsjv‡`k cÖvq ¯^qsm¤ú~Y©Zv AR©b K‡i‡Q| ˆZwi †cvkvK production, the main food of the people. The wk‡íi Dbœqb Af~Zc~e©| GwU 50 j¶ kªwg‡Ki Kg©ms¯’vb development of the readymade garment industry is K‡i‡Q hvi g‡a¨ 40 j¶B nZ`wi`ª gwnjv| wk¶vq `ª“Z surprising. It employs about 5 million labourers of which around 4 million are poor women. There has my‡hvM-myweav evov‡bvi d‡j mv¶iZvi nvi †e‡o `uvwo‡q‡Q been rapid expansion of educational facilities cÖvq 60% hv gyw³hy‡×i mgq wQj gvÎ 18%| bvix-cyi“‡li resulting in the increase of literacy rate to about 60% Mo Avqy e„w× †c‡q 50 eQ‡ii wb‡P (1970 mv‡j) †_‡K 65 from 18% at the time of liberation war. Average life span for men and women has increased from below eQ‡ii Ic‡i DbœxZ n‡q‡Q| AvšÍR©vwZK xov½‡bI 50 years (in 1970) to 65 plus years. Achievements in evsjv‡`‡ki Zvrch©c~Y© mvdj¨ j¶ Kiv hvq| the fields of international sports are also significant.

hy× †k‡l weR‡qvj-vmiZ mk¯¿ gyw³‡hv×viv52 Armed freedom fighters expressing joy after victory in the battle52 evsjv‡`‡ki w ‡ KU `j GKw`‡bi AvšÍR©vwZK (IAvBwW), Bangladesh cricket team has achieved One Day †U÷ Ges wU-20 w ‡ KU †Ljvi gh©v`v AR©b K‡i‡Q| International (OID), Test and T20 status. Bangladesh evsjv‡`k fviZ I kªxjsKvi mv‡_ †hŠ_fv‡e 2011 mv‡ji co-hosted the 2011 ICC Cricket World Cup along with India and Sri Lanka. Prosperous economic AvBwmwm w ‡ KU wek¦Kvc Av‡qvRb K‡i‡Q| mg„× A_©‰bwZK stability, assured human rights, secured citizen life ¯’vwqZ¡, wbwðZ gvbevwaKvi, wbi“‡ØM †gŠwjK bvMwiK Rxeb can make our Victory Day celebration meaningful. In Avgv‡ì weRq wèm D`&hvcb A_©en Ki‡Z cv‡i| weMZ mvZ the last seven years, Bangladesh achieved GDP eQ‡i, evsjv‡`k Kg †ewk 6% wRwWwc cÖe„w× AR©b K‡i‡Q| growth rate more or less at 6%. All indicators suggest that Bangladesh will be a middle income G-mKj m~PK Bw½Z K‡i †h 2021 mv‡ji g‡a¨ evsjv‡`k country by 2021. Hope we will celebrate a more GKwU gaëZ©x Av‡qi †`‡k cwiYZ n‡e| Avkv Kiv hvq meaningful Victory Day soon. The nation has Avgiv kxNªB AviI A_©en weRq wèm cvjb Kie| 2011 celebrated the 40th anniversary of victory in 16 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤î RvwZ weR‡qi 40 eQi D`&hvcb K‡i| December 2011. Bangladesh Bank issued a note th weR‡qi 40 eQi D`&hvcb‡K ¯§iYxq K‡i ivL‡Z evsjv‡`k to commemorate the occasion of 40 Victory Day. e¨vsK GKwU ¯§viK †bvU Rvwi K‡i| GB ¯§viK †bvUwUi This commemorative note was designed by K.G. Mustafa. And it was printed in The Security Printing bKkv K‡ib †K. wR. gy¯Ívdv| Avi Qvcv nq MvRxcyi¯’ w` Corporation Bangladesh Limited, Gazipur. wmwKDwiwU wcÖw›Us K‡c©v‡ikb evsjv‡`k wjwg‡U‡W|

50 ¯§viK gy`ªv I †bvU Dcv`vb: KvMR, cÖvavb¨ we¯ÍviKvix is: jvj Material: Paper, Predominant Colour: Red, cwigvc: 124X60 wgwg Size: 124X60 mm AwfwnZ g~j¨: 40 UvKv, wcÖwd·: `ywU evsjv eY© m b Face Value: 40 Taka, Prefix: Double Bangla alphabet Sh Na wgK bs: 0391839 Serial No. 0391839 welqe¯‘ Legend RjQvc: e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb, evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki Watermark: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur †jv‡Mv I 10| Rahman, Logo of Bangladesh Bank and 10. wbivcËv myZv: mvg‡bi w`K †_‡K †`L‡j, myZv KvM‡Ri Security Thread: Thread appears to weave in wfZ‡i I evB‡i †XD Gi g‡Zv †`Lvq| myZv‡Z and out of the paper when viewed from front side. Microprint 10 in Bangla is visible on the thread. gvB‡ vwcÖ‡›U evsjvq 10 †`Lv hvq| mvg‡bi wcV: evg w`‡K RvwZi wcZv e½eÜz †kL gywReyi Front: An right-faced image of the Father of the ingv‡bi WvbgyLx fvlYiZ cÖwZK…wZ I Wvb w`‡K mvfvi¯’ Nation Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in delivering speech at the left side and the National RvZxq ¯§„wZ †mŠ‡ai cÖwZK…wZ| Martyr's Monument at Savar at the right side. ¯^v¶i`vZv: AvwZDi ingvb (Mfb©i, evsjv‡`k e¨vsK) Signatory: Atiur Rahman (Governor of Bangladesh Bank) wecixZ wcV: Qq Rb mk¯¿ gyw³‡hv×vi weR‡qvj-vmiZ Back: Image of six armed freedom fighters in cÖwZK…wZ I evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki †jv‡Mv| expressing joy for victory and Logo of Bangladesh Bank.

Commemorative Coins and Notes 51 evsjv‡`k ¯§viK gy`ªv 10 Bangladesh Commemorative Coin 10 th Dcj¶: iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii 150Zg Occasion: 150 Birth Anniversary of Rb¥evwl©Kx 2011 Rabindranath Tagore 2011 evsjv mvwnZ¨ I msMx‡Zi Rabindranath Tagore (7 wKse`šÍx cyi“l iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi May 1861-7 August 1941), the most prominent (7 †g 1861-7 AvM÷ 1941) celebrity in Bengali fvi‡Zi KjKvZvi †Rvovmuv‡Kvi literature and music was VvKzi evwo‡Z Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| born at Jorasanko Thakur 1913 mv‡j MxZvÄjx Kve¨MÖ‡š’i Bari, Kolkata, India. He was the first non-European to Rb¨ wZwb cÖ_g A-BD‡ivcxq win the Nobel Prize in wn‡m‡e mvwn‡Z¨ †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi Literature in 1913 for cvb| evsjvi †i‡bmuvi GKRb Gitanjali. As a promoter of cÖeZ©K wn‡m‡e wPÎKg©, kZvwaK the Bengal Renaissance, he advanced a vast canon MÖš’, Ges `yB nvRv‡ii †ewk Mvb that comprised paintings, iPbvi gva¨‡g wZwb eo ai‡bi sketches, hundreds of AMÖMwZ mvab K‡i‡Qb| texts, and more over two evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq msMxZ ZuviB thousand songs. He wrote †jLv| Zuvi cÖwZwôZ wek¦fviZx the national anthem of Bangladesh. His legacy wek¦we`¨vj‡qi gva¨‡gI wZwb Agi endures also in the n‡q Av‡Qb| wZwb cÖKv‡k¨ e„wUk institution he founded, the kvm‡bi wb›`v K‡iwQ‡jb Ges Visva-Bharati University. He denounced the British weª‡Ub †_‡K ¯^vaxb nIqvi ¯^c‡¶ 53 iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi Raj and advocated gZ w`‡qwQ‡jb| iex›`ªbv_ evevi Rabindranath Tagore53 independence from Britain. Rwg`vix †`Lv‡kvbvi Rb¨ Rabindranath travelled evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ RvqMv †hgb kvnvRv`cyi, cZxk¦i, throughout Ban-gladesh, going to places such as KvwjMÖvg Ges wkjvB`n ågY K‡i‡Qb| evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl Shahzadpur, Patisar, Kaligram as well as Shelidah, to manage his father's estates. The Ges cÖK…wZ Zuvi ZLbKvi †jLv KweZvq Mfxifv‡e Rwo‡q people and the landscape of Bangladesh are Av‡Q| 7 †g 2011 wQj iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii 150Zg closely linked to the poems he wrote then. 7 May Rb¥evwl©Kx| evsjv‡`k e¨vsK G-Dcj‡¶ GKwU i“cvi 2011 was the 150th birth anniversary of ¯§viK gy`ªv Rvwi K‡i| gy`ªvwU †K. wR. gy¯Ívdvi bKkv Kiv Rabindranath Tagore. Bangladesh Bank issued a Ges e¨v‡Wb-Iqvi‡UgevM© UvKkvj, Rvg©vwb †_‡K gyw`ªZ| silver commemorative coin on this occasion. This coin was designed by K.G. Mustafa and minted in Baden-Wuerttemberg Mint, Germany.

52 ¯§viK gy`ªv I †bvU avZy: 925 dvBb wmjfvi, IRb: 22.10 MÖvg Metal: 925 fine silver, Weight: 22.10 gm gvÎv: 38.00X38.00X2.36 wgwg Dimension: 38.00X38.00X2.36 mm AwfwnZ g~j¨: 10 UvKv Face value: 10 Taka welqe¯‘ Legend mvg‡bi wcV: Ic‡ii As‡k e„ËvKv‡i evsjv wjwc‡Z Obverse: Rabindranath Thakurer shardhoshato iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii mva©©kZ Rb¥evwl©Kx - 2011, wb‡Pi As‡k janmobarshiki - 2011 in Bangla in the upper field in a circular way and 150th Birth Anniversary of e„ËvKv‡i Bs‡iwR wjwc‡Z Iqvb nvb‡WªW A¨vÛ wddwU_ ev_© Rabindranath Tagore 2011 in English in the lower A¨vwbfvm©vwi Ae iex›`ªbv_ †UMi - 2011, evg w`‡K field in a circular way; the face value 10 TEN TAKA AwfwnZ g~j¨ 10 †Ub UvKv Ges gv‡S iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii in the left field; a right-facing image of Poet WvbgyLx cÖwZK…wZ| cy‡iv welqe¯‘ GKwU e„Ë w`‡q †Niv| Rabindranath Tagore in the middle. The total composition is enclosed by a circle. wecixZ wcV: Ic‡ii As‡k e„ËvKv‡i evsjv wjwc‡Z Reverse: Bangladesh Bank in Bangla in the upper evsjv‡`k e¨vsK, wb‡Pi As‡k e„ËvKv‡i Bs‡iwR wjwc‡Z field in a circular way; BANGLADESH BANK in English in the lower field in a circular way; he nuton,/ evsjv‡`k e¨vsK, gv‡S evsjv wjwc‡Z iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii dhekha dik ar-bar/jonmer prothom shuvokkhan\ KweZvi wZbwU jvBb †n b~Zb, / †`Lv w`K Avi-evi/ R‡b¥i depicted in three lines in Bangla and signature of cÖ_g ïf¶Y\ I Zuvi ¯^v¶i| cy‡iv welqe¯‘ `ywU mgvšÍivj Poet Rabindranath Tagore in the middle. The total e„Ë w`‡q †Niv, bK&kvq hv‡`i GKwU mvaviY I Ab¨wU composition is enclosed by two parallal circles, AjsK…Z e„Ë| one is general and another is decorated in design.

2011 mv‡j Ôwe‡`ªvnxÕ KweZvi 90 In 2011 a commemorative eQi c~wZ© Dcj‡¶ evsjv‡`k coin has been issued by the Bangladesh Bank on the e¨vsK GKwU ¯§viK gy`ªv Rvwi occasion of 90 years of the K‡i| GB weL¨vZ KweZvwU poem 'Bidrohi'. The famous evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq Kwe KvRx poem was written by Kazi bRi“j Bmjv‡gi (25 †g 1899 - Nazrul Islam (25 May 1899- 29 August 1976), the 29 AvM÷ 1976) †jLv| national poet of bRi“‡ji †jLvq dz‡U I‡V Bangladesh. Nazrul's fv‡jvevmv, ¯^vaxbZv I we‡`ªvn| writings explore love, wZwb ag©xq Ges wj½wfwËK freedom, and revolution. He opposed all bigotry, ˆelg¨mn mKj ai‡bi †Muvovwgi including religious and we‡ivwaZv K‡iwQ‡jb| 1922 mv‡j gender. He reached the weRjx cwÎKvq Zuvi Ôwe‡`ªvnxÕ peak of fame with the KweZv cÖKvwkZ nIqvi ci wZwb publication of 'Bidrohi' in Bijli (Thunder) magazine in L¨vwZi Pig wkL‡i †cuŠQvb| e„wUk 1922. The rebellious kvm‡bi wei“‡× RbM‡Yi cÖ_g language and theme of the RvZxqZvev`x Awfhvb, Amn‡hvM poem was popularly Av‡›`vj‡b Zuvi we‡`ªvnx fvlv Ges received, coinciding with the Non-cooperation 54 KweZvi welq RbwcÖqZv †c‡qwQj| KvRx bRi“j Bmjvg 1926 Movement in the first, mass 54 Zuvi KweZv Ges RvZxqZvev`x Kazi Nazrul Islam in 1926 nationalist campaign of civil Kg©KvÊ Zuv‡K RbwcÖq Ôwe‡`ªvnx disobedience against the KweÕ Dcvwa‡Z f~wlZ K‡i| †h †Kv‡bv ai‡bi MYAv‡›`vj‡b British rule. His poetry and nationalist activism earned him the popular title of Bidrohi Kobi (Rebel Zuvi †jLv Avkvi Av‡jv †RvMvq| GB ¯§viK gy`ªvwU †K. wR. Poet). His writings always show the light in any gy¯Ívdvi bKkv Kiv Ges i‡qj WvP wg›U, †b`vij¨vÛ †_‡K mass-movement. This commemorative coin was gyw`ªZ| designed by K.G. Mustafa and minted in Royal Dutch Mint, the Netherlands.

54 ¯§viK gy`ªv I †bvU avZy: 999 dvBb wmjfvi, IRb: 25 MÖvg Metal: 999 fine silver, Weight: 25 gm gvÎv: 38.00X38.00X2.57 wgwg Dimension: 38.02X38.02X2.57 mm AwfwnZ g~j¨: 10 UvKv Face value: 10 Taka welqe¯‘ Legend mvg‡bi wcV: Ic‡ii As‡k e„ËvKv‡i evsjv wjwc‡Z Obverse: 'Bidrohi' kabitar 90 bachor in Bangla in Ôwe‡`ªvnxÕ KweZvi 90 eQi, wb‡Pi As‡k e„ËvKv‡i Bs‡iwR the upper field in a circular way; Poet Kazi Nazrul Islam and 90 Years of the Poem 'BIDROHI' 1921- wjwc‡Z c‡qU KvRx bRi“j Bmjvg I bvBbwU Bqvim Ae 2011 in English in the lower field in a circular way; `¨v †cv‡qg Ôwe‡`ªvnxÕ 1921-2011, evg w`‡K AwfwnZ g~j¨ the face value 10 TEN TAKA in the left field; an 10 †Ub UvKv Ges gv‡S KvRx bRi“j Bmjv‡gi cÖwZK…wZ| image of Poet Kazi Nazrul Islam in the middle. cy‡iv welqe¯‘ GKwU e„Ë w`‡q †Niv| The total composition is enclosed by a circle. wecixZ wcV: Ic‡ii As‡k e„ËvKv‡i evsjv wjwc‡Z Reverse: Bangladesh Bank in Bangla in the evsjv‡`k e¨vsK, wb‡Pi As‡k Bs‡iwR wjwc‡Z 2011 I upper field; the year of issue 2011 and BANGLADESH BANK in English in the lower field in a e„ËvKv‡i evsjv‡`k e¨vsK, gv‡S evsjv wjwc‡Z KvRx circular way; 'balo vheer-/ balo unnata mamo bRi“j Bmjv‡gi we‡`ªvnx KweZvi PviwU jvBb ej exi-/ shir!/ shir nehari' amari,/ natoshir oi shikhor ej DbœZ gg wki!/wki †bnvwiÕ Avgvwi,/bZwki IB wkLi hemadrir!' depicted in four lines in Bangla and wngvw`ªi! I Zuvi ¯^v¶i| cy‡iv welqe¯‘ GKwU e„Ë w`‡q signature of Poet Kazi Nazrul Islam in the middle. †Niv| The total composition is enclosed by a circle.

Commemorative Coins and Notes 55 cyivZb Kjvfe‡bi mvg‡b HwZnvwmK mgv‡e‡ki Askwe‡kl 21 †deª“qvwi 195255 Part of the historic meeting in front of Old Arts Faculty Building 21 February 195255

1947 G cvwK¯Ívb R‡b¥i ci †_‡KB D`©y‡K ivóªfvlv Kivi After the birth of Pakistan in 1947, the dire conspiracy for making Urdu as the state language continued. On 21 fqven P všÍ Pj‡Z _v‡K| 1948 Gi 21 gvP© cvwK¯Ív‡bi March 1948, Mohammed Ali Jinnah, the Governor Mfb©i †Rbv‡ij gynv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn †NvlYv K‡ib D`y©B n‡e General of Pakistan, declared that Urdu would be the c~e© I cwðg Dfq cvwK¯Ív‡bi GKgvÎ `vßwiK fvlv| c~e© only official language for both West and East Pakistan. cvwK¯Ív‡bi msL¨vMwiô RbZvi fvlv wn‡m‡e evsjv c~e© As the language of the majority of people of East cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóªfvlv nIqv DwPZ| QvÎ mgvR evsjv‡K ivóªfvlv Pakistan, Bangla should be the state language of East Pakistan. The students expressed their firm Kivi Rb¨ `„p cÖwZÁ nq| 1952 mv‡j 21 †deª“qvwi cÖv‡`wkK determination to make Bangla as the state language. cwil‡`i Awa‡ekb‡K mvg‡b †i‡L mgMÖ †`‡k evsjv‡K The movement to establish Bangla as the state ivóªfvlv Kivi Av‡›`vjb `vbv euva‡Z _v‡K| G-w`b cywjk language was becoming intensive with the Provincial QvÎ-RbZvi cÖwZev‡` wgwQ‡j ¸wj el©Y K‡i, K‡qKRb wbnZ Parliamentary Assembly of 21 February of 1952 in nb| Zuv‡`i g‡a¨ cuvP Rb n‡jb mvjvg, iwdK, eiKZ, ReŸvi focus. The police fired on the students and people protests and a number of people were killed. Five of Ges mwdDi| them were Salam, Rafiq, Barkat, Jabbar and Shafiur.

†K›`ªxq knx` wgbv‡i fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi knx`‡ì cÖwZ kÖ×v wb‡e`b Tribute to the martyrs of the Language Movement at the Central Shaheed Minar cvwK¯Ívwb kvmK‡Mvôx evsjv‡K Ab¨Zg ivóªfvlvi gh©v`v w`‡Z The Pakistani rulers were compelled to dignify Bangla eva¨ nq| BD‡b‡¯‹v 1999 mv‡ji 17 b‡f¤î GB w`b‡K as one of the main state language of Pakistan. AvšÍR©vwZK gvZ…fvlv wèm wn‡m‡e †NvlYv K‡i| ZvB 21 UNESCO has already announced the day as the International Mother Language Day in 17 November †deª“qvwi evsjv‡`wk RbM‡Yi Rb¨ Mfxi Zvrc‡h©i, Drm‡M©i 1999. Thus, 21 February is a day of great significance, Ges AR©‡bi| cÖwZeQi evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl 21 †deª“qvwi evsjv sacrifice and achievement for the Bangladeshi people. fvlv Av‡›`vjb wèm wn‡m‡e D`&hvcb K‡i Ges gnvb exi‡ì Every year, Bangladeshi people celebrate 21 February m¤§vb Rvbvq huviv gvZ…fvlv evsjvi Rb¨ 1952 mv‡ji 21 as the Bangla Language Movement Day, and pays respect to those great heroes who sacrificed their lives †deª“qvwi Rxeb DrmM© K‡i‡Qb| 2012 mv‡j evsjv fvlv for their mother tongue, Bangla on 21 February, 1952. Av‡›`vjb wè‡mi 60Zg evwl©Kx D`&hvwcZ n‡q‡Q| In 2012 Bangladesh has celebrated the 60th anniversary of Bangla Language Movement Day.

Commemorative Coins and Notes 57 G-Dcj¶‡K ¯§iYxq K‡i ivL‡Z evsjv‡`k e¨vsK 2012 mv‡j To commemorate this occasion Bangladesh Bank GKwU ¯§viK †bvU Rvwi K‡i‡Q| †bvUwUi bKkv K‡ib wkíx issued a commemorative note in 2012. This note was designed by Artist Mostafa Monwar and K.G. Mustafa. †gv¯Ídv g‡bvqvi I †K. wR. gy¯Ívdv| Avi Qvcv nq MvRxcyi¯’ And it was printed in The Security Printing Corporation w` wmwKDwiwU wcÖw›Us K‡c©v‡ikb evsjv‡`k wjwg‡U‡W| Bangladesh Limited, Gazipur.

Dcv`vb: KvMR, cÖvavb¨ we¯ÍviKvix is: †Mvjvcx, Material: Paper, Predominant Colour: Pink, cwigvc: 130X60 wgwg Size: 130X60 mm AwfwnZ g~j¨: 60 UvKv, wcÖwd·: `ywU evsjv eY© m b Face Value: 60 Taka, Prefix: Double Bangla wgK bs: 0769981 alphabet Sh Na, Serial No. 0769981 welqe¯‘ Legend RjQvc: e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb, evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki Watermark: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, †jv‡Mv I 50| Logo of Bangladesh Bank and 50. wbivcËv myZv: mvg‡bi w`K †_‡K †`L‡j, myZv KvM‡Ri Security Thread: Thread appears to weave in and wfZ‡i I evB‡i †XD Gi g‡Zv †`Lvq| myZv‡Z out of the paper when viewed from front side. gvB‡ vwcÖ‡›U evsjvq 50 †`Lv hvq| Microprint 50 in Bangla is visible on the front side. mvg‡bi wcV: fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi XvKv¯’ †K›`ªxq knx` Front: Image of the Central Shaheed Minar (Martyrs' wgbv‡ii cÖwZK…wZ| monument) of the Language Movement in Dhaka.

¯^v¶i`vZv: AvwZDi ingvb (Mfb©i, evsjv‡`k e¨vsK) Signatory: Atiur Rahman (Governor of Bangladesh Bank) wecixZ wcV: wkgy‡ji GKwU dz‡jj Wvj, evsjv wjwc‡Z Back: A flowering branch of Shimul; images of five bvgmn cuvP fvlv knx`: knx` mvjvg, knx` iwdK, knx` Martyrs of Language Movement (Vasha Shaheed) with their names Shaheed Salam, Shaheed Rafiq, eiKZ, knx` ReŸvi, I knx` mwdDi Gi cÖwZK…wZ, 1952 Shaheed Barkat, Shaheed Jabbar and Shaheed Gi cÖ_g knx` wgbv‡ii cÖwZK…wZ I evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki Shafiur in Bangla, the image of first Shaheed Minar †jv‡Mv| of 1952, and logo of Bangladesh Bank.

58 ¯§viK gy`ªv I †bvU Dcmsnvi Conclusion mgMÖ c„w_ex‡ZB wewfbœ Dcj‡¶ ¯§viK gy`ªv I †bvU Rvwi Issuing commemorative coins and notes in †ek RbwcÖq| G-mKj gy`ªv I †bvU cÖavbZ msMÖvnK‡ì various occasions are much popular all over the world. These coins and notes are mainly admired mvgMÖx wn‡m‡eB mgv`„Z| evsjv‡`k e¨vsK G-ch©šÍ gvÎ as collectors' item. Bangladesh Bank has issued 11wU ¯§viK gy`ªv I 2wU †bvU Rvwi K‡i‡Q| eZ©gv‡b †`‡k only eleven coins and two notes till now. At we‡`‡k G-mKj mvgMÖxi †ek Pvwn`v i‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡k present these items have a good demand in home msMÖvnK‡ì msL¨v †ek fvj| B‡Zvg‡a¨ evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki and abroad. There are a good number of †ekwKQz ¯§viK gy`ªv I e¨vsK‡bv‡Ui we q m¤úbœ n‡q‡Q| collectors in Bangladesh. Already several commemorative coins and notes of Bangladesh evsjv‡`k mvs¯‹…wZK I cÖvK…wZK HwZ‡n¨ mg„×| Gi Bank are sold out. Bangladesh is rich in cultural mvs¯‹…wZK HwZ‡nï g‡a¨ cvnvocy‡ii †eŠ× wenvi, and natural heritages. Among her cultural ev‡Minv‡Ui HwZnvwmK gmwR` kni ev‡MinvU, e¸ovi heritages Buddhist Vihara at Paharpur, Historic gnv¯’vbMo, Dqvix-e‡Uk¦i cÖZœZvwË¡K †¶Î, gqbvgwZi Mosque City of Bagerhat, Mahasthangarh at cÖZœZvwË¡K †mŠagvjv, w`bvRcy‡ii KvšÍRx gw›ì, bevbœ Bogra, Wari-Bateshwar archaeological site, Mainamati group of archaeological monuments, Drme, weRy Drme, jvjb msMxZ, Agi GKz‡k eB‡gjv Kantajee temple at Dinajpur, Nabanna Utsav, Biju c‡njv êkvL cÖf…wZ we‡k¦ Abb¨| my›ìeb, K·evRvi mgy`ª Utsav, Lalon song, Ekushey Book Fair, Bengali ˆmKZ, Uv½yqvi nvIo, KvßvB †jK cÖf…wZ †`‡ki weL¨vZ New Year/ Pohela Boishakh etc. are unique in the cÖvK…wZK HwZn¨ †¶Î| ¯§viK gy`ªv I †bvU Avgv‡ì G- world context. The Sundarbans, Cox's Bazar seashore, Tanguar Lake, Kaptai Lake etc. are the mKj HwZn¨‡K wek¦ ìev‡i cwiwPZ Kiv‡Z ¸i“Z¡c~Y© famous natural heritages of the country. f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i| Avgiv Avkv Kwi evsjv‡`k Commemorative coins and notes can be played e¨vsK GB welq¸‡jv we‡ePbv Ki‡e Ges fwel¨‡Z AviI an important role to introduce our heritage to the ¯§viK gy`ªv I †bvU Rvwii D‡`¨vM MÖnY Ki‡e| world community. We hope Bangladesh Bank will consider these themes and take initiatives to issue more commemorative coins and notes in future.

Commemorative Coins and Notes 59 Z_¨m~Î References

1. BjvW RO, Iqvì© K‡qb GbmvB‡K¬v‡cwWqv, (wbwjqvg 1. Ewald Junge, World Coin Encyclopedia, (Nilliam Marrow and Company INC., New York, gvi‡iv A¨vÛ †Kv¤úvbx AvBGbwm., wbD BqK©, 1984), 1984), 71. 71| 2. WªvK&gv n‡jv cÖvPxb I AvaywbK Dfq MÖx‡miB gy`ªvi 2. Drachm was the monetary unit of both ancient GKK| †WKv-WªvK&gv n‡jv 10-WªvK&gv| †`Lyb, BjvW RO, and modern Greece. See, Deca-drachms mean the denomination of 10-drachms. Ewald Junge, Iqvì© K‡qb GbmvB‡K¬v‡cwWqv, (wbwjqvg gvi‡iv A¨vÛ World Coin Encyclopedia, (Nilliam Marrow and †Kv¤úvbx AvBGbwm., wbD BqK©, 1984), 82, 90| Company INC., New York, 1984), 82, 90. 3. mvBivwKDm n‡jv wmwmwji GK HwZnvwmK kni| 3. Syracuse was a historic city in Sicily. This 2700-eQ‡ii cy‡iv‡bv GB kni cÖvPxbKv‡j cÖavb f~wgKv 2700-year-old city played key role in ancient times, when it was one of the major powers of cvjb KiZ hLb GwU f~ga¨mvMixq AÂ‡ji Ab¨Zg kw³ the Mediterranean world. wQj| 4. BjvW RO, Iqvì© K‡qb GbmvB‡K¬v‡cwWqv, (wbwjqvg 4. Ewald Junge, World Coin Encyclopedia, gvi‡iv A¨vÛ †Kv¤úvbx AvBGbwm., wbD BqK©, 1984), 82| (Nilliam Marrow and Company INC., New York, 1984), 82. 5. wcGj ¸ß, K‡qbm, (wbD w`j-x, b¨vkbvj eyK Uªv÷, 5. PL Gupta, Coins, (New Delhi, National Book rd 1969, Z…Zxq ms¯‹iY 1991), 17| Trust, 1969, 3 edition in 1991), 17.

6. wcGj ¸ß, K‡qbm, (wbD w`j-x, b¨vkbvj eyK Uªv÷, 6. PL Gupta, Coins, (New Delhi, National Book 1969, Z…Zxq ms¯‹iY 1991), 191| Trust, 1969, 3rd edition in 1991), 191.

7. wcGj ¸ß, K‡qbm, (wbD w`j-x, b¨vkbvj eyK Uªv÷, 7. PL Gupta, Coins, (New Delhi, National Book 1969, Z…Zxq ms¯‹iY 1991), 19| Trust, 1969, 3rd edition in 1991), 19. 8. Av‡jvKwP‡Îi Drm: weªwUk wgDwRqvg, www. 8. Source of photograph: British Museum, britishmuseum.org, CM BMC Syracuse 201. [22 www.britishmuseum.org, CM BMC Syracuse 201. [Accessed in 22 September 2012] †m‡Þ¤î 2012 Zvwi‡L †`Lv] 9. Av‡jvKwP‡Îi Drm: weªwUk wgDwRqvg, 9. Source of photograph: British Museum. www.britishmuseum.org, CM 1926-4-2-1 (PCG IV.A.4), www.britishmuseum.org, CM 1926-4-2-1 (PCG IV.A.4), AN0. [Accessed in 22 September 2012] AN0. [22 †m‡Þ¤î 2012 Zvwi‡L †`Lv] 10. Av‡jvKwP‡Îi Drm: ttp://upload.wikimedia.org/ 10. Source of photograph: http://upload. wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Denarius-Lucius_ wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/D enarius-Lucius_Verus-Arenia-s1537.jpg/250px- Verus-Arenia-s1537.jpg/250px-Denarius-Lucius_Verus Denarius-Lucius_Verus-Arenia-s1537.jpg. -Arenia-s1537.jpg. [22 †m‡Þ¤î 2012 Zvwi‡L †`Lv] [Accessed in 22 September 2012]

11. ttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/ 11. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ thumb/a/a5/Denarius-Lucius_Verus-Arenia- commons/thumb/a/a5/Denarius-Lucius_Verus- Arenia-s1537.jpg/250px-Denarius-Lucius s1537.jpg/250px-Denarius-Lucius_Verus-Arenia- _Verus-Arenia-s1537.jpg. [Accessed in 22 s1537.jpg. [22 †m‡Þ¤^i 2012 Zvwi‡L †`Lv] September 2012]

60 ¯§viK gy`ªv I †bvU 12. A¨vjvb g‡b K‡ib GB gy`ªv mgy`ª¸ß Rvwi K‡ib| 12. Allan believes that this coin was issued by †`Lyb, Rb A¨vjvb, K¨vUvjM Ae K‡qbm Ae `¨v ¸ßv Samudragupta. See, John Allan, Catalogue of the Coins of the Gupta Dynasties and of WvB‡bw÷ A¨vÛ Ae kkv¼, wKs Ae †MŠov, (jÛb, weªwUk Sasanka, King of Gauda, (London, The British wgDwRqvg, 1914, cÖ_g fviZxq ms¯‹iY, Iwi‡q›Uvj eyKm Museum, 1914, 1st Indian Edition by Oriental wiwcÖ›U K‡c©v‡ikb, wbD w`j-x, 1975), lxviii| Avi wcGj Books Reprint Corporation, New Delhi in 1975), ¸ß g‡b K‡ib GB gy`ªv cÖ_g Kzgvi¸ß Rvwi K‡ib| †`Lyb, lxviii. PL Gupta thinks that Chandragupta I issued this coin. See, PL Gupta, Coins, (New wcGj ¸ß, K‡qbm, (wbD w`j-x, b¨vkbvj eyK Uªv÷, 1969, rd XIII, Delhi, National Book Trust, 1969, 3 edition in Z…Zxq ms¯‹iY 1991), 53, 199, †c-U gy`ªv bs 136| 1991), 53, 199 Plate XIII, coin no. 136. AS GGm Avj‡ZKviI wcGj ¸ßi g‡Zv GKB gZvgZ †cvlY Altekar shows same opinion as PL Gupta. See, K‡ib| †`Lyb, GGm Avj‡ZKvi, `¨v K‡q‡bR Ae `¨v ¸ßv AS Altekar, The Coinage of the Gupta Empire, G‡¤úwiqi, (evivbmx, `¨v wbDwgRg¨vwUK †mvmvBwU Ae (Baranashi, The Numismatic Society of India, BwÛqv, 1957), 28-30| 1957), 28-30.

13. Rb A¨vjvb, K¨vUvjM Ae K‡qbm Ae `¨v ¸ßv 13. John Allan, Catalogue of the Coins of the WvB‡bw÷ A¨vÛ Ae kkv¼, wKs Ae †MŠov, (jÛb, weªwUk Gupta Dynasties and of Sasanka, King of st wgDwRqvg, 1914, cÖ_g fviZxq ms¯‹iY Iwi‡q›Uvj eyKm Gauda, (London, The British Museum, 1914, 1 wiwcÖ›U K‡c©v‡ikb, wbD w`j-x, 1975), lxviii| Indian Edition by Oriental Books Reprint Corporation, New Delhi in 1975), lxviii. 14. Av‡jvKwP‡Îi Drm: b¨vkbvj wgDwRqvg, w`j-x, msMÖn 14. Source of Photograph: National Museum, bs 51.77/1| Delhi, Acc. No. 51.77/1.

15. Rb A¨vjvb, K¨vUvjM Ae K‡qbm Ae `¨v ¸ßv 15. John Allan, Catalogue of the Coins of the WvB‡bw÷ A¨vÛ Ae kkv¼, wKs Ae †MŠov, (jÛb, weªwUk Gupta Dynasties and of Sasanka, King of Gauda, (London, The British Museum, 1914, 1st wgDwRqvg, 1914, cÖ_g fviZxq ms¯‹iY Iwi‡q›Uvj eyKm Indian Edition by Oriental Books Reprint wiwcÖ›U K‡c©v‡ikb, wbD w`j-x, 1975), lxviii| Corporation, New Delhi in 1975), lxviii. 16. Gg. nvi“byi iwk`, Ô`¨v gqbvgwZ †Mvì K‡qbmÕ, 16. M. Harunur Rashid, 'The Mainamati Gold evsjv‡`k jwjZ Kjv, LÐ 1, bs 1, (1975), 47-48, Coins', Bangladesh Lalit Kala vol. 1, No. 1, (1975), 47-48, Pl. XXIII-1. Av‡jvKwPÎ XXIII-1| 17. Av‡jvKwP‡Îi Drm: eyjeyj Avn‡g`, WKz‡g‡›Ukb Ae 17. Source of Photograph: Bulbul Ahmed, ¸ß K‡qbm dvDÛ Bb evsjv‡`k, GKwU M‡elYv cÖKí, Documentation of Gupta Coins found in Bangladesh, a research project submitted in the Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Kjv I gvbweKx Abyl‡` Rgv Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Jahangirnagar †`Iqv n‡q‡Q, 2009-2010| †mŠR‡b¨, cÖZœZË¡ Awa`ßi, University, Savar, Dhaka, 2009-2010, evsjv‡`k miKvi, cyivKxwZ© bs 1480, 1964-65, Courtesy, Department of Archaeology, ms‡hvRb bs we/G/wm/08.2001| Government of Bangladesh, Antiquity No. 1480 of 1964-65, Acc. No. BA/C/08.2001.

18. Rb A¨vjvb, K¨vUvjM Ae K‡qbm Ae `¨v ¸ßv 18. John Allan, Catalogue of the Coins of the Gupta Dynasties and of Sasanka, King of WvB‡bw÷ A¨vÛ Ae kkv¼, wKs Ae †MŠov, (jÛb, weªwUk Gauda, (London, The British Museum, 1914, 1st wgDwRqvg, 1914, cÖ_g fviZxq ms¯‹iY Iwi‡q›Uvj eyKm Indian Edition by Oriental Books Reprint wiwcÖ›U K‡c©v‡ikb, wbD w`j-x, 1975), lxvii| Corporation, New Delhi in 1975), lxxvii. 19. John Allan, Catalogue of the Coins of the 19. Rb A¨vjvb, K¨vUvjM Ae K‡qbm Ae `¨v ¸ßv Gupta Dynasties and of Sasanka, King of WvB‡bw÷ A¨vÛ Ae kkv¼, wKs Ae †MŠov, (jÛb, weªwUk Gauda, (London, The British Museum, 1914, 1st wgDwRqvg, 1914, cÖ_g fviZxq ms¯‹iY Iwi‡q›Uvj eyKm Indian Edition by Oriental Books Reprint wiwcÖ›U K‡c©v‡ikb, wbD w`j-x, 1975), lxvi| Corporation, New Delhi in 1975), lxxvi.

Commemorative Coins and Notes 61 20. Rb A¨vjvb, K¨vUvjM Ae K‡qbm Ae `¨v ¸ßv 20. John Allan, Catalogue of the Coins of the WvB‡bw÷ A¨vÛ Ae kkv¼, wKs Ae †MŠov, (jÛb, weªwUk Gupta Dynasties and of Sasanka, King of Gauda, (London, The British Museum, 1914, 1st wgDwRqvg, 1914, cÖ_g fviZxq ms¯‹iY Iwi‡q›Uvj eyKm Indian Edition by Oriental Books Reprint wiwcÖ›U K‡c©v‡ikb, wbD w`j-x, 1975), lxvi| Corporation, New Delhi in 1975), lxxvi 21. cÖK…Zc‡¶ BLwZqvi-D`&-`xb Ô†MŠo-weRqÕ gy`ªv Zuvi 21. Actually Ikhtiyer-ud-din Muhammmad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji issued these coins on behalf of cÖfz w`j-xi myjZvb gywqR-D`&-`xb Avey gynv¤§` web mv‡gi his master Muiz-ud-din-duniawa al-din Abu c‡¶ Rvwi K‡iwQ‡jb| Muzaffar Muhammad bin Sam, Sultan of Delhi. 22. ÷¨vb †Mvivb I †Rwc †Mv‡q¼v, `¨v K‡qbm& Ae `¨v 22. Stan Goran and JP Goenka, The Coins of BwÛqvb mvjZvbvZm: Kfvwis `¨v Gwiqv Ae †cÖ‡R›U-†W the Indian Sultanates: Covering the Area of Present-Day India, Pakistan And Bangladesh, BwÛqv, cvwK¯Ívb A¨vÛ evsjv‡`k, (gywÝivg g‡bvnijvj (Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd, cvewjkvm© cÖv. wj., wbD w`j-x, 2001), 146| New Delhi, 2001), 146. 23. Source of photograph: Noorul Islam 23. Av‡jvKwP‡Îi Drm: byi“j Bmjvg msMÖn, XvKv| Collection, Dhaka.

24. AvMÖv, Avn‡g`vev`, Avwmi, eyinvbcyi, w`j-x, d‡Zcyi, 24. Agra, Ahamedabad, Asir, Burhanpur, Delhi, Fathpur, Hajipur, Jaunpur, Kashmir, Kabul, nvRxcyi, ˆRbcyi, Kvk¥xi, Kveyj, jv‡nvi, gvjcyi, cvUbv, Lahore, Malpur, Patna, Shaharpattan, Sitapur, knicËb, wmZvcyi, D`qcyi, D¾qb, D`©-Rvdi-Kvwib Udaipur, Ujjain, Urdu-zafar-qarin etc. See, PL cÖf…wZ| †`Lyb, wcGj ¸ß, K‡qbm, (wbD w`j-x, b¨vkbvj Gupta, Coins, (New Delhi, National Book Trust, eyK Uªv÷, 1969, Z…Zxq ms¯‹iY 1991), 116| 1969, 3rd edition in 1991), 116.

25. AvMÖv, Avn‡g`vev`, Avng`bMi, AvKeibMi, 25. Agra, Ahamedabad, Ahamadnagar, AvKeicyi, ZvÛv, Gjvnvev`, AvjIqvi, evjvcyi, evÜz, Akbarnagar, Tanda, Allahabad, Alwar, Balapur, Bandhu, Bangala, Barar, Burhanpur, Delhi, ev½vjv, evivi, eyinvbcyi, w`j-x, BwjPcyi, d‡Zcyi, Elichpur, Fathpur, Gwalior, Hisar. Jaunpur, †Mvqvwjqi, wnmvi, ˆRbcyi, Kveyj, Kvjwc, jv‡nvi, Kabul, Kalpi, Lahore, Multan, Malpur, Patna, gyjZvb, gvjcyi, cvUbv, †kiMo, wmZvcyi, kÖxbMi, Shergarh, Sitapur, Srinagar, Ujjain, Urdu-zafar- D¾qbx, D`©-Rvdi-Kvwib cÖf…wZ| †`Lyb, wcGj ¸ß, qarin etc. See, PL Gupta, Coins, (New Delhi, National Book Trust, 1969, 3rd edition in 1991), K‡qbm, (wbD w`j-x, b¨vkbvj eyK Uªv÷, 1969, Z…Zxq 116. ms¯‹iY 1991), 116| 26. PL Gupta, Coins, (New Delhi, National Book 26. wcGj ¸ß, K‡qbm, (wbD w`j-x, b¨vkbvj eyK Uªv÷, rd 1969, Z…Zxq ms¯‹iY 1991), 116| Trust, 1969, 3 edition in 1991), 116. 27. PL Gupta, Coins, (New Delhi, National Book 27. wcGj ¸ß, K‡qbm, (wbD w`j-x, b¨vkbvj eyK Uªv÷, rd 1969, Z…Zxq ms¯‹iY 1991), 115| Trust, 1969, 3 edition in 1991), 115. 28. Av‡jvKwP‡Îi Drm: b¨vkbvj wgDwRqvg, w`j-x, msMÖn 28. Source of Photograph: National Museum, bs 59-39-79| Delhi, Acc. No. 59-39-79. 29. Av‡jvKwP‡Îi Drm: http://www.smeworld.org [08 29. Source of Photograph: http://www. A‡±vei 2012 Zvwi‡L †`Lv] smeworld.org. [Accessed in 08 October 2012] 30. wcGj ¸ß, K‡qbm, (wbD w`j-x, b¨vkbvj eyK Uªv÷, 30. PL Gupta, Coins, (New Delhi, National Book rd 1969, Z…Zxq ms¯‹iY 1991), 126| Trust, 1969, 3 edition in 1991), 126. 31. GmGBP †nvw`fvjv, wn‡÷vwiK¨vj ÷¨vwWR Bb gyMj 31. SH Hodivala, Historical Studies in Mughal wbDwgRg¨vwU·, (†ev‡¤^, cybgy`ªY 1976), 184| Numismatics, (Bombay, reprint in 1976), 184. 62 ¯§viK gy`ªv I †bvU 32. †gvt †iRvDj Kwig, ÔK‡qbm A¨vÛ Kv‡iÝx wmm‡Ug: 32. Md. Rezaul Karim, 'Coins and Currency wgWvBfvj A¨vÛ †jU wgWvBfvj wcwiqWÕ, †`Lyb, mywd System: Medieval and Late Medieval Period', in Sufi Mostafizur Rahman (ed.), Archaeological †gv¯ÍvwdRyi ingvb (m¤úvw`Z), AvwK©IjwRK¨vj †nwi‡UR, Heritage, Cultural Survey of Bangladesh, Series KvjPvivj mv‡f© Ae evsjv‡`k, wmwiR 1, (XvKv, GwkqvwUK 1, (Dhaka, The Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, †mvmvBwU Ae evsjv‡`k, 2007), 135| 2007), 135.

33. wcGj ¸ß, K‡qbm, (wbD w`j-x, b¨vkbvj eyK Uªv÷, 33. PL Gupta, Coins, (New Delhi, National Book rd 1969, Z…Zxq ms¯‹iY 1991), 126| Trust, 1969, 3 edition in 1991), 126. 34. Av‡jvKwP‡Îi Drm: http://www.med.unc.edu/~ 34. Najm-Ul-Hasan, 'Making Big Money', in The nupam/delhi1.html. [22 †m‡Þ¤^i 2012 Zvwi‡L †`Lv] Hindustan Times, May 1, 1998. 35. wbRvg-Dj-nvmvb, Ô†gwKs weM gvwbÕ, †`Lyb, `¨v 35. PL Gupta, Coins, (New Delhi, National Book rd wn›`y¯’vb UvBgm, †g 1, 1998| Trust, 1969, 3 edition in 1991), 126.

36. wcGj ¸ß, K‡qbm, (wbD w`j-x, b¨vkbvj eyK Uªv÷, 36. Source of photograph: http://www.med.unc. 1969, Z…Zxq ms¯‹iY 1991), 126| edu/~nupam/delhi1.html. [Accessed in 22 September 2012] 37. GbwR †ivWm& I Gm‡K †evm, `¨v K‡q‡bR Ae 37. NG Rhodes and SK Bose, The Coinage of RqšÍxqvcyi DB_ A¨vb GKvD›U Ae `¨v jv÷ †WR Ae `¨v Jaintiapur with an Account of the Last Days of RqšÍxqv ivR, (KjKvZv: †MŠnvwU, GbwR †ivWm& I Gm‡K the Jaintia Raj, (Kolkata : Guwahati, NG Rhodes & SK Bose, 2010), 59-68. †evm, 2010), 59-68| 38. Av‡jvKwP‡Îi Drm: byi“j Bmjvg msMÖn, XvKv| 38. Source of photograph: Noorul Islam Collection, Dhaka.

39. WvewjD ¯‹U gU©b, Pvqbv: BUm wn÷ix A¨vÛ KvjPvi, 39. W. Scott Morton, China: Its History and (wbD BqK©, wjwàb‡KvU, 1980), 95| Culture, (New York, Lippincott, 1980), 95.

40. wm‡qb my‡qb-myBb, mv‡qÝ A¨vÛ wmwfjvB‡Rkb Bb 40. Tsien Tsuen-Hsuin, Science and Civilisation Pvqbv, LÊ 5, cvU© 1 (†ccvi A¨vÛ wcÖw›Us), (†KgweªR in China, Volume 5, Part 1 (Paper and Printing), (Cambridge University Press, 1985), 48. BDwbfvwm©wU †cÖm, 1985), 48| 41. †iRIqvb iv¾vK I wK‡kvi SzbSzbIqvjv, `¨v 41. Rezwan Razack and Kishore Jhunjhunwalla, wifvBRW ÷¨vÛvW© †idv‡iÝ MvBW Uz BwÛqvb †ccvi gvbx, The Revised Standard Reference Guide to Indian Paper Money, (Coin and Currencies, (K‡qbm& A¨vÛ Kv‡iÝxm&, BwÛqv, 2012)| India, 2012).

42. †hv‡md Mvievi I n¨vbm&-jyWBDM MÖv‡evmwK, 42. Joseph Gerber and Hans-Ludwig K‡g‡gv‡iwUf †bvUm Ae `¨v Iqvì©, (†MBU-fvijvM, Grabowski, Commemorative Notes of the 2012)| World, (Gietl Verlag, 2010). 43. I‡qb R¨vKe, ÔG †gw·Kvb K‡g‡gv‡iwUf †bvUÕ, wgW- 43. Wayne Jacob, 'A Mexican Commemorative AvBj¨vÛ K¬ve Rvb©vj, LÊ 6, bs 12, wW‡m¤^i 2007| Bank-note', Mid-Island Coin Club Journal, Vol. 6, No. 12, December 2007. 44. Av‡jvKwP‡Îi Drm: I‡qb R¨vKe, ÔG †gw·Kvb 44. Source of photograph: Wayne Jacob, 'A K‡g‡gv‡iwUf †bvUÕ, wgW-AvBj¨vÛ K¬ve Rvb©vj, LÊ 6, bs Mexican Commemorative Note', Mid-Island Coin Club Journal, Vol. 6, No. 12, December 12, wW‡m¤^i 2007| 2007.

Commemorative Coins and Notes 63 45. Av‡jvKwP‡Îi Drm: RvwZi RbK e½eÜz †kL gywReyi 45. Source of photograph: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman : The Father of the ingvb, (wbe©vnx m¤úv`K nv‡kg Lvb), (RvwZi RbK e½eÜz Nation, (Executive Editor Hashem Khan), †kL gywReyi ingvb †g‡gvwiqvj Uªv÷, XvKv, 1997, wØZxq (Father of the Nation Bangabandhu Sheikh ms¯‹iY 2003), 107| Mujibur Rahman Memorial Trust, Dhaka, 1997, 2nd edition in 2003), 107. 46. Av‡jvKwP‡Îi Drm: RvwZi RbK e½eÜz †kL gywReyi 46. Source of photograph: Bangabandh Sheikh ingvb, (wbe©vnx m¤úv`K nv‡kg Lvb), (RvwZi RbK e½eÜz Mujibur Rahman : The Father of the Nation, (Executive Editor Hashem Khan), (Father of the †kL gywReyi ingvb †g‡gvwiqvj Uªv÷, XvKv, 1997, wØZxq Nation Bangabandh Sheikh Mujibur Rahman ms¯‹iY 2003), 97| Memorial Trust, Dhaka, 1997, 2nd edition in 2003), 97. 47. Av‡jvKwP‡Îi Drm: RvwZi RbK e½eÜz †kL gywReyi 47. Source of photograph: Bangabandh Sheikh ingvb, (wbe©vnx m¤úv`K nv‡kg Lvb), (RvwZi RbK e½eÜz Mujibur Rahman : The Father of the Nation, (Executive Editor Hashem Khan), (Father of the †kL gywReyi ingvb †g‡gvwiqvj Uªv÷, XvKv, 1997, wØZxq Nation Bangabandh Sheikh Mujibur Rahman ms¯‹iY 2003), 98| Memorial Trust, Dhaka, 1997, 2nd edition in 2003), 98. 48. Av‡jvKwP‡Îi Drm: RvwZi RbK e½eÜz †kL gywReyi 48. Source of photograph: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman : The Father of the ingvb, (wbe©vnx m¤úv`K nv‡kg Lvb), (RvwZi RbK e½eÜz Nation, (Executive Editor Hashem Khan), †kL gywReyi ingvb †g‡gvwiqvj Uªv÷, XvKv, 1997, wØZxq (Father of the Nation Bangabandhu Sheikh ms¯‹iY 2003), 98| Mujibur Rahman Memorial Trust, Dhaka, 1997, 2nd edition in 2003), 98. 49. bKkvKvi: wkívPvh© Rqbyj Av‡ew`b| 49. Designer:Shilpacharya Zainul Abedin. 50. Av‡jvKwP‡Îi Drm: RvwZi RbK e½eÜz †kL gywReyi 50. Source of photograph: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman : The Father of the ingvb, (wbe©vnx m¤úv`K nv‡kg Lvb), (RvwZi RbK e½eÜz Nation, (Executive Editor Hashem Khan), †kL gywReyi ingvb †g‡gvwiqvj Uªv÷, XvKv, 1997, wØZxq (Father of the Nation Bangabandhu Sheikh ms¯‹iY 2003), 130| Mujibur Rahman Memorial Trust, Dhaka, 1997, 2nd edition in 2003), 130. 51. Av‡jvKwP‡Îi Drm: http://www.abc.net.au/news/ 51. Source of photograph: http://www.abc.net. image/3705802-16x9-940x529.jpg. [05 b‡f¤î 2012 au/news/image/3705802-16x9-940x529.jpg. [Accessed in 05 Novemberr 2012] Zvwi‡L †`Lv] 52. Av‡jvKwP‡Îi Drm: RvwZi RbK e½eÜz †kL gywReyi 52. Source of photograph: Bangabandh Sheikh ingvb, (wbe©vnx m¤úv`K nv‡kg Lvb), (RvwZi RbK e½eÜz Mujibur Rahman : The Father of the Nation, (Executive Editor Hashem Khan), (Father of the †kL gywReyi ingvb †g‡gvwiqvj Uªv÷, XvKv, 1997, wØZxq Nation Bangabandh Sheikh Mujibur Rahman ms¯‹iY 2003), 105| Memorial Trust, Dhaka, 1997, 2nd edition in 2003), 105. 53. Av‡jvKwP‡Îi Drm: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ 53. Source of photograph: http://en.wikipedia. Rabindranath_Tagore. [05 b‡f¤î 2012 Zvwi‡L †`Lv] org/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore. [Accessed in 05 Novemberr 2012] 54. Av‡jvKwP‡Îi Drm: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ 54. Source of photograph: http://en.wikipedia. Kazi_Nazrul_Islam [05 b‡f¤î 2012 Zvwi‡L †`Lv] org/wiki/Kazi_Nazrul_Islam. [Accessed in 05 November 2012] 55. Av‡jvKwP‡Îi Drm: www.commons.wikimedia. 55. Source of photograph: www.commons. org. [05 b‡f¤î 2012 Zvwi‡L †`Lv] wikimedia.org. [Accessed in 05 November 2012]

64 ¯§viK gy`ªv I †bvU